♪ COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, A LOOK AT NEW STATE LAWS AFFECTING ARIZONA'S BUSINESS COMMUNITY AND CONSUMERS.

ALSO TONIGHT, A NEW, NON-INVASIVE WAY TO DETECT CORONARY ARTERY BLOCKAGES.

AND, AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT CHRONIC STRESS AND HOW IT CAN AFFECT ONE'S HEALTH.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT, ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

>> THIS HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS HAS BEEN MADE POSSIBLE WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM MEMBERS OF PBS, MEMBERS OF THE PBS STATION, THANK YOU.

GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

STATE SENATOR JAKE HOFFMAN HAS FILED A MOTION TO HAVE HIS FAKE-ELECTOR INDICTMENT THROWN OUT.

HOFFMAN CLAIMS THAT ATTORNEY GENERAL KRIS MAYES FILED THE INDICTMENT TO RETALIATE AGAINST HOFFMAN AND THE OTHER DEFENDENTS IN THE CASE BECAUSE THEY QUESTIONED THE ACCURACY OF THE 2020 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND ACTED ON THOSE CONCERNS.

HOFFMAN CLAIMS THAT MAYES IS TRYING TO, QUOTE, SHAME AND PUNISH HER POLITICAL OPPONENTS FOR EXERCISING THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.

HOFFMAN JOINS FORMER TRUMP ATTORNEY JOHN EASTMAN IN MOVING TO DISMISS THEIR INDICTMENTS.

HOMELAND SECURITY SECRETARY ALEJANDRO MAYORKAS WAS IN TUCSON TODAY, WHERE HE ANNOUNCED THAT ARRESTS FOR ILLEGAL BORDER CROSSINGS HAVE DROPPED MORE THAN 40 PERCENT SINCE THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION'S RESTRICTIONS ON ASYLUM PROCESSING.

IN THREE WEEKS, WE HAVE OPERATED OVER 100 INTERNATIONAL REPATRONIZATION FLIGHTS MORE THAN 20 COUNTRIES AND REMOVED OR RETURNED MORE THAN 24,000 INDIVIDUALS.

MAYORKAS ADDED THAT THE NUMBERS WOULD BE EVEN HIGHER HAD CONGRESS PASSED COMPROMISE BORDER LEGISLATION.

>> THE BIPARTISAN BORDER AGREEMENT WOULD HAVE ADDED 1,500 BORDER PATROL AGENTS AND CPB OFFICERS, ADD 1,200 IMMIGRATIONS AND CUSTOMS PERSONNEL AND MORE.

WE ARE CONTINUING TO CALL ON CONGRESS TO PROVIDE THE RESOURCES WE NEED TO SUPPORT OUR MEN AND WOMEN ON THE FRONT LINES OF OUR BORDER.

THE TUCSON SECTOR WAS THE BUSIEST CORRIDOR FOR ILLEGAL CROSSINGS FOR MUCH OF LAST YEAR.

AUTHORITIES SAY THAT AVERAGE DAILY ARRESTS IN THE SECTOR HAVE DROPPED 50 PERCENT SINCE THE PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION WAS IMPLEMENTED.

AND THE U.S. SUPREME COURT TODAY DID NOT RELEASE RULINGS ON LONG-AWAITED, HIGH-PROFILE CASES THAT COULD AFFECT THE 2024 ELECTIONS.

THE HIGH COURT DID ISSUE TWO OTHER OPINIONS TODAY.

ONE ALLOWS FEDERAL AGENCIES TO CONTINUE PUSHING SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TO REMOVE CONTENT THAT THE GOVERNMENT SEES AS MIS- INFORMATION.

THE OTHER OPINION LIMITS ANTI-PUBLIC CORRUPTION LAW IN A CASE OUT OF INDIANA.

THE JUST COMPLETED STATE LEGISLATIVE SESSION INCLUDED THE PASSING OF A NUMBER OF NEW LAWS AFFECTING BUSINESSES AND CONSUMERS.

JOINING US NOW TO TALK ABOUT THESE NEW LAWS IS ALEXIS GLASCOCK AN ATTORNEY AND THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RELATIONS AT FENNEMORE.

GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> DID WE HAVE MORE OF THESE KINDS OF BILLS COMING INTO LAW THIS YEAR?

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

>> MORE -- ACTUALLY, WHAT'S REALLY INTERESTING, ABOUT 274 THAT WERE SIGN FOOD IN LAW, THERE WERE ACTUALLY ABOUT 1700 THAT WERE INTRODUCED INCLUDING SOME MEMORIAL RESOLUTIONS.

