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Elijah Challenges the Prophets of Baal

The cult of the principal Canaanite deity, Baal, proved a serious threat to the worship of the Israelite god. When Ahab was king of Israel (ca. 871-852 BCE), he endorsed and supported Baal worship at the insistence of his wife, Jezebel, the daughter of the king of Sidon. In this passage, the prophet Elijah sets out to discredit Baal and his votaries by challenging them to a sort of spiritual duel on the slopes of Mount Carmel.

Early prophets, such as Elijah, were miracle workers, and one of their key roles was to defend and strengthen the people's worship of the Israelite god.

Then Elijah said to all the people, "Come closer to me"; and all the people came closer to him. First he repaired the altar of YHWH that had been thrown down; Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of YHWH came, saying, "Israel shall be your name"; with the stones he built an altar in the name of YHWH. Then he made a trench around the altar, large enough to contain two measures of seed. Next he put the wood in order, cut the bull in pieces, and laid it on the wood. He said, "Fill four jars with water and pour it on the burnt offering and on the wood." Then he said, "Do it a second time", and they did it a second time. Again he said, "Do it a third time"; and thy did it a third time, so that the water ran all around the altar, and filled the trench also with water.

At the time of the offering of the oblation, the prophet Elijah came near and said, "O YHWH, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, let it be known this day that you are God in Israel, that I am your servant, and that I have done all these things at your bidding. Answer me, O YHWH, answer me, so that this people may know that you, O YHWH, are God, and that you have turned their hearts back." Then the fire of YHWH fell and consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the stones, and the dust, and even licked up the water that was in the trench. When all the people saw it, they fell on their faces and said, "YHWH indeed is God; YHWH indeed is God."
Judah alone.

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