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Origins of Humankind Source Credits
Introduction Images
Australopithecus afarensis - Hadar skull with mandible
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - KNM-ER 1813
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon I
Fossil credit: Original housed in Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Mauer mandible
Fossil credit: Original housed in Geologisch-Palaontologisches
Institut der Universitat, Heidelberg
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Background Images
Vegetation
Digital Imagery © copyright 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc.
Trees
Digital Imagery © copyright 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc.
Savanna
Digital Imagery © copyright 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc.
Serengeti
Digital Imagery © copyright 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc.
Glacier
Digital Imagery © copyright 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc.
Timeline Entries
FOSSILS
Orrorin tugenensis - Partial jaw
Fossil credit: The Community Museums of Kenya
Photo credit: © Dr. M. Pickford
Orrorin tugenensis - Partial femur *
Fossil credit: The Community Museums of Kenya
Photo credit: © Dr. M. Pickford
Ardipithecus ramidus - ARA-VP-1/129
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 Tim D. White / Brill Atlanta
Australopithecus anamensis - KP 29285
Photo credit: © National Museums of Kenya
Australopithecus anamensis - KP 29281
Photo credit: © National Museums of Kenya
Australopithecus afarensis - Hadar skull with mandible
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus afarensis - Laetoli footprints
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Australopithecus afarensis - AL 129-1 *
© Donald Johanson/Institute of Human Origins
Australopithecus afarensis - Lucy
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Kenyanthropus platyops - Flat-faced Man *
Photo credit: © National Museums of Kenya
Australopithecus africanus - STS 71
Fossil credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus africanus - STS 14 *
© John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Australopithecus africanus - Taung Child
Fossil credit: Medical School, University of the Witwatersrand
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus africanus - Mrs. Ples
Fossil credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus aethiopicus - The Black Skull (frontal)
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1995 David L. Brill
Australopithecus aethiopicus - The Black Skull (3/4-view)
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1995 David L. Brill
Australopithecus garhi - BOU-VP-12/130 (frontal)
Fossil credit: Original housed in National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1999 David L. Brill
Australopithecus garhi - BOU-VP-12/130 (3/4-view)
Fossil credit: Original housed in National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1999 David L. Brill
Australopithecus robustus - SK 48
Fossil credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus robustus - TM 1517
Courtesy: Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian Institution
Australopithecus robustus - Eurydice *
Courtesy Dr. Andre Keyser and Colleagues, University of the Witwatersrand.
Image provided by The South African Journal of Science, which formally announced the discovery.
Australopithecus boisei - KNM-ER 406
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus boisei - Zinjanthropus
Fossil credit: National Museum of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus boisei - Konso Skull
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1997 Gen Suwa \ Brill Atlanta
Homo habilis - KNM-ER 1813
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - KNM-ER 1470
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - OH 24
Artifact credit: National Museum of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Copyright protection notice: © 1997 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - Dik-dik Hominid *
Photo credit: © Donald Johanson/Institute of Human Origins
Homo habilis - Olduvai George
Photograph by Dr. Jeffrey H. Schwartz, copyright © 2001.
All rights reserved. Reproduced on-line with permission.
Courtesy of The National Museum of Tanzania
Homo erectus - KNM-ER 3733
Artifact credit: American Museum of Natural History
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - Dmanisi 2282
Photograph by Dr. Jeffrey H. Schwartz, copyright © 2001.
All rights reserved. Reproduced on-line with permission.
Courtesy of The State Museum of Georgia
Homo erectus - Turkana Boy
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - Java Man *
Photograph by Dr. Jeffrey H. Schwartz, copyright © 2001.
All rights reserved. Reproduced on-line with permission.