THAT'S THE LARGEST WE'VE SEEN DOWN AT THE CAPITOL.

>> AS FAR AS BUSINESS, MORE OR OBLIGATION OR ABOUT THE SAME?

>> MAYBE A LITTLE LESS ON THE BUSINESS, BUT ABOUT THE SAME.

>> INTERESTING.

LET'S TALK ABOUT DEEP FAKE BILLS.

BECAUSE I KNOW ONE BILL MADE IT, IT REGARDS DISCLOSURES REQUIRED DURING ELECTION.

WHAT IS THIS ALL ABOUT.

>> THIS IS REALLY INTERESTING, TED, AND AS WE NEED THIS ELECTION, I'M SURE YOU KNOW THIS, ARIZONA WILL HAVE ABOUT $821 MILLION OF ADVERTISING MONEY COME IN BECAUSE WE'RE ONE OF THE TOP STATES THAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING AT.

WHAT THIS BILL DOES IS IT REQUIRES 90 DAYS BEFORE AN ELECTION, ANYBODY WHO HAS USED AI, HAS CREATED FALSE ADVERTISING THROUGH -- I SAY FALSE, BUT IT HAS TO BE WITH THE INTENT TO DEFRAUD OR HARASS, AND THEY HAVE USED VOICE RECORDINGS OR IMAGES OR VIDEOS DEPICTING A CANDIDATE IN A LIKENESS THAT MEETS THOSE QUALIFICATIONS THEY WILL BE FINED PENALTIES UNLESS THEY TAKE IT DOWN BEFORE 90 DAYS.

AND THE ELECTION, AS YOU KNOW, IN NOVEMBER.

SO REALLY BY SEPTEMBER 14th, THOSE ADS HAVE TO BE DOWN.

>> BUT THOSE ADS DON'T HAVE TO BE DOWN BEFORE SEPTEMBER 14th.

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

THE LAW BECOMES EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 14th.

>> IS THERE A BUNCH OF FIGHT ON THIS?

>> REALLY THERE WASN'T BECAUSE I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED, NOBODY WANTS TO HAVE THAT FALSE ADVERTISING ABOUT THEM WHERE IT'S THEIR LIKENESS, THEIR IMAGE AND PEOPLE THINK IT'S THEM MAKING A STATEMENT AND IT'S NOT.

>> HOW DO YOU PROVE IT'S A DEEP FAKE?

>> WELL, THE ONE EXEMPTION IS IF YOU PUT ON THERE -- IF THERE'S A STATEMENT THAT A REASONABLE PERSON THINK IT WAS CLEAR AND CONCISE THAT IT IS NOT THE ACTUAL PERSON MAKING THE STATEMENT, THEN YOU'RE EXEMPT FROM THE FINES AND PENALTIES.

>> INTERESTING.

ALL RIGHT, KIND OF LIKE ACTORS PORTRAYING REAL PEOPLE, CHILD THIS OF THING?

>> YES.

>> AUTOMATED ONLINE TICKET EVENTS.

WE THE TAYLOR SWIFT WHOLE RIG MA ROLE HERE.

IS THAT WHAT THIS IS ABOUT.

>> YES, IT REALLY IS.

NOT JUST THAT, BUT SPORTING EVENTS AND OTHER ENTERS THAT PEOPLE WANT TO GO TO AND THEY GO ONLINE TO BUY TICKETS AND YOU CAN ONLY BUY THREE OR FOUR, AND SOMETIMES YOU CAN'T BUY ANY BECAUSE THEY'RE ALL SOLD OUT.

THE ARIZONA LEGISLATURE WORKED HARD.

CONSULTANTS HELPED THEM TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY CAPTURED EVERY WAY THAT A BOT COULD GO IN AND APPEAR TO BE A PERSON AND BUY, YOU KNOW, HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS OF TICKETS, AND THEN THEY SELL THEM ON ANOTHER ONLINE PLATFORM AT A HIGHER PRICE.

>> IT SEEMS TO REALLY GO AFTER BOTS.

HOW ARE BOTS DEFINED IN THIS LEGISLATION?

>> WELL, THERE'S SEVERAL DEFINITIONS IN THERE.

BUT BASICALLY IT'S A COMPUTER THAT TRIES TO TAKE -- PRESENT SEVERAL IP ADDRESSES OR SEVERAL DIFFERENT EMAILS, WHEN IN FACT IT'S JUST ONE COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IT.

>> SO THAT'S OUT FOR NOW.

>> WELL, YES.

