DENNIS: I'M DENNIS ANDERSON, JULIE HAS THE NIGHT OFF, HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP ON "ALMANAC NORTH."

THE NEED FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT SERVICES IN MINNESOTA HAS GROWN THROUGHOUT THE YEARS.

MESABI RANGE COLLEGE HAS RECEIVED FUNDING FOR FIFTY SCHOLARSHIPS TO TRAIN INDIVIDUALS RECOVERING FROM OPIOID USE DISORDER.

THE CYCLISTS OF GITCHEE GUMMEE SHORES, OR COGGS, IS A MOUNTAIN BIKE ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION IN THE TWIN PORTS.

WE'LL LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION AND HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR BEAUTIFUL COMMUNITY TRAILS.

AND JUST IN TIME FOR SUMMER, HARTLEY NATURE CENTER'S $2.9 MILLION EXPANSION WRAPS UP CONSTRUCTION.

ALL THAT AND VOICES OF THE REGION, COMING UP ON "ALMANAC NORTH."

♪ JULIE: -- DENNIS: HELLO AND WELCOME TO "ALMANAC NORTH," THANKS FOR WATCHING!

LET'S BEGIN WITH THE HEADLINES: THE NEARLY NAKED RUCK MARCH RETURNS SATURDAY MAY 21ST WITH A NEW LOCATION.

THE FUNDRAISING FITNESS EVENT WILL NOW TAKE PLACE AT MONT DU LAC RESORT.

PARTICIPANTS CARRY PACKS FILLED WITH FOOD AND CLOTHING, WHICH WILL BE DONATED TO THE DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS' ORGANIZATION AT THE FINISH LINE.

MONEY RAISED THROUGH THIS EVENT SUPPORTS 23RD VETERAN AND ITS MISSION TO ASSIST DULUTH AREA VETERANS LIVING WITH TRAUMA.

KABETOGAMA TOWNSHIP NEEDS VOLUNTEERS TO HELP WITH SANDBAGGING TO COMBAT RISING FLOODWATERS IN THE NAMAKAN BASIN.

THE TIMBERJAY NEWSPAPER REPORTS THAT THE CURRENT WATER LEVEL IS WELL ABOVE FLOOD STAGE AND IS EXPECTED TO EXCEED THE FLOOD EVENT OF 2014.

VOLUNTEERS ARE ASKED TO REPORT TO THE KABETOGAMA TOWN HALL.

YOU CAN ALSO CALL 218-875-2082 FOR MORE INFORMATION.

THE UNITED STATES NAVY WILL COMISSION THE FUTURE USS MINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL, A FREEDOM-CLASS LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP OR LCS, ON SATURDAY MAY 21ST IN DULUTH.

MINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL IS THE 11TH FREEDOM VARIANT LCS AND SECOND NAVAL SHIP TO HONOR MINNESOTA'S TWIN CITIES.

THE MUSICAL VENUE BLUSH ANNOUNCED THAT IT WILL BE CLOSING AT THE END OF THE MONTH AFTER FIVE YEARS AND A GLOBAL PANDEMIC.

LIFE HOUSE'S OWNERSHIP AND NEED TO EXPAND OPERATIONS IN THE BUILDING WAS THE PRIMARY CATALYST FOR THE CLOSURE.

THE LAST WEEK OF MAY WILL FEATURE A MULTI-DAY CELEBRATION AS A FINAL SEND OFF.

NOW ON TO OUR FIRST DISCUSSION, MESABI RANGE COLLEGE HAS RECIEVED FUNDING FOR FIFTY SCHOLARSHIPS TO HELP MEET THE DEMAND FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT SERVICES IN MINNESOTA.

HERE TO TALK ABOUT THESE NEW SCHOLARSHIPS IS MARY KAY RIENDEAU, THE DEPARTMENT HEAD OF ADDICTION STUDIES AND ALIE STANIGER THE GRANT COORDINATOR AT MESABI RANGE COLLEGE, WELCOME, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING HERE.

>> THANK YOU.

DENNIS: JUST HOW COMMON IS CHEMICAL AND ALCOHOL ADDICTION HERE IN MINNESOTA?

