TED: COMING UP IN THE NEXT HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS ON ARIZONA PBS ON ARIZONA HORIZON: THE LATEST ON PROP-208, WHICH WAS PASSED BY ARIZONA VOTERS TO INCREASE EDUCATION FUNDING.

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TED: GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS TODAY REPORTED THAT INFLATION IN THE U.S. IS AT A 40-YEAR HIGH.THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ROSE 7.5 PERCENT IN THE 12 MONTHS ENDING IN JANUARY.

THAT'S THE HIGHEST ANNUAL INCREASE SINCE FEBRUARY OF 1982.

INCREASES WERE FOUND IN EVERYTHING FROM HOUSING AND FURNITURE, TO USED CARS AND MEDICAL COSTS.

THOSE INCREASES WERE MORE THAN ECONOMISTS HAD FORECAST.

AND MORTGAGE RATES AROUND THE COUNTRY ARE BACK UP TO EARLY PANDEMIC LEVELS.

MORTGAGE RATE IN THE U.S. HAS RISEN TO 3.69 PERCENT.

THAT'S UP FROM 3.55 PERCENT LAST WEEK AND IT'S THE HIGHEST LEVEL SINCE JANUARY OF 2020.

THAT SAID, RATES ARE STILL HISTORICALLY LOW, BUT THEY'RE NOT EXPECTED TO GO LOWER ANYTIME SOON.

THERE WERE JUST UNDER 74-HUNDRED NEW CASES OF COVID-19 IN ARIZONA TODAY.

THAT'S MORE THAN THE PAST FEW DAYS BUT SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN PREVIOUS WEEKS.

THERE WERE 165-COVID-RELATED FATALITIES RECORDED TODAY.

THOSE NUMBERS INCLUDED BACK-FILLING FROM PAST DAYS AND WEEKS, BUT THAT'S STILL QUITE A BIT AND IT RANKS ARIZONA 10TH-HIGHEST IN COVID-RELATED DEATHS FOR THE PAST WEEK.

AND HOSPITALIZATIONS CONTINUE TO IMPROVE, WITH IN-PATIENT AND ICU ADMISSIONS LOWER THAN IN RECENT DAYS.THE ARIZONA COYOTES TODAY ANNOUNCED A MULTI-YEAR AGREEMENT WITH ASU TO PLAY THE TEAM'S HOME GAMES AT THE UNIVERSITY'S NEW MULTI-PURPOSE ARENA FOR THE NEXT THREE SEASONS WITH AN OPTION FOR THE 2026 SEASON.

THE 5,000 SEAT ARENA IS STILL UNDER CONSTRION.

IT'S SET TO BE COMPLETED THIS FALL, JUST PRIOR TO THE START OF THE NEXT SEASON.

ALL THIS AS THE COYOTES CONTINUE TO WORK WITH TEMPE ON A FULL-SIZED, FULL-TIME ARENA NEAR THE 202 AND RIO SOLADO PARKWAY.

AND NATIONAL NEWS: THERE ARE GAPS IN OFFICIAL WHITE HOUSE TELEPHONE LOGS ON THE DAY THAT TRUMP SUPPORTERS ATTACKED THE U.S. CAPITOL.THAT'S ACCORDING TO THE NEW YORK TIMES, WHICH REPORTS THAT INVESTIGATORS FROM THE COMMISSION LOOKING INTO THE JANUARY 6TH RIOT KNOW THAT THEN- PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP WAS MAKING CALLS DURING THE RIOT.

BUT THERE'S NOTHING ON THE LOGS.

THERE'S NO EVIDENCE AS YET THAT ANY OFFICIAL RECORDS WERE TAMPERED WITH OR DELETED, AND ONE EXPLANATION COULD BE THAT TRUMP WAS USING HIS PERSONAL CELLPHONE TO SPEAK WITH AIDES AND ALLIES SOMETHING HE WAS KNOWN TO DO.PROP-208 WAS A TAX ON WEALTHY ARIZONANS TO HELP FUND TEACHER SALARIES AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS.

THE MEASURE PASSED IN NOVEMBER OF 2020, BUT IT'S BEEN HELD UP IN THE COURTS, AND JUST THIS WEEK, A MARICOPA COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE REJECTED APPEALS FROM STATE OFFICIALS FOR AN IMMEDIATE RULING.

