>> Ted: WE'LL FIND OUT WHAT'S BEHIND THE CATASTROPHIC WEATHER POUNDING CALIFORNIA.

A NEW RESEARCH STUDY LOOKS AT WHY VACCINES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE FOR MORE FOLKS THAN OTHERS.

GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

CHECK OF HEADLINES, U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, LEADS AN INVESTIGATION INTO FINING OF INTO FINDING OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRE THAT HE APPOINTS A SPECIAL COUNSEL.

>> I BELIEVE THAT THE NORMAL PROCESSES OF THIS DEPARTMENT CAN HANDLE ALL INVESTIGATIONS WITH INTEGRITY, BUT UNDER THE REGULATIONS, THE EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES HERE REQUIRE THE APPOINTMENT OF A SPECIAL COUNSEL FOR THIS MATTER.

THIS APPOINTMENT UNDERSCORES FOR THE PUBLIC, THE DEPARTMENT'S COMMITMENT TO BOTH INDEPENDENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY AND PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE MATTERS AND TO MAKING DECISIONS GUIDED ONLY BY THE FACTS AND THE LAW.

>> Ted: ROBERT HERR WAS NAMED SPECIAL COUNCIL AND WILL INVESTIGATE IF ANYBODY VIOLATED THE LAW.

>>> VACCINATION RATES AMONG KINDERGARTENERS IN THE U.S.

WERE DOWN LAST YEAR AND THAT'S THE SECOND YEAR THE PERCENTAGE HAS DROPPED AND CDC REPORTED THAT 93% OF KIDS IN KINDERGARTEN WERE VACCINATED AND THE TARGET FROM THAT RATE IS 95%.

ALSO OF NOTE, VACCINATIONS FOR COVID-19 NOT INCLUDED IN THOSE NUMBERS AND THAT IS SET TO CHANGE THIS YEAR WOULD SUGGEST THE NEXT RATES FOR KINDERGARTENERS WERE LIKELY BE LOWER STILL.

>>> AND CALIFORNIA IS GETTING A BREAK FROM A STRING OF SERIOUS STORMS THAT HAVE BATTERED PARS OF THEPARTSOF THE STATE AND COULD BE THE CALM BEFORE MORE MOVES IN.

WE WELCOME LONG-TIME METEOROLOGIST, ED PHILIPS AND GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

>> GOOD TO BE SEEN AND WHAT'S GOING ON IN CALIFORNIA?

>> YOU KNOW, WE'VE HAD THIS HAPPEN BEFORE AND PART OF IT IS HOW WELL A STATE IS PREPARED FOR IT.

AND THE FREQUENCY OF THE STORMS IS WHAT REALLY HAMMERS US.

WE HAD THAT HAMMER MANY YEARS AGO IN '78 AND '80 HERE IN ARIZONA AND, IN FACT, I WAS A YOUNG GUY BACK THEN AND FORECASTING THE WEATHER.

WHAT HAPPENED IS WE JUST HAD THIS PARADE OF STORMS.

SOMETIMES ONLY A DAY OR IS APART AND IN ONE WEEK, WE HAD FIVE DIFFERENT STORMS HERE IN ARIZONA.

BUT THEY WERE FURTHER SOUTH AND THAT'S THE BIG DIFFERENCE, A LOT FURTHER SOUTH THAN THE STORMS HITTING MOSTLY CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.

>> Ted: THEY'RE DESCRIBED AS ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS.

DEFINE THAT TERM.

>> ALL OF US HAVE HEARD OF THE JETSTREAM, THAT RIBBON OF WINDS CIRCLING THE ENTIRE PLANET AND WHAT HAPPENS IN THE WINTERTIME, THOSE WINDS SAG FURTHER TO THE SOUTH AND IF THEY TAP INTO SOME TROPICAL MOISTURE, THAT'S WHEN YOU GET THE RIVER.

