>> COMING UP IN THE NEXT HALF HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS ON ARIZONA PBS, ON ARIZONA HORIZON, HOW THE RECENTLY PASSED INFLATION REDUCTION ACT COULD SPLASH PRESCRIPTION DRUG COSTS.

GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

A FEDERAL MAGISTRATE TODAY SET THE STAGE FOR A POSSIBLE RELEASE OF THE AFFIDAVIT THAT LET LEAD TO THE SEARCH OF FORMER PRESIDENT TRUMP'S MAR-A-LAGO HOME FOR DOCUMENTS.

THEY SAID THIS WILL BE A CONSIDERATE PROCESS AS THEY WILL REVIEW A REDACTED VERSION FOR RELEASE.

THE TRUMP CAMPAIGN IS SEEKING THE RELEASE AS A CONSORTIUM OF MEDIA OUTLETS AND THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT CAN APPEAL IF THE MAGISTRATE DECIDES TO RELEASE IT.

>>> WE SHOULD SEE A LOT OF MONSOON ACTIVITY ACROSS ARIZONA.

FORECASTERS SAY RAINS ARE EXPECTED TO BE HEAVY AND A FLASH FLOOD WATCH ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FROM LATE FRIDAY MORNING THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT.

UP TO TWO INCHES COULD FALL WITH SOME PARTS OF EASTERN ARIZONA TO GET UP TO THREE INCHES OF RAIN.

>>> WHEN PRESIDENT BIDEN SIGNED THE INFLATION REDUCTION BILL, HE PROMISED IT WOULD LOWER THE PRESCRIPTION ACT.

THIS WILLJOINING US WITH WHAT THIS WILL MANY FOR OLDER AMERICANS IS DANA MARIE KENNEDY FOR AARP ARIZONA AND THANK YOU FOR COMING ON.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME, LAUREN.

>> I KNOW YOU HAVE BEEN WORKING ON THIS ISSUE FOR A LONG TIME AND I WANT TO BEGIN WITH YOUR REACTION AND HOW IMPORTANT IS THIS FOR YOU AND OLDER AMERICANS?

>> THIS IS HISTORIC.

I'VE BEEN WORKING ON THIS ISSUE FOR 24 YEARS, MY FIRST JOB OUT OF COLLEGE AT GRADUATE SCHOOL AND THIS WILL CAP OUT OF POCKET FOR SENIOR, MEDICARE AND INSULIN, CAPPED TO $35 A MONTH FOR A SENIOR ON MEDICARE AND THERE ARE ALSO SOME -- IF A DRUG COMPANY INCREASES COSTS MORE THAN INFLATION, THEY HAVE TO PAY THE GOVERNMENT BACK.

PIT ALLOWSIT ALLOWS MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE FOR LOWER PRICES.

WE'VE BEEN TRYING TO GET THIS DONE FOR 19 YEARS.

THEY ACTUALLY INSERTED LANGUAGE THAT GAVE PHARMA A BLANK CHECK TO CHARGE PEOPLE AS MUCH AS THEY WANTED BY NOT ALLOWING MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE FOR THE LOWEST COST.

>> TAKE US BEHIND THE SCENES THIS IS SOMETHING YOU'VE BEEN WORKING ON FOR A LONG TIME.

YOU WERE MEETING WITH SENATORS AS THIS WAS NEGOTIATED.

WHAT WAS THIS LIKE?

>> AAR LAUNCHED THIS AND WE VISITED ALL OF OUR MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND WE TALKED TO THEM ABOUT THIS ISSUE AND STARTED TO REALLY RAISE THE ISSUES AND IT WILL SAVE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS.

SO WE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE REALLY EASY.

SO WE KNOW ONCE THE FEDERAL LEGISLATION FOR BUILD-BACK-BETTER, IT WAS NOT IN IT.

AND WE REALLY RAISE THE A LOT OF MEMBERS -- RAISED THEIR VOICES.

WE ENDED UP HAVING OVER EIGHT MILLION CONTACTS WITH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.

