DIRECTED BY
Michael Kirk
WRITTEN BY
Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser
PRODUCED BY
Michael Kirk
Mike Wiser
Philip Bennett
PRODUCED & REPORTED BY
Jim Gilmore
Gabrielle Schonder
EDITORS
Steve Audette, ACE
Elliott Choi
PRODUCTION EXECUTIVE
Colette Neirouz Hanna
POST PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR
Elliott Choi
DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Ben McCoy
NARRATOR
Will Lyman
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER
Olivia DelVecchio
GFX EDITOR
Elliott Choi
RESEARCHER
Brooke Nelson
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Tim Meagher
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Alana Schwartz
ORIGINAL MUSIC
John E. Low
SOUND
Jason Pawlak
ADDITIONAL CAMERA
Nikki Bramley
Bill McMillin
Jason Longo
ADDITIONAL SOUND
Roger Phenix
Tom Levy
Eric Soma
Carl Franson
Drew Levinson
Steve Clark
Steve Lederer
ASSISTANT CAMERA
Greg Brutus
ONLINE EDITOR/COLORIST
Jim Ferguson
SOUND MIX
Jim Sullivan
VOICEOVER
Erin Cole
Jeremiah Kissel
Mike McNally
Peter Berkrot
LEGAL
Ken Fishkin
ACCOUNTANT
Joseph Shulman
ADDITIONAL STORY EDITOR
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
ADDITIONAL COORDINATING PRODUCER
Karinna Sjo-Gaber
ADDITIONAL RESEARCHER
Andrew Helms
TRANSLATOR
Tatyana Gassel
ARCHIVAL MATERIALS
ABC News VideoSource
Alamy
Al Drago/The New York Times/Redux
America by Air
AP/Shutterstock
Ashley Gilbertson/VII/Redux
Associated Press
Axiom Images
Barack Obama Presidential Library
Brendan Smialowski/The New York Times/Redux
CBS News/Veritone
Christopher Morris/VII/ Redux
CNN
CNN/Veritone
Damon Winter/The New York Times/Redux
Dave Reilly Media
Deseret News, Matt Brown
Doug Mills/The New York Times/Redux
Drew Angerer/The New York Times/Redux
Eli Reed/Magnum Photos
Eric Thayer/The New York Times/Redux
Erin Schaff/The New York Times/Redux
Fibonacci Blue
FOX Archives/FOX News Channel
FOX CT
Getty Images
Jeremy Liebman
Jim Lo Scalzo/EPA/Shutterstock
John Lee/Chicago Tribune/TNS
Josh Haner/The New York Times/Redux
Justin Lane/EPA/Shutterstock
Kevin C. Downs/Cosmos/Redux
Kevin Ex Films
Luke Sharrett/The New York Times/Redux
M. Scott Mahaskey/Politico
Marcus Yam/The New York Times/Redux
Mark Peterson/Redux
Matt Campbell/EPA/Shutterstock
Matt Furman/Redux
Michael Reynolds/EPA/Shutterstock
NBCUniversal Archives
NewsHour
Nick Poulis/Polaris/Newscom
Nigel Parry/CPi Syndication
Nina Berman/NOOR/Redux
NYT/The New York Times/Redux
Official White House Photo by Shealah Craighead
Peter van Agtmael/Magnum Photos
Philip Scott Andrews/The New York Times/Redux
Polaris Images
Pond5
Pool/ABACA/Newscom
Reelin' in the Years Productions
Reuters
Richard Perry/The New York Times/Redux
Right Side Broadcasting Network
Robert Nicholas/The New York Times/Redux
Ron Haviv/VII/Redux
ROTA/Camera Press/Redux
Rufus Cox/Camera Press/Redux
Ruth Fremson/The New York Times/Redux
Saiyna Bashir, CAP TIMES
Sarah Silbiger/The New York Times/Redux
Screenocean/Reuters
Scott Harrison/Retna/MediaPunch
Shawn Thew/EPA/Shutterstock
Shutterstock
Stephen Crowley/The New York Times/Redux
Tannen Maury/EPA/Shutterstock
Thomas Dworzak/Magnum Photos
Tim Clayton
Todd Heisler/The New York Times/Redux
Tom Brenner/The New York Times/Redux
The Washington Post
White House
White House Communications Agency
William J. Clinton Presidential Library
Zhang Jun Xinhua/eyevine/Redux
Zuma Press
Original funding for this program was provided by Public Television stations, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Ford Foundation, Abrams Foundation, Park Foundation, John and Helen Glessner Family Trust, Heising-Simons Foundation, FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler, additional support from Laura DeBonis and Scott Nathan.
FOR FRONTLINE
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Megan McGough Christian
SENIOR PROMOTION PRODUCER
Missy Frederick
SENIOR EDITOR
Barry Clegg
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
Brenna Verre
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Joey Mullin
POST PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Tessa Maguire
FOR WGBH OUTPOST
EDITOR
Deb Holland
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Tim Mangini
INTERN
Collyn Stephens
SERIES MUSIC
Mason Daring
Martin Brody
IMPACT PRODUCER
Erika Howard
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF STRATEGY & AUDIENCE
Pamela Johnston
DIGITAL WRITER & AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIST
Patrice Taddonio
AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT EDITOR
Katherine Griwert
DATA ANALYST
Ben Abrams
SERIES PUBLICITY MANAGER
Anne Husted
DIGITAL PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Lucie Sullivan
PODCAST PRODUCER
Max Green
SERIES COORDINATING PRODUCER
Amy Gaines
ARCHIVES & RIGHTS MANAGER
John Campopiano
LEGAL
Eric Brass
Jay Fialkov
Janice Flood
SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER
Gianna DeGiulio
BUSINESS MANAGER
Sue Tufts
BUSINESS DIRECTOR
Mary Sullivan
DEVELOPER
Anthony DeLorenzo
SENIOR DIGITAL DESIGNER
Dan Nolan
FRONTLINE/COLUMBIA JOURNALISM SCHOOL FELLOWSHIPS
ABRAMS JOURNALISM FELLOW
Zoe Todd
TOW JOURNALISM FELLOW
Karen Pinchin
DIGITAL REPORTER
Katie Worth
DIGITAL REPORTER & PRODUCER
Priyanka Boghani
DIGITAL CONTENT CREATOR
Miles Alvord
ABRAMS FILMMAKER IN RESIDENCE
Ben C. Solomon
SERIES PRODUCER AND EDITOR
Michelle Mizner
INVESTIGATIVE PRODUCER
Daffodil Altan
SENIOR EDITOR & DIRECTOR OF LOCAL PROJECTS
Sarah Childress
SENIOR STORY EDITOR
Lauren Ezell Kinlaw
POST COORDINATING PRODUCER
Robin Parmelee
DIRECTOR OF DIGITAL VIDEO
Carla Borras
SENIOR EDITOR AT LARGE
Louis Wiley Jr.
SPECIAL COUNSEL
Dale Cohen
SENIOR PRODUCERS
Dan Edge
Frank Koughan
SPECIAL PROJECTS EDITOR
Philip Bennett
MANAGING EDITOR
Andrew Metz
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Jim Bracciale
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER AT LARGE
David Fanning
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Raney Aronson-Rath
A FRONTLINE production with Kirk Documentary Group
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All Rights Reserved
FRONTLINE is a production of WGBH/Boston, which is solely responsible for its content.