WE'LL TALK MORE ABOUT ALL THIS WITH A SCHOOL-FUNDING EXPERT.

BUT FIRST, PRODUCER GRACE PROVENZANO AND VIDEOGRAPHER RUDY ROMO SPOKE WITH TEACHERS AND LEGISLATORS FOR THE LATEST ON PROP-208.

>> FOR WHETHER THEY WORK IN OR OUT THINK OF THAT CLASSROOM, THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF NAIL BITING THE PAST 16 MONTHS THE MEASURE IS TANGLED THEN LEGAL SYSTEM AS THE COURTS TRY FIGURE OUT IF PROP 280 IS LEGAL.

RALPH, A TEACH FORE20 YEAR, IS PRESIDENT OF THE ARIZONA FEDERATION OF TEACHERS FROM MISS CLASSROOM VIEWPOINTS THINGS APPEARED DIRE.

>> AM OFTEN LOOKING AROUND AT LONG-TERM SUBS, BRAND NEW TEACHERS OUT OF COLLEGE THAT IS ABOUT THE CERTIFICATION THEN THEY ARE STRUGGLING AND THEN BECAUSE WE ARE PECKED AS VETERAN TEACHERS DO SO MUCH, THEN WE DON'T ALWAYS HAVE THE ABILITIES TO SUPPORT THEM.

AND THE DISTRICTS ARE EXPECTING US TO HELP OUT, BE?

WHY?

BECAUSE WE CUT THE FUNDING FOR THE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS AND FOR THE TEACHER MENTORSHIP PROGRAMS, THEN, THERE IS JUST NOT ENOUGH TO GO AROUND.

I ALWAYS ARGUE THAT WE JUST NEEDED TO RESTORE FULL FUNNING TO THE 2008 LEVELS THEN WE WOULD BE FINE IN PUBLIC EDUCATION.

>> THAT NUMBER FROM 2080 IS $750MILLION NEEDED TO COVER CAPITAL FUNDING MAINTENANCE AND ALL-DAY KIND KINDERGARTEN.

IN 2020, 1.7MILLION ARIZONA VOTERS APPROVED PROP 208 ON A VICTORY.

THE MEASURE IS INTENDED TO FUND TEACHER SALARIES AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS.

THE MEASURE CALLS FOR AN ADDITIONAL 3.5% INCOME TAX ARIZONANS WHO EARN MORE THAN 250,000 ANNUALLY OR A COUPLE WHO EARN MORE THAN 500,000 A YEAR.

THAT IS ROUGHLY 1% OF WAGE EARNERS THEN STATE.

OPPONENTS OF PROP 208 SAY IT SLIGHTS HOW MUCH THE STATE CAN SPEND ON EDUCATION.

>> THE PROP 20LE WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE IT VIOLATED NUMBER ONE.

PROP 208 IS A POLICY THAT WILL GIVE US THE NINTH HIGH ET CETERA IN THIS COUNTRY AND THE WEST ONLY CALIFORNIA WHICH IS BAD.

PEOPLE WOULD STOP MOVING HERE.

THEY WOULD START LEAVING AS WE ARE ALREADY STARTING TO HEAR BUSINESSES DO AND THAT WOULD LOWER OUR REVENUES AND FOR SCHOOL AND OTHER CRITICAL INVEST VESTMENTS THE LANGUAGE PROPOSITION WAS WRITTEN TO WORK AROUND THE 1980 SPENDING CAP BY CALLING THE FUNDS PROVIDED BY PROP 208 GRANT MONEY BUT THE STATE SUPREME COURT RULED AGAINST THE EXCEPTION SAYING THAT THE MACHINE IF I FOR TEACHERS AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS ARE SUBJECT TO LOCAL SPENDING LIMITS THE HIGH COURT THEN DECIDE THIS IS A MATTER FOR A LOWER COURT WHICH WOULD DECIDE WHETHER PROP 280 IS CONSTITUTIONAL.

IT IS BEING CHALLENGED BECAUSE IT MIGHT VIOLATE THE EXISTING EXPENDITURE CAP.

MEANWHILE, PROPONENTS FEAR THE WORST AND GETS THE THUMB'S DOWN.

