Mainstream Christian Music

 

KIM LAWTON, correspondent: This is Christian recording artist TobyMac in concert. He’s bringing the house down and shattering lots of stereotypes along the way

DEBORAH EVANS PRICE (Billboard Magazine): Toby blows away everybody’s perception of what Christian or gospel music is, because Toby makes Jesus look cool.

TOBYMAC: I definitely have my ear to the ground as far as sonically what is happening. I’ve always been a pop artist, you know. I rap, I sing, I scream, whatever gets the point across.

TobyMac concert

LAWTON: Experts say thanks to artists like TobyMac, the contemporary Christian music industry is experiencing a revival, with strong sales, record-breaking tours, and new success in the mainstream charts.

For three consecutive weeks last fall, the Billboard 200 chart included Christian albums that debuted in the Top Ten. One of them was TobyMac’s “Eye on It,” which was the first Christian album since 1997 to debut at number one. And it was only the third Christian album ever to debut on at the top of Billboard’s all-genre chart. That success is continuing in 2013. In mid-January, Christian artist Chris Tomlin’s new album “Burning Lights” opened at number one.

PRICE: It shows the power of the Christian music consumer. For people who tend to want to relegate Christian gospel music to the basement, you know, when an act like Chris, or TobyMac comes in at number one, you have to give that music its due.

LAWTON: Deborah Evans Price has covered Christian music for Billboard magazine for almost 20 years.

Deborah Evans Price

PRICE: They sold nearly 23 million albums last year in the Christian gospel market, and that niche market is bigger than other smaller genres like jazz, classical, Latin. What’s wonderful about this genre of music is that the musicians are just interpreting a timeless message in the music that’s relevant today and that keeps younger listeners coming and and keeps widening the demographic.

LAWTON: Take, for example, Christian rapper Lecrae, whose newest album “Gravity” debuted last September at number three on the Billboard charts. In his music and his publicity, Lecrae is outspoken about his Christian faith.

LECRAE: I’d be, you know, crazy to not talk about the thing that’s most passionate to me, and that is my faith. You know, how can I leave that out? It’s all that I am. It defines me.

LAWTON: That wasn’t always the case. Lecrae says he grew up with few positive male influences and looked to hip-hop for guidance. He wanted nothing to do with his grandmother’s Christian faith.

Christian hip-hop artist Lecrae

LECRAE: I really mocked it. I thought it was silly. It was for old people. I remember one time ripping out Bible papers and using them to roll drugs up with. So it was…it really didn’t matter to me.

LAWTON: His life became a downward spiral of drugs and partying, but he says before he reached 20, he realized the emptiness of it all. Someone invited him to attend a Christian meeting and study the Bible, and he says, to his shock, the classic Christian teaching about salvation really struck a chord.

LECRAE: The simple truth that if there was a God he did love me enough to sacrifice himself for me, like no human being would ever come up with the story that says God reached down to bring me up. And that really, it rocked me in a way I’d never been rocked.

LAWTON: Now he raps not only about his religious beliefs, but about being a faithful husband and a responsible father, not typical themes in hip-hop.

LECRAE: When you turn on the radio and you hear all these perspectives and philosophies, misogyny and you know, hedonism, most Christians say, ‘I got to find the Christian station to get away from this.’ How beautiful would it be if Christians were to invade the airwaves of mainstream culture and give an alternate view to some of those things.

Lecrae

LAWTON: Lecrae has found an audience in both the Christian and secular markets, something that appears to be happening more and more.

PRICE: The walls have come down considerably over the past few years when it comes to the divide between the Christian audience, the Christian market and mainstream consumers. But when you have artists like Toby and Lacrae, and all these phenomenally relevant, musically edgy acts, that draws a wide audience, not just from the people in the church pews, but from the people hanging out at the mall.

LAWTON: It used to be that when Christian artists “crossed-over” into the mainstream, they watered down the religious content of their music. But the rock band Skillet has achieved huge mainstream success despite its explicitly Christian identity. The group was one of only three rock bands overall to go platinum in 2012.