Courtesy of The Senckenburg Museum
Homo erectus - Tautavel Man
Fossil credit: Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - Peking Man
Fossil credit: American Museum of Natural History
Copyright protection notice: © 1996 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - Petralona 1 (3/4-view)
Fossil credit: Paleontological Museum, University of Thessaloniki
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Petralona 1 (frontal)
Fossil credit: Paleontological Museum, University of Thessaloniki
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Mauer mandible
Fossil credit: Original housed in Geologisch-Palaontologisches
Institut der Universitat, Heidelberg
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Tautavel Man
Fossil credit: Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Petralona 1 (3/4-view)
Fossil credit: Paleontological Museum, University of Thessaloniki
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Kabwe Man
Fossil credit: Original housed in British Museum
Copyright protection notice: © 1995 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - La Ferrassie I
Fossil credit: Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - Shanidar 1
Fossil credit: Original housed in Iraq Museum, Baghdad
Copyright protection notice: © 1996 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - (Learn More) - Spy 1 *
Photograph by Dr. Jeffrey H. Schwartz, copyright © 2001.
All rights reserved. Reproduced on-line with permission.
The Spy remains reside in the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brussels, by courtesy of the estate and family of Max Lohest (1857-1926).
Homo neanderthalensis - Old Man *
Courtesy: Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian Institution
Homo neanderthalensis - Saint-Cesaire Neanderthal
Fossil credit: Laboratoire d'Anthropologie, Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon I (reconstruction)
Fossil credit: Original housed in Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - (Learn More) - Spy 1
Photo credit: © Günter Bräuer *
Homo sapiens - Qafzeh IX
Fossil credit: Israel Antiquities Authority, Rockefeller Museum
Copyright protection notice: © 1995 David L. Brill
protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Klasies River mouth
Photograph by Dr. Jeffrey H. Schwartz, copyright © 2001.
All rights reserved. Reproduced on-line with permission.
Courtesy of The South Africa Museum
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon I
Courtesy: Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian Institution
Cultural Artifacts
Australopithecus garhi - Earliest Stone Tools
Artifact credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1999 David L. Brill
Australopithecus robustus - Bone Digging Tools
Artifact credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - Oldowan Stone Tools
Artifact credit: National Museum of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - Acheulean Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Institut du Quaternaire, Batiment de Geologie,
Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Acheulean Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Institut du Quaternaire, Batiment de Geologie,
Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Mousterian Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Institut du Quaternaire, Batiment de Geologie,
Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - Mousterian Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Institut du Quaternaire, Batiment de Geologie,
Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - Burial of the Dead
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Aurignacian Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Musee National de Prehistoire, Les Eyzies de Tayac
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 by David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Magdalenian Stone Tools
Artifact credit: Institut du Quaternaire, Batiment de Geologie, Universite de Bordeaux I
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon Culture *
Courtesy, The Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie.
Homo sapiens - Chauvet Cave Art *
Courtesy: French Ministry of Culture and Communication
Homo sapiens - Altamira Cave Paintings
Courtesy: Scala/Art Resource, New York
Species Gallery
Orrorin tugenensis - Partial jaw
Fossil credit: The Community Museums of Kenya
Photo credit: © Dr. M. Pickford
Ardipithecus ramidus - ARA-VP-1/129
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 Tim D. White / Brill Atlanta
Australopithecus anamensis - KP 29285
Photo credit: © National Museums of Kenyal
Australopithecus afarensis - Hadar skull with mandible
Fossil credit: National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Kenyanthropus platyops - Flat-faced Man
Photo credit: © National Museums of Kenya
Australopithecus africanus - STS 71
Fossil credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Australopithecus aethiopicus - The Black Skull (frontal)
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1995 David L. Brill
Australopithecus garhi - BOU-VP-12/130 (frontal)
Fossil credit: Original housed in National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Copyright protection notice: © 1999 David L. Brill
Australopithecus boisei - KNM-ER 406
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo habilis - KNM-ER 1813
Fossil credit: National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo erectus - KNM 3733
Artifact Credit: Original Housed in National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi
Copyright Protection Notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
Australopithecus robustus - SK 48
Fossil credit: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo heidelbergensis - Petralona 1 (frontal)
Fossil credit: Paleontological Museum, University of Thessaloniki
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo neanderthalensis - La Ferrassie I
Fossil credit: Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1985 David L. Brill
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon I
Fossil credit: Original housed in Musee de l'Homme, Paris
Copyright protection notice: © 1994 David L. Brill
* Image used in both low and high-bandwidth versions.
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