IT IS IT A REAL THING THAT SCHOOLS COULD CLOSE?

ABSOLUTELY.

ESPECIALLY SMALLER SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND OUTLYING AREAS AND BUT ALSO, BIG SCHOOL DISTRICTS MIGHT HAVE TO LAYOFF THE SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES BECAUSE THEY JUST DON'T HAVE THE MONEY TO CONTINUE TO PAY THEM.

THEY HAVE THE MONEY.

THEY ARE NOT ALLOWED TO SPENT IN.

WHILE IT IS WAITING TO REMEMBER THAT THE COURTS, THEY MUST DECIDE WHETHER TO OVERRIDE THE 1980 SCHOOL SPENDING CAP AND COST LIVING INCREASES HAVE OCCURRED ALONG THE WAY AND BUT THIS SPENDING CAP IS A BONE OF CONTENTION BETWEEN LIT POLITICAL PARTIES AND A BIG REASON PROP 208 TIED UP IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM.

ALL SIDES DO AGREE ON ONE THING RIGHT NOW.

THAT IT IS COMPLICATED.

IF AND WHEN THE STATE LEGISLATURE VOTES ON WAVING THE SCHOOL SPENDING GET UP IS LIKELY TO FALL ALONG PARTY LINES.

DEMOCRAT RINSE SUPPORT OF WAVING THE CAP THEN SPEAKING ON THE ISSUE EVERY DAY OF THE SESSION THEN REPUBLICAN LAWMAKERS WHEN ASKED SAID THEY HAVE NO COMMENT AT THIS TIME.

FOR MORE ON PROP 208 AND THE EDUCATION FUNDING CAP WE TALK TO THE DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENTAL THE ARIZONA ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL BUSINESS OFFICIALS.

SO GOOD >> AGAIN.

THANKS SO MUCH.

>> WHAT'S THE LATEST?

THE NUMBER OF LEGISLATURES HAVE SAID THEY WILL NOT ACT ON OVERRIDING THE CAP UNTIL PROP 280 IS DEAD OR THE CONSTITUTIONAL RULING ON PROP 280 TAKES PLACE AND SAYS IT IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

ON MONDAY, THEY HAD HEARING WITH JUDGE HANNAH AND THE SUPERIOR COURT AND ASKING HIM HE WOULD BE ABLE TO RULE BY MARCH FIRST AND BASICALLY SAID HE HAS A LOT OF OTHER CASES THAT HE IS DEALING WITH.

HE HAS MARCH TENTH DEADLINE TO RULE ON AND THE 280 RULING BUT HE, I GUESS, SORT OF SAID CANNOT GUARANTEE I COULD DO IT BY MARCH FIRST BECAUSE I HAVE OTHER DAYS AM HEARING.

>> RIGHT.

SO AGAIN, PROP 208, WHAT DOES THAT HAVE TO DO WITH LIFTING AN EDUCATION FUNDING CAP FOR MACHINE NAY IS ALREADY BEEN BUDGETED?

>> I DON'T SEE IT AND SOME OTHER PEOPLE DON'T.

OBVIOUSLY SOME ARE MAKING THAT CONNECTION.

THERE IS NOT MANY IN THE SCHOOL DISTRICT BUDGETS ON FROM PROP 208 SOL NONE OF THE REASONS THAT DISTRICTS ARE OVER THE LIMIT HAS ANYTHING TO DO WITH 208 AND CONNECTED THOSE WITH ISSUES THEN SAID THAT PUBLICLY THEY WON'T BE ABLE TO VOTE ON OVERRIDING THE AGGREGATE LIMIT IF PROP 208 HAS NOT BEEN DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

IF PROP 20LE 8 IS NOT DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL IF IT SURVIVES, WILL SOME LAWMAKERS BE LESS INCLINED TO LIFT THIS CAP?

>> THEY MAY BE.

