>> Ted: Coming up next, a closer look to allow private lands to lease a portion of the Colorado river allotments.

Welcome to Arizona horizon.

Authorities continue that search for the ambush style killings of Muslim men in the city and four have been killed in three in the past two weeks.

City and religious leaders say the connections are clear and a suspect is still at large.

>> No human has the right to take someone's life and police are doing a great job patrolling the area.

It's something we have to tell the community now.

Be careful and never be out during the nighttime and if you're doing shopping, it should be done during the daytime.

>> Ted: There's a vehicle of interest in the case, a dark four-door volkswagen Sedan.

Travel days didn't improve much and more than three hundred flights across the U.S. canceled and all before 6:00 this morning and more than 1600 cancellations and 15,000 delays over the weekend.

Weather was mostly to blame and airline shortages and air traffic delays were factors.

>>> July one of the warmest on record and that coincides that shows 60% of the EU and U.K. are under drought conditions and during a ten-day period last month, 45% of Europe was under a drought warning with 15% under a severe alert.

>>> A study from northwell hope shows if you're under the age of 60 and up to date on Covid vaccines, it's unlikely you'll become ill with Covid.

It looked at two thousand people hospitalized and found 80% were over 60 years of age and 90% had underlying health problems such as diabetes and the vast majority were not keeping up with vaccinations.

A plan will be released that eases up on pandemic restrictions.

>>> And a couple of passings of note, Olivia newton job has newton John has died.

She was 73 and Sang some of the biggest hits of '70s and 80's and she died of breast cancer which she fought for 30 years.

She is dead at 73.

And David McCullough has died, died at his home in Massachusetts and he was the voice and occasional face behind a documentary series of "America experience."

Once said, quote, history is essential to understand America's story and so much of our story has yet to be told.

Dead at 89.

>>> The U.S. house approved a version of a bill to authorize Colorado Indian tribes to release federal aloe allocation river water and here to talk about this is representative Grahaba this legislation in general gives drought relief, correct?

>> It does, but I think that essential to it, and the Colorado river, Indian tribes, the water resiliency act, this is to leave some of their Colorado river allocation and to be able, those water uses, I think, lessen the impacts on the Colorado river drought while enabling to realize the water rights and receive compensation.

It will protect the life of the Colorado river.

For the first time, you have 220 years, you will be allowing the people to receive a full benefit from their water rights.

And so, it's a good piece of legislation, but it does help to protect the life of the Colorado river, which, you know, under duress and this is not the magic bullet.

But it does provide to the Colorado river a release that it doesn't exist and the drought is not abating and this becomes more important piece of legislation, particularly here in Arizona.

>> Ted: For the water that is allocated here expect and the tribes have the ability to release, an example is farmland, true?

>> Exactly.

The water releases are not going to increase overall water usage in the Colorado river, because they're permitted to release water they have conserved on following farmland.

>> Ted: Any idea how much these releases would bring in?

>> No.

This is something that all of the stakeholders were at the stable expecttable and we work with an interest in the Colorado river and we're happy to get it out of the house and as part of the fire drought package and I hope the senate will advance the bill and this is a very good piece of legislation in that it protects the Colorado river.

You know, the fundamental questions that are going to remain around water policy in the state when we have the upper basin saying at this point, we're not going to do anything to reduce our usage of water because other states aren't doing it.

They point to the example of Arizona.

I think at some point, we have to talk about reduction.

We have to talk about what is the sustainable demand in front of us.

And what is the projected demand that is part of the economic development side?

What is that supposed to be and do we have enough water to sustain both existing need and the need that people are economically and otherwise planning for in the future.

>> Ted: Congressman, do you think though talks around happening right now or aren't happening in ernest in.

>> The Federal Government needs a more active role and not a passive role and the states come up with plans to not extend deadlines.

There's an urgency here and some people are naive and people that are users now are naively thinking this magically is going to take care of itself with minimal effort and adjusting around the edges.

You see the situation in Pinal in terms of water usage and you see it across the state and there's an urgency here that I don't sense from both the administration in the state and, quite frankly, from the Federal Government in terms of being insistent to not only sustain what they have and to project into the future, what they need to do.