PRICE: There’s been no muddling their identity; they’ve always been, you know, very outspoken about being a Christian band that makes great rock music.

TobyMac

LAWTON: TobyMac says he’s pleased to see some of the barriers coming down.

TOBYMAC: Jesus didn’t hang out in the church. He hung out with the people where they were, and that’s, to me, where Christian music should be.

LAWTON: He first entered the music scene in the late 1980s as part of the ground-breaking Christian hip-hop group DC Talk. More than 20 years later, he says he’s moved away from direct preaching in his music and now tries to write more from his own life experiences.

TOBYMAC: I do think that I have something really good. So when you have something really good you can’t help but want to share it with people. I’m not trying to cram it down their throat, I’m not trying to proselytize. I’m just a guy that loves God with all my heart…when I’m at my best.

LAWTON: And he says he’s become more open about his weaknesses. One of his most popular songs, “Get Back Up,” is about how he responded to a friend getting a divorce.

TOBYMAC: I wrote that song because I probably wasn’t there for him the way I should have been.

LAWTON: He says for him, it’s not about cranking out hits and making money, but rather watching how God uses the music to touch people’s lives. For example, he’s heard from several people who say his recent song “Forgiveness” prompted them to reconcile with an estranged loved one.

TOBYMAC: When things like that are happening, I mean, you know, I think that’s way beyond me. I mean, that’s why I have faith in God, because I know I can’t conjure up a lyric that would do that. But if God breathes something through me when I ask Him to, maybe something good could happen.

LAWTON: Both TobyMac and Lecrae have been criticized by some in the Christian world for pushing the envelope too far. Lecrae in particular came under fire for collaborating with secular rappers who often use offensive lyrics in other venues.

LECRAE: Sometimes I’m too churchy for the world, I’m too worldly for the church, and so I exist in this weird, you know, dichotomy, this weird place, but there’s a lot of people like me, and there’s a lot of people who resonate with that.

LAWTON: He too sees a deeper purpose in what he does.

LECRAE: My hope is that it will be more than music, that it will be a soundtrack of a movement that mobilizes people to see themselves for who they are, for what God created them to be, and to change the world.

LAWTON: And that’s not something you hear every day in the music business.

I’m Kim Lawton reporting.

Timbuktu Mali Manuscripts

 

KIM LAWTON, correspondent: The fabled Saharan city of Timbuktu has been designated a world heritage site, largely because of its priceless collection of Islamic manuscripts dating back to the 13th century. The international community was outraged by reports that the departing militants had ransacked a major library and torched it, destroying some of the documents. Outside experts spent the week trying to confirm what had happened. At the University of Cape Town, Professor Shamil Jeppie leads a project to study the texts. He says the majority appear to have been saved.

PROF. SHAMIL JEPPIE (Univ. of Cape Town): The manuscripts were moved out of Timbuktu, we are told. This is the latest news from Timbuktu, that 25,000-odd manuscripts were actually quietly moved in the past nine months from Timbuktu to the capital.

LAWTON: Timbuktu was considered an ancient seat of Islamic learning. Its collections include texts on theology, math and science, as well as history and politics. When militants took over the city last April, they imposed a strict version of sharia law and began destroying historic sites, including centuries-old Sufi shrines that they deemed to be idolatrous. Many scholars fled the city, but before they left, Jeppie says they apparently hid what manuscripts they could.

JEPPIE: The images we see of manuscripts damaged and burnt and so on are very few, very few, maybe as many as two thousand. That is bad enough, but not the kind of damage and destruction we heard of previously.

LAWTON: Jeppie hopes scholars can now get back to their work in Timbuktu, uninterrupted by violence. I’m Kim Lawton reporting.

The Rosa Parks Papers

Read an excerpt from “The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks” by Jeanne Theoharis

DAVID TERESHCHUK, correspondent: When Rosa Parks died just over seven years ago, prominent national figures celebrated her as the ordinary citizen who herself achieved fame by transforming the cause of Civil Rights through one simple act. A black woman in Montgomery, Alabama refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man.