>> IT IS VERY COMMON.

WE GOT A GRANT SO WE GOT TO STUDY THIS.

SINCE 2008, OUR ADMISSIONS FOR TREATMENT HAVE DOUBLED.

IT IS A VERY BIG PROBLEM.

ONE OF THE PROBLEMS WE HAVE IS WE HAVE A SHORTAGE OF TREATED -- TREATMENT COUNSELORS.

WE HAVE BEEN TRYING TO MEET THAT GOAL FOR THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS.

WE WANT TO TRAIN PEOPLE FOR CERTIFICATES.

WE ARE ALSO DOING THAT.

BUT WE ARE DOING IT WITH A TWIST.

NOW WE ARE TRYING TO DO IT, WE ARE TRYING TO EMPOWER OPIOID ADDICTS TO TRY TO DO TRAINING TO EDUCATE AND BECOME FOCUSED.

DENNIS: THAT BRINGS UP MY NEXT QUESTION.

MINNESOTA NORTH COLLEGE HAS HAD AN ADDICTION STUDIES PROGRAM FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE NOW?

>> ADDICTION IS SUCH A BAFFLING DISEASE.

I GRADUATED FROM THE ADDICTION STUDIES PROGRAM IN 2019.

I STARTED SCHOOL IN 2010.

MARRIAGE TOOK ME AWAY AND THEN I CAME BACK.

THERE ARE MORE ADDICTS NEEDING HELP.

IT IS PROVEN THAT THE WAY ADDICTS CAN BEST CRAWL OUT OF THE GRIPS OF THE DISEASE IS TO BE HELPED BY SOMEBODY ELSE.

DENNIS: SO YOU'RE TRAINING THEM.

HOW LONG A PROGRAM IS IT?

>> THERE IS A DEGREE THAT TAKES TWO YEARS AND THERE IS A PERMIT THAT YOU CAN STAY IN MINNESOTA.

THIS IS A CERTIFICATE IF YOU HAVE A BACHELORS DEGREE.

DENNIS: WHAT?

KIND OF RESPONSE ARE YOU GETTING?

ARE A NUMBER OF PEOPLE STEPPING UP AND TAKING THE PROGRAM?

>> WE DEVELOPED A DOCUMENT.

IT HAS BEEN DUE QUITE A FEW TIMES.

I HAVE RECEIVED APPLICATIONS.

RIGHT NOW IT IS MORE ABOUT QUESTIONS.

DO I QUALIFY?

IF YOU ARE A RESIDENT OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA AND YOU HAVE A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA, YOU QUALIFY.

DENNIS: YOU CAN APPLY FOR A SCHOLARSHIP?

50 SCHOLARSHIPS ARE AVAILABLE?

WHAT NUMBERS ARE YOU LOOKING AT?

>> WE HAVE ONLY GOTTEN SIX SO FAR.

WE ARE TRYING TO SPREAD THE MESSAGE THAT WE HAVE THE SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE FOR PEOPLE.

WE HAVE SIX APPLICANTS RIGHT NOW.

BUT IT IS NOT DUE UNTIL JUNE 1.

THEY WILL GET REALLY POUNDED.

DENNIS: THIS PROGRAM REALLY SOUNDS INNOVATIVE.

DO RECOVERING DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSERS MAKE GOOD COUNSELORS?

THEY HAVE WALKED THE WALK.

>> BOTH OF US HAVE.

WE ARE BOTH IN RECOVERY.

I REALLY WANT TO IMPRESS ON PEOPLE THAT YOU CAN DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT.

DENNIS: DID YOU EVER THINK YOU WOULD GET THERE?

>> NO.

I ENLISTED HER PARTIALLY BECAUSE SHE WAS A COUNSELOR.

I WANTED TO MAKE SURE I HAD A COUNSELOR WHO WOULD HELP.

DENNIS: ARE WE WINNING THE WAR AGAINST DRUG ABUSE?

>> THAT IS A DIFFICULT QUESTION.

WE CAN BEGIN TO WIN THE WAR.

DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

I DON'T THINK I WOULD BE WHERE I WOULD BE WHERE I'M AT TODAY.