OTHERWISE, THEY CAN BE DRY, ESPECIALLY IF THEY'RE COMING FROM THE GULF OF ALASKA AND THAT AREA IS RELATIVELY DRY, BUT WHEN THEY COME IN AND TAP INTO THAT PACIFIC MOISTURE, THAT'S WHEN WE GET THE WET STUFF.

>> Ted: WE'VE HAD SIX MAJOR STORMS IN TWO WEEKS AND FOUR MORE IN THE NEXT TEN DAYS AND THAT'S UNUSUAL, IS IT NOT?

>> THAT'S UNUSUAL AND WHAT'S ALSO UNUSUAL, WE HAVEN'T HAD A SUPER HEAVY SNOW STORM IN ARIZONA YET AND THAT'S WHAT WE NEED BECAUSE THAT'S WHAT COUNTS.

>> Ted: WHY IS THE JETSTREAM, THE ATMOSPHERIC RIVER, IF YOU WILL, WHY SIT AVOIDING ARIZONA?

IT LOOKS LIKE IT'S DIPPING LOW AND MOVING TO THE NORTHEAST.

>> SO MUCH MOISTURE IN THESE STORMS THAT IT'S EXPENDING A LOT OF THE ENERGY OVER IN CALIFORNIA AND THEN WHEN THE JETSTREAM REACHES HERE, IT DOESN'T HAVE AS MUCH OF THE DEEP TROPICAL MOISTURE LEFT AND SINCE THERE'S TROPICAL MOISTURE, THAT'S NOT WHAT LOWERS THE SNOW LEVEL.

IT'S WHEN YOU GET THAT ARCTIC AIR MIXED IN THAT DROPS THE SNOW PACK IS WHAT WE LOOK FORWARD TO.

>> Ted: CALIFORNIA WILL TELL YOU DIFFERENT BECAUSE LA NINA IS DRY.

IS THAT WHY IT HASN'T DRIPPED LOWER.

>> A LOT OF METEOROLOGISTS WOULD DISAGREE, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EL NINA AND LA NINA ISN'T GOOD BECAUSE THERE ARE NEGATIVE FEEDBACKS AND WE SEEM TO BE IN AN AREA WHERE IT'S NOT A CLEAR-CUT WHERE WE HAVE THIS AND THIS HAPPENS.

TEXAS AS FAR AS THE DROUGHT THIS CALIFORNIA BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE THEY'RE HAMMERED THERE, WHAT DOES THIS MEAN AS FAR AS A DROUGHT IS CONCERNED?

>> I LIKE THE QUOTE FROM MARK TWAIN.

HE SAID, "CLIMATE IS WHAT YOU EXPECT AND WHETHER IS WHAT YOU GET."

THE WORLD CLIMATE FROM A GREEK WORLD CLIMA WHICH MEANS INCLINED TO AND MANY, MANY YEARS DRY AS WELL AS IN CALIFORNIA AND WE COULD GET SPOT GET INTO POLITICS OF HOW FORESTS ARE MANAGED OR BURNED AND THE LAND CANNOT ABSORB WATER AND THAT DRAINS OFF SO MUCH.

>> Ted: THAT GOES TO THE FLOODING AND AS FAR AS THE DROUGHT IS CONCERNED IN GENERAL, DOES THIS SIGNAL SOMETHING OR IS THIS AN ADORATION?

>> WE DON'T KNOW.

THERE ARE MANY TRENDS IN THE WEATHER AND SOME LAST TEN THOUSAND YEARS AND WE'RE IN AN INTERGLACIAL AGE BETWEEN GLACIATION AND IT'S WARM AT A LONG PERIOD OF HISTORY.

WILL THEY GET COLD?

CHANCES ARE IF IT GETS COLD, IT'S WETTER IN ARIZONA AND THAT'S SOMETHING THAT IS SO FAR DOWN THE HORIZON THAT YOU CAN'T SEE IT.

>> Ted: AS FAR AS CLIMATE CHANGE IN GENERAL, WHERE WE HEAR THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND CERTAIN FACTORS MEAN MORE VOLATILE WEATHER AND IT SEEMS LIKE OR ARE WE HEARING ABOUT THE MORE VOLATILE WEATHER?

