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Jews Conscripted Into Czarist Army

In 1827, Nicholas I instituted a harsh conscription policy which compelled Jewish boys and men between the ages of 12 and 25 to serve in the army for twenty-five years. By the time the law was rescinded in 1859, an estimated forty to fifty thousand Jewish minors had been conscripted as cantonists (juvenile conscripts).

One of the principal goals of this policy was to remove men from the Jewish community and make them more "Russian." Many of the conscripts were unable to see their families for years, and a number were converted to Christianity.

 

 

 

Statutes Regarding Military Service of Jews
(August 26, 1827)

1.Upon being called to military service, Jews shall fulfill their obligation in a manner identical to that of other citizens who are members of that class which is required to serve in the armed forces. . . .

2. Jews presented by the community for military service must be no younger than twelve and no older than twenty-five years of age. . . .

13. The Jews of each province must fill their quota of recruits independently of the Gentile population thereof . . . .

24. The responsibility for fulfilling the military obligations falls upon the Jewish communities themselves. They shall follow the dictates of the appropriate provincial authority . . .

62. Jewish youths who are enrolled in general school for a minimum of three years and who perform adequately and those apprenticed to Gentile artisans are exempt from military service for the duration of their studies. . . .

64. Jews who have settled and who work upon the land designated for agricultural purposes are exempt. . . .

74. Jewish minors -- those under 18 -- shall be sent to preparatory institutions for military training.

75. Jews from the age of eighteen and upwards shall be assigned to active military duty according to their physical condition as ordered by the military command. . . .

87. Whoever discloses the names of those who hide a Jew escaping the draft, shall receive a reward in the sum of one hundred rubles from the treasury. . . .

91. Jews on active military duty are permitted to observe their religious customs during their spare time. This is in accordance with the laws of the land concerning accepted religions. Commanding officers shall protect Jews from disturbances or abuses which may be caused by their religious affiliation.

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