Hosni Mubarak, whose autocratic rule launched Egypt’s Arab Spring protests, dies at 91

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• Judy Woodruff:

  Former Egyptian President and longtime U.S. ally Hosni Mubarak died today.

  Foreign affairs correspondent Nick Schifrin reports, his passing came almost a decade after he was ousted from power in the Arab Spring uprising.

• Nick Schifrin:

  In January 2011, the edifice of Hosni Mubarak's Egypt crumbled. He'd been called a modern-day pharaoh, but the millions who filled Cairo's Tahrir Square exposed a country weakened by decades of his corruption and cronyism.

  And the following month, many Egyptians celebrated his fall as the birth of democracy.

• Man (through translator):

  Everyone in Egypt is so happy now, a new change, freedom and democracy.

• Nick Schifrin:

  But like much of the Arab Spring, elation preceded oppression. A democratically elected president was overthrown in a coup by former army chief and today's President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi.

  Mubarak outlived the revolution that overthrew him, but was only seen in court. And while he was humbled, to the end, he was defiant. He rose to power in the air force and became vice president to Anwar Sadat, taking over after Sadat's 1981 assassination.

  He was initially considered a charismatic reformer, and fashioned himself the only guarantor of stability in Egypt and the Middle East, as he told "NewsHour" host Charlayne Hunter-Gault in 1993.

• Hosni Mubarak:

  The stability of this part of the world cannot be maintained without Egypt. I don't think that it will be in the interest of the West or the United States that Egypt to be unstable.

• Nick Schifrin:

  But Mubarak's stability was autocracy. He jailed political opponents without trial, and his police committed widespread torture.

  Poverty increased. The availability of bread plummeted. And when that deprivation combined with corruption to spark the 2011 protests, his security forces killed hundreds of demonstrators.

  In 2012, Mubarak defended himself from his sickbed. He was sentenced to life in prison, but successfully appealed. He later was sentenced to three years in prison on corruption charges, but was released in 2017.

  He died today in this hospital, remembered most not for his autocratic rule, but for the protests that ended it.

  For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Nick Schifrin.

• Judy Woodruff:

  Hosni Mubarak was 91 years old.