.

>> Ted: COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, THE DETAILS ON A FREIGHT AND CAR GEAUX CARGO CORRIDOR SYSTEM.

AND REDUCING CHILDHOOD FATALITIES IN THE STATE AND A NEW STUDY LINKS AIR POLLUTION AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE ARE NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

THIS IS MADE POSSIBLE BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE FRIENDS AT PBS, THANK YOU.

>> Ted: GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

ISRAEL AND HAMAS CONTINUE TO WORK OUT DETAILS OF A TEMPORARY CEASE-FIRE AND THE RELEASE OF 50 ISRAELIS HELD HOSTAGE IN GAZA IN EXCHANGE FOR A 150 PALESTINIANS JAILED IN ISRAEL.

A FOUR-DAY PAUSE IN FIGHTING HAD INITIALLY BEEN SET FOR 1:00 A.M. ARIZONA TIME AND THAT'S BEEN DELAYED WITH ISRAEL SAYING THAT NO HOSTAGE FOR PRISONER SWAP AND ACCOMPANYING TRUCE WOULD OCCUR BEFORE FRIDAY.

THE DEAL ISN'T DONE, BUT FOR THE MOST PART, AN AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED.

>> IT'S EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE WE BELIEVE THAT THIS IS A STEP TOWARDS MORE POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS.

THIS IS WHAT WE HOPE, AT LEAST, THAT THIS AGREEMENT WILL, YOU KNOW, INVITE THEM TO THINK MORE ABOUT THE CURRENT SITUATIONS AND COME UP WITH BIGGER AGREEMENTS WITH THAT CONFLICT.

OUR MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO SEEK A PERMANENT CEASE-FIRE AND STOPPING THE BLOODSHED OF THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE.

>> Ted: THAT SAID, EXPLOSIONS, FLAIRS AND SMOKE IN GAZA HAS THIS CONTINUES AND ISRAEL'S PRIME MINISTER HAS MADE IT CLEAR THE WAR WILL CONTINUE AFTER THE PAUSE CONCLUDES.

>>> OTHER HEADLINES, A NEW POLITICAL POWER RANKING SURVEY BY NOBLE INSIGHTS AND THE CAPITAL TIMES SHOWS CONGRESSMAN, RUBEN GALLEGO AS THE MOST PERSON IN ARIZONA FOR OFFICED BY FOLLOWED BY MARK KELLY.

KRISTINA.KIMBERLY YEE AND SENATOR K KYRSTEN SINEMA NINTH AND LAST ON THE 50 NAMES ON THIS LIST WAS REPUBLICAN U.S. SENATE KARI LAKE.

THEY SURVEYED ON A WEIGHTED SCALE TO RESEMBLES ARIZONA'S POPULATION.

>>> MORE THAN A DOZEN BILLS FILED FOR THE NEXT SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE ACCORDING TO THE REPUBLIC INCLUDING ANOTHER ATTEMPT AT THE SO-CALLED TAMALE BILL LEGALIZING STREET SALES OF PERISHABLE FOODS.

THAT WAS VETOED BY GOVERNOR HOBBS OVER SAFETY CONCERNS.

ANOTHER BILL WOULD EXTEND STATE COOLS FOR DEAF AND BLIND.

THE NEXT LEGISLATIVE SESSION THAT BEGINS IN TWO MONTHS.

>>> IN ECONOMIC NEWS, NEW APPLICATIONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT FELL AND THE DROP WAS LOWER THAN EXPECTED AND COMES AFTER INITIAL CLAIMS HIT THE HIGHEST LEVEL SENSE AUGUST.

IT SHOWED A DECLINE FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER EIGHT STRAIGHT WEEKS OF INCREASES.

>>> A SIGNIFICANT TRANSFORMATION IN THE WORKS FOR THE CITY OF WINSLOW WITH A TRADE PORT CORRIDOR BRINGING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO COMMUNITIES IN ARIZONA.

WE WELCOME DANIEL LUPIEN, THE MANAGING DIRECTOR FOR THE ATLAS GLOBAL GROUP.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU, TED.

