[♪ THEME MUSIC ♪] >>> COMING UP IN THE NEXT HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS ON ARIZONA PBS, ORN "ARIZONA HORIZON," DETAILS ON A NEW PLAN TO TAKE LESS WATER OUT OF THE COLORADO RIVER.

AND ON AND ON "CRONKITE NEWS,"A LOCAL STORE WORKS TO HELP MAKE IT EASIER FOR PARENTS TO FIND TOYS FOR HOLIDAY GIFT GIVING.

THAT'S ALL AHEAD ON THE NEXT HOUR OF ARIZONA PBS.

>>> GOOD EVENING, AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

I'M TED SIMONS.

A JURY IN GEORGIA TODAY FOUND THREE WHITED MEN GUILTY OF THE MURDER OF AHMAUD ARBERY.

THE DEFENDANTS WERE ALL CONVICTED OF FELONY MURDER ALONG WITH A NUMBER OF OTHER CHARGES.

>> I NEVER THOUGHT THIS DAY WOULD COME.

BUT GOD IS GOOD.

THANK YOU.

THANK YOU FOR THOSE WHO MARCHED, THOSE WHO PRAYED, MOSTLY TO THOSE WHO PRAYED.

>> ALL LIVES MATTER, NOT JUST BLACK CHILDREN.

WE DON'T WANT TO SEE NOBODY GO THROUGH THIS.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

>> SO IT'S ALL OUR PROBLEM.

SO LET'S KEEP FIGHTING AND KEEP JOINING.

>>> ARIZONA ADDED MORE THAN 4,000 NEW CASES OF COVID-19 TODAY.

AND CLOSE TO 2600 CASES ARE NOW HOSPITALIZED WITH COVID CASES.

SNOWBALL HAS A LIMITED OPENING TODAY.

AND SNOW MAKING OPERATIONS CONTINUE.

BOTH SUNRISE AND SNOW BOWL BOTH SUGGEST CHECKING THEIR WEBSITES FOR UPDATES.

>>> LAYOFFS ARE NOW HITTING NEW LOWS.

IF YOU ARE THINKING ABOUT TRAVELING THIS HOLIDAY WEEKEND, YOU ARE NOT ALONE.

>> THERE IS A LOT MORE CONFIDENCE.

PEOPLE ARE FEELING BETTER ABOUT TRAVELING, AND PEOPLE ARE STILL GOING TO TAKE THEIR TRIP.

GAS PRICES ARE UP 62% FROM THIS TIME LAST YEAR.

THE CURRENT YEAR TO YEAR INCREASE IS THE LARGEST SINCE 1990.

>>> WATER OFFICIALS ARE WORKING ON A PLAN THAT WOULD TAKES LESS WATER FROM THE COLORADO RIVER.

WE LEARNED MORE FROM SARAH PORTER.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

WHAT IS THE PLAN?

>> TOP WATER NEGOTIATORS HAVE ANNOUNCED A PLAN TO LEAVE MORE WATER IN LAKE MEAD IN ADDITION TO THE WATER SCHEDULED OR AGREED UPON TO BE LEFT IN LAKE MEAD.

AND WE HAVE TALKED BEFORE ABOUT THE DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLAN THAT INVOLVING LEAVES WATER IN LAKE MEAD TO A CERTAIN POINT.

>> TO SAME IN 2023, WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

>> 500,000 ACRE FEET IS ENOUGH TO SUPPLY ABOUT 1.5 MILLION HOMES.

AND THE PLAN RIGHT NOW WITH THE DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLAN HAS ARIZONA TAKING A CUT OF THAT WATER.

SO WE'RE LOOKING AT USERS WHO WILL VOLUNTARILY LEAVE WATER IN LAKE IMMEDIATE, AND WE HAVE HAD ASSURANCES THAT DIFFERENT LARGE WATER-USERS ARE AGREEING.

SO PREDICT THAT WILL BE SOME OF THE TRIBAL HOLDERS, AND OTHERS.

>> INTERESTING.

AND AGAIN, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT SEPARATE AND APART FROM ANOTHER DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLAN?

>> YES.

AND THIS COULD BE SEEN AS ANOTHER STEP.

THE REASON WE HAD TO COME UP WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES TO BE TAKEN, BECAUSE THERE IS A PROJECTION, IS WHILE THE PLAN WILL HELP, IT ISN'T DOING ENOUGH.

SO THE THREE STATES GOT TOGETHER AND CAME UP WITH THIS NEW PLAN, AND IT IS GOING TO COST ABOUT $100 MILLION TO PAY PARTIES TO LEAVE THEIR WATER IN LAKE MEAD.

>> YEAH, AND HAS ITS CAPACITY EVER BEEN THERE LOW?

>> NO.

AND IT WILL KEEP -- HOPEFULLY -- KEEP IT FROM GOING DOWN QUICKLY.

>> WOW.

AND FORECASTS ARE SHOWING THAT IS A REAL POSSIBILITY.

>> YES.

IF NO ADDITIONAL STEPS ARE TAKEN IT WILL GO BELOW 1030.