>> COMMUNICATIONS HAVE NEVER BEEN BETTER IN OUR HISTORY, EVER.

SO WE HEAR THINGS QUICKLY AND WE HEAR THEM INTENSELY AND THERE IS HYPING THAT GOES ON, AS YOU ARE PROBABLY AWARE OF AND SO WE HEAR ABOUT THINGS A LOT MORE AND AROUND THE GLOBE, TOO.

BUT TREND-WISE, IT IS VERY HARD TO SAY AND IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE BETWEEN WHAT WE HAVE DONE ON THE EARTH VERSUS WHAT IT HAS DONE TO THE APPLICATION.

ATMOSPHERE.

WE MENTIONED THERE ARE THESE FEEDBACKS THAT ACTUALLY CANCEL OUT IN EFFECT.

SO WE JUST HAVE TO KEEP WATCHING.

I DON'T THINK THE EARTH WILL END IN 12 YEARS.

>> Ted: AS FAR AS ARIZONA, OUR FORECAST, LET'S SAY, FORGET THE NEXT 12 YEARS, BUT WHAT ARE WE SEEING HERE?

>> IT'S A CRAP SHOOT AFTER ABOUT SEVEN DAYS.

WE'RE GOOD AFTER SEVEN DAYS AND WHEN I GOT OUT OF METEOROLOGY SCHOOL, YOU WERE LUCKY TO GET TWO DAYS AND NOW IT'S UP TO WINDOWS 10SEVEN DAYS BUT THE OUTLOOK IS THAT WE CAN DROP THE SNOW LEVEL AND GET THE SNOW PACK INTO THE RESERVOIR.

>> Ted: INSTEAD OF LOOKING FOR THE STORMS OFF OF THE PACIFIC AND THE LOWER PACIFIC, LOOK FOR THEM COMING DOWN?

>> MORE FROM THE NORTH OR A COLD AIR MASS HERE, THEY INSECT INTERSECT.

>> Ted: FOR PEOPLE WHO KNOW PEOPLE IN CALIFORNIA, PEOPLE ARE DYING THERE, AND IT'S A BAD SITUATION, WHEN THIS NEXT PATTERN GOES THROUGH, ARE THEY DONE OR IS THIS -- BECAUSE I'VE LIVED IN CALIFORNIA BEFORE AND THE SPRING IS THE WET TIME OF YEAR.

WINTER, ESPECIALLY WINTER, THAT'S THE WET TIME OF YEAR FOR A LOT OF PARTS AND WINTER JUST STARTED, ED.

>> THEY COULD HAVE A LONG WINTER AHEAD OF THEM, BUT IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO TELL AFTER, SAY, A WEEK OR TWO.

IN THE SHORT-TERM, THOUGH, IT LOOKS AS IF WE HAVE MORE STORMS FROM THE PACIFIC.

>> Ted: WE WORKED TOGETHER YEARS AGO AND YOU KNOW YOUR BUSINESS, BUT WHEN IT COMES TO METEOROLOGIST AND KNOWING THESE KINDS OF THINGS, THE SCIENCE INVOLVED, WE HAVE A MINUTE LEFT AND HOW HAS IT CHANGED?

>> OH, JUST IN MY LIFETIME, IT'S CHANGED.

WHEN I FIRST GOT OUT OF COLLEGE, WE WOULD GO OVER AND RACE OVER TO A FAX MACHINE, 19-INCH WIDE PEOPLE AND WE SAW A SATELLITE FROM YESTERDAY.

YOU CAN GET MORE INFORMATION ONLINE NOW THAN YOU COULD BUY AT ANY PRICE 20 OR 30 YEARS AGO AND IT'S AMAZING HOW MUCH INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE.

>> Ted: ED PHILIPS, GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> GOOD TO SEE YOU, TOO.

>> Ted: TOM HORNE HELD A POSITION FROM 2003 TO 2011 AND TOM HORN e JOINS US AND THANK YOU BEING HERE.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: ITHANK YOU.