ITS HARD TO ANSWER WHAT LEGISLATURES ARE GOING TO DO AND BUT, SOME, SOME HAVE ALREADY SAID, THEY WILL NOT VOTE TO OVERRIDE THE LIMIT OBVIOUSLY IT IS GOING TO MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT SINCE WE NEEDED A SUPER MAJORITY WE NEED TO GET TWO-THIRDS OF THE HOUSE AND THE TWO-THIRDS OF THE SENATORS VOTING IN FAVOR OF IT SO IT MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT AND I GUESS IT DOESN'T MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE THAT THERE WAS STILL 20 SENATORS AND 40 REPRESENTATIVES WHO WOULD VOTE FOR IT WITHOUT PROP 280 BEING DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BUT CERTAINLY MAKES IT A GREATER CHALLENGE AND CERTAINLY CHALLENGE IF THE LEGISLATURE REFUSES TO EVEN BRING IT UP FOR VOTE AND UNLESS 208 DECLARED UNCONDITIONAL.

THE GENERAL DISCUSSION ON THIS AND ONE REPUBLICAN LAW MA MAKER SAID THE SCHOOL DISTRICTS SHOULD HAVE SEEN THIS COMING.

DOES HE HAVE A POINT?

>> NO.

BECAUSE SCHOOL DISTRICTS DID THEIR BUDGETS BACK IN MAZE AND JUNE OR THE SCHOOL YEAR, THE BIGGEST THING THAT PUTS US OVER THE LIMIT THAT IS THE PROPOSITION 301 THE CLASSROOM SITE FUND IS NOW NO LONGER EXCEPT FROM THE LIMIT BECAUSE THE LEGISLATURE TENTH GET VOTER APPROVAL TO CONTINUE THAT PROGRAM AND THEY APPROVED IT THEMSELVES THEN NOW TUN THE LIMIT.

THAT'S THE BIGGEST REASON.

THAT WAS NOT AN ISSUE BACK IN MAY AND JUNE.

THAT ISSUE DIDN'T COME UP UNTIL THE COURTS RULED ON PROP 208 THAT THEY BASICALLY THEY SAID, THE ONLY WAY YOU CAN GET OUTSIDE OF THE AGGREGATE LIMIT TO AMENDS THE CONE SUGGESTION AND YOU CANNOT DO IT BY JUST SAYING, WE ARE PASSING THE LAW THAT MADE THE CLASSROOM SITE FUND BACK UNDER THE LIMIT THAT IS$6 TO$700MILLION BY ITSELF AND THEY DID NOT KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN WITH THE CALCULATION OF THE ALMOST MIT BECAUSE THE STUDENT COUNTS WERE NOT FINAL LIKE THEY ARE SO, THEY NOT KNOW.

OBVIOUSLY, THE LEGISLATURE DIDN'T BECAUSE THEY WOULD NOT HAVE APPROPRIATED ALL THE MONEY THEY HAVE APPROPRIATED TO FUND SCHOOLS FOR THIS YEAR AND IF THEY WERE AWARE OF THE AGGREGATE LIMIT BEING EXCITED IT WAS NOT ISSUE BACK IN THE SPRING WHEN THEY ARE DOING THEIR BUDGETS.

>> WHY IT IS ONE ANOTHER AND REPUBLICAN LAWMAKER SAY ITS THAT, THAT DISTRICTS NEED TO BE ABLE TO LIVE WITHIN THEIR MEANS AND A PART OF THIS DISCUSSION AND YOU SAY, THEY ARE LIVING WITHIN THEIR MEANS.

THEY ARE EVERYBODY WILLING WITHIN THE LEGISLATURE'S BUDGET THAT THEY HAVE APPROVED AND THE TAXPAYERS BUN MONEYS THAT ARE GOING TO SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND FOLLOWED THE FORMS THAT WERE PUT OUT BY THE STATE AND THIS WERE DONE AFTER THE LEGISLATURE FINISHED THEIR SESSION SO THEY ARE LIVING WITH WITHIN THEIR MEANS THEN, DID THE LEGISLATURE ADOPT BUDGET FOR SCHOOLS THAT WERE IN EXCESS OF WHAT THEY AGGREGATE LIMIT WAS.

NO.

THEY WERE NOT WAIVER IT BEING SHUSH THAT TIME.

SCHOOL DISTRICTS ARE LIVING WITHIN THE BUDGET THAT'S THE STATE ALLOWED THEM TO OFFER.

TO APPROVE AND THEY ARE HAVING THE MINUTES COMING TO STATES PAYING THEM AND AS IF THEY IS NO$1.1BILLION THE TAXPAYERS ARE TO BE TAXED AS IF THERE IS NO 1.1MILLION REDUCTION IN THE BUDGET.