AND WE HAD PETITION SIGNATURES THAT WE DELIVERED TO THEIR OFFICES AND WE ALSO DID LOBBY VISITS.

WE TWEETED.

WE MET IN-PERSON AND MADE PHONE CALLS AND WE FLOODED THEIR PHONES OFF THE HOOK WITH OUR MEMBERS.

SO WE HAVE 38 MILLION MEMBERS NATIONALLY AND 900 MILLION MEMBERS IN ARIZONA.

A WEEK BEFORE IT PASSED, THEY ASKED ME TO COME TO D.C. TO MEET WITH SENATOR SINEMA AS WELL AS SENATOR KELLY.

I BOOKED MY FLIGHT, CONTACTED THEIR STAFF AND REQUESTED A MEETING AND SAID THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT.

I BROUGHT THE FORMER ACCESS DIRECTOR, ONE OF OUR KEY LOBBYISTS, DR. LYNN KERSHNER.

WE HAD MEETINGS WITH SENATOR KELLY.

THAT WAS MONDAY, WE FLEW ON TUESDAY AND MET WITH SENATOR KELLY ON WEDNESDAY.

AND THEN AFTER THAT MEETING, WITH MET WITH SENATOR SINEMA.

SO WE MET WITH HER OUTSIDE THE CAPITOL.

WHAT PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE, THE CAPITOL IS ABSOLUTELY CLOSED DOWN TO PUBLIC THESE DAYS.

SO YOU CANNOT GET IN THE CAPITOL UNLESS YOU HAVE A MEETING WITH A MEMBER OF CONGRESS AND YOU CAN'T GET A MEETING UNLESS YOU KNOW THEIR STAFF.

WE HAVE DEVELOPED RELATIONSHIPS WITH ALL MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.

THAT HELPED US IN SECURING A MEETING.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT WHERE THE RUBBER HITS THE ROAD HERE.

AS YOU SAY, THESE ARE IMPORTANT CHANGES FOR PEOPLE.

WHAT IS IT LIKE, I GUESS, STILL AND HOW OFTEN IS IT THAT ALL OF THE PEOPLE IN THE COUNTRY CAN'T AFFORD THEIR PRESCRIPTIONS?

>> SO SOME PEOPLE ARE PAYING A LOT OF MONEY OUT OF POCKET AND MAKING HARSH CHOICES BEING ABLE TO AFFORD.

PEOPLE WITH MS, WE HAD A MEETING WITH SENATOR KELLY AND ONE MEMBER HAS MS AND CAN'T AFFORD MEDICATION AND STOPPED TAKING IT.

THIS WILL ALLOW HER TO TAKE IT AGAIN.

IT DOESN'T PASS IMMEDIATELY.

WELL, IT PASSED AND GOT SIGNED INTO LAW AND DOESN'T GO INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IMMEDIATELY, IF DRUG COMPANIES CHARGE MORE THAN THEY SHOULD, MORE THAN INFLATION, THEY WILL HAVE TO PAY THE GOVERNMENT BACK.

AND SO IN 2025, WE'LL HAVE THE CAP IN PLACE AND ALLOW MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE.

I WAS JUST AT A MEETING WITH OUR UNITED STATES HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE'S SECRETARY.

AND HE WILL BE ABLE TO NEGOTIATE.

SO IT'S GOING TO BE IN STAGES AND RIGHT NOW, THE TOP TEN MEDICATIONS THAT PEOPLE TAKE, HE WILL BE ABLE TO USE HIS OFFICE TO BE ABLE TO NEGOTIATE THE LOWEST PRICES JUST LIKE THE VA DOES.

>> WHAT ARE YOU HEARING FROM PEOPLE AND WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

>> I MYSELF DON'T BELIEVE IT.

I KNOW PARMA WILL TRY PHARMA WILL FIGHT THIS.

WE BELIEVE THERE WILL BE A LEGAL FIGHT AND WE'RE LETTING PEOPLE WILL KNOW WHAT WILL BE IN THIS BILL AND THAT THIS GETS LEGALLY INSTITUTED.

