A. Philip Randolph was one of the most influential African American leaders of the twentieth century. Randolph worked as a labor organizer, a journalist, and a civil rights leader.
Amy Ashwood, feminist, playwright, lecturer, and pan-Africanist, was one of the founding members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica, and the first wife of Marcus Garvey.Â
Amy Jacques, editor, feminist, and race activist, was Marcus Garvey's second wife and his principal lieutenant during his incarceration in an Atlanta penitentiary from 1925 to 1927.Â
Raymond D'Addario took hundreds of black and white and color photographs at Nuremberg for the Army. William Glenny guarded the Nazi defendants. Read their reminiscences about the trials and their work there.
Each of the four Allied countries that had formed the International Military Tribunal provided one judge and one alternate for the court that convened in the fall of 1945.
The chief prosecutors for the trial of Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg came from four nations: The United States; The United Kingdom; The Soviet Union; and France.
In the Moscow Declaration of October 1943, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin formally stated their determination to bring Nazi war criminals to justice.Â
In 1864, twelve nations signed the first Geneva Convention, which guaranteed neutrality to medical personnel. Such conventions have grown into a set of internationally recognized principles.Â
The 1945Â meeting betwen the Allied partners underlined the differences between them, and set the stage for a post-war "cold" war that would be waged in the coming decades between two global superpowers.
Although the League of Nations and other international meetings had used simultaneous interpretation prior to the trials at Nuremberg, its successful use there in 1945 gave the method new importance.