>> AND AGAIN, AS FAR AS ENFORCEMENT, HOW DO YOU ENFORCE SOMETHING LIKE THIS?

>> IT'S GOING TO BE ENFORCED BECAUSE THERE'S A PENALTY OF $10,000 PER TICKET.

AND WE KNOW THE AG WILL BE AGGRESSIVE IN GOING AFTER ANYBODY WHO DOES THIS, SO WE ANTICIPATE THAT IT WILL SERIOUSLY DECREASE THE INCENTIVE FOR PEOPLE TO DO THAT.

>> ALSO PASSING, HERE'S A FAMILIAR ONE, THE TAMALE BILL.

IT FINALLY PASSED INTO LAW.

WHAT CHANGED FROM LAST YEAR WHEN IT WAS VETOED TO THIS YEAR WHEN IT WAS SIGNED?

>> WELL, THAT IS THE REALLY INTERESTING QUESTION BECAUSE NOT A LOT CHANGED.

BUT WHAT IS RELATIVE THAT DID CHANGE IS THAT NOW YOU CAN HAVE COOK -- WHAT IS RELEVANT IS YOU CAN HAVE COOKED POULTRY OR MEAT INSIDE THOSE PRODUCTS.

PREVIOUSLY YOU COULD NOT.

BUT FOR THE MOST PART THE BILL IS VERY SIMILAR TO LAST YEAR'S BILL IN TERMS OF THE REQUIREMENTS.

THERE'S NOT ANYTHING REALLY NEW IN TERMS OF FOOD HANDLING REQUIREMENTS, THINGS LIKE THAT.

>> AND THE FOLKS THAT ARE SELLING THEIR STUFF THAT THEY COOKED AT THE COLLEGE, BASICALLY HOME COOKED, CORRECT?

>> RIGHT.

SO THE FAVORITE TAMALE, THE LADY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD WHO MAKES THESE GREAT TAMALES AND EVERYBODY WANTS TO GO BUY THEM, NOW SHE CAN HAVE CHICKEN AND MEAT, BUT WHAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IS THERE'S MORE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONSUMER TO LOOK AND CHECK AND MAKE SURE THAT THEY KNOW WHO'S MAKING -- WHO'S COOKING THE FOOD, BECAUSE THERE'S FOOD-BORNE ILLNESSES THAT CAN OCCUR IF MEAT PRODUCTS AREN'T COOKED FOR A LONG ENOUGH TIME OR AT A HIGH ENOUGH TEMPERATURE.

SO AS LONG AS, YOU KNOW, EVERYBODY'S GONE TO THE SAME LADY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OR GENTLEMAN WHO MAKES BURRITOS FOREVER, AND YOU KNOW THEY'RE SAFE, THEN THAT'S FINE.

BUT THERE IS NOT THE SAME REQUIREMENTS AS A RESTAURANT WOULD SELL FOOD.

>> AND HOW MUCH FOOD INSPECTION IS REQUIRED?

>> NOT A LOT.

BASICALLY IN ORDER TO SELL -- UNDER THE FOOD EXEMPTION, HAVE YOU TO BE REGISTER THE WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES.

YOU REGISTER ONLINE, YOU GET A NUMBER.

THEN EACH COUNTY IS DIFFERENT.

SOME COUNTIES REQUIRE AN IN-PERSON FOOD HANDLER'S COURSE.

OTHERS DO IT ONLINE, AND YET THERE ARE SOME THAT DON'T HAVE A REQUIREMENT.

>> INTERESTING.

>> SO IT PUTS THE BURDEN ON THE CONSUMER, BUT IT LETS US HAVE THESE WONDERFUL FOODS WITH MORE INGREDIENTS.

>> IF YOU KNOW YOU'RE NEIGHBOR, YOU'RE OKAY.

ELECTION VERIFICATION.

SOUNDS LIKE MORE TIME FOR COUNTY RECORDERS TO VERIFY SIGNATURES.

IS THAT WHAT I'M SEEING HERE?

>> THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT.

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CHANGED A LAW AND THAT REQUIRED ARIZONA IN ORDER COMPLY WITH IT TO MOVE THE PRIMARY UP.

INSTEAD OF AUGUST 6th, IT'S NOW JULY 30th.

SO THE EARLY BALLOTS WILL BE MAILED OUT ON JULY 3rd.

AND THE THING THAT IT'S GOING TO DO FOR THE COUNTY RECORDERS IS GIVE THEM MORE TIME TO -- IF THERE'S A CLOSED ELECTION TO COUNT THOSE VOTES, AND ALSO THEY'LL HAVE MORE TIME AFTER THE PRIMARY IS OVER TO MAIL OUT THE GENERAL BALLOTS TO PEOPLE WHO ARE OVERSEAS AND IN THE MILITARY.