>> LOOKING FORWARD, IF THIS DOES GO INTO EFFECT A COUPLE YEARS DOWN THE ROAD, AS YOU SAY, HOW DOES THIS BALANCE THE PLAYING FIELD?

>> IT WILL ALLOW MEDICARE TO NEGOTIATE THE LOWEST PRICES.

WE PAY FOR WHATEVER PRICE MEDICARE GETS CHARGED AND SO THIS WILL REDUCE THE COST THAT MEDICARE, WILL SAVE MEDICARE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS.

A SENIOR PAYING UP TO $10,000 OUT OF POCKET WILL HAVE TO PAY TWO THOUSAND AND THAT'S A LOT FOR SOME PEOPLE, BUT AT LEAST IT'S CAPPED AT TWO THOUSAND DOLLARS AND CAN'T BE CHARGED MORE THAN THAT.

INSULIN, THAT WILL BE INSTITUTED SOONER AND THAT WILL BE $35 A MONTH THAT IT'S CAPPED FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE ON MEDICARE.

WE HAVE A FIGHT TO MAKE SURE EVERYBODY ON INSULIN GETS A FAIR PRICE, BUT WE HOPE THIS IS A STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.

>> DANA MARIE KENNEDY, AARP ARIZONA, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> WE LOOK AT A RECENT SURVEY AT WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE ECONOMY.

>> THE LOGISTIC'S MANAGER INDEX IS THOSE IN CHARGE OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN FOR THEIR ORGANIZATIONS.

IT PROVIDES INFORMATION ON LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATORS THAT CAN HELP ECONOMIERS PREDICT ECONOMIC CHANGES.

WITH SOME COOLING IN ECONOMIC GROWTH, HERE TO TELL US MORE IS A PROFESSOR AT ASU'S SCHOOL OF BUSINESS.

LET'S BEGIN WITH AN EXPLAINER AND EXPLAIN WHAT THE LOGISTIC'S MANAGER IS AND HOW IT'S MEASURED.

>> WELL, IT'S A SURVEY OF HEADS OF SUPPLY CHAIN ORGANIZATIONS.

YOU KNOW, A LOT OF TIMES, WE MEASURE THE ECONOMY AND USUALLY WE MEASURE THE ECONOMY USING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GDP.

THAT'S A LAGGING INDICATER AND TELLS WHAT HAPPENED AND IT DOESN'T TELL YOU WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.

SO BEFORE SOMEONE BUYS SOMETHING AT RETAIL, WHICH WOULD BE INCLUDED IN GDP, IT'S GOT TO GET ON A TRUCK AND MAYBE A SHIP AND IT HAS TO BE IN A WAREHOUSE AND IT'S PART OF SOMEBODY'S INVENTORY.

WE MEASURE LOGISTICS TO SEE IF WE CAN FIGURE OUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.

SO FAR IN SIX YEARS, WE'VE BEEN PRETTY ACCURATE.

>> WHAT'SWHAT DOES THE LATEST REPORT TELL US?

>> IT'S INTERESTING.

SO FOR MOST OF 2022, WE'VE SEEN A LITTLE SUBTLE COOLING AND THEN IN JULY, WE SAW THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF COOLING.

SO UP UNTIL JULY, ALL OF THE COMPONENTS WERE GROWING AND WHAT'S INTERESTING IS THE FIRST THREE WEEKS OF JULY, WE SAW A LOT OF COOLING AND THEN THE LAST WEEK OF JULY, WHICH COINCIDES WITH THE STOCK MARKET RALLY, WHICH THE LAST FEW WEEKS HAVE BEEN GREAT, WE SAW AN UPTICK AGAIN.

SO OVERALL, JULY WAS COOLER AND THE LAST WEEK WAS DIFFERENT THAN THE FIRST THREE WEEKS IN TERMS OF WHAT PEOPLE ARE SEEING.

