Another man got too drunk on the Jaineroite's powerful beer, and was pursued by the women until he fell into their toilet, and was converted into the black capuchin monkey. The shaman was the only one wise enough to bring the fire sticks, mokavirentsi, made from Clusia liana, back to humankind.

SHAMANISM, HEALING, AND RELIGION

There are many myths and legends concerning the heroic feats of past shamans and their hallucinogenic vision quests. Stories about shamans often involve the shamans' transformations between human and animal forms. For it is only the shaman, with his hallucinogens and visions, who can transcend the limitations of the everyday world, allowing him to ascend to the sky, visit the land of the spirits, wander in and out of the world of dreams, call back lost souls, inflict or undo the harms of sorcery, heal the sick and transform himself into animal form.

In the spirit world, the divisions between living and dead, animal and human which are so solid in the everyday world, break down. The shaman's power consists in being able to shift over into the spirit world to interact with the transformative spirit-beings there who control matters of life and death in this world. The shaman is the hero who defends mankind and brings him knowledge, power, and technology.

Look for more on Machiguenga myths in Glenn Shepard's upcoming publication, "From Shaman's Breath: Biodiversity in Machiguenga Folklore," In: Darrell Posey, editor, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, UNEP Global Biodiversity Assessment, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, UK (in press).

 
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