>> IMPACT ON THINGS LIKE CURING BALLOTS, HAND COUNTS... >> IN TERMS OF CURING THE BALLOT, NOW INSTEAD OF THREE DAYS, IF SOMEBODY DIDN'T SIGN THEIR NAME PROPERLY OR THEY FORGOT TO SIGN, IT THEY CAN NOW TAKE AN ADDITIONAL TWO DAYS, SO FIVE DAYS.

SO -- AND IF THE COUNTY RECORDER -- IF IT'S SATURDAY, THEY'LL BE OPEN SO YOU CAN GO IN ON SATURDAY OR SOUND CURE THAT BALLOT.

THE OTHER THING THAT'S INTERESTING IS THAT IN ORDER TO EXPEDITE THE PROCESSING ACCOUNTING, YOU CAN NOW -- YOU'LL BE ABLE TO GO IN IF YOU HAVE AN EARLY BALLOT.

A LOT OF THE BALLOTS WERE DELIVEREDED THE DAY OF OR THE DAY BEFORE.

YOU CAN GO IN WITH YOUR DRIVER'S LICENSE OR WHATEVER IDENTIFICATION YOU HAVE, SHOW IT TO THEM, AND THEN THEY'LL VERIFY THAT THAT'S YOUR SIGNATURE AT THE POLLING PLACE SO THAT INSTEAD OF GOING INTO THE PILE WITH ALL THAT HAVE TO BE COUNTED, IT GOES INTO THE OTHER FILE VERIFIED, DONE, READY TO GO.

>> BEFORE YOU GO, THE CASITA BILL, THIS IS KIND OF LATE IN THE SESSION HERE, IT'S A BIG DEAL.

IF I REMEMBER CORRECTLY, IT WAS LIKE ONLY IN MUNICIPALITIES OF 75,000 OR MORE.

WHAT IS THE NEW LAW ALL ABOUT?

>> IT'S CALLED THE CASITA BILL, THE CASITA LAW.

WHAT IT DOES IS, FOR PEOPLE WHO WANT TO -- AFFORDABLE HOUSE SOMETHING A BIG ISSUE.

ABOUT 270,000 HOUSING UNITS ARE NEEDED RIGHT NOW TODAY.

SO THE IDEA IS IN AREAS THAT ARE CLOSE TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, AND WITHIN A MILE OF THOSE, PEOPLE CAN WITHOUT THE MUNICIPALITIES INTERFERING, THEY HAVE TO COMPLY WITH THIS AND THEY HAVE A YEAR.

STARRING ON SEPTEMBER 14th, IF YOU WANT TO GO AHEAD AND BEGIN BUILDING AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT THAT YOUR BACKYARD, YOU CAN DO THAT IF YOU'RE WITHIN THAT AREA.

YOU CAN ALSO TAKE, SAY, A GARAGE OR AN ARIZONA ROOM AND MAKE THAT INTO ANOTHER UNIT.

>> IF YOU MAKE THESE INTO THESE ACCESSORY UNITS, DO THEY HAVE TO BE RENTED FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME?

SHORT-TERM RENTALS, THAN 20 A PROBLEM WITH THIS STUFF?

>> EXACTLY.

AND THAT WAS KIND OF A FIGHT WITH THIS LAW.

BASICALLY IN ORDER TO DEAL WITH THAT, IT REQUIRES THE OWNER OF THE PROPERTY TO LIVE THERE.

THEY HAVE TO BE THERE.

WITH THAT SAID, YOU COULD HAVE SEVERAL SHORT-TERM RENTALS GOING ON OR LONG TERM.

THE IDEA TO HAVE LONG-TERM RENTALS, BUT THEY CAN BE MONTH MONTH.

SO -- >> THAT WAS A BATTLE.

>> THAT WAS THE BATTLE.

>> YEAH.

ALEXIS GLASSCOCK, GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> YOU BET.

>> THERE IS A ANY NON-INVASIVE WAY OF PROTECTING POTENTIAL CORONARY BLOCKAGES THAT INVOLVE A 3D IMAGING TEST AND DOES NOT INVOLVE THE KIND OF RISKS THAT COME WITH MORE INVASIVE PROCEDURES.

A RADIOLOGIST FROM BANNER MEDICAL, THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE, DOCTOR.

>> THANK YOU.

>> TALK TO US NOW ABOUT THIS NEW WAY TO MAYBE IDENTIFY BLOCKAGES.

