| 1000-1200 AD |
Manco Capac founds Cuzco and the Inca kingdom. |
| 1438 |
Pachacuti begins major conquests. |
| 1471 |
Tupac Yupanqui conquers most of modern Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, half of Chile and parts of Argentina and Colombia. |
| 1493 |
Huayna Capac becomes eleventh Inca. |
| 1521 |
Portuguese adventurer Aleixo de Garcia is the first European to set foot in the Inca Empire. |
| 1522 |
Spanish begin exploration of the Peruvian coast. |
| Nov. 1524-25 |
Pizarro's first voyage to river San Juan. |
| March 1526 |
Contract between Pizarro, Almagro and Luque. |
| 1526-27 |
Pizarro's second voyage. |
| 1527 |
Smallpox enters Peru. |
| April 1528 |
Francisco Pizarro lands at Tumbes. Epidemic kills 200,000 people, including Huayna Capac. |
| 1528-32 |
Civil war between sons Huascar and Atahualpa; Atahualpa wins. |
| May 16, 1532 |
Pizarro marches into Inca Empire. |
| Nov. 16, 1532 |
Pizarro ambushes and captures Atahualpa. Atahualpa offers ransom of gold. |
| July 26, 1533 |
Spanish execute Atahualpa. |
| Nov. 15, 1533 |
Spanish enter Inca capital of Cuzco. |
| March 1534 |
Pizarro crowns Manco II as puppet Sapa Inca. |
| 1535 |
Lima, Peru is founded by Pizarro. |
| 1535-37 |
Almagro's expedition south to Chile. |
| April 1536 |
Great Inca Revolt: Manco rebels against the Spanish. |
| 1537 |
Manco establishes new Inca state in Vilcabamba. |
| 1538 |
Almagro is captured and executed by Pizarro faction. |
| July 26, 1541 |
Pizarro is murdered by followers of Almagro's son. |
| 1544 |
Murder of Manco II by Spanish renegades; new leader is Sayri Tupac. |
| 1558 |
Sayri Tupac joins the Spanish. |
| 1558-71 |
Titu Cusi rules in Vilcabamba. |
| 1571 |
Tupac Amaru succeeds Titu Cusi. |
| 1572 |
Spanish conquer Vilcabamba. Tupac Amaru, the last Inca, is captured and beheaded. |
| 1780 |
Revolt of Tupac Amaru II. |
| July 28, 1821 |
Declaration of Independence from Spain. |
| 1824 |
Peru gains independence from Spain. |
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