THEY ARE DOING WHAT THE STATE BUDGETS ALLOWED THEM TO DO.

>> WELL, WORST CASE SCENARIO FOR EDUCATION.

LET'S SAY THE CAP THERE IS NO OVERRIDE AND NO WAIVER AND IT IS NOT LIFTED.

LET'S SAY THIS HAPPENS IF THAT HAPPENS, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MONEY THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO GO TO THE SCHOOLS?

>> NO ONE KNOW.

UNDER EXISTING LAW.

THEY ONLY LAW DEALS WITH HOW THOSE MONEYS GET TO THE SCHOOL BUDGET.

THERE IS NO LAW THAT SAYS WHAT HAPPENED BECAUSE NO ONE ANTICIPATED THIS TO HAPPEN.

SO THE STATED WOULD HAVE TO CHANGE THE BUT G BUDGET LAWS SOMEHOW AND SAY WE'LL CLAW BACK THE DOLLARS.

SOMEBODY WOULD BE HAVE TO PASSES A LAW AND SOME OF THE MONEY THAT THE DISTRICTS HAVE HAS TO GO BACK TO REDUCED TAXES AND THERE IS NO PROVISION FOR THAT BECAUSE NOBODY ENVISIONED THAT HAPPENING.

NO ONE IS PREPARED FOR IT BY THE FOLKS BY THE SCHOOL DISTRICT BECAUSE IT WAS NOT ENVISIONED BACK IN MAY AND JUNE WHEN DISTRICT ADAPTED THE BUDGETS AND WHEN LEGISLATURE FINISHED AND WE WERE OVER THE AGGREGATE LIMIT.

THE LIMIT IS BACKED FROM 1980 AND OVER 40 YEARS OLD AND NOBODY ELSE HAS AGGREGATE.

THE COUNTIES DON'T HAVE LIMITS THE COME IN THE COLLEGES DON'T HAVE.

THE CITIES DON'T HAVE AGGREGATE LIMITS THEN A CONSTITUTIONAL LIMIT BUT NOT BASED UPON AGGREGATE NUMBER BUT BASED ON EACH INDIVIDUAL COUNTY AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE.

CHUCK, THE LAST QUESTION HERE AND TALK ABOUT PROP 280 WHICH IS THE FOCUS TONIGHT AND IT SOUNDS AS THOUGH THE GOVERNOR AND LAWMAKERS THEY DON'T WANT TO WAIT FOREJUDGE AND THE JUDGE SAYS YOU GOT WAIT BECAUSE I GOT OTHER THINGS GOING ON HERE BEFORE I CAN MAKE DECISION BUT WANT THE SUPREME COURT TO GET INVOLVED.

THEY WANT THE SUPREME COURT TO GET INVOLVED THEN THEY 5th PROP 2008 TO BE DEAD AND BURIED AND NOT THE RIGHT TERM THEY WANT IT TO BE DEAD BEFORE THEY HAVE TO MAKE THEIR DECISION WHICH IS COMING UP ON OR BEFORE MARCH FIRST AND I BELIEVE THAT IS WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO GET THE SUPREME COURT TO DO SO THEY DON'T THEY CAN MAKE THAT DECISION WHATEVER THEIR DECISION IS GOING TO BE WITH KNOWLEDGE OF 20LE 8 BEING DEAD.

RIGHT.

THEN, AGAIN.

LAST POINT HERE, THEN, A THEY ARE SAYING IS, WE NEED TO KNOW GOING FORWARD BECAUSE WE HAVE ANOTHER BUDGET TO PREPARE FOR IN THE SESSION.

>> WELL, THEY HAVE TO DO THE FY23 BUDGET AND THERE COULD BE, YOU KNOW, THEORETICALLY,WHO THERE IS A POSSIBILITY THAT THAT IF 208 IS NOT DECLARED UNICORN STATION THERE WOULD BE DOLL LEARNS FISCAL 23 BUDGET SO YOU CAN CONNECT THOSE.

THERE IS NOT ONE PENNY THE STATE AGREES.

THE PEOPLE WHO PUT PROP 20 ON THE BALLOT AGREE AND TOLD THE COURT, THERE IS NOT A PENNY OF $2,808 IN FISCAL YEAR 22 FOR SCHOOL DISTRICTS.

