>> Ted: ON ARIZONA HORIZON, WE'LL LEARN MORE ABOUT A PROJECT THAT GIVES PEOPLE A CHANCE TO SHARE THEIR COVID STORIES AND LATER IN THE HOUR, WHY BLACK SUICIDES ARE ON THE RISE AND THAT'S AHEAD ON ARIZONA PBS.

GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

A NUMBER OF NEWS ORGANIZATIONS ARE JOINING THE ACLU AND FIGHTING A NEW STATE LAW THAT BANS LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS WITHIN EIGHT FEET OF POLICE ACTIVITY AND THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC WITH TV NEWS STATIONS IN PHOENIX AND TUCSON JOINED A COMPLAINT IN DISTRICT COURT ALLEGING THAT THE NEW LAW VIOLATES THE FIRST AND 14th 14th AMENDMENTS.

THE PLAINTIFFS FILED FOR AN INJUNCTION TO KEEP IT FROM BEING ENFORCED ONCE IT TAKES EFFECT.

IT CALLS FOR MISDEMEANOR CHARGES TO GETTING CLOSE TO EIGHT FEET OF POLICE ACTIVITY AND REFUSING VERBAL WARNINGS TO MOVE BACK.

>>> TWO MEN OF GUILTY TO KIDNAP GOVERNOR WHITNER TWO YEARS AGO AND FACE LIFE IN PRISON.

RESPONSE FROM THE FBI AFTER THE VERDICT.

>> HERE IN AMERICA, IF YOU DISAGREE WITH YOUR GOVERNMENT, YOU HAVE OPTIONS.

NOW YOU CAN CRITICIZE YOUR GOVERNMENT.

YOU CAN PROTEST.

YOU CAN VOTE YOUR ELECTED OFFICIALS OUT OF OFFICE.

HOWEVER, WHAT YOU CANNOT DO IS PLAN OR COMMIT ACTS OF VIOLENCE.

>> PROSECUTORS SAY THAT THE MEN PLANNED TO KIDNAP HER AS A, QUOTE, SECOND AMERICAN CIVIL WAR AND SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

>>> ECONOMIC NEWS, NEW HOME SALES FELL 12.5% ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS BUREAU AND COMES AS HOMES INCREASED BY $30,000 AND SLOWING NEW HOME SALES, THE AVERAGE INTEREST RATE FOR A 30-YEAR FIXED MORTGAGE WAS ABOVE 5% FOR MOST OF JULY.

>>> A TASK FORCE ANNOUNCED THE GUIDELINES ON USING STATINS FOR HEART ATTACKS AND STROKE AND THEY'RE BACKED UP BY RESEARCH.

IT REPORTS TO ADULTS AGED 40 TO 75 WHO HAVE ONE OR MORE RISK FACTORSFUL CARDIOVASCULAR ANDFACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

THEY INCLUDE, DIABETES, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, SMOKING AND HIGH CHOLESTEROL.

IT'S A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH TO STROKE.

>>> THE MARICOPA COUNTY HAS A CHANCE OF SHARING STORIES TO DEALING WITH COVID CALLED COVID STORIES, VOICES OF MARICOPA COUNTY AND HERE WITH MORE IS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT'S LILY ANNA.

>> SO THIS IS PART OF OUR COMMUNITY HELP NEED'S ASSESSMENT WORK THAT WE DO EVERY THREE YEARS.

WE DO COMMUNITY ASSESSMENTS EVERY THREE YEARS AND WE DID ONE DURING THE PEAK OF COVID TO GATHER A LOT OF GREAT DATA ABOUT WHAT WAS HAPPENING AND WE ASKED PEOPLE TO TELL US YOUR STORY.

SO THEY SHARED.

>> IT'S A COMBINED SURVEY IN STORE-TELLING PROJECT.

>> YES.

SO WE WANTED TO BE ABLE TO SHOW OUR POPULATION DATA, LIKE POPULATION HEALTH DATA, WHAT'S HAPPENING.

BUT THEN ALSO BE ABLE TO ALIGN IT WITH THE STORIES THAT PEOPLE ARE SHARING.

BECAUSE A LOT OF TIMES WHEN WE SEE THE NUMBERS, THEY DON'T MEAN A LOT UNTIL WE SEE THE STORIES BEHIND THOSE NUMBERS.