But many of Mrs Parks’ admirers believe her true nature has not been fully recognized since her death. For one thing, too little account is taken, they think, of her strong involvement in the African Methodist Episcopal church. That involvement, says author of a new Parks biography, Jeanne Theoharis, was matched with a deep faith that called her to action.

Dr. JEANNE THEOHARIS (Author, The Rebellious Life of Rosa Parks): It is a faith that requires people to act in the world. And that December day she makes this incredible stand.

ROSA PARKS: (Interview from Pacifica Radio, 1956) The driver demanded the seats that we were occupying. The other passengers there reluctantly gave up their seats. But I refused to do so.

Dr. Jeanne Theoharis

THEOHARIS: And there is no way to understand how she makes that stand, how she keeps going, without understanding at the core of her activism is her faith.

TERESHCHUK: Mrs. Parks’ trial, for disorderly conduct and violating a local segregation ordinance, sparked the epoch-making Montgomery Bus Boycott, led most notably by a then little-known Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., but also by other local ministers.

ROSA PARKS: (on radio) From the time of the arrest the word had gotten around over Montgomery. The ministers were very much interested in it, and we had our meetings in the churches.

THEOHARIS: She felt that the church had a responsibility to be active—and certainly she was proud of the way that it did so.

TERESHCHUK: Indeed Mrs. Parks was to become a deaconess in the AME church. She said that it was in her church that “I learned people should stand up for their rights, just as the Children of Israel stood up to the Pharaoh.”

JULIAN BOND (Chairman Emeritus, NAACP): You know she is locked in American history as the “bus woman,” the woman who wouldn’t move on the bus. So that was, that was her contribution to the struggle for racial justice. In point of fact, she had a long life after that and before that where she did many things that were courageous and brave.

TERESHCHUK: While her protest on that day in 1955 may have been spontaneous, Mrs. Parks had been attending anti-segregation workshops at the famous Highlander Folk School, devoted to leadership-training for trade unionists and civil rights workers. And as time went on, Rosa Parks’ own political views could surprise people.

BOND: The radical Rosa Parks. Just putting that name “radical” with Rosa Parks shakes you because you’re thinking about this sweet little woman who wouldn’t move on the bus. She was to the left of the political spectrum. She was ahead of Dr. King on many issues.

THEOHARIS: Malcolm X is her personal hero, and her views on self-defense are much closer to Malcolm X’s than King’s. She is also active in the Black Freedom movement as it grows and changes.

In 1966 Stokely Carmichael comes to give a big speech, and one of the first things he does from the pulpit is he calls out Rosa Parks and he calls her his hero. There’s a beautiful picture of Stokely Carmichael and Rosa Parks, and I think we’re not used to seeing that.

TERESHCHUK: We might have gotten used to seeing such unexpected aspects of Rosa Parks except for one curious fact: Parks’ own records of her life are simply not accessible to public view. That’s because of a dispute between family members and executors she appointed in her later years, and a probate court ordered that all her possessions should be sold, with the money that’s raised being split between the contending parties.

So the entire Rosa Parks Collection has passed into the care of a New York auction house, one that’s well-known for celebrity auctions.

ARLAN ETTINGER (President, Guernsey’s Auctioneers): The Rosa Parks Archive contains her library, unpublished photographs, correspondence with everyone from family to great leaders.

TERESHCHUK: It’s all that correspondence, of course, plus her private writing over time in journals and notes that scholars would dearly love to examine closely.

ETTINGER: I just noticed something written when she was referring to her being age 10 where she is crying out about the injustices that she saw around her.

Arlan Ettinger

I could almost turn to any page and come up with something that’s certainly goosebump-raising for me, and I think for anyone. This one starts, “I would rather be lynched than live to be mistreated”.

TERESHCHUK: The problem is, this tantalizing collection has not sold and it’s remained unsold for five years. One reason is that more than just papers are involved.

For such a famous and much-loved historical figure as Rosa Parks, it’s poignant, to say the least, that all her possessions should end up in this workaday warehouse in Upper Manhattan.