CHUCK ESSEX, ARIZONA ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL BUSINESS OFFICIALS AND CHUCK, IT IS A PLEASURE.

GOOD STUFF.

ALWAYS PLEASURE TALKING TO YOU.

WE ARE SO GLAD YOU ARE CAN GET THIS INFORMATION OUT TO THE PUBLIC SO THEY UNDSTAND THE ISSUES.

THANK YOU, THEN.

THANK YOU.

TED: OUR SERIES OF INTERVIEWS HONORING BLACK HISTORY MONTH CONTINUES TONIGHT AS WE VISIT WITH JULIUS WILLIAMS JR., AND HEAR ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCES GROWING UP IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, BECOMING A LIFE-LONG EDUCATOR AND HOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED OVER THE LIFETIME.

LET'S START WITH BLACK HISTORY MONTH AND WHAT DOES BLACK HISTORY MONTH MEAN TO YOU?

>> IT IS ABOUT HISTORY.

IT IS ABOUT WHERE WE WERE.

ROOM WE ARE.

ROOM WE ARE GOING.

LOOKING FORWARD TO MOVING FORWARD WITH THAT.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT YOU.

BORN IN MONTGOMERY ALABAMA, WHAT ARE YOUR MEMORIES OF THAT TIME AS A CHILD?

>> THINKING ABOUT WHAT IT WAS LIKE GROWING UP AND THEN HAT TIME, AND HAVING NO ELECTRICITY, NO RUNNING WATER, OUTDOOR PLUMBING, THEN I REMEMBER THOSE TIMES.

YEAH.

YEAH.

THOSE YEARS.

YEAH.

AND LIVING IN THREE-ROOM HOUSE, THERE WERE ABILITY OF US.

IT KIDS.

I HAVE FIVE SISTERS.

6:00 TWO BROTHERS.

THEN MOM AND DAD.

SO WE ALL LIVED IN THREE HOUSE, THREE-ROOM HOUSE.

MY DAD ADDED AN ADDITIONAL HOUSE AND THAT BAM THE KITCHEN EVENTUALLY AND SO I HAVE A LOT OF MEMORIES THEN AROUND THE CORNER WAS GROCERY STORE WHERE I OUTED TO WORK GIVING EMPLOYER THE DINER GAVE ME THE FIRST JOB, REAL JOB, AND WHERE I USED TO DELIVER GROCERIES TO CUSTOMERS AND NEXT DOOR, IT WAS BARBERSHOP CALLED THE BROTHERS.

THAT IS WHAT DR.KING USED TO GO TO GET HIS HAIRCUT AND TALK POLITICS WITH THE BARBERS AND WHEN HE CAME TO MONTGOMERY IN 1955 I BELIEVE IT WAS.

SO THERE IS A LOFT MEMORIES THEN IT WAS ABOUT TWO BLOCKS FROM THE CAMPUS OF ALABAMA STATE, SO I HAD A LOT OF STUDENTS FROM THAT ERA AND BACK IN THE '50'S AND THE 60'S THEN ESPECIALLY THE 60'S BECAUSE IT IS WHERE WENT TO SCHOOL.

YEAH.

YEAH.

THAT IS A LOT OF MEMORIES THAT I HAVE IN THAT AREA.

AS A CHILD.

>> GO AHEAD.

>> PARDON ME.

>> PLEASE CONTINUE.

>> I HAVE A COUPLE, I HAVE TWO DAUGHTERS THAT CONDUCT INTERVIEWS AND I AM CONSTANTLY TALKING ABOUT WHAT THOSE DAYS WERE LIKE AND WHAT IT WATTS LIKE GROWING UP.

THEY ASKED A LOT OF QUESTIONS AND WANT TOP KNOW HISTORIES OF WHAT IT WAS LAKE AND WHAT IT HAS BEEN LIKE GOING FORWARD TO THEM AND THEY MOVE FORWARD IN LIFE.

WHEN YOU WERE YOUNGER AS CHILD, GRADUATING FROM HIGH SCHOOL, THERE, THEN IN 1962, THEN YOU SAID YOU ATTENDED ALABAMA STATE AND THEN, GRADUATE, THEN, WHEN YOU WERE YOUNGER, THOUGH, IT DID FEEL LIKE CHANGE WAS IN THE AIR?