>> INDEED.

WAS THERE A SPARK AND DID SOMEONE SAY, YOU FOE, KNOW, WE HAVE THE STUFF AND LET USE IT?

>> WE WERE SURPRISED AND LEFT AN OPEN-ENDED QUESTION IN OUR SURVEY AND WE HAD OVER 4500 PEOPLE RESPOND WITH STORIES, WITH THEIR EXPERIENCES AND WE REALIZED WE HAD TO DO SOMETHING WITH IT.

SO WE WORKED WITH SOME OF OUR PARTNERS TO PUT TOGETHER A DASHBOARD TO SHARE THOSE STORIES.

>> Ted: TALK ABOUT THE DASHBOARD AND FOR THOSE THAT AREN'T THE TECH SAVVIESTS AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

>> SO THE DASHBOARD, THE WAY IT'S SET UP, FIRST OF ALL, NOT EVERYONE IS ON THERE BECAUSE WE'RE PUTTING IT IN.

SO THERE'S A COUPLE OF BARS ON THE SIDE THAT GIVE YOU THE PRIORITY AREA AND SOME OF THE THINGS TO LOOK FOR AND YOU CAN CLICK AROUND THERE AND AS YOU'RE READING THROUGH, YOU SEE THE DATA THAT CAME OUT OF THE SURVEY WITH QUOTES FROM PEOPLE AND HOW THAT TIES BACK.

THERE'S LIKE A CIRCULAR THING -- SORRY.

>> Ted: BUT I'M TRYING TO GET THIS RIGHT BECAUSE I GET THESE TECH THINGS WRONG ALL THE TIME.

IF YOU'RE A NONPARTICIPANT, YOU CAN GO TO ONE SIDE AND HOW IS IT CATEGORIZED?

IS IT IN GENERAL?

>> IT'S KIND OF THE THEMES OF THE COMMENTS WE RECEIVE.

SO SOME OF IT WAS AROUND HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND SOME OF IT WAS AROUND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT AND ALSO OTHER ISSUES THAT REALLY BUBBLED TO THE TOP.

SO AS PEOPLE ARE GOING THROUGH, THEY CAN LOOK AT IT THROUGH THE DIFFERENT THEMES IN THE STORIES AND ALONG WITH THE DATA.

>> Ted: IS THE PROJECT STILL GOING ON, BY THE WAY?

>> SO THIS IS A LIVING DASHBOARD AND WE WANT PEOPLE TO CONTINUE TO SHARE THEIR STORIES AND WE'RE DEALING WITH COVID AND THE RECOVERY OF COVID.

A LOT OF THE STORIES THAT PEOPLE HAVE SHARED HAVE LONG IMPACTS AND SO WE HAVE STORIES FROM PEOPLE WHO STRUGGLE WITH GETTING ACCESS TO GEAR DURING THE PEAK OF THE PANDEMIC AND COULDN'T GET HEALTH SCREENINGS AND FOUND OUT THEY HAD CANCER.

AND THAT IMPACTED THEIR TREATMENT OPTIONS AND FOR SOME THEIR LIVES.

SO THERE'S A LOT OF STORIES THAT REALLY HELP TO DRIVE THE MESSAGE OF WHAT IS IMPACTING OUR COMMUNITIES.

>> Ted: WAS ACCESS OF THE STORY YOU HEARD THE MOST OR SEEN THE MOST OR ARE OTHER THINGS?

WHAT DID YOU SEE AND HEAR?

>> ACCESS WAS ONE OF THE BIGGEST AND WHEN WE SEE ACCESS TO CARE, FROM PHYSICAL CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AND ALSO EVEN JUST MEDICATIONS, SCREENINGS AND THAT WAS BIG.

AND THE OTHER THING WAS SOCIAL ISOLATION, MENTAL HEALTH.

THAT'S A BIG ONE THAT CROSSED MANY AGE GROUPS AND WE HAVE A LOT OF COMMENTS AND STORIES FROM SOME OF OUR SENIORS WHO REALLY SUFFERED A LOT BECAUSE OF THE SOCIAL ISOLATION, FROM FAMILY CUT OFF FROM SERVICES.

AND THAT WEIGHS HEAVY.

ALSO CHILDREN, THE IMPACT THAT THIS HAS HAD ON CHILDREN WHO HAD TO STOP GOING TO SCHOOL AND STAYED HOME.

A LOT OF THEM, IT IMPACTED THEIR ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND MENTAL HEALTH AND WE'RE SEEING THOSE NUMBERS SPIKE.

>> Ted: WAS THERE A STORY THAT YOU REMEMBER MOST OR A COUPLE OF STORIES?

>> THERE'S A COUPLE OF STORIES AND SOME ARE HEARTBREAKING AND THERE'S ONE THAT REALLY, I KIND OF TEND TO DEFAULT A LOT TO AND IT'S A WOMAN SHARED IT.

THAT DURING COVID, HER MOTHER WAS SCREENED AND IT TOOK HER -- SHE WAS HAVING SYMPTOMS AND TOOK A LONG TIME TO GET HER IN TO SEE A PHYSICIAN AND FINALLY, WHEN SHE DID, SHE WAS SCREENED AND DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER.

AND BECAUSE OF A LOT OF THE RESTRICTS AND ABILITY TO GO IN FREQUENTLY AND A BUNCH OF OTHER ISSUES THAT WERE HAPPENING, SHE EVENTUALLY PASSED AWAY.

BY THE TIME THEY WERE ABLE TO CATCH THE CANCER AND TREAT IT, IT WAS ALREADY PRETTY ADVANCED.

THAT SPEAKS VOLUMES TO THE FACT THAT, YOU KNOW, WE WENT FROM HAVING BETTER ACCESS TO SOME OF THESE SERVICES IN A TIMELY FASHION AND COVID CAME AND DISRUPTED COVID.

>> Ted: WHAT DID THE COUNTY LEARN AND WHAT DO YOU WANT PEOPLE TO TAKE FROM THESE VIDEOS?

>> THE BIGGESTENING FORGEST THING THAT HAPPENED, IT GIVES US THE INSIGHT INTO THE STORIES OF WHAT PEOPLE ARE GOING THROUGH AND IMPACTED.

WE USE DATA FROM THE HEALTH NEEDS AND TO ALLOCATE RESOURCES AND FUNDING RIGHT NOW AND WE'VE PUT IN ABOUT OVER SIX MILLION DOLLARS THROUGH COMMUNITY GRANTS ON HEALTH DISPARITIES.

AND THE DATA IS PUBLIC AND WE'RE A GOVERNMENT AGENCY AND IT IS ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYONE AND ANYONE.

WE WANT ELECTED OFFICIALS TO USE THIS DATA TO MAKE INFORMED DECISIONS AND TO GET A SNAPSHOT OF WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THEIR COMMUNITY AND TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS.

>> Ted: IT SOUNDS LIKE A TREASURE TROVE OF INFORMATION AND CONGRATULATIONS ON THE PROJECT.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, HOW BEST TO PLAN FOR THE CARE OF YOUR PET WHEN DRAWING UP YOUR WILL.

>> WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR PETS WHEN YOU DIE?

PETS ARE SEEN AS PROPERTY BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO ENSURE YOUR PETS ARE TAKEN CARE OF WHEN DRAWING UP YOUR WILL.

THE FOUNDER OF SILVERMAN LAW OFFICES JOINS JOINS US AND WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR PET WHEN YOU DIE?

>> DEPENDS ON YOUR PLAN TED.

IF YOU HAVE NO PLAN, YOUR PET IS PERSONAL PROPERTY AND PEOPLE DON'T LIKE TO LOOK AT IT THAT WAY.

BUT YOUR PET IS PERSONAL PROPERTY SO THIS IS MY LITTLE DOG, LUCY.

BUT SHE IS MY PERSONAL PROPERTY SO IF I HAVEN'T PROVIDED FOR HER, SOMEBODY IN THE FAMILY MAY TAKE HER OR SOMEBODY MAY PUT HER INTO RESCUE.

>> Ted: BASICALLY A PET IS PROPERTY, NOTHING MORE, NOTHING LESS.

>> ALLEGATIONLIKE CATTLE.

ULTIMATELY, THAT'S WHAT THEY ARE AND WE HAVE TO PROVIDE FOR THEM, AS SUCH.

>> Ted: SO YOU CAN'T LEAVE -- AND WE HEAR STORIES AND BOOKS ARE MADE OF LEAVING MILLIONS TO THEIR PETS.

YOU CAN'T LEAVE MONEY TO YOUR PETS,CON?

>> , CAN YOU?

>> YOU CAN LEAVE MONEY IN A TRUST WHERE A THIRD PARTY WHERE MANAGE THE TRUST ON BEHALF OF YOUR PET OR PETS.

YOU CAN LEAVE AS MUCH AS YOU WANT TO FOR THAT PURPOSE.

AND UPON THE PET'S DEATH, THEN YOU WOULD PROVIDE FOR SOME SORT OF RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION, WHETHER IT BE TO INDIVIDUALS OR TO ANIMAL PROTECTION AGENCIES AND PEOPLE LIKE THAT.

>> SO YOU CAN PROVIDE FOR YOUR PET'S CARE AND I KNOW THERE ARE PET GUARDIANS OUT THERE AND IS THAT WHAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT THERE?

>> WELL, LET'S SAY I PASS AWAY AND I HAVE -- LET'S START WITH INCAPACITY BECAUSE LET'S SAY I'M INCAPACITATED AND NO LONGER ABLE TO CARE FOR MY PET, I COULD PUT IN MY POWER OF ATTORNEY, CALLED A DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY, PROVISIONS FOR WHO I WOULD LIKE TO BE THE GUARDIAN OF MY PET AND GIVE THEM POWER TO TAKE CARE OF ADMINISTRATIVE PET, GET VETERINARIAN CARE AND THAT WOULD BE TRULY TO TAKE MY PLACE IN I AM IN INCAPACITATED.

ON MY DEATH, I COULD DO SOMETHING SIMILAR AND THAT WOULD BE A BEQUEST, TECHNICALLY, BECAUSE THEN I WOULD BE BEQUEATHING MY DOG TO A THIRD PARTY AND I COULD LEAVE CASH TO TAKE CARE OF THE DOG OR NOT.

OR I COULD CREATE A TRUST AND THERE'S VARIOUS OPTIONS.

>> Ted: OBVIOUSLY, YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THEY'RE WILLING TO ACCEPT THE PET, BUT IS THE PET GUARDIAN LEGALLY REQUIRED TO HONOR CERTAIN REQUESTS?

LIKE I WANT THE DOG WALKED ONLY IN THE MORNINGS OR NEVER AT NIGHT OR AND HOW LEGALLY BINDING ARE THESE AGREEMENTS?

WHY THERE'S >> THERE'S A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEGALLY BEHINDING?

WHO WILL ENFORCE THOSE PROVISIONS.

I MAY SAY I NEVER WANT MY PET TO LEAVE THE STATE OF ARIZONA.

WHO MAY KNOW YOU'VE TAKEN MY PET TO GO TO DISNEYLAND AND THERE'S NO WAY TO ENFORCE THAT.

YOU'RE JUST INCLUDING YOUR WISHES WHEN YOU MAKE THOSE KINDS OF PROVISIONS.

>> Ted: YOU CAN ALSO -- COULD YOU LEAVE YOUR PET TO A LOCAL ANIMAL SHELTER?

>> YOU CAN AND YOU SHOULD BE SURE OF WHAT THE ANIMAL SHELTER WILL DO WITH YOUR PET IF YOU DO THAT BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT SHELTERS HAVE OVERWHELMED WITH ANIMALS AND I WOULD BE CAREFUL THAT YOU KNOW WHAT THE END RESULT WILL BE.

>> Ted: I WOULD IMAGINE CLEARING IT WITH THE ORGANIZATION FIRST AND IF THEY'RE OPEN TO IT AND THEY HAVE A FAMILY OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT, MAYBE A DONATION WOULDN'T HURT MATTERS?

>> CORRECT.

I WOULD START WITH YOUR CLOSEST CIRCLE, WHETHER YOUR FAMILY OR FRIENDS BEFORE I WOULD GO OUT TO THAT THIRD PARTY WORLD BECAUSE YOU'RE GOING TO FEEL OR COMFORTABLE IF YOUR PET IS WITH FAMILY OR FRIENDS.

>> Ted: WHAT HAPPENS IF A PET IS NOT INCLUDED IN A WILL?

>> WELL, THEY'RE PROPERTY.

LIKE I SAID, IF NOT ADDRESSED IN A WILL AND, SAY, I'M IN MY WILL, I LEAVE ALL MY PROPERTY TO YOU, THEN GUESS WHAT?

YOU GET MY DOGGIE.

[ Laughter ] >> SO IT'S JUST A MATTER OF BEING MORE SPECIFIC IN TERMS OF DO I WANT YOU TO HAVE EVERYTHING I OWN INCLUDING MY PET OR DO I WANT A INSPECTION PET PROVISION OR MAKING SURE THAT THE RIGHT PERSON IS, YOU KNOW, GOING TO GET MY PET.

>> Ted: WOULD PROBATE COURT BE INVOLVED IF THERE'S NO CLEAR AVENUE FOR LUCY?

>> NOT REALLY BECAUSE PROBATE IS INVOLVED GENERALLY SPEAKING WHEN YOU HAVE ASSETS THAT ARE OWNED BY THE DESEEDANT BECAUSE YOU NEED A WAY TO TRANSFER LIKE REAL ESTATE OR INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS AND YOU NEED A PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE APPOINTED.

YOU DON'T NEED THAT WITH A PET.

YOU COME TO MY HOUSE, TAKE THE DOG AND START TAKING CARE OF THE DOG AND NO COURT GOING TO BE INVOLVED IN THAT.

YOU KNOW, A PS WOULD BE JUST LIKE IN A DIVORCE, IF THERE ARE MULTIPLE PEOPLE THAT ARE FIGHTING OVER A POSSESSION OF THE DOG OR CAT, THEN, YEAH, THEN THE PROBATE COURT MAY HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE AND I THINK THAT WOULD UNUSUAL.

>> Ted: LAST QUESTION, HOW MANY PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS PROCESS?

[ Laughter ] >> 99% OF THE PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND IT.

MOST PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS AT ALL.

MINE, YOU ASKYOU ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT PROBATE AND IT'S ONE OF THOSE MYSTERIOUS THAT NOBODY UNDERSTANDS WHAT IT'S ALL ABOUT.

SO YEAH, I MEAN, JUST TRYING TO BE CAREFUL AND UNDERSTANDING THAT IF YOU HAVE A PLAN IN PLACE AND YOU'RE REAL SPECIFIC WITH YOUR PLAN, THEN THINGS WORK OUT OK.

WHETHER YOU UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OR NOT IS NOT THAT CRITICAL.

BUT IF YOU HAVE TIME SOMETIME AND YOU'VE GOT, YOU KNOW, THE ABILITY, I'LL TALK TO YOU ABOUT PROBATE.

>> Ted: OH, MY GOODNESS.

>> THAT'S A WHOLE NEW ANIMAL.

>> Ted: LOU AND LUCY, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US ON.

♪♪ FOUND >> Ted: WELL INTENTIONED PUBLIC CAMPAIGNS CAN CREATE A SIGNATURENA AROUND A CONDITION OR DISEASE AND A BOOK WRITTEN BY TWO ASU PROFESSORS IS TAKE ON THAT ISSUE AND THE BOOK IS TITLED LAZY, CRAZY AND DISGUSTING STIGMA AND THE UNDOING OF GLOBAL HEALTH AND WE'RE JOINED BY ONE OF THE COAUTHORS, ALEXANDER BURIS AND GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

THIS TITLE, WE'VE GOT OTHER THINGS HERE, FAB, DIRTY AND DISGUSTING AND THAT'S A LOT FOR A TITLE HERE.

>> THAT'S WHAT STIGMA DOES, PER MAJORTIZES.

IT'S MORALIT HAS A LOT TO DO WITH HEALTH CONDITIONS AND OTHER ASPECTS OF LIVING THAT, YOU KNOW, ARE BEYOND PEOPLE'S CONTROL.

>> SO TALK TO US ABOUT THE RESEARCH THAT WAS DONE FOR THE BOOK AND I KNOW YOUR COAUTHOR LOOKED WITH INADEQUATE SANITATION AND YOU WERE LOOKING AT PEOPLE WITH WEIGHT STIGMA IN CLINICAL SETTINGS AND TALK TO US ABOUT THIS.

>> MY COAUTHOR AND I HAVE BEEN DOING FIELD RESEARCH BETWEEN US ALMOST 60 YEARS OF FIELD WORK AND WORKED IN PRETTY MUCH EVERY PART OF THE WORLD AT THIS STAGE AND SEEN THESE PATENTS OVER AND OVER WHAT'S HAPPENING ON THE GROUND.

AND I THINK AT SOME POINT WE STARTED TO REALIZE THAT WHEN WE WERE TALKING ABOUT TO PEOPLE ABOUT HEALTH ISSUES LIKE INFERTILITY OR FOOD INSECURITY OR SO ON, PEOPLE'S SENSE OF WHAT IT WAS DOING TO THEM AS A HARM WAS PROFOUND.

WHEN WE REALIZED PEOPLE WERE USING SOME OF THE STIGMA TO DRIVE HEALTH MESSAGING AND THE FIRST PLACE, IT WAS SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, WHERE PEOPLE WERE COMING INTO VILLAGES, USUALLY, AND RURAL YEARS AND CONVINCING PEOPLE IF YOU DEFECATE OUTDOORS, YOU'RE DISGUSTING.

THAT WOULD BE A TRIGGER FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE.

IT'S USING THESE MORAL VALUES TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR.

BUT THERE'S A LOT OF PROBLEMS AND EFFECTIVE IN GETTING PEOPLE TO TAKE NOTICE.

NO DOUBT ABOUT THAT.

AS A BEHAVIOR CHANGE, MECHANISM IS POWERFUL BECAUSE PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO BE REJECTED BY OTHER PEOPLE AND NEGATIVELY JUDGED.

IT'S ALL OF THE STUFF THAT COMES AFTER THAT THAT'S THE PROBLEM.

>> Ted: THE STUFF AFTER THAT, IS THAT MORE OF A PROBLEM THAN CLEANING UP, THE PROBLEM IN THE FIRST PLACE?

YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT I'M GETTING AT?

I THINK IT DEPENDS WHO YOU TALK TO IN THE GLOBAL HEALTH WORLD, WHERE THEY COME DOWN ON THIS POSITION.

NOT EVERYONE AGREES AND SOME WOULD SAY THAT THE GOAL OF ENSURING BASIC SANITATION, THAT IT'S CHEAPER THAN TOILET BLOCKS IS YOU MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO DO WHATEVER THEY CAN, TAKE OUT LOANS TO BUILD THEIR OWN TOILETS AND IT'S A VERY EFFECTIVE WAY, IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT EITHER ECONOMICALLY OR IN TERMS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE AND WHO DOES THE REAL COST ACCRUE TO?

AND YOU DO AN INTERVENTION AND CONVINCE EVERYBODY TO HAVE A TOILET AND IF YOU DON'T, YOU'RE A DISGUSTING PERSON.

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE PEOPLE THAT CAN'T AFFORD TO BUILD TOILETS?

NOW YOU'VE LAYERED A POWERFUL STIGMA ON TOP OF PEOPLE.

YOU SEE THAT WHEN KIDS GO TO SCHOOL, THEY'LL BE TEASED AND JUST OPENS A LOT.

SO THE BASIC ARGUMENT, A LOT OF WAYS OF DOING INTERVENTIONS AND ONE YOU SHOULDN'T IMPLEMENT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING.

IT'S SUCH A SLIPPERY SLOPE, THAT IT'S A DANGEROUS STRATEGY.

>> Ted: YOU LOOKED AT WEIGHT ISSUES AND I WOULD ASK, HOW DO YOU TELL SOMEONE WHO HAS DIABETES OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND NEEDS TO DO WEIGHT, HOW DO YOU DO THAT WITHOUT SHAMING?

BECAUSE SHAMING IS THE BIG THING.

>> SHAMING AND BLAMING AND WHEN TALK TO SOMEONE ABOUT WEIGHT AND YOU'RE A CLINICIAN AND I NEED TO TALK TO THIS PERSON ABOUT THE FACT THEY NEED TO LOSE WEIGHT, WHAT HAPPENS IS THE CONVERSATION TO THE PERSON WHO IS GETTING IT FEELS VERY SHAMING AND BLAMING.

THERE'S A REASON FOR THAT BECAUSE OUR MODELS OF HOW TO DO INTERVENTIONS ARE BASED ON THE IDEA THAT YOU, YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT TO DO AND YOU SHOULD ENACT IT.

BUT ALL OF THE SCIENCES LOSING WEIGHT AND KEEPING IT OFF IS INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT TO DO AND THE BEST WAYS TO SOLVE ISSUES OF THE HEALTH COMPLICATIONS IS THINGS LIKE REDOING SCHOOL CURRICULUM SO THERE'S MORE PE AND MORE THAT ARE STRUCTURAL AND DON'T BLAME THE INDIVIDUAL.

BY PUTTING THE BLAME ON THE INDIVIDUAL ISN'T TO SAY PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO BE HEALTHY AND LOTS OF WAYS TO HAVE THAT CONVERSATION AND ENCOURAGE HEALTH WITHIN COMMUNITIES.

IT'S NOT ABOUT TELLING THE PERSON THEY'RE FAILING.

A LOT OF THE WAYS THAT PEOPLE TALK ABOUT WEIGHT ASSUMES EVERYBODY SHOULD BE TAKING CARE OF THIS MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM BY THEMSELVES INDIVIDUALLY.

AND IF IT WAS SO EASY TO DO, WE WOULDN'T HAVE THE VAST MAJORITY OF PEOPLE NOW THAT ARE CLINICALLY OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE IN THE U.S.

IF IT WAS SO EASY AND EVERYBODY HAD THE ANSWER, YOU WOULDN'T HAVE TWO-THIRDS OF ADULTS STRUGGLING.

HEAD WHAT >> Ted: WHAT REACTION HAVE YOU HAD?

PEOPLE SAY THERE'S NO WAY TO ADDRESS AUNT MILLIE AND SHE HAS TO TAKE BETTER CARE OF HERSELF.

>> THAT FAMILY MEMBER'S HELP BY TELLING THEM, YOU KNOW, IN A CARING WAY, THEY SAY, THAT MAYBE THEY SHOULDN'T HAVE THAT SECOND PIECE OF CAKE OR JOIN A GYM.

THE WAY IT'S FELT BY PEOPLE IS PROFOUNDLY HURTFUL AND DOESN'T MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO GO TO A GYM AND DOES THE OPPOSITE BECAUSE PEOPLE BECOME MORE SELF-CONSCIOUS.

WE'VE FINISHED A STUDY WHERE WE WERE WORKING WITH PEOPLE LOSING LARGE AMOUNTS OF WEIGHT AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY AND TALKING WITH THEM THROUGH TIME ABOUT THE EXPERIENCES THEY WERE GOING THROUGH.

AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE FOUND IS THAT FAMILY FELT STIGMA WEIGHT EMOTIONALLY DISTRESSING AND A LOT OF CORE MESSAGES WERE FROM THE FAMILY MEMBERS AND FRIENDS THAT FELT THEY WERE DOING FOOD AND PEOPLE IMMEDIATE TONEED TOGET OFF THE SUBJECT AND TALK ABOUT ACTIVITY BUT DON'T PUSH IT ONTO WEIGHT.

PEOPLE KNOW THEY'RE JUDGED BY FAMILY.

ONE OF THE THINGS THAT'S DIFFERENT ABOUT WEIGHT IS THAT FOR DISEASED CONDITIONS, WHEN YOU GO HOME WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS, YOU'RE WITH PEOPLE THAT UNDERSTAND YOU AND AREN'T JUDGING YOU.

ONE OF THE THINGS, I THINK, PER INITIALINITIAL CONSCIENTIOUS, THEY FEEL STRESSED 24/7 AND PEOPLE THINK THAT YOU HAVE A CONDITION THAT DEVALUES YOU AS A PERSON IN THEIR CR EYES.

HOW SHOULD YOU SAY IT?

THE MESSAGE IS, YOU SHOULDN'T SAY IT.

>> Ted: THE BOOK IS "LAZY AND CRAZY" AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> LOVELY TO BE HERE.

>> Ted: THAT'S IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AND YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.