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Jewish Residence Restricted

The Jews brought under Russian rule as a result of the partitions of Poland were confined to residence in an area that came to be known as the "Pale of Settlement." This decree delineates the boundaries of the Pale, including fifteen provinces in Western Russia, ten provinces of the former Kingdom of Poland, and other areas between the Baltic and Black Seas. By the end of the 19th cen., nearly five million Jews were restricted to the overcrowded cities and towns of the Pale, which was abolished only in 1917, when the February Revolution toppled the Czar.

 

 

 

Delineation of the Pale of Settlement (April 1835)

. . . 3. A permanent residence is permitted to Jews: (a) In the provinces: Grodno, Vilna, Volhynia, Podolia, Minsk, Ekaterinoslav. (b) In the districts: Bessarabia, Bialystok.

4. In addition to the provinces and districts listed in the preceding section, permanent residence is permitted to Jews, with the following restrictions: (a) in Kiev province with the exception of the provincial capital, Kiev; (b) in Kherson province, with the exception of the city of Nikolaev; (c) in Tavaria province, with the exception of the city of Sebastopol; (d) in the Mogliev and Vitebsk provinces, except in the villages; (e) in Chernigov and Poltava provinces, but not in the government [administrative district] and Cossack villages where the expulsion of Jews has already been completed; (f) in Courland province [Latvia] permanent residence is permitted only to those Jews who have been registered until the present date with their families in census lists. Entry for the purpose of settlement is forbidden to Jews from other provinces; (g) in Lithland [Lithuania] province, in the city of Riga and the suburb of Shlok, with the same restrictions as those applying in the Courland province.

11. Jews who have gone abroad without a legal exit-permit are deprived of Russian citizenship and not permitted to return to Russia.

12. Within the general area of settlement and in every place where Jews are permitted permanent residence, they are allowed not only to move from place to place and to settle in accordance with the general regulations, but also to acquire real estate of all kinds with the exception of inhabited estates, the ownership of which is strictly forbidden to
Jews. . . .

Every Jew must be registered according to the law in one of the legal estates of the realm. Any Jew not complying with this regulation will be treated as a vagrant.

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