IF IT WASN'T FOR ME GOING TO COLLEGE, IT ALLOWED ME TO BECOME INVOLVED IN A DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT.

IT REALLY TAUGHT ME A LOT OF SELF VALUE.

I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW GRATIFYING IS TO SEE THE LIGHTS COME ON IN SOMEBODY ELSE'S EYES.

THERE IS A WAY OUT.

DENNIS: IT MUST BE WONDERFUL TO SEE.

WHEN WILL THE NEW SEMESTER BEGIN AT THE COLLEGE SO PEOPLE CAN START TO APPLY AGAIN?

>> IN THE FALL.

ON AUGUST 22, NEW CLASSES WILL START AGAIN.

WE ARE MERGING AS MINNESOTA NORTH COLLEGE.

DENNIS: WILL THIS PROGRAM BE OFFERED ON ALL FIVE CAMPUSES?

>> TWO.

I TEACH BY ZOOM SO WE WILL BE OFFERING EVERYWHERE IN MINNESOTA.

JULIE: WE HAVE TO LEAVE IT AT THAT.

I WANT TO THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING HERE.

THANK YOU FOR SHEDDING SOME LIGHT ON THIS BIG ISSUE.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING US.

♪ DENNIS: WITH ALL THIS MUCH NEEDED SUNSHINE, MORE COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE GETTING OUT AND ENJOYING AREA TRAILS.

PRODUCER ISAAC QUICK SPOKE WITH THE MOUNTAIN BIKE ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION COGGS ABOUT ITS MISSION TO PRESERVE AND MAINTAIN OUR LOCAL TRAILS.

>> MOUNTAIN BIKERS ARE VERY ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT TRAILS.

WE PUT IN A LOT OF TIME AND ENERGY TO DEVELOP THEM.

♪ WE ARE A NONPROFIT THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING AND BUILDING OUR MULTIPURPOSE TRAIL NETWORK IN THE TWIN PORTS.

A LARGE NETWORK OF VOLUNTEERS HELP US MAINTAIN THE TRAILS.

ALONG WITH OUR CITY PARTNERS.

WE REACH OUT TO THE CITY AND RELY ON THEIR EXPERTISE.

WE COORDINATE CLOSELY WITH THE CITY ON WHEN THEY THINK WE SHOULD OPEN THE TRAILS.

AND THEN WE HAVE OUR FIRST HAND REPORTS COMING FROM WHAT WE CALL TRAIL STEWARDS.

FOLKS WHO HAVE RECEIVED TRAINING IN TRAIL MAINTENANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OR THEY HAVE HAD A LOT OF EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF TRAILS.

WHAT DETERMINES THE CLOSING AND OPENING OF TRAILS IS REALLY BASED ON THE WITNESS OF THE TRAILS.

WE HAVE SPOTS LIKE THIS THAT ARE SLIGHTLY WET AND JUST A COUPLE OF DAYS AGO THERE WERE A LOT OF WET SPOTS ON THIS ENTIRE TRAIL SYSTEM.

SOMETIMES THE TRAIL WILL BE COMPLETELY DRY.

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE FOLLOW THESE GUIDELINES.

IF THE TRAIL IS WET, A LOT OF USERS WILL CREATE LARGE MUD HOLES.

THEY ARE NOT FUN TO RIDE ON OR WALK ON.

THEY ARE NOT FUN TO DO ANYTHING ON.

A LOT OF THAT IS RELATED TO THE SEASON.

WE HAVE FROSTS THAT COMES IN.

IT TAKES A LOT OF COORDINATION.

SOME TRAILS OPEN AT CERTAIN TIMES.

YOU CAN GO ONLINE AND CHECK TO SEE WHAT TRAILS ARE GOING TO BE OPEN.

THAT COULD SAVE YOU A HEADACHE.

AND GET YOU OUT ON THE TRAIL FASTER INSTEAD OF SHOWING UP AT A PARKING LOT AND GOING TO SEE IF A TRAIL IS OPEN.

IF IT IS WET, YOU HAVE TO GO SOMEWHERE ELSE.