>> AS YOU KNOW, THE HEART HAS MULTIPLE ARTERIES THAT ARE FEEDING IT.

AND TYPICALLY, HISTORICALLY IN THE PAST WHEN IT WAS NECESSARY TO CHECK THE -- THOSE ARTERIES, THERE WAS AN INVASIVE PROCEDURE THAT WAS PERFORMED BY A VERY HIGHLY SKILLED PHYSICIAN CALLED AN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGIST.

THIS REQUIRED ANY SURGERY WITH ADVANCES IN IMAGES.

CURRENTLY IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN THE SAME LEVEL AND ACCURACY OF INFORMATION USING NON-DIAGNOSTIC CT EXAMINATIONS, WHICH IS VERY EXCITING.

>> AND LET'S TALK ABOUT THIS.

THIS IS LIKE A COLOR-CODED, 3D IMAGE.

IT'S MADE OF AN IMAGING.

IT'S BASICALLY THEY TAKE THE CT ANGIOGRAM IMAGES THAT ARE OBTAINED DURING THE COURSE OF THE CORONARY CT EXAMINATION FOR THE PATIENT, AND THEY ASSESS THE INSIDE OF THE CORONARY ARTERY TO SEE IF THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT BLOCKAGE THAT REQUIRES AN INTERVENTION BY AN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGIST.

AND THEY PRESENT THAT INFORMATION TO THE CARDIOLOGIST FOR MANAGEMENT TO THE PATIENT.

>> AND BASICALLY WHAT -- >> THIS IS THE POTENTIAL.

HOW ACCURATE ARE THESE AS OPPOSED TO DOING WHAT THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUES WERE, WHICH WERE MORE INVASE SNIFF.

>> IT IS EXTREMELY ACCURATE.

THAT'S THE -- THAT'S ONE OF THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF THE EXAMINATION.

BASICALLY, IF YOU HAVE AN ARTERY THAT DOES NOT DEMONSTRATE ANY SIGNIFICANT BLOCKAGE, THE PATIENT CAN BE MANAGED MEDICALLY WITHOUT THE NEED FOR THEIR INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES.

AND THAT IS ABLE TO TAKE CARE OF MANY PATIENTS THAT NO LONGER NEED DIAGNOSTIC CAUTERIZATION BY AN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGIST.

>> I WAS GOING TO ASK WHEN IS THIS KIND OFTETTE RECOMMENDED?

WHEN IS IT THE RIGHT THING TO DO?

>> IT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ANYBODY WHO IS NOT IN CURRENT -- CURRENTLY EXPERIENCING A HEART ATTACK, AN ONGOING HEART ATTACK.

IF SOMEBODY IS CURRENTLY HAVING A PROBLEM WITH BLOCKAGE, THEY WOULD BE REQUIRED TO DO BE ASSESSED BY A CARDIOLOGIST.

WITH THAT DIAGNOSTIC CAUTERIZATION PROCEDURE THAT I SPOKE WITH YOU ABOUT, AND THAT IS WHERE HE PLACES A SMALL CATHETER EITHER THROUGH AN ARTERY IN THE ARM OR AN ARTERY IN THE LEG, AND GOES INTO THE CORONARY VESSELS ON EITHER SIDE.

THERE'S A DIAGNOSTIC ANGIOGRAM, WHICH BASICALLY IS AN IMAGING EXAMINATION, WHICH SHOWS THE ART REESE, AND IF A BLOCKAGE IS ENCOUNTERED, THEY PLACE A STINT.

NOW, IF THERE IS A CONCERN FOR CHEST PAIN BUT THE CARDIOLOGIST FEELS THAT THE PATIENT IS NOT HAVING A HEART ATTACK OUR THE PROBABILITY OF THE PATIENT HAVING A HEART ATTACK IS LOW AND THEY DO NOT HAVE ANY BIOCHEMICAL TESTS THAT'S USED IN ASSESSMENT OF OUR PATIENTS, THEN THIS EXAM IS AN EXCELLENT EXAM TO LOOK FOR A FOCAL BLOCKAGE.

IF A FOCAL BLOCKAGE IS NECESSARY, THIS ANSWER DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CAUTERIZATION WILL BE PERFORMED.

AND THEN THE PATIENT CAN BE MANAGED MEDICALLY AND SAVES THEM THE SURGERY, WHICH IS INCREDIBLE.

>> AND THIS IS CONJUNCTION WITH HEART FLOW.

>> CORRECT.

>> EXPLAIN, PLEASE.

