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Benjamin Banneker publishes the first almanac by an blackAfrican-AmericanAfrican American and is appointed by President George Washington to help survey Washington, D.C.
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Slaves revolt in Haiti against the French rulers and slaveowners. Toussaint L'Ouverture, a former slave, leads them consistently to victory but is betrayed and captured in 1802. The revolt continues, and the independence of Haiti in is declared in 1804. Americans, particularly Southerners, are terrified by these events, which discourage the importation of slaves into the U.S. and probably hasten the end of the slave trade.
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Congress passes the first Fugitive Slave Act, which makes it a crime to harbor an escaped slave.
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Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, which makes cotton cultivation on a huge scale possible in the South and thus greatly increases the need for slaves, whose numbers skyrocket.
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Richard Allen founds in Philadelphia what would become the Mother Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church, and Absalom Jones becomes the rector of the Saint Thomas African Episcopal Church.
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Gabriel Prosser tries to organize the first large-scale slave revolt in the U.S., gathering more than 1,000 armed slaves in Virginia. The revolt fails, and Prosser and more than 35 other slaves are executed.
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Congress bans the importation of slaves into the U.S. The law will be largely ignored in the South.
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The Abyssinian Baptist Church, New York City's oldest black church, is founded.
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African American businessman Paul Cuffe finances the settlement of 38 African Americans in Sierra Leone.
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The U.S.'s first independent African American church denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, is organized in Philadelphia. By 2002, it will have more than 3 million members.
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The first black black theater company in the United States, the African Company, is founded in New York.
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