Across about a thousand square feet, there are boxes and boxes of Rosa Parks’ memorabilia, ranging from documents and photographs, right through to really personal items like her jewelry and her dresses.

CAROLYN SALTER (Guernsey’s Auction Coordinator): This is a two-piece outfit that she wore when she got the Congressional medal. There’s the dress that she wore for her 85th birthday celebration.

TERESHCHUK: The court has mandated that the entire collection should be sold together as one piece—both papers and personal effects. And as such, in the auction world it could command an enormous asking price.

ETTINGER: We thought to put a price tag of $10 million on this archive.

TERESHCHUK: Historians are appalled that universities and institutes devoted to African American history, who seem a natural home for the collection, will not be able to afford such a large amount.

THEOHARIS: I mean, this puts it out of the reach of some of the institutions that Mrs. Parks cared tremendously about.

TERESHCHUK: The auctioneers are now suggesting they could perhaps put together a rich philanthropic donor with any organization that considers itself an appropriate custodian but feels it doesn’t have the money.

ETTINGER: I would certainly encourage anyone who felt that way to contact us to see if there wasn’t some creative way that we could assist them to make it happen. If they have the will and it’s the right kind of institution maybe we can make some suggestions that would produce the way.

TERESHCHUK: In the meantime, though, with no willing philanthropist coming forward, dedicated followers of Rosa Parks’ remarkable story will just have to wait to discover full chapter-and-verse of a life still untold in its entirety. And they are convinced that the current fate of her papers is doing a great disservice to their heroine.

THEOHARIS: It wouldn’t sit right with the Parks who was active in the world, who had this responsibility to be active and to be useful in the world—and that’s not about how much money you have or what you can afford.

BOND: I think she would be horrified. I think she’d be amazed to find out that money stands in the way of the public knowing more about her.

TERESHCHUK: For Religion and Ethics NewsWeekly, I’m David Tereshchuk.


“THERE LIVED A GREAT PEOPLE”

Book Excerpt: “The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks” by Jeanne Theoharis

bookcover-rosaparksDr. King took the pulpit and captivated the crowd. Exceedingly nervous, he had not had time to prepare a speech. But once he started speaking, he found his stride. He spoke of a time “when people get tired. We are here this evening to say to those who have mistreated us so long that we are tired—tired of being segregated and humiliated; tired of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression.” A tremendous thunder of assent rolled from the crowd. He then called on the dual traditions of Christianity and the Constitution to justify the struggle ahead. “If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong. If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong…If we are wrong, justice is a lie.” And then Dr. King, with prophetic determination, concluded by extolling the importance of the movement being born in Montgomery for the annals of American history. “Right here in Montgomery, when the history books are written in the future, somebody will have to say, ‘There lived a great people—a black people—who injected new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization.'”

Stunned, people were quiet for a moment and then rose to their feet, cheering and clapping. After he finished speaking, King hugged Mrs. Parks. Outside the crowd erupted in thunderous applause. That evening, the fifteen thousand people gathered there decided to continue the boycott indefinitely and formed a new organization called the Montgomery Improvement Association. The collection taken that night raised $785.

But Rosa Parks never got to speak.

From “The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks” by Jeanne Theoharis (Beacon Press, 2013)


Grand Rapids Interfaith Year

 

JUDY VALENTE, correspondent: Grand Rapids, Michigan, is a city with deep roots in conservative Calvinist Christianity—a place where dancing and card playing were once banned, mowing the lawn on Sunday was frowned upon into the 1960s, and in more recent years, a professor who taught evolution at Calvin College encountered harsh criticism.

Though the Dutch Reformed Church and its more conservative offshoot, the Christian Reformed Church, is still a strong presence here, Grand Rapids today is also home to 82 Catholic parishes, five mosques, two synagogues, and Hindu, Buddhist, and Sikh temples. Interfaith dialogue would have been considered unacceptable by many here in the past. But in the last year, with support from the mayor and a wide range of community leaders, Grand Rapids has held 250 events aimed at deepening interfaith understanding. The effort resulted in some strange sights like this one: a Muslim imam preaching on Christian scripture at the Sunday morning service to a United Church of Christ congregation.