>> Ted: WHY DO YOU THINK YOU WON?

>> PARENTS ARE UPSET BECAUSE STUDENTS ARE NOT LEARNING AND TOO MANY DISTRACTIONS, CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND SEXUAL STUFF AND THEY WANT THE TEACHERS TO TEACH THE ACADEMICS THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO BE TEACHING AND GETTING RID OF ALL OF THE DIVERSIONS AND THAT'S WHAT I STOOD FOR.

>> Ted: HOW BEST TO IMPROVE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND THE THINGS YOU JUST MENTIONED AND ARE THOSE THINGS THAT FACTOR INTO STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT?

>> SURE DO.

>> Ted: OR MUCH ELSE GOING ON?

>> BIG DIVERSIONS AND IN THE CASE OF SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING, IT DISCOURAGING DISCIPLINE AND KIDS CANNOT LEARN IN A CLASS NOT STRUCTURED IF OTHER KIDS HAVE THE ABILITY WITH IMMUNITY TO INTERFERE AND THE LEARNING GOES DOWN AND TEST SCORES GO DOWN.

TED >> Ted: WHY NOT HELP WITH SELF-MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSIBLE DECISION-MAKE ASKING THESEDECISION-MAKING?

>> I BELIEVE EVERY SCHOOL SHOULD HAVE A SOCIAL WORKER AND THE FIRST 4-1 VOTE AGAINST ME ON A SCHOOL BOARD WAS WHEN THE OTHER FOUR WANTED TO ELIMINATE THIS AS AN ECONOMY MEASURES AND WE NEED SOMEONE TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS AND IT CAN BE THE JOB OF THE TEACHERS BUT IT DOESN'T HAVE TO BE.

MY HEROES ARE SCIENCE AND MATH TEACHERS WHO LOVE SCIENCE AND MATH AND HISTORY TEACHERS WHO LOVE HISTORY AND SO ON.

THEY COMPLAIN THAT THEY WANT TO TEACH THEIR SUBJECTS BELL-TO-BELL AND NOT ALLOWED TO AND HAVE TO PLAY GAMES IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CLASS AS PART OF EMOTIONAL LEARNING.

THEY COMPLAIN THAT IF THE KID -- THEY TELL THE KID TO DO A TASK AND THE KID SAYS FU AND F IS FOR A WORD, THEY ALL THE ADMINISTRATION AND THE ADMINISTRATION DOESN'T DO ANYTHING AND THEY SAY USE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING OR RESTORATIVE JUSTICE.

IT'S THINGS THAT DIS-.WE HAVE TO HAVE NO DIVERSIONS WITH PLAYING GAMES.

THEY HAPPEN WITH REGULARITY AND NOT UNIVERSAL BUT HAPPEN WITH REGULARITY.

>> Ted: STUDENTS IN SEL PROGRAMS I'VE SEEN STUDIES WHERE THERE'S INCREASED OVERALL GRADES AND IMPROVED ATTENDANCE AND IT SEEMS LIKE IT CAN AND OFTEN DOES WORK.

DO YOU THROW BABY OUT WITH BATH WATER HERE?

>> NOT THE MESSAGE FROM TEACHERS AND THEY'RE DIVERTED FROM TEACHING FROM ACADEMICS AND FORCED TO PLAY GAMES IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PERIOD WHEN THEY WANT TO TEACH SUBJECTS AND THOSE WARRANTARE THE MESSAGE FOR TEACHERS AND A SCHOOL IS NO BETTER THAN THE TEACHERS IN THE CLASSROOM AND THE MESSAGE FOR TEACHERS, LET US TEACH THE SUBJECTS WE SIGNED UP TO TEACH.

>> Ted: MORE COUNSELORS, GOOD IDEA FOR YOU?

>> YES.

FIRST PRIORITY, POLICE OFFICERS, WE CALL SCHOOL RESOURCE OFFICERS SO THAT THE KIDS ARE SAFE IN SCHOOL AND WE DON'T WANT ANYTHING WHAT HAPPENED IN TEXAS.

