In this episode of Second Opinion, you'll learn about the different forms and causes of dementia, the difference between dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and how the effects of dementia may be slowed down by medical intervention. 

Dementia is cognitive impairment greater than can be accounted for by the aging process alone, by another disease process, or toxic influence.  We all age differently, but dementia is not an inevitable part of the process. Dementia, a general term for a decline in mental abilities, is really a name for a varying set of symptoms, rather than a specific disease.  These symptoms can range from mild to severe, and can include memory loss, confusion, problems with judgment, planning and concentration, as well as personality and mood changes.

Saying someone has dementia is like saying someone has a fever; it does not tell you why someone has it.  The causes of dementia can include illness, infections, injuries, diabetes and lead poisoning, as well as nutritional, hormonal, vitamin or body chemistry imbalances.  It can also be caused by aluminum toxicity from aluminum ingestion and reaction to medicines.

Some of these causes are reversible, and in some cases the progress of the condition can be slowed down by medical treatment.  Therefore, the most important first step to understanding what form of dementia you or a loved one may have, and what can be done about it, is to get an accurate diagnosis.  This involves speaking openly and honestly with your doctor, and having a thorough medical exam, including a neuropsychological evaluation.  

Dementia is not the same thing as Alzheimer's disease.  Alzheimer's disease is simply one of the illnesses that can cause dementia.  Unlike some forms of dementia, Alzheimer's effects are permanent and we do not yet know its causes, its cure, or its prevention.  As the disease progresses from early, to mid, to late stage, it affects the body as well as the mind, making it difficult for people with it to talk, walk, swallow, control their bowels, etc. 

Alzheimer's can strike younger people, but the chance of getting it increases with age and the risk appears to be higher for women and some people with less formal education. Researchers are also studying the role genetics may play in developing the disease.  Although Alzheimer's is currently incurable, medications are now available that can control and reduce its symptoms and slow its progression.