Conservation is one way and this right, this authority handed to the Colorado river, Indian PresidentPresidenttribes is another one.

>> Ted: As far as the revenue coming in, this can be used, can it not, to increase agriculture techniques by the tribes and also in a number of other areas, true?

>> Yeah, delivery water systems, infrastructure techniques,agriculture techniques.

They're in a position to do that in and they've been very good about conserving the water and for them to step forward and say this is a part of a response to the drought, part of protecting the Colorado river, I think there's something wasvy importantwas veryimportant to get done.

It's part of a solution and it's not the solution and the tribe has done its part.

The Gila have done their part and that's not going to be the solution un-to itself.

>> Ted: This doesn't change the diversions to Arizona and California?

>> Remain the came.

The discussions with the tribe, the Federal Government could purchase and reclamation could purchase from sustaining levels for the Colorado river and looking at Powell and all of those issues and the inclusion of the Federal Government through the bureaus of reclamation and Army corps as potential customers, I think was an important addition to the bill and I'm glad it was made.

>> Ted: And that's important to the tribes?

>> They don't want to be cheated or give it away for free.

They want compensation for these water rights rights and their water.

>> Ted: Again, we thank you for your time.

It was previously introduced by senator Kelly and cosponsored by senator Sinema and any concern this won't get out of the senate?

>> I hope not.

I think both senator Kelly and senator Sinema have considerable influence going forward and Sinema has proven it in the changes she made to the legislation to vote on Friday in the house.

I was glad that Sinema added the drawing package and I Thunderbay wasthink thatwas critical.

Political chips they could collect.

Because they are owed something, I think this will get through.

>> Ted: Thank you for your time.

We appreciate it.

>> Thank you.

>> Ted: Up next, an award winning purchaser researcher talks about how climbs climates from the past can create climates for the future.

>> A university of Arizona researchers has been awarded the Allen T. waterman award and how climate signals could model climates of the future and joining us now, here she is.

That must feel nice.

>> Thank you, Ted, it does.

>> Ted: Let's talk about this and by the way, you're the first climatologist to win this award.

Am I correct?

>> That's correct.

This is the first time from the national science foundation.

>> Ted: Is this a science they're trying to understand maybe better and all of us are trying to understand how serious an issue we're dealing with?

>> Yeah, I mean, they've been supportive of climate research and I think having someone who studies climate science like me to receive this award puts it back on the stage and brings it to attention that climate change is really, you know, the challenge of the 21st century.

>> Ted: Indeed.

Prehistoric climate signals and how do you get those signals?

>> Yeah, so, obviously, we can't travel back in time and we didn't have thermometers thousands and thousands of years ago.

So getting climate out of the ancient past, we have to use some tricks, tricks from chemistry and computers at times to kind of figure out what was happening.

So we look for these chemical signatures that are preserved in natural archives.

Like, for example, sediments at the bottom of the lake or ocean or corals or tree rings, things like that.

>> Ted: So I should say examine sediment, rocks for this minute information and this tells you how old this are and I don't know if a rock can experience anything, but what they were experiencing.

>> Yeah, chemical remnants of something alive, like a fossil, but a tiny fossil, a molecular fossil and how hot or cold it was in the past or how the atmosphere has changed and the amount of rainfall has changed.

There's a lot of different information to get out of mud, it's incredible.

>> Ted: Are there a lot of these fossils around?

>> You can find fossils that information about past climate, ocean sediments off-shore.

The California margin, the Gulf of California.

You can look in assistant lakebeds are rock-out crops and all of these places are information about past climates.

>> Ted: And so, that information tells us what, when it comes to modeling the future?

>> Yeah, so, we rely on climate models, which are these really amazing computer programs developing over the decades to tell us where we'll head in the next few decades.

Climate models are a guess, but a good guess.

If you want to understand how the planet behaves when climate is radically different from today, like much warmer, which is where we're headed, we can go back in time and study these ancient climates during past science and history that were warm where carbon dioxide is warm and we can study what happened.

So these ancient climates are an example of what happens when the climate heats up.

>> Ted: You can look at carbon dioxide examples from the dim and distant past?

>> Yeah, that's right.