>> Ted: THE I-40 TRADE GROUP CORRIDOR, WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?

>> THE EXTENSION OF THE PORTS WITH THREE STARTS IN KINGSMAN, WINSLOW AND ALBUQUERQUE.

WE WANT A STATE-OF-THE-ART TRANSPORTATION NETWORK.

TO MEXICO AND THE NORTH AND SOUTH AND ACCESS TO THE DEEP WATER PORTS IN CALIFORNIA, THE EAST WEST AND ARIZONA HAPPENS TO, FORTUNATELY, BE IN THE PERFECT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION FOR EXTERMEXISTENTIAL GROWTH.

WE LOOK AT I-10 AND THE PACIFIC LINE AND I-40 BEING IN THE SOUTH LINE.

THAT'S WHERE MAJORITY OF OUR CARGO AND FREIGHT MOVES THROUGH THE DRIVE.

>> Ted: A MILLION DOLLARS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND INITIAL AND THAT'S GOING FOR STUDY RESEARCH?

>> THAT'S A PLANNING GRANT AND THAT'S LESS ABOUT THE MILLION DOLLARS THAN THE DESIGNATION FROM USDOT AND THAT MEANS THEY'RE PARTNERING WITH US EARLY ON IN THE PROCESS AND THAT'S THE FIRST STEP INTO THE LARGER GRANTS DOWN THE ROAD, THE MAYOR GRANTS.

>> Ted: IT MEANS THEY MEAN BUSINESS.

>> WE'RE IN THE CUE.

TED >> Ted: AND WINSLOW IS IN THE CUE AND TALK TO US ABOUT THIS.

WHAT COULD CHANGE FOR THAT TOWN?

>> A LOT COULD CHANGE BECAUSE THIS TOWN AND NAVAJO COUNTY INCLUDING JOSEPH CITY, WHERE WE HAVE THE COAL PLANT SHUTTING DOWN AND HOLBROOK AND THE HOPPI NATIONS AND HALVE NAVAJO NATION AND THE RATINGS THAT YOU DON'T WANT FOR YOUR COUNTIES.

SO THERE'S BADLY-NEEDED JOBS AND TRAINING AND PROSPERITY THAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN IN THIS AREA.

>> Ted: HOW WOULD IT HAPPEN SINCE I-40, WITH THIS CORRIDOR, WARE HOUSING AND THESE THINGS?

>> A LOT LOOKS AT IT AS WAREHOUSING AND DISTRIBUTION.

WE'RE LOOKING AT IT AS MANUFACTURING AND THOSE ARE UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS.

ONE THING TO DEEP IN MIND IN NORTHERN ARIZONA AND WE'RE ALL FAMILIAR WITH THE TRAINS MOVING MOVING THROUGH FLAGSTAFF AND ONE THIRD OF GDP MOVING THROUGH WINSLOW AND KINGMAN AND MANUFACTURERS LOOKING TO RESHORE TO THE U.S. ARE LOOKING TO ACCESS MAJOR TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS.

HOW CLOSE CAN THEY GET TO THE RAIL AND INTERSTATE?

WE HAVE AN AIRPORT AND WE HAVE ALL THREE MODES THERE BUT MANUFACTURERS KNOW THEY'LL BE MAKING OUR PRODUCTS FOR THE FUTURE.

SOLAR PANEL PRODUCTION, EV BATTERY MANUFACTURING, FOREST PRODUCTS AND MANAGING OUR FORESTS AND BIOMASS AVAILABLE AND HYDROGEN IS A BIG PART AND GREEN ENERGY AND THERE'S A HYDROGEN HUB THAT WE'LL BE BUILDING FOR THE TRUCKS AND THE HOPEFULLY THE TRAINS AND AIRPLANES.

>> Ted: I'M SEEING A THREE HOUSE ACRE PLUS INDUSTRIAL SITE FOR THAT AREA SOME AND SOME WOULD BE HOUSED THERE?

>> THEY ARE.

THAT'S CALLED A MANUFACTURING SITE AND THEY NEED SCALES.

ONE OF THE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS IS 2300 ACRES.

THEY