DR. DOUGLAS KINDSCHI (Grand Valley State University): If we can make this kind of thing happen in Grand Rapids, then I think that can be a model for it happening in other communities and really a model for the nation.

post02-interfaith-year

VALENTE: Grand Rapids has become a microcosm of global religious diversity. Its interfaith project is unique because it includes not only churches and religious organizations, but a public university, the art museum, the community theater, even the local newspaper. The Grand Rapids Press publishes weekly columns on interfaith understanding. The museum is exhibiting Salvador Dali’s prints of “The 12 Tribes of Israel.” And the symphony has hosted a number of events, like this performance of a Stephen Paulus oratorio commemorating the Holocaust. Leaders of the effort took pains to reassure religiously conservative groups that delving into other religions doesn’t risk diluting any one religion’s set of beliefs.

DR. KINDSCHI: One concept that I think is important, particularly for our community, is the difference between what I call “thin” dialogue and “thick.” Thin dialogue is where you try to get people to narrow their faith commitment down so thin that they can agree with everybody else. Karen Armstrong says all religions are basically compassion. Hans King says all religions are basically the Golden Rule. And there’s a place for that. There’s a place for seeing where the commonality is, but in this community with the strong religious traditions, the strong religious commitments on the part of individuals and organizations, we’ve talked about thick interfaith dialogue. Bring the thickness of your faith to the table. Talk about all that you believe. Don’t see how thin you can make your belief, but talk about the thickness of your belief, but do it in a spirit of understanding and a willingness to the other person to bring their thickness of their faith to it as well.

post03-interfaith-yearVALENTE: A major goal is to build deeper interpersonal relationships through efforts like the Tuesday Table Talks—regular dinner meetings between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim couples that take place in a Catholic spirituality center. The Tuesday Table Talks were an eye opener for Derek Atkins, who grew up in a church that discouraged exploring other faiths.

DEREK ATKINS: It was kind of one of those church settings where you kind of stuck with your own, you know, if you’re a Christian then you should hang out with Christians.

VALENTE: But at the dinners…

ATKINS: I was amazed at the generation that was there and to look now and see, because of this movement here, that they’re saying, “Wow, there’s such value in these conversations.”

VALENTE: At first some residents questioned having public institutions participate in interfaith activities.

DR. KINDSCHI: There was a little bit of resistance from some of my secular colleagues at the university. They said, “What’s the state university doing promoting faith?” I said, “No, we’re not promoting faith. We’re not even promoting interfaith. We’re promoting understanding.”

Rev. Kyle Ray

VALENTE: And not all religious groups reacted enthusiastically. Rev. Kyle Ray is pastor of Kentwood Community Church in suburban Grand Rapids.

REV. KYLE RAY: I think there is a danger with going overboard in interfaith dialogue. There’s the great potential for universalism where we begin to believe that all roads lead to the same place. The reality is that if you would talk to major religious leaders, Jesus makes some exclusive claims that can kind of muddy the water whens when it comes to interfaith dialogue.

PASTOR DOUG VAN DOREN (Plymouth United Church of Christ): It’s quite the opposite of putting other faiths down. If you’re solid in your faith, then it doesn’t have to be necessarily the only way or truth. It could be a clear truth for us, and we can be solid in it, but then have other people be solid in their faith.

VALENTE: City officials estimate that as many as 30,000 of Grand Rapids’ 189,000 residents have attended interfaith events this past year. Community activist Ghazala Munir says the city has come a long way since her two children were the only Muslims in their school. In the 1990s, she tried to establish an interfaith group for mothers, but ran into resistance from other Muslims.

GHAZALA MUNIR: People were not really, they were not ready. They didn’t trust.

VALENTE: But now she’s part of a Muslim-Christian-Jewish group called “Sisters of Faith.”