THAT'S URGENT.

WE DON'T WANT IT TO HAPPEN BEFORE I'VE HAD A CHANCE TO GET A POLICE OFFICER THERE.

AND SECONDLY, WE SHOULD -- I BELIEVE WE SHOULD HAVE A COUNSELOR IN EVERY SCHOOL AND I FOUGHT FOR IT WHEN I WAS ON A CBC.

>> Ted: WHAT ISSCHOOL BOARD.

>> Ted: ARE TEACHERS PAID ENOUGH?

>> THE SURROUNDING STATES PAID MORE AND WE LOSE MORE AND WE NEED TO PAY TEACHERS MORE.

I THINK THAT'S IMPORTANT AND WHAT'S IMPORTANT IS WHAT I WAS TALKING ABOUT, DISCIPLINE, BECAUSE WHEN TEACHERS ARE SURVEYED BECAUSE THEY LEAVE THE PROFESSION, THE NUMBER ONE REASON IS TO THE SALARIES.

THAT'S NUMBER TWO.

IT'S FAILURE TO GET ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT TO FOR DISCIPLINE.

WHEN SOMEONE GET AWAY WITH THINGS AND NO DISCIPLINE, THE TEACHER IS NOT BACKED UP, IT YETSYETGETS GETS TO BE AN IMPOSSIBLE ENVIRONMENT.

I WOULD LEAVE IF I HAD IT WAS UNRULY.

>> Ted: WILL YOU PUSH FOR INCREASED TEACHER PAY?

>> I WILL AND I GAVE A STATE OF EDUCATION PIECE TO THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE AND PUSHED HARD FOR RAISING THE GROSS EXPENDITURE LIMIT AND THAT'S WORTH A BILLION THREE 85.

85.

>> Ted: THAT HAS TO HAPPEN.

>> I SURPRISED THE DEMOCRATS AND DEMOCRATS.

>> Ted: I MAY HAVE MENTIONED THIS BACK IN THE OLD DAYS, TESTING.

A LOT OF CONTROVERSY ABOUT TESTING AND A LOT OF TEACHERS WILL SAY, THIS IS AN TICK ANTIDOTAL AND WHEN YOU'RE TEACHING TO THE DEFINITE, THEY WELLTESTAND THEY'LL SAY THAT'S NOT GOOD.

DO THEY HAVE A TEST?

>> NO.

WE ASK SHOWING THEY UNDERSTOOD THE PASSAGE AND THE ONLY WAY TO TEACH IS TO REQUIRE A LOT OF READING.

ON THE MATH TEST, WE ASK KIDS TO SOLVE A PROBLEM AND HAVE THEM PRACTICE SOLVING PROBLEMS.

THAT'S A FAIR TEST AND IT'S ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY.

TED, AMONG THE 50 OTHER STATE SUPERINTENDENTS, THE SMARTEST ONE WAS FROM OHIO AND SHE SAID THREE PARTS TO EDUCATION.

QUALITY OF TEACHER AND TEACHER LEADERS AND TWO, QUALITY OF CURRICULUM AND THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS.

I WANT TO BRING BACK THE REQUIREMENT THAT STUDENTS PASS A TEST TO GRADUATE SO YOU DON'T HAVE SOCIAL PROMOTION OR KIDS GRADUATING THAT ARE ILLLITLITERATE.

>> Ted: CAN TESTING BE A PART OF AN EDUCATION AS OPPOSED TO SOMETHING WITH SUCH A FOCUS WHO CAN'T -- WHO CAN'T GRADUATE WITHOUT PASSING A TEST AND THAT'S A PRIMARY FOCUS.

>> YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO READ AND UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU'VE READ AND KNOW ENOUGH MANUAL TO MATH AND SOLVE A PROBLEM AND THAT'S IMPORTANT.

AND THEN, THE DIPLOMA MEANS SOMETHING AND THE EMPLOYERS KNOW THATS.

>> Ted: THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND ARE THEY MAKING ENOUGH MONEY AND YOU SAID NO.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ARE THEY PROPERLY FUNDED, YES OR NO?