AND WHEN YOU GET TO 10 -- 1,030 ELEVATION, THAT IS SUPER CONCERNING.

>> IT SOUNDS SO UNMANAGEABLE.

>> YEAH.

>> WHAT WE NEED OBVIOUSLY IS MORE PRECIPITATION, BUT WHAT WE REALLY NEED IS SNOW UP IN THE ROCKIES?

>> YEAH.

THAT IS THE MAJOR WATER SUPPLY FOR THE COLORADO RIVER SYSTEM, BECAUSE THE REGION HAS BECOME DRIER AND HOTTER -- THE INFLOWS INTO THE SYSTEM IS AT ABOUT 33% OF AVERAGE.

SO WE WOULDN'T JUST NEED ONE YEAR, WE WOULD NEED SEVERAL YEARS OF SNOW PACK.

>> AND ARE THERE CONCERNS THAT IT IS GOING TO START BECOMING EVERY MAN FOR HIMSELF HERE?

>> I'M NOT CON CONCERNED WITH THAT.

WE'RE LOOKING AHEAD, AND EVEN IN THIS INSTANCE, WE'RE LOOKING AT A LARGE CONSERVATION PLAN, AND THE THREE STATES CAME TO THAT AGREEMENT WITHIN ABOUT THREE MONTHS.

SO THERE ARE VERY FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND CITIES AND OTHER WATER PLANNERS HAVE SEEN THIS TYPE OF CONTINGENCY COMING.

THERE IS WATER IN RESERVE TO BRIDGE US THROUGH, SO THIS ISN'T GOING TO BE A SITUATION WHERE WE WAKE UP AND THERE IS NO QUARTER.

BUT IT IS AN ALL-HANDS ON DECK SITUATION.

>> ALL RIGHT.

SARAH PORTER THANK >>> UP NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON," THE LATEST ON WHAT'S KNOWN ABOUT BRAIN FOG FROM LONG-HAUL COVID.

>>> COVID BRAIN FOG IS A CONDITION THAT CAN OCCUR AMONG THOSE WHO GET SICK WITH COVID-19.

WE TALKED ASHE IT WITH DR. MARIE GRILL OF THE MAYO CLINIC.

AND DR. MARIE GRILL, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

LET'S DEFINE TERMS.

WHAT IS BRAIN FOG.

>> IT IS AN EXCELLENT QUESTION, AND A CHALLENGING ONE TO ANSWER.

WE HAVE COME TO THINK OF IT AS A SUBJECT SITUATION OF MENTAL FATIGUE, A LACK OF COGNITIVE CLARITY.

>> SO LEARNING NEW INFORMATION, SPEED OF PROCESSING INFORMATION, THAT SORT OF THING?

>> PRECISELY.

>> SO THIS HAS GOT TO BE A REAL THING, RIGHT?

>> IT IS.

IT IS PATIENTS WHO HAVE HAD COVID INFEBRUARYING -- INFECTIONS AND ARE STILL EXPIERCING THE SITUATIONS.

WE HAVE SEEN COGNITIVE SITUATIONS IN THESE PATIENTS WHO HAVE BEEN CRITICALLY ILL AND HOSPITALIZED AND OTHER PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECOVERED FROM MINE NOR SYMPTOMS AT HOME.

>> ARE THERE AGE GROUPS THAT ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE.

>> PEOPLE WHO ARE OLDER IN AGE ARE MORE AT RISKING.

WHAT IS INTERESTING ABOUT COVID AGAIN, IS THAT EVEN IN PATIENTS THAT DON'T FIT IN THAT GROUP ARE STILL EXPERIENCING THESE SYMPTOMS.

THERE WAS A STUDY THAT WAS PUBLISHED OUT OF NEW YORK, WHERE THEY TRIED TO DETERMINE WHAT KINDS OF ISSUES THAT WERE EXHIBITED AFTERWARDS.

IN THAT STUDY, IT DID SEEM THOSE WHO WERE HOSPITALIZED, THE SICKEST ONES WERE THE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE THE MOST ISSUES, BUT EVEN IN THE GROUP THAT DIDN'T REQUIREMENT HOSPITALIZATION, THEY EXPERIENCED SOME RISKS.

>> DOES IT COME ON QUICKLY, GRADUALLY, OR GO AWAY QUICKLY OR GRADUALLY?

>> MOST OF THE PATIENTS THAT FALL UNDER THAT LONG-HAUL SYNDROME, PEOPLE WERE STILL EXPERIENCING SIGNIFICANT SYMPTOMS.

IT SEEMS IT IS MORE OF AN ACUTE ON SET RATHER THAN ALL OF A SUDDEN.

>> INTERESTING.

WHEN IT COULD THIS BE THE CASE OF AN OVERACTIVE IMMUNE SYMPTOM?

>> THERE IS A LOT OF RESEARCH UNDERWAY TO TRY TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE MECHANISM OF THIS SYNDROME.

WHEN WE THINK ABOUT NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AT LARGE, THERE ARE SOME THAT HAVE BIOLOGICAL ENGAGEMENT.