>> WE'VE HEARD SO MUCH LATELY ABOUT THE SUPPLY CHAIN, ABOUT THE DELAYS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN AND ISSUES GETTING THE PRODUCTS THAT PEOPLE NEED AND THE EFFECTS OF THAT ON THE BROADER ECONOMY.

SO IF THERE ARE LAGS IN THESE INDICATORS, WHAT DOES THAT SAY ABOUT WHAT THE SUPPLY CHAIN LOOKS LIKE AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE CONSUMERS?

>> THE SUPPLY CHAIN IS A COMPLEX THING AND WE GET A LOT FROM OVERSEAS AND WE'VE HAD HUGE DISRUPTIONS.

WAY MORE SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS THAN WE USED TO JUST IN GENERAL.

AND THEN, OF COURSE, BECAUSE OF COVID, IT'S BEEN WORSE.

COVID AND THE WAR IF UKRAINE HAS BEEN DISASTROUS FOR A LOT OF THE WORLD.

THE UKRAINIAN WAR HAS NOT AFFECTED US IN THE U.S. AS SAY IN AFRICA.

I HAVE A BIG PROJECT IN AFRICA AND THE PRICE OF BREAD IS 70% HIGHER THAN BEFORE THE WAR STARTED.

SO WE'RE SEEING A LOT OF DISRUPTIONS.

IN THE EARLY SUMMER, SHANGHAI WAS SHUT DOWN AND OUT OF SHANGHAI AND THE FACTORIES OUT OF SHANGHAI.

THERE'S COMPLEX SUPPLY CHAINS THAT ARE SUPPLYING WHAT WE NEED.

AN EXAMPLE IS VEHICLES.

I'M LOOKING FOR A NEW CONVERTIBLE AND MAN, I CAN'T FIND ONE BECAUSE OF THE CHIP SHORTAGE FROM REALLY A COUPLE YEARS AGO AND THE CAR COMPANIES CANCELED ALL ORDERS AND THEY HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO GET CHIP SUPPLIES BECAUSE AT THE SAME TIME VEHICLE PURCHASES WENT DOWN IN 2020, THE SKYROCKETING PURCHASES OF COMPUTERS BECAUSE EVERYBODY STAYED HOME AND COMPETITION FOR THE CHIPS.

SO IT'S A COMPLEX SORT OF ECOSYSTEM THAT HAS BEEN REALLY DAMAGED THE LAST FEW YEARS.

>> SO, OBVIOUSLY, THE PANDEMIC HAS PLAYED A ROLE IN THAT AND HOW DOES INFLATION FACTOR IN?

>> WELL, THE INTERESTING THING IS THAT INFLATION HURTS, BUT ACTUALLY, THE SUPPLY CHAIN PROBLEMS ARE THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN HALF OF INFLATION.

SO THE TRADITIONAL INFLATION, PROBABLY BACK BEFORE YOU BORN AND I WAS A YOUNGER BUY GUY IN THE.

THE '70S, THAT WAS DEMAND.

BECAUSE THERE'S A SCARCITY LIKE CARS AND LIKE COMPUTER CHIPS AND SO ON, THAT THE PRICE OF THE ITEMS, WHEN IT'S SCARCE, IT INCREASES.

YOU KNOW, THE FUEL ISSUES, THE FUEL COST GOING HIGH, DURING THE PANDEMIC PEOPLE WEREN'T DRIVING AS MUCH AND THE OIL COMPANIES TOOK A MILLION BARRELS A DAY OUT OF PRODUCTION AND SO IT'S SUPPLY-BASED INFLATION.

OF COURSE, ABOUT A POINT OF INFLATION HAS BEEN THE CRAZY TARIFFS THAT WERE PUT ON BY THE LAST ADMINISTRATION AND THEN NOT YET TAKEN OFF BY THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.

AND IF YOU DID THAT TOMORROW, THAT WOULD PROBABLY TAKE A POINT, POINT AND A HALF OFF OF INFLATION.

>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR EXPERTISE ON THIS.

I APPRECIATE IT.