>> SO HEART FLOW IS THE COMPANY THAT WAS STARTED BY VERY CLOSE COLLABORATION OF IMAGING EXPERTS IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR COLLEAGUES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY WHO DO THESE CAUTERIZATION PROCEDURES.

BASICALLY THEY HAD THIS PROBLEM WHERE THEY HAD MANY PATIENTS THAT THEY WEREN'T SURE IF THEY HAD A BLOCKAGE OR NOT, AND THEY WOULD KAT DIES THEM, AND IT WOULD END UP BEING A DIAGNOSTIC CAUTERIZATION, THEY BASICALLY WOULD PUT THOSE CATHETERS AND LOOK AT THE VESSELS AND IT WOULD BE COMPLETELY PATE ENTER.

AND IT WAS A SURGERY BEING DONE BECAUSE THERE WAS NO OTHER WAY TO ACCURATELY QUANTIFY THE EXTENT OF BLOCKAGE FOR THE PATIENT.

HOWEVER, WITH THIS NEW TOOL, WE ARE ABLE TO TAKE THE CTA IMAGES AND GIVE THEM A VERY ACCURATE ASSESSMENT OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES.

>> IT'S VERY ENCOURAGING.

DR. BEN, THANK YOU AGAIN FROM BANNER IMAGING.

ENCOURAGE NEWS.

THANKS FOR SHARING THE INFORMATION.

WE APPRECIATE IT.

INSIDE THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME ON.

♪ .

>> I'M JEFF BENNETT, TONIGHT ON THE NEWS HOUR, THE SUPREME COURT MISTAKENLY POST A DRAFT OPINION IN A KEY IDAHO ABORTION CASE.

DETAILS AT 6:00 ON ARIZONA PBS.

CHRONIC STRESS CAN IMPACT BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, RANGING FROM EATING AND SLEEP DISRUPTIONS TO GREATER CHANCES OF STROKE AND BRAIN DAMAGE.

MORE ON THIS, WE WELCOME LEAH DOANE, FROM ASU'S DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY.

THANKS FOR JOINING US.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

DEFINE CHRONIC STRESS.

WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT HERE.

>> CHRONIC STRESS IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT THAN PERHAPS WHAT I'M EXPERIENCING RIGHT NOW, RIGHT.

AN ACUTE STRESSOR OR A STRESS HEAR THAT IS SHORT-LIVED.

CHRONIC STRESS IS SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS OVER A PERIOD OF TIME.

SO EITHER A REPEATED EXPERIENCE OR PERHAPS LIKE A TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE, WHICH THEN SOMEONE REEXPERIENCES OVER AND OVER AGAIN.

>> SO PTSD PLAY AS PART IN THIS.

>> PTSD COULD BE PART OF ONE OUTCOME OF SOMETHING LIKE CHRONIC STRESS, OTHER EXAMPLES MIGHT BE POVERTY OR RACISM.

>> YES.

OKAY, YOU GOT YOUR CHRONIC STRESS HERE.

HOW DOES IT IMPACT THE BODY MENTALLY, PHYSICALLY?

>> SO OUR BODY IS ACTUALLY REALLY SMART, AND SO IN SOME WAYS OUR BODY IS DESIGNED TO REACT TO STRESS.

SO WHEN WE EXPERIENCE A STRESSOR, THERE'S A WHOLE CASCADE OF ACTIONS THAT HAPPEN STARTING IN THE BRAIN, AND BASICALLY ENDS UP WITH OUR BODY HAVING THE RESOURCES TO BE ABLE TO DEAL WITH THAT STRESSOR.

SO THAT'S UNDER WHAT WE WOULD THINK OF AS AN ACUTE STRESS.

WHEN WE SEE CHRONIC STRESS, WHAT HAPPENS IS OUR BODY IS TACKED, BECAUSE IT'S BEING ASKED TO RESPOND OVER AND OVER AND OVER AGAIN THAT PERCEIVED STRESSOR AND IT STOPS REACTING THE WAY THAT IT SHOULD.

>> AND EVEN IF THE STRESSOR ISN'T THERE, CORRECT?

>> CORRECT.

RIGHT.

THERE ARE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THIS.

SO SOME PEOPLE WILL JUST NEED A REMINDER OF THIS STRESSOR.

FOR OTHERS, IT MIGHT BE SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS TO THEM EVERY DAY.

HIGH LEVELS OF COMPETING DEMANDS, SO CARE TAKING WOULD WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE.

WHETHER IT'S A PARENT, A PARTNER, A CHILD, HIGH LEVELS OF CARE TAKING IS A CHRONIC STRESSOR ON THE BODY.

