KIM LAWTON: From the basement of his home in the Columbus, Ohio, suburbs, Eric McFadden is waging a faith-based, grassroots campaign in support of John Kerry. McFadden launched the CatholicsforKerry04.org Web site in July after meeting the senator and, he says, connecting with Kerry as a Catholic.
ERIC MCFADDEN (Member, Knights of Columbus and John Kerry Supporter): I'm trying to give a voice to Catholics so that they can stand up and say, "I am a Catholic Democrat, and I'm proud, and these are the principles that I believe in."LAWTON: McFadden admits it can be a tough sell, even in his own parish -- St. Brigid of Kildare Catholic Church in Dublin, Ohio. Many of McFadden's fellow parishioners there believe George W. Bush, a United Methodist, better reflects Catholic principles. Wayne Booker is one of them.
WAYNE BOOKER (Member, Knights of Columbus and George Bush Supporter): President Bush is very firm on the life issues and the issues of concern to Catholics. He gives support for the unborn. He believes in traditional family values -- a man and a woman being married.
LAWTON: Catholics used to be a foundational part of the old Democratic Party coalition, but not anymore. In the 2000 election, Al Gore got just 50 percent of the overall Catholic vote, while George Bush got 46 percent. This time around, polls suggest Catholics are still almost evenly divided, with a significant percentage swinging back and forth between the two candidates.
CARL ANDERSON (Member, Knights of Columbus): The candidate who captures the Catholic vote captures the election. It's very hard to win in these important swing states that everybody is talking about if you lose the Catholic vote by a significant margin.LAWTON: The problem is there's no longer a monolithic voting bloc to be persuaded. George Mason University professor Mark Rozell studies religious voting patterns.
Professor MARK ROZELL (George Mason University): We really have to look at distinctions within the Catholic community to find where the different blocs of voters are rather than talk in general about a "Catholic vote."
LAWTON: Hispanic and African-American Catholics, for example, still vote heavily Democratic. In 2000, 67 percent of the Latino Catholic vote went to Gore. Another key variable is church attendance.
Prof. ROZELL: I think the most important distinction politically is between the regular churchgoing Catholics and the occasional and nonchurchgoing Catholics. The former group is heavily Republican, and the latter group is strongly Democrat.LAWTON: The biggest shift to the Republicans has occurred among white Catholics, particularly those several generations removed from their labor union, immigrant roots. For many of these voters, conservative social issues such as abortion are key.
Wayne Booker is a cradle Catholic and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He runs a small printing company in Dublin, Ohio. Growing up, he says his working-class family supported all the things the Democratic Party stood for -- until the abortion issue came to the fore.
Mr. BOOKER: I mean, I was a Kennedy Democrat, and I think I probably voted for Democrats up through Jimmy Carter. But with the life issues that are very important to me, I've become -- my religion and my politics have kind of gotten together.LAWTON: But the majority of Catholics are pro-choice. And even some of those who oppose abortion don't base their vote solely on the issue. Like Wayne Booker, Eric McFadden is a lifelong Catholic, a member of the Knights of Columbus, and an opponent of abortion.
Mr. MCFADDEN: That's a tough issue for Catholics, but again, I don't think we have to be single-issue voters. Abortion is a life issue, but there are also many other life issues. Again, health care, jobs, the war, hunger, poverty.
LAWTON: A few conservative bishops, including St. Louis Archbishop Raymond Burke, have publicly stated that abortion should almost always take precedence. Burke said he would deny Communion to Kerry and other pro-choice politicians. But analysts don't believe that is swaying undecided voters.
LAWTON: Still, the Kerry-Edwards campaign has appeared deeply challenged by issues of faith. Kerry says he doesn't like to wear his religion on his sleeve. On the campaign trail, he hasn't emphasized his Catholic identity, and he has not spoken before Catholic groups.
JOHN PODESTA (Center for American Progress): I think the challenge that President Kennedy, then Senator Kennedy, was under was one in which he was being challenged on how he would govern. Senator Kerry is being challenged on whether he really, truly has faith.
LAWTON: McFadden is trying to take matters into his own hands. In addition to his Web site, he's organizing Catholic meetings in support of Kerry. Meanwhile, President Bush has mounted an aggressive effort to win over Catholic voters. In July, he appeared before the Knights of Columbus, where he was welcomed by shouts of "four more years."
RALPH REED (Bush-Cheney Campaign): We've built an organization that goes down to the precinct level in every battleground state. And if you look at the states that will decide the outcome of this election -- particularly the Great Lakes states of Wisconsin and Minnesota and Michigan and Ohio -- those states, they're high-percentage Catholic states.
Read the full R&E interviews about Catholic voters with 
