Premier Chou En-lai was Communist China's first and longest-serving leader. Chou won many admirers at home and abroad but he was not beyond using extreme methods to advance the Chinese Communist cause
With the defeat of Japan by Allied troops in 1945, fighting between the Communists and Nationalists flared once more, and soon China was engulfed in a bloody, all-out civil war.
It took a virtual war between China and the Soviet Union for Washington to realize how deeply divided the Communist superpowers actually were -- and how that division might be played to America's advantage.
On April 10, nine players, four officials, and two spouses stepped across a bridge from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland, ushering in an era of "Ping-Pong diplomacy."
On February 27, 1972, the United States and China issued a joint communiqué, the culmination of Nixon and Kissinger’s historic week-long visit to the People’s Republic.
Frederick Jeremiah Loudin's commanding presence and ambitious personality caused him to emerge as an unofficial spokesperson for the Jubilee Singers during the four years he toured with them.
Maggie Porter's outstanding soprano voice made her a central member of the Jubilee Singers. She went on to establish herself as a musician in her own right.
Tenor Thomas Rutling is one of four members of the Fisk Jubilee Singers who traveled continuously with the troupe during all three of its tours of the U.S. and Europe.
Ella Sheppard traveled with the Jubilee Singers for eleven years as a soprano, piano accompanist and Assistant Director. Sheppard was one of four of the troupe's members to participate in all three U.S. and European tours.
George White's leadership of the Jubilee Singers was the culmination of a career dedicated both to music and to proving African Americans were the social and intellectual equals of whites.