>> NO.

>> Ted: WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT?

>> I'VE.

ADVOCATING AND I DID IT AT THE SENATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

YOU KNOW, THERE WAS A BIG INCREASE LAST YEAR AND IF WE GET A HANDLE ON THE EXPENDITURE LIMIT SO THAT THE SCHOOLS COULD SPEND WHAT THE LEGISLATURE DECIDED WAS THE APPROPRIATE AMOUNT, THIS IS THE DECISION THAT THE LEGISLATURE MADE, IT WILL BE A BIG ADVANCE.

>> Ted: THE EXPANSION WAS SUPPOSED TO COST, WHAT, 33 MILLION AND IT'S 300 MILLION AND GROWING.

DO YOU EXPAND IT?

DO YOU RECONSIDER THIS?

CHECK THOSE QUESTIONS.

IS THIS PROGRAM SYPHONING MONEY FROM PUBLIC SCHOOLS?

>> NO.

>> Ted: IT'S NOT.

>> BECAUSE IF A STUDENT LEAVES THE PUBLIC SCHOOL TO GO TO ANOTHER SCHOOL BECAUSE PARENTS ARE NOT SATISFIED, THEY LOSE THE INCOME AND LOSE THE EXPENSE OF TEACHING THE KID.

THE IMPORTANT THING NOT THE GROSS AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT THE SCHOOL GETS BUT THE AMOUNT PER PUPIL AND IF THE PUPILS DECREASE AND THE INCOME DECREASES, THEY'RE GETTING THE SAME AMOUNT PER PUPIL AND EVERYONE DOES BETTER WHEN YOU HAVE COMPETITION.

THAT'S WHY THE UNITED STATES WAS PROSPEROUS AND THE SOVIET UNION WAS POOR BECAUSE WHEN THERE'S COMPETITION, PEOPLE WORK HARD AND WHEN YOU HAVE A GOVERNMENT KNOW MONOPOLY, THEY DON'T.

>> Ted: WE HAVE SCHOOLS THAT AREN'T GETTING THE JOB DONE AND THEY MIGHT NEED EXTRA ATTENTION.

THESE SORTS OF THINGS, DOES THAT MAKE MONEYMAKE SENSE?

>> IT'S VALUE MEASURED YOU HAVE A GREAT TEACHER AND POOR SCHOOL, THEY WON'T GET THE SAME RESULTS AS A LOUSY TEACHER IN A RICH SCHOOL.

SO YOU MEASURE BY VALUE ADDED AND HOW MUCH DO THE KIDS INCREASE.

IT'S A VERY TEST IF YOU WANT TO REWARD SUCCESS.

>> Ted: TOMORROWTOM HORNE, WE'LL INVITE YOU BACK.

THANK YOU.

>> I'LL COME, EVEN ON SHORT NOTICE.

>> Ted: THANK YOU.

MODERN VACCINES AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASE SAVED HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF LIVES AND STILL QUESTIONS ABOUT WHY VACCINES WORK SO WELL FOR SO MANY AND NOT FOR ALL.

THE ASU BIO DESIGN INSTITUTE JOINS US TO TALK ABOUT A NEW STUDY ON VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS AND VALE, GOOD TO HAVE YOU AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

>> THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME.

>> Ted: YOU'RE LOOKING AT A FIVE-YEAR PROJECT ON WHY VACCINES WORK HERE BUT NOT THERE?

>> SO WE ARE INCLINED TO STUDY THE VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS ABOUT THE COVID AND VACCINES IN A REAL WORLD SITUATION.

EVERY YEAR, THE FLU VACCINE CHANGES AND ONE OF THE REASONS WE CHANGE THE VACCINES IS THAT IF THE VACCINE IS NOT EFFECTIVE, SO WE NEED TO CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE VACCINE IN THE NEXT YEAR, SO OUR STUDY IS GOING INFORM WHAT WOULD BE A PERCENT.