THE BODY THEN BECOMES USED TO THE STRESS, SO IT STOPS REACTING THE WAY IT SHOULD.

>> AND THAT'S NOT A GOOD THING.

>> NO, BECAUSE OUR BODY ISN'T REACTING OR GOING INTO THE RESOURCE THAT IS IT NEEDS AND THAT CAN LEAD TO WHAT WE CALL WEAR AND TEAR ON THE BODY.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT SOME OF THE SYMPTOMS NOW THAT SHOW THAT THE BODY IS SUFFERING FROM WEAR AND TEAR.

WHAT DO YOU GOT?

>> SO IN THE MOMENT WHEN WE FEEL STRESSED, RIGHT, WE HAVE THOSE PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS.

WE START SWEATING, OUR HEART RACES.

OVER TIME, THOUGH, WHAT CAN HAPPEN IS THAT WE START SEEING THAT WE'RE NOT FIGHTING DISEASE IN THE SAME WAY OR ILLNESSES.

SO OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM STARTS NOT TO REACT IN THE WAY IT SHOULD TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ILLNESSES THAT ARE PRESENTED.

OR WE'LL SEE THAT WE CAN DEVELOP CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES OVER TIME.

>> SO THE NOT REACTING BECAUSE IT SAYS THIS IS THE WAY IT'S ALWAYS BEEN AND WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?

>> IT'S A CASCADES OF EFFECTS.

BECAUSE IT'S BEEN TACKED, IT'S NOT REACTING IN THE RIGHT WAY TO THE STRESSOR, THEREFORE THE RIGHT TYPES OF RESOURCES.

SO WHETHER THAT'S GETTING ENERGY INTO OUR BLOOD STREAM TO BE ABLE TO DEAL WITH A STRESSOR AT HAND, THAT CAN BE REALLY TAXING ON THE BODY, AND IT STOPS PROVIDING INFORMATION BACK TO YOUR BRAIN TO SHUT OFF THAT STRESS RESPONSE.

SO IT'S USING THOSE RESOURCES.

>> IMPACT ON THINGS LIKE EATING, IMPACT ON THINGS LIKE SLEEPING.

>> YES.

SO I STUDY SLEEP, AS WELL.

SO WE KNOW THAT CHRONIC STRESS AND SLEEP ARE VERY LINKED.

SO FOR EXAMPLE, IF WE HAVE A STRESSFUL DAY, SOMETIMES WE GET INTO BED, AND WHAT'S THE HARDEST THING TO DO, TO SHUT IT OFF, RIGHT.

SO OFTENTIMES WE'LL HAVE WHAT WE CALL PRESLEEP WORRIES.

HOWEVER, WE ALSO KNOW THAT PROPER SLEEP DOESN'T GIVE US THE RIGHT RESOURCES TO DEAL WITH THE NEXT DAY'S DEMANDS.

EVEN IF THEY'RE NOT STRESSFUL, WE DON'T DEAL WITH THEM AS WELL.

AND WE DON'T HAVE THE SAME TYPE OF POSITIVITY WE MIGHT HAVE ENGAGING WITH OTHER PEOPLE.

>> AND IF IT'S THE NEW NORM, YOU'RE GOING THROUGH THIS EVERY NIGHT AND EVERY DAY.

>> YES.

IT BECOMES CYCLICAL AND WE HAVE TO BE ABLE TO INTERVENE TO STOP THAT CYCLE.

>> EATING DISORDERS, HOW DO THEY PLAY A PART?

>> WHEN WE'RE STRESSED, ONE COPING MECHANISM IS TO EAT, RIGHT, OR TO NOT EAT.

SOME FOLKS REACT TO STRESS BY THEY ACTUALLY LOSE THEIR APPETITE.

OTHERS, IN ORDER TO COPE WITH STREETS, ACTUALLY EAT MORE.

SO WE SEE THAT IN THE SHORT TERM, THESE ARE SHORT TERM COPING MECHANISMS, BUT AGAIN UNDER CHRONIC STRESS, IF IT'S REPEATED OVER TIME, WE THEN LEAD IT -- SEE IT LEAD INTO A DISORDER.

>> DOES CHRONIC STRESS CHANGE THE EQUATION, LET'S SAY YOU'RE NOT ALL THAT STRESSED, JUST NORMAL, AND YOU EAT TOO MUCH, YOU'VE GOT YOUR PROBLEMS, A.

BUT IF YOU'RE UNDER CHRONIC STRESS AND YOU EAT TOO MUCH, ARE THEY THE SAME PROBLEMS OR IS IT DIFFERENT?