We actually have techniques to reconstruct how carbon dioxide has changed in the past for the last million years.

We have a direct reporter in the ice of Antartica and there have been times when it's been high, like hen the dinosaurs where around, it was high, and the planet was warm, as you might expect.

>> Ted: That is so interesting.

So from what you've seen from the past, does it suggest that what is happening now, is there a mirror or similarities?

Because we keep hearing that the climate is changing and the temperatures are rising much fatterfaster than the past?

Is that what you're finding?

>> There's no example of climate changing as fast as humans are changing in the last 66 million years.

Climate changes on geological time scales and take place slowly and fast changes, but fast for gee, we think unprecedented in a long time and it's at a speed that's discerning because it's disruptive to the climate system, but also to ecosystems and the other species that we share that climate with.

>> Ted: There was a sizeable award in research funding and congratulations and what do you man to spend that money on in terms of where you want to focus your studies?

>> A lot of changes in the patterns of precipitation like in the Southwest or California and how does your North American monsoon change and how it behaves when carbon dioxide is higher?

Really focusing on our own backyard, and how does water change in a warming climate?

We want to look at things like weather events in the past.

But we have special ar archives of floods and what does flood frequency look like when carbon dioxide is high.

I'll be using this funding that are relevant for planning for the future expect and the funding goes to my graduate students and undergraduate students.

>> Ted: You are a paleoclimatologist.

Thank you for joining us.

>> Thank you for having me.

♪♪ >> Ted: Monarch butterflies were dangerous and to learn more why fewer are being found in the wild and what can be done to protect them, we spoke with the coordinator of the monarch study, a citizen science research project.

Gail, thank you for joining campus goodus.As we talk about monarch butter flies increasingly endangered and what's going on out there?

>> They came out with the endangered proclamation on the world-wide front and this really has to do with their migration.

The migration is threatened, because of loss of habitat and here is the United States, though, that proclamation holds that monarchs are, in fact, endangered.

They are candidates for it and they were not selected to move forward in that process in 2020, in December, but they may be by 2024 and reviewing this every year, what's happening to their population.

>> Ted: I'm seeing 20% to 90% drop in the last several decades from hundreds of millions down to tens of millions and why is that happening?

>> A multitude of reasons and that's what makes it so complex.

Loss of habitat is probably the number one problem across the United States and some of that is being amplified by climate issues that we here in our everyday news.

Temperatures that are too hot make it difficult for monarchs to complete the life cycle and extreme storms can affect the overwintering sites and affect the breeding season right now and pesticides.

>> Ted: And pesticides from frontyards backyards, too.

>> I think we all know that at times, we think, OK, a teaspoon will look really good and let's do two.

And sometimes homeowners abuse that on a higher level, unintentionally, I want to say.

>> Ted: When we talk about monarch butterflies, the journey, and tell us about that.

>> It's an incredibly long journey, depending where they began.

In the eastern realm of monarchs, they can travel two to three thousand miles.

In the west, it's shorter.

So far from Arizona, our longest flight has been 1200 miles and that was in camp Verde down to Mexico.

>> Ted: How do we know that?

Is there a way to monitor these things?

>> We put little blue tags on on monarchs and wait to wait to see them fly by.

>> Ted: The importance to the ecosystem, it has a factor.

>> What with do helps them like individuals to ourselves and doesn't need to be a huge effort, but if every individual could be along the way, it could affect many.

>> Ted: In terms of the ecosystem itself, if terms of what they eat, things that could go them, they're a part of the grand scheme?

>> The predators and a whole life cycle, everything is interacted together.

>> Ted: I read somewhere, apahapphirkahirkappha pa phids.

>> The fall Blooming flowers are important and by the fall, they're no longer breeding and that migration generation will live a full nine months and versus a breeding one will live fall to nine weeks.

I just saw some up at the gran grand canyon live about a month.

>> Ted: So what can people do.

>> Include milk weed and it's still not too late to plant sunflower seeds and they'll be in Bloom and if you're lucky, the monarchs will stop in your yard.

>> Ted: They're gorgeous and Gail Morris, thank you so much and good information and let go, monarchs, huh?

There you go!

>> Ted: That is it for now and thank you for joining us and you have a great evening!