>> NICE TO BE WITH YOU.

♪♪ >> THE TRIPLE DIGIT TEMPERATURES WE SEE IN PHOENIX EACH SUMMER TAKE A TOLL ON THE VALLEY'S HOMELESS POPULATION.

THE MARICOPA COUNTY HOMELESS POPULATION SAYS UNHOUSED PEOPLE DIED IN 2021 AND HERE ABOUT WHAT'S BEING DONE TO HELP IN THE VALLEY IS AN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE HUMAN SERVICE'S CAMPUS.

HI, AMY.

>> HI.

>> I WANT TO ASK ABOUT THE INCREASE IN HOMELESSNESS OF LATE.

WE'VE SEEN A MASSIVE RISE AS HAS HAPPENED ACROSS A LOT OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE PANDEMIC AND WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

>> HERE IN MARICOPA COUNTY, UNSHELTERED HOMELESSNESS IS UP 35% AND IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE CAMPUS IN DOWNTOWN PHOENIX, OUR STREET OUTREACH TEAM, THEY DO A WEEKLY COUNT AND WE WERE OVER A THOUSAND UNSHELTERED PEOPLE A COUPLE MONTHS AGO AND STEADY, OVER 800 PEOPLE EVERY WEEK.

IN ADDITION TO ABOUT 900AND THAT MEANS WE HAVE 1700TO 1800 PEOPLE JUST IN OUR 85507 ZIP CODE.

>> THAT'S A BIG INCREASE AND YOU CAN SEE IT'S LARGER DOWNTOWN, AS YOU'RE SAYING.

I WANT TO ASK BEFORE WE GET INTO THE REST OF THIS, WHAT'S LEAD TO THIS?

YOU SEE AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND THE.IS ANTHE PANDEMIC IS AN ISSUE.

>> MORE FIRST-TIME HOMELESS AND PEOPLE HAVE NEVER BEEN IN THIS SITUATION BEFORE.

WHEN DANA WAS TALKING ABOUT SENIORS AND PRESCRIPTION DRUG COSTS AND AS INFLATION, THESE ARE INTERESTING TOPICS.

PEOPLE NEVER BEING ABLE TO AFFORD ALL OF THEIR LIVING EXPENSES AND NOT ABLE TO AFFORD THEIR RENT.

PEOPLE ARE RESILIENT AND COUCH SURF AND LIVE IN THEIR VEHICLES AND PEOPLE CAN'T GET IT TOGETHER AND GET BACK ON THEIR FEET.

WHILE, YES, POPULATION IN MARICOPA COUNTY IS GOING UP FOR DECADES, THE CREATION OF HOUSING IN GENERAL HASN'T MATCHED THAT POPULATION GROWTH AND THE CREATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING HASN'T MATCHED THAT GROWTH.

WE HAVE A PANDEMIC ON TOP OF THAT AND IT IS THE PERFECT STORM OF DYNAMICS COMING TOGETHER THAT, UNFORTUNATELY, LEADS PEOPLE TO BEING UNHOUSED.

>> SO, THEN, OBVIOUSLY, VERY HOT HERE IN THE SUMMER AND THIS HAPPENS EVERY YEAR AND WE'RE GETTING HOTTER EVERY YEAR, AS WELL, AND WHAT CROSSES YOUR MIND AND CONCERNED AND THINKING ABOUT AS YOU WATCH THE TEMPERATURES?

>> IT'S CONCERNING AND TO WATCH PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN TARPS AND TENTS AND THEY GET CREATIVE WITH GENERATORS AND PLUGGING THINGS INTO ELECTRIC SUPPLIES THEY SHOULDN'T BE.

THIS YEAR, THOUGH, WITH THE CITY OF PHOENIX, MARICOPA COUNTY AND PROVIDERS ACROSS THE COUNTY, WE WORKED ON HEAT RELIEF STATIONS EARLIER THAN THE PAST YEARS AND THAT MADE A GREAT DIFFERENCE.