WHEN YOU'RE OUT ON A DIRT TRAIL, YOU WANT TO BE AWARE OF YOUR SURROUNDINGS.

YOU DON'T WANT TO BE LISTENING TO MUSIC.

YOU NEED TO HAVE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.

LISTENING FOR BIKES AND WALKERS AND DOGS.

IF WE WANT TO SEE PEOPLE GETTING OUTSIDE AND INTO THE WOODS.

THERE IS A LOT OF SCIENCE THAT SHOWS PEOPLE DO BETTER WHEN THEY ARE OUTSIDE.

WE WANT EVERYBODY, WHETHER YOU ARE A DOG WALKER OR A HIKER OR A CYCLE OR -- CYCLER, WE WANT YOU TO FEEL SAFE AND COMFORTABLE AND LIKE YOU CAN COME OUT TO THE TRAILS AND HAVE AN ENJOYABLE, POSITIVE EXPERIENCE.

DENNIS: TEACHING OTHERS HOW TO EXPLORE OUR NATURAL WORLD IS A BIG PART OF THE HARTLEY NATURE CENTER'S MISSION.

HERE TO TALK ABOUT HARTLEY NATURE CENTER'S $2.9 MILLION EXPANSION PROJECT AND ALL OF THE UPCOMING CAMPS AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TOM O'ROURKE.

WELCOME, THANKS FOR BEING HERE.

GOOD TO SEE YOU TONIGHT.

WHAT IS THE NATURE CENTER?

WHAT IS THE MISSION?

>> OUR MISSION IS TO INSPIRE LIFELONG CONNECTIONS WITH NATURE.

WE USE OUR HOME BASE AND OUR NATURE CENTER FACILITY AS A JUMPING OFF PLACE FOR ADVENTURES IN THE 660 ACRE WILDNESS.

DENNIS: WHAT WILL PEOPLE SEE IF THEY GO INTO TO ENJOY IT?

>> IN TERMS OF THE PARK, THERE ARE ABOUT 13 MILES OF TRAILS.

THERE IS A SECTION OF THE SUPERIOR HIKING TRAIL THAT RUNS THROUGH THE PARK.

THEY ARE MULTIUSE TRAILS.

IN THE WINTER, THERE ARE TRAILS THAT ARE GROOMED FOR CLASSIC SKIING.

DENNIS: THERE IS SOMETHING CALLED SUMMER DAY CAMP?

>> WE ARE IN THE TRANSITION SEASON.

WE ARE STILL IN OUR BUSY FIELD TRIP SEASON.

AND NATURE PRESCHOOL SEASON.

TODAY WOULD, WE HAD 42 KIDS LEARNING ABOUT STREAM STUDIES AND LIFE IN THE POND.

IN JUNE, WE WILL TRANSITION INTO SUMMER CAMP.

FOR KIDS AGES 3-12.

THE GOAL IS TO GET THEM OUTSIDE LEARNING.

DENNIS: CAN PEOPLE BECOME A MEMBER OF THIS ORGANIZATION?

>> YOU CAN GO ONLINE AT OUR WEBSITE.

THERE IS A LITTLE TOWN AND YOU JUST CLICK MEMBERSHIP.

IT GET TO DISCOUNTS ON PROGRAMS, NEWSLETTERS, KEEPS YOU IN THE LOOP OF ALL THE HAPPENINGS.

DENNIS: EXPANSION OF THE INTERPRETIVE CENTER IS A BIG DEAL.

THAT IS A WONDERFUL ADDITION.

>> WE ARE REALLY EXCITED.

IT IS SLATED TO BE DONE AT THE END OF JUNE.

THE ORIGINAL BUILDING WAS BUILT IN 2003.

IT SERVES AS A VISITORS CENTER, INTERPRETIVE CENTER FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AND A HOME BASE FOR OUR PROGRAMS.

ADDING A COUPLE OF NEW CLASSROOMS AND ADDITIONAL RESTROOMS AND FACILITIES WILL REALLY ALLOW US TO KEEP DELIVERING OUR MISSION AND FINDING NEW AUDIENCES.

DENNIS: OUR CAMP SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE?

REACH OUT TO THE NATURE CENTER.