Ghazala MunirMUNIR: And so we meet once a month and we discuss ideas and we have speakers and we read different books. There’s just an amazing sort of a camaraderie there. It seems to me that no matter what you believe, it all comes out to be the same, our dreams, our hopes, our fears are all the same. So really there’s no separation then. Once you come to that level, that you start talking in these tones, then there is no separation, we connect right away.

VALENTE: In the coming year, the focus will be on the younger generation. These high school students are learning about the peace process that ended decades of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Many in the room have pledged to cooperate on social service projects with students of other faiths, or start interfaith clubs at their schools.

ELENA SCHMITT: The area I live in has a strong Calvinist influence and is very, very religious. Like we’re referred to as the Bible Belt sometimes, so I think bringing the things that I learn in this group to my area can really help people become more tolerant and open to different things.

ANNIKA ROLO: We don’t even have a cultural group at my school. So I think it would be cool to bring that into my school and educate other kids about the different religions that are out there and just let them to at least have a different perspective of even just what they’ve grown up in.

DR. KINDSCHI: I think it’s the high school students that are ready for this, and they’re the ones who have the most to gain by true interfaith understanding.

VALENTE: While fewer large scale public events are planned for this year, Grand Rapids’ interfaith dialogue will go forward with a variety of smaller individual projects, led largely by the generation about to come of age.

For Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly, I’m Judy Valente in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Religion at Obama’s Second Inaugural

 

KIM LAWTON, managing editor: Before Monday’s public swearing-in ceremony, the Obamas attended a special worship service at St. John’s Episcopal Church. Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish leaders were part of the service, which was closed to cameras. Then, the public ceremony began with an invocation by Myrlie Evers-Williams, widow of slain civil rights leader Medgar Evers and the first laywoman to give an inaugural prayer.

MYRLIE EVERS-WILLIAMS: We invoke the prayers of our grandmothers, who taught us to pray, “God, make me a blessing.”

LAWTON: Music included the Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir.

PRESIDENT OBAMA, in inaugural address: The oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country.

LAWTON: The president cited God many times in his address. He laid out a liberal vision for the nation, which included an explicit endorsement of gay rights.

post01-religion-inaugurationOBAMA, in inaugural address: Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law.

LAWTON: That was praised by some faith-based leaders who called this “the most LGBT-friendly” inauguration in history. But religious conservatives were critical, calling the statement “strident and divisive.” Many evangelicals are still upset that Rev. Louie Giglio, who was originally set to give the inaugural benediction, withdrew because of controversy over a sermon against homosexuality that he gave in the 1990s. St. John’s rector, Luis Leon, offered the benediction instead.

Evangelicals did participate in the interfaith Inaugural Prayer Service at Washington National Cathedral on Tuesday (January 22). With the Obamas and Bidens in attendance, representatives from a broad array of religious traditions prayed for the nation and its leaders. The service included Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, and Sikh participants. A major theme of the event was finding a common vision in a nation that remains deeply divided.

post02-religion-inaugurationBOB ABERNETHY: Kim, for all the religious diversity at the Cathedral and at other events, the inauguration itself, the main event, was remarkably Protestant only. A Protestant giving the invocation, a Protestant doing the benediction. Did you hear any complaints about that?

LAWTON: I didn’t hear any complaints, probably because there was so much diversity at some of the other events. The last few inaugural events have been very Protestant in terms of the religious leaders who participated. That hasn’t always been the case. During FDR’s time, there was a Catholic. There have been Jewish leaders, Greek Orthodox leaders in the past who have done it.

ABERNETHY: And the inauguration itself is always such a reminder of the intertwining of religion and government, the language, so many references to God, especially in the music.

LAWTON: The civil religion, America’s civil religion, is always at the forefront, what people call, this idea also people call American exceptionalism, that God has some kind of special, chosen place for America. President Obama, I thought, in his inaugural address also really harkened to that when he talked about this creed that we have, a national creed based on the Declaration of Independence, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It was interesting this time around, a lot of religious conservatives talk about, you know, God has chosen us as a people, but to have a liberal put God with that liberal agenda was something interesting.

ABERNETHY: Many thanks, Kim.