THERE'S AREAS PEOPLE CAN GO UNDER TENTS AND CANOPIES AND SIT AT TABLES AND ACCESS TO WATER AND THAT'S WHY OUTREACH TEAMS CAN ENGAGE PEOPLE AND SAY, DO YOU WANT TO GO INTO A SHELTER?

DO WE NEED TO CALL AN EMT FOR YOU?

DO YOU NEED TO GO TO THE HOSPITAL?

I THINK IT'S CREATED A WAY TO HAVE MORE OPPORTUNITY TO REALLY ASK PEOPLE HOW THEY'RE DOING AND WHAT DO YOU NEED?

WE JUST CAN'T KEEP UP WITH THE GROWTH.

THIS NUMBER OF PEOPLE UNSHELTERED THIS AUGUST IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD, THIS IS NEARLY THREE TIMES AS MUCH AS IT WAS ONE YEAR AGO.

>> SO WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?

YOU MENTIONED COOLING CENTERS AND MORE BEDS AVAILABLE THAN IN THE PAST AND WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE IN THAT FRONT IN TERMS OF THE EFFORTS OUT THERE?

>> FOR ME, WE HAVE TO KEEP MORE PEOPLE HOUSED AND FIGURE OUT HOW TO STOP PEOPLE FROM GETTING EVICTED AND HOW TO CONTROL COSTS OR HELP TO CAP COSTS THAT PEOPLE CAN'T AFFORD INCREASES IN THEIR BASIC LIVING EXPENSES.

IF EVICTIONS CONTINUE TO INCREASE AND THE EXPERIENCE OF HOMELESSNESS CONTINUES, THAT NUMBER, IN MY OPINION, IN MY GUT, IT WILL GROW AND IT MIGHT BE ANOTHER YEAR OR TWO AND IF WE'RE NOT HELPING PEOPLE STAY IN THE HOUSING THEY HAVE, WE'RE FACING A DEVASTATING EFFECT.

IT WILL BE IN EVERY COMMUNITY.

PEOPLE ARE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS ALL ACROSS MARICOPA COINCIDENT.

COUNTY.

IT'S IN EVERY TOWN.

MY CONCERN IS IF WE'RE NOT TAKING MORE PROACTIVE MEASURE TO STAY HOUSED, THAT WILL INCREASE AND IT'S MUCH HARDER TO HELP SOMEONE FIND NEW HOUSING ONCE THEY'VE LOST THEIR HOUSING THAN TO STAY IN THE HOUSING THEY ALREADY HAVE.

>> SO, OBVIOUSLY, SOME OF THE BIG PICTURE PROBLEMS THAT ARE TOP OF MIND FOR YOU, WHAT CAN BE DONE IN A MORE SHORT-TERM SENSE?

IS IT ABOUT FUNDING OR BROADER PROGRAMS?

ARE THERE POLICY THINGS THEY CAN DO?

>> THERE ARE POLICY THINGS WE CAN DO AND WORKING ON POLICY RELATED TO ZONING TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOUSING OPTIONS.

THERE ARE TWO LOCAL INITIATIVES ON SHARED HOUSING THAT ARE ABOUT HELPING ABOUT PAIRING PIPE UP IN ROOMMATE SITUATIONS TO MAKE BETTER USAGE OF VACANT APARTMENTS IN THE COMMUNITY.

I GUESS ASKING PEOPLE IF THEY HAVE ACCESS TO A PROPERTY, WHAT'S A CREATIVE USAGE TO ALLOW PEOPLE TO STAY AND LIVE THERE.

WE'VE BEEN DOING BRIDGE HOUSING OVER THE LAST TWO YEARS, WHICH IS SHORT-TERM STAYS USING HOTEL, HOTEL ROOMS.

HOTEL,MOTEL ROOMS ANYONE IS ABOUT.THIS ABOUT WHERE IS THE SUPPORT IN THE COMMUNITY.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> ANOTHER POWERFUL EDITION OF ARIZONA HORIZON.

THIS IS A PART OF THE PUBLIC