BUT AS YOU HAVE ALLUDED TO, A LOT OF WHAT WE SEE FROM THE INITIAL INFECTION SEEMS TO BE DRIVEN BY THE IMMUNE CYST TOM.

>> AND I WOULD IMAGINE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS TO BE AT PLAY AS WELL.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

AS WELL AS THE FATIGUE FACTOR.

SO THE FATIGUE COMPONENT CAN MANIFEST, AND ALSO THE MENTAL FATIGUE.

>> SO LAST QUESTION, TREATMENT -- WHAT OPTIONS ARE OUT THERE?

>> WE ARE SO GRATEFUL TO PATIENTS FOR SHARING THIS EXPERIENCE WITH US, BECAUSE IN DESCRIBING THEIR OWN EXPERIENCES, AND WE CAN HELP TO DEVELOP STRATEGIES TO TAYLOR COGNATIVE REHAB.

WE'RE HERE TO SUPPORT PATIENTS THROUGH THE JOURNEY AND HELP IN THE RECOVERY PROCESS.

>> DR. MARIE GRILL THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>>> TWO RESEARCHERS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA WHERE USING RESEARCHER TO GENERATE PARTS.

GENTLEMEN THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

3-D PRINTING, AND USING IT IN JET ENGINE PARTS.

WHO KNEW THAT 3-D-PRINTED STUFF WAS IN JET ENGINES.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US ON.

WE USED A POWDER TO FORM A LASER.

AND WE CAN SPREAD THESE LAYERS ONE BY ONE, AND MAKE THEM IN DIFFERENT GGEOMETRIES.

SO IT'S REALLY A GREAT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, BUT WE'RE REALLY TRYING TO ENSURE THE QUALITY THAT COMES OUT OF THIS TECHNOLOGY.

>> AND, AGAIN, THE KINDS OF PARTS -- THESE ARE PRETTY INTRICATE SOUNDING.

>> YEAH, THANK YOU ALSO FOR HAVING US.

FOR JET ENGINES IT'S A WHOLE DIFFERENT BALL GAME.

IT'S QUALIFICATION OF THESE PARTS, AND YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THIS [ INAUDIBLE ] OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT, SO YOU HAVE GOT TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERYTHING A R -- ARE SHIPPING OUT IS QUALIFIED, AND THE WAY TO DO THAT IS NOT QUITE EASY FOR SUCH A COMPLICATED PROCESS AND COMPLICATED PARTS.

AND THIS IS ONE OF THE THINGS WE SET OUT TO BE ABLE TO HELP WITH THIS QUALIFICATION.

>> AND ANDREW, WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT HERE.

>> MRO -- PROCESS MONITORING, WE HAVE DATA THAT WE CAN USE TO DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE METAL STRUCTURES WITHIN THE PROCESS.

SO WE CAN EXTRAPOLATE ABOUT HOW IT WILL BEHAVE.

>> AND ALSO THE MATERIALS INVOLVED, MAKING SURE THERE ARE NO -- FOR LACK OF A BETTER PHRASE A BUBBLE OR CRACK.

>> YES, EXACTLY.

THESE DEFECTS COULD HAPPEN FOR A HOST OF REASONS.

AND THERE ARE HUGE AMOUNTS OF DATA THAT YOU CAN GET A HUMAN TO LOOK AT THIS AND TELL YOU WHAT IS GOING ON.

SO WE CAN TELL IF THERE IS SOMETHING GOING WRONG WITH THE PROCESS, AND FIX IT OR FIX IT OR STOP THE PROCESS.

>> SO THIS IS WHERE YOU GUYS COME IN, RIGHT?

HOW DEEP DO YOU LOOK FOR THESE DEFECTS?

>> YEAH, WE ARE REALLY LOOKING AT THE MICROSCOPIC LEVEL, AND WE ACTUALLY CUT UP A LOT OF THESE PARTS AND LOOK AT THESE DEFECTS TO REALLY FIND WHERE WE CAN CORRELATE THESE OBSERVATIONS, AND THEN WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE MATERIALS WILL BEHAVE OVER MANY, MANY CYCLES OF THE AIRCRAFT TAKING OFF AND LANDING, AND ALL OF THESE FOLKS UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP.

SO WE DO MAINTENANCE ON JET ENGINES AND UNDERSTANDING THAT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROCESS HOW IT IS GOING TO BEHAVE OVER TIME.

AND LOCKHEED MARTIN, BOTTOM LINE IS, I GUESS IS, WHAT JUST IMPROVING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS, HUH?

>> YEAH, EXACTLY.

PRODUCING MORE PARTS WITH CONSISTENT QUALITY, SO IT IS ALSO AN ECONOMIC ASPECT OF IT, IN ADDITION TO THE [ INAUDIBLE ] ASPECT OF IT.

>> WELL, CONGRATULATIONS TO YOU BOTH.

GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY.

TRZ >>> AND THAT IS IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

♪ >>> COMING UP, ON CRONKITE NEWS, A STUDENT'S PROJECT EARNS A VISIT TO THE WHITE HOUSE.