YOU CAN GO ONLINE.

GIVE US A CALL.

WE ALSO HAVE DISCOUNTS FOR AREA SCHOOLS AND PRESCHOOL FAMILIES AS WELL.

WE TRY TO BREAK DOWN ALL OF THE BARRIERS.

DENNIS: YOU STAY PRETTY BUSY, IT SOUNDS LIKE.

WHAT IS THE HISTORY?

WAS IT ONCE A FARM?

>> IT WAS.

A LOT OF PEOPLE KNEW IT AS HARTLEY FIELD FOR YEARS.

IN THE 1980'S, A COUPLE OF GROUPS OF PEOPLE CAME TOGETHER.

ONE WAS PASSIONATE ABOUT THE PARK AND WANTING TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT IT.

AND THERE WAS A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO THOUGHT DULUTH NEEDED A NATURE CENTER.

THOSE GROUPS FOUND EACH OTHER AND IDENTIFIED HARTLEY PARK AS THAT PLACE.

NOW THE NATURE CENTER TRIES TO HAVE THAT ROLE AS A STEWARD OF THE PARK.

TEACHING KIDS PARTICULARLY ABOUT IT.

DENNIS: NOT EVERYONE KNOWS WHERE THE NATURE CENTER IS.

HOW CAN YOU GET THERE?

>> YOU CAN PLUG IT INTO GOOGLE.

THE PARK ITSELF EXPANDS INTO MULTIPLE NEIGHBORHOODS IN DULUTH.

THERE ARE SIX TRAILHEADS THAT YOU CAN ACCESS.

THE NATURE CENTER IS THE MAIN ONE.

DENNIS: ARE YOU OPEN FOR BUSINESS 12 MONTHS A YEAR?

>> YES.

DENNIS: YOU CAN RENT EQUIPMENT DURING THE WINTER?

>> SKIS, SNOWSHOES, WILL PROBABLY ADD A COUPLE OF BIKES TO THE FLEET.

DENNIS: AND YOUR SUMMER ACTIVITY, IS THAT GENERALLY MORE BUSIER?

>> WE ARE BUSY YEAR-ROUND.

HENCE THE FACILITY EXPANSION.

THIS 11 WEEKS OF SUMMER WE WILL SEE ABOUT 1200 KIDS COMING THROUGH.

DENNIS: WHAT KIND OF CRITTERS CAN BE FOUND IN THE PARK?

>> ALL OF THE CRITTERS YOU SEE IN THE NORTHWOODS.

WE HAVE SEEN A WOLF, BEARS, PORCUPINES, LOTS OF ANIMALS.

THE PARK WAS CLOSED FOR ABOUT THREE MONTHS AFTER THAT STORM.

THERE WERE ABOUT A THOUSAND TREES DOWN.

IN THE LAST THREE YEARS, WE HAVE PLANTED ABOUT 5000 TREES.

DENNIS: WHAT OTHER CHANGES HAVE BEEN MADE BECAUSE OF COVID?

>> IT HAS BEEN DISRUPTIVE TO OUR PROGRAMMING.

THE MAGIC OF HARTLEY HAPPENS OUTSIDE.

MOST OF OUR CLASSES ARE OUTDOOR BASED.

WE HAVE BEEN MASKING UP INSIDE THE BUILDING.

AND SOMETIMES OUTSIDE DEPENDING ON THE COMMUNITY TRANSITION.

A LOT OF OUR STUFF IS OUTSIDE.

DENNIS: THERE IS SOMETHING WHAT IS THAT ALL ABOUT?

>> IT IS ONE OF OUR EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS.

WE TRY TO GET KIDS AND FAMILIES OUT TO COME.

DULUTH IS BLESSED TO HAVE ALL OF THESE GREEN SPACES.

DENNIS: THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

♪ JULIE: -- DENNIS: IT'S TIME NOW FOR "VOICES OF THE REGION."

EACH WEEK WE TALK WITH AN AREA JOURNALIST ABOUT THE STORIES THEY'RE COVERING.

OUR GUEST TODAY IS AUTHOR AND COLUMNIST AARON BROWN.