>> IT DID.

IT DID.

IT DIDN'T.

I WAS, I WAS HEAVILY INVOLVED IN A LOT OF THE MARCHESES THAT WERE TAKING PLACE IN MONTGOMERY DURING THE'S.

>> 'S AND ESPECIALLY AROUND THE BUSBOY COT PERIOD WHEN THEY HAD WHEN DURING THE BUS, WE HAD MANY OF THE CHURCHES BROUGHT STATION WAGONS TO TRANSPORT THINK NIGHED THE DOMESTIC JOBS AND MY GRANDMOTHER WOULD BECAUSE WE LIVE SO CLOSE TO DOWNTOWN MONTGOMERY AND I USED TO EXPLORE MY SISTERS TO WHEREVER THEY WERE GOING.

THEY NEVER TOOK IT END ANYWHERE BECAUSE BE WERE CLOSE TO THE STATE CAPITOL.

DEXTER AVENUE AND THE MAIN DRAG IN MONTGOMERY AND TOLD US FROM THE SQUARE OF THE CITY AND TO THE STATE HOUSE OF THE STATE CAPITOL AND ACROSS THE SAFE AND THERE IS A LOT OF HISTORY IN THAT MR ARE AREA AND THOSE BUILDINGS ARE STILL STANDING AND GOT THE FIRST AND NEXT DOOR THAT WAS ARCHIVES IN HISTORY BUILDING AND THEY USED TO FREQUENT THEN, DOWN, WE HAVE THE MARTIN LUTHER DING MEMORIAL AND DOWN THE STRIP AND AROUND THE CORNERS TO THE BAPTIST CHURCH SO ALL OF THOSE THINGS ARE STILL HAN STAPPING AND THOSE ARE THERE.

AND I USED TO FREQUENT THOSE AND INTEND TO GO BACK FROM SOMETIMES SOON.

AND TAKE MORE PHOTOGRAPHS AND THAT HAVE MISPLAYED OVER THE YEARS I LIKE TO HAVE.

>> YEAH, JULIUS, LAST QUESTION HERE.

YOU BECAME AN ART TEACHER AND BLENDED ART'S EDUCATION THE GOAL OF HELPING OTHERS TO SUCCEED AND, YOU LIVED QUITE LIFE HERE IN SCOTTSDALE NOW.

WHAT HAS CHANGED OVER YOUR LIFETIME AND WHAT STILL NEEDS TO BE BE CHANGED?

HERE IN AMERICA.

>> THAT IS A VERY GOOD QUESTION, TED.

THEY NEED TO KNOW A LOT ABOUT HISTORY.

THEY NEED TO LEARN AND READ ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE AND WHAT THE UPBRIDGING WAS LIKE AND NEED TO SHARE THAT INFORMATION IN A FLOW IS A MOVEMENT BUT NOW WHERE CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS, CERTAIN COMMUNITIES DON'T WANT THEIR CHILDREN TO LEARN ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THINGS LIKE THE HOLOCAUST AND THE CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND THOSE THINGS, YOU KNOW, BEING LOOKED AT AND CHALLENGED WITHIN OUR LEARNING TO TAKE THOSE THINGS OUT OF THE CURRICULUM AND THE SCHOOL OF TEACHING ANYTHING OF THAT NATURE AND NEEDED TO LEARN TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE WORLD WAS CREATED AND HOW PEOPLE SYSTEM, UM, CHOSE TO-- DARNEL NOT SURE EXACTLY IF I AM MAKING A POINT, I THINK LEARN TO LOVE ONE ANOTHER I THINKS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING AND AS WE SHOULD DO NOW.

>> AND THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY JULIUS, WILLIAMS JR. AND FOR TREMENDOUS LIFE AND CONGRATS ON A TREMENDOUS LIFE AND THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR END HELPING US HONOR BLACK HISTORY MONTH, THANK YOU, SIR.

WELCOME, TED.

HAVE A GOOD DAY.

>> I AM JUDY WOODRUFF.

BELARUS AS THE TENSIONS WITH UKRAINE COMING UP AFTER YOUR HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS ON ARIZONA'S HORIZONS.

I AM TED SIMONS.

THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

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