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A symbol is something that stands for something else. Literary symbolism combines the literal and the abstract. Some symbols are generic, such as the color red representing love, and flowers representing mortality. Other symbols, such as The Valley of Ashes in THE GREAT GATSBY, are specific to individual novels. (The Valley of Ashes represents the consequences of greed.) Many symbols used in American novels demonstrate the effectiveness of symbolism as a literary technique, and consequently have become familiar parts of the mainstream culture.
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