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Convicts and their guard pause in their work, Atlanta, 1895. Courtesy of Georgia Archives Vanishing Georgia Collection. -
Convicts building the street in Birmingham, 1909. Courtesy of Birmingham Public Library. -
Members of a chain gang working in a pit, Macon area, ca. 1900. Courtesy Georgia Archives Vanishing Georgia Collection. -
City convicts in bunks. Courtesy of Birmingham Public Library. -
Bartow County State Highway prisoners. Courtesy of Getty. -
Convict wagon, Birmingham. Courtesy of Birmingham Public Library. -
Four convicts sometime between 1900 and 1906. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. -
Child convicts in field, 1903. Courtesy of Detroit Publishing Company. -
Convict against tree, ca. 1890. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. -
John Spizack had access to photograph forced-labor camps. This photo of an unidentified man tied to a pickax shows a typical punishment for blacks living in these conditions, early 1930s. Courtesy of Harry Ransom Center University of Texas at Austin. -
Overseeing the chain gang, Oglethorpe County, Georgia. Courtesy of Library of Congress. -
Guard at the new Louisiana State Penitentiary holding a bull whip no longer used for management of prisoners, 1955. Courtesy of Getty. -
"Angola Hoers" female prisoners were housed at Angola, along with the males. Courtesy of Fonville Winans.