♪ >> PROBABLY FIRST ON THE MIND OF MANY IS THE HIGH WATER FLOODING.

SEVERAL ROADWAYS ARE CLOSED.

THESE AREAS ARE GETTING REALLY BUSY THIS TIME OF YEAR BECAUSE IT IS FISHING SEASON.

THE COUNTY BOARD HAS SOUGHT A STATE OF EMERGENCY.

THIS SPRING HAS BEEN A LOT WETTER.

TOO MUCH OF ANYTHING IS A BAD THING.

NORTH SHORE MINING IS IDLING ITSELF RIGHT NOW.

THIS IS A SIGN OF THE CHANGES IN THE REALIGNMENT OF THE MAJOR MINING COMPANIES IN THE REGION.

THEY ARE USING NORTH SHORE AS A SWING MINE.

IT WILL PRODUCE WHEN IT NEEDS TO.

ONE OF THE REASON THAT RELATES TO THE COST OF THE FEES BEING CHARGED BY THE LAND OWNERS.

THEY APPEARED TO BE IN RECOVERY.

HIGH PRICES FOR STEEL.

IT IS STILL A TOSSUP ABOUT HOW THAT AFFECTS WORKERS ON THE GROUND.

FOR A LOT OF WORKERS THIS SUMMER, THERE WILL BE LAYOFFS, ESPECIALLY NOW.

♪ >> WE HAVE SEEN HISTORIC JUMPS IN THE COSTS OF THINGS LIKE HOUSING THAT HAVE NOT BEEN MADE IN THINGS LIKE WAGES.

PEOPLE ARE PAYING MORE FOR THE THINGS THEY USE AND DO EVERYDAY.

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THIS?

LOOKING AT THINGS LIKE UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME TO HELP THOSE MOST AFFECTED BY THE PRICE INCREASES MAKE THEIR BILLS AND RENTS.

ALSO LOOKING AT SOME CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO HOW WE HANDLE THINGS LIKE THE HOUSING PROBLEM.

YOU GO ACROSS THE IRON RANGE WHERE I AM FROM AND LIVE, YOU ARE HEARING SOME OF THE SAME THINGS ABOUT HOUSING THAT YOU HEAR IN THE MORE CHARGED HOUSING MARKETS OF DULUTH OR MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL.

THERE IS NOTHING AFFORDABLE THAT IS AVAILABLE.

THE THINGS THAT ARE AVAILABLE ARE EITHER EXPENSIVE OR HAVE SOME PROBLEMS.

THEY ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR A FAMILY.

OR SOMEONE WHO DOES NOT HAVE A LOT OF TIME TO FIX THINGS.

ONE OF THE THINGS I TALKED ABOUT WAS RELATING TO MAKING IT EASIER TO TURN EXISTING PROPERTIES INTO USABLE HOUSING.

THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WOULD BE WORTH EXPLORING.

HOUSING IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE BIG ISSUES RIGHT NOW.

IT IS NOT SO NOTICEABLE IF YOU BOUGHT A HOUSE AND YOU ARE HAPPY AND YOU ARE NOT IN THE MARKET.

BUT IF YOU ARE LOOKING TO MOVE RIGHT NOW OR BUILD RIGHT, COSTS ARE EXPONENTIALLY HIGHER THAN THEY WERE A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO.

THAT IS REALLY HITTING CERTAIN PEOPLE RIGHT NOW.

THE PEOPLE IN TRANSITION ARE THOSE MOST AFFECTED BY IT.

♪ JULIE: THANK YOU.

THAT'S OUR TIME THIS WEEK, BUT YOU CAN KEEP UP WITH OUR LATEST UPDATES BY FOLLOWING "ALMANAC NORTH" ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER.

VISIT THE WDSE WEBSITE FOR PROGRAM UPDATES AND MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE STATION.

AND DOWNLOAD THE PBS VIDEO APP FOR ON-DEMAND VIEWING OF ALMANAC NORTH AND YOUR FAVORITE PBS PROGRAMS.

THANKS TO OUR GUESTS AND OUR CREW IN THE STUDIO.

I'M DENNIS ANDERSON, GOODNIGHT AND BE KIND.

♪