MANJIT SINGH (Guru Nanak Foundation of America Gurdwara, Silver Spring, MD): The word "Sikh" means student or disciple.Sikhs have three basic core beliefs -- constant meditation and remembrance of the Creator, the importance of earning a living by honest and hard work, and the importance of justice and freedom for all.
Sikhs are disciples of the Guru Nanak and the nine gurus -- prophets -- who founded the religion almost 300 years ago.The way that the tradition evolved is that each guru is selected -- a successor guru. The 10th and final guru, Gobind Singh, in 1708, decided to end the successive lines of human gurus and decided to appoint the Sikh scripture called Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal guru. It is the eternal guru of the Sikhs because it contains all the revelations received by all the 10 gurus.
In 1699, the Guru Gobind Singh revealed the Khalsa, and the five Articles of Faith.




The five Articles of Faith are Kesh, which is uncut hair -- the Sikhs are required to keep uncut hair on their entire body, and this applies to both men and women; Kara, which is a steel bracelet worn on the hand, and reminds Sikhs to always do good deeds; the Kanga, which is a small wooden comb -- and its purpose is to remind Sikhs [of] the importance of cleanliness. The fourth is Kuchara, which are worn to signify the importance of chastity. And the last Article of Faith is the Kirpan. It's a religious sword that is worn to remind Sikhs that they have a responsibility and a duty to stand up for justice.
The philosophy is that if all other means of achieving justice have failed, it's righteous to raise the sword. That philosophy comes out of this concept of "saint-soldier," where the common analogy given is that a sword is merely a tool. In the hand of a righteous man, it can be used to uphold justice; in the hands of somebody who is evil, it will be used to commit atrocities.