>> THAT'S A HARD QUESTION.

I WOULD SAY THAT IT'S DIFFERENT UNDER CHRONIC STRESS BECAUSE WHAT HAPPENS IS CHRONIC STRESS FOR MANY INDIVIDUALS CHANGES HOW THEY MIGHT DEAL WITH THE EVERY DAY DEMANDS THAT THEY HAVE.

UNDER CHRONIC STRESS OUR BODIES ARE ALSO REACTING DIFFERENTLY TO WHAT MIGHT BE NORMAL FOR SOMEBODY ELSE.

>> SAME THING WITH SLEEP?

>> YES.

>> YES.

>> AND IF WE TALK ABOUT STROKES AND BRAIN DAMAGE, THAT COMES INTO PLAY BECAUSE OF SLEEP MOSTLY?

>> th NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE OF THE SLEEP BUT LINKED ALSO TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

SO IF YOU THINK ABOUT OUR FIRST RESPONSE TO STRESS IS RELATED TO OUR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

SO IT'S TAXING THAT, BUT THEN LINKED WITH POOR EATING, POOR SLEEP AND LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.

>> CAN YOU HAVE CHRONIC STRESS AND NOT HAVE EATING DISRUPTIONS AND NOT HAVE SLEEPING DISRUPTIONS?

>> YES.

SO THIS IS A BIG POINT, CHRONIC STRESS DOESN'T AFFECT EVERYONE IN THE SAME WAY.

WE KNOW THAT DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COPING MECHANISMS.

SOME FOLKS ARE MORE RESILIENT THAN OTHERS, AND SO FOR SOME, THEY MAY HAVE SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS OR RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO THEM WHERE THEY ARE ABLE TO COPE WITH THAT CHRONIC STRESS.

I TALK ABOUT POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH, WHICH IS ACTUALLY LEARNING, RIGHT FORECAST THOSE STRESSORS AND THEN USING THOSE LEARNED BEHAVIORS TO ENGAGE IN THE FUTURE.

>> WITH THAT IN MIND, YOU'VE GOT SOME IDEAS HERE.

JUST LIKE HUMMING AND SINGING AND DOING THAT KIND OF -- MOVING AROUND, THAT HELPS WITH CHRONIC STRESS?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

TAKING A WALK, GETTING OUTSIDE.

YOU KNOW, RELYING ON YOUR FRIENDS, YOUR COMMUNITY, YOUR SOCIAL SUPPORT.

EXERCISING GRATITUDE.

USING COGNITIVE REFRAMING TO THINK ABOUT POSITIVE SITUATIONS BUT ALSO HAVING SOME ACCEPTANCE, RIGHT.

HAVING ACCEPTANCE, USING MEDITATION CAN ALSO HELP.

>> AND REAL QUICKLY AS FAR AS COVID IS CONCERNED, HOW DID THAT CHANGE THE DYNAMICS?

>> SO COVID IS A REALLY INTERESTING CASE IN THAT IT WAS ALMOST A COLLECTIVE STRESS.

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION CALLS IT COLLECTIVE TRAUMA.

IT IS ONE THAT WAS EXPERIENCED BY EVERYONE, WHICH IS RARE FOR US TO SEE SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

AND SO WHAT I THINK IT IT AS A VULNERABILITY, A VULNERABILITY FOR A POPULATION WHICH IS WHY WE HAVE SEEN INCREASES IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES AS WELL AS MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS SPECIFICALLY AMONG THE AGES OF ABOUT 35 TO 44.

>> AND WE'RE TALKING ABOUT CHRONIC STRESS HERE.

I'VE GOTTA ASK A TOPSY-TURVY QUESTION HERE, IS THERE ANY RESEARCH ON TOO LITTLE STRESS?

>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

I HAVE NOT COME ACROSS RESEARCH ON TOO LITTLE STRESS, GIVEN THE TYPES OF CONTEXT THAT WE LIVE IN NOW AND THAT ACCESS TO INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER STRESSORS RIGHT AT OUR FINGERTIPS ALL DAY LONG BUT SOME WOULD SAY TOO LITTLE WOULD ALSO BE BAD FOR YOU.

>> WOULD YOU THINK SO.

>> YOU WOULDN'T BE PRACTICING WHAT YOU'RE SUPPOSED DO.

>> EVERY TIME I CAN GET INTO THE DEPARTMENT PSYCHOLOGY AND HAVE A QUESTION, I'LL GO FOR IT.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

>> THAT'S IT FOR NOW, I'M TED SIMONS, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US, YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.