WE NED TO NEED TO KNOW HOW EFFECTIVE AGAINST THE PATHOGEN AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE NEXT YEAR'S VACCINE.

>> Ted: HOW DOES ONE DO THIS KIND OF STUDY?

>> OBVIOUSLY, YOU KNOW, THERE ARE SEVEN DIFFERENT CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND WE ARE ONE OF THEM.

AND WE ARE GOING DO THIS STUDY WITH OUR CLINICAL PARTNERS AND ASU BIODESIGN INSTITUTE AND PARTNERED WITH THE PHOENIX CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND VALLEY-WISE HEALTH AND WE ARE GOING TO LOOK AT ANYBODY WHO COMES TO THE HOSPITAL WITH THE FLU-LIKE ILLNESS AND WE ACTUALLY TRIED TO SAY, OK, DID THEY GET THE VACCINATION THIS YEAR.

IF THEY GET THE VACCINATION THIS YEAR, WHY DID THEY GET THE FLU?

AND IF THEY GET THE NEW, WHAT KIND OF A STRAIN THAT THEY GOT OR VARIENT THEY GOT AND HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM THE VACCINE COMPOSITION?

SO WE ARE INCLUDING ANYBODY WITH THE FLU-LIKE ILLNESS.

>> Ted: IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU LOOK AT PATIENT'S MEDICAL HISTORY AND WHAT IMMUNOLOGY MAKEUP AND A DEEP DIVE HERE?

>> YES, THAT'S VERY, VERY IMPORTANT AND AS A HUMAN BEING, WE RESPOND TO THE VACCINE DIFFERENTLY AND WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND, OK, SO, LIKE, IF SOMEONE GOT THE THREW, FLU, IN SPITE OF THE VACCINATION, WHY DID THEY GET THE FLU AND WE DO GET THEIR MEDICAL HISTORY, OF COURSE, WITH THEIR CONSENT AND WE WANT TO KNOW WHAT KIND OF A VACCINE THEY GOT AND HOW MANY MONTHS BEFORE THEY GOT THE VACCINE AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

>> Ted: AGE, GENDER?

>> YES, YES, WE COLLECT THE INFORMATION, AGE, GENDER AND, ALSO, YOU KNOW IN CASE OF OUR STUDY, WE ARE ALSO TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE SOCIOECONOMICS AND HOW THAT AFFECTS THE VACCINATION, AS WELL AS THE MEDICAL ACCESS TO CARE AND THINGS LIKE THAT, AS WELL.

SO IT'S A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY.

>> Ted: GENETIC MAKEUP, AS WELL, OR IS THAT GOING A LITTLE TOO FAR?

>> THAT'S A LITTLE TOO FAR AND NOT DOING A GENETIC MAKEUP OR LOOKING AT THE GENETICS OF THE INDIVIDUALS AT THIS POINT.

WE'RE JUST LOOKING AT THEIR VACCINATION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VACCINATIONS AND THE INFECTION.

>> Ted: AND NOW, IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU'RE WORKING WITH PHOENIX CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL JUST TO GET A BROADER NET.

>> YES.

AND HEALTH SERVICES, THESE ARE LIKE COLLEGE KIDS AND MAJORITY OF THEM AND WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND, AS YOU MENTIONED, THE BROAD SPECTRUM AND RESPONDING AND THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS WE'RE PARTNERING WITH THE MANY DIFFERENT GROUPS AND VALLEY WISE IS A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL AND THEY GIVE CARE FOR LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES AND WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT, AS WELL.

>> Ted: REALLY QUICKLY, WILL YOU UNDERSTAND WHY SOME COMMUNITIES ARE VACCINE ADVERSE?

>> THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS, LIKE IN THE SOCIOECONOMICS, THE QUESTIONNAIRE WE'LL ASK, WHAT ARE THE -- WHY THEY'RE HESITANT TO GET VACCINES, YES.

>> Ted: INTERESTING STUFF.

ASU BIODESIGN INSTITUTE, THANK YOU FUND.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US AND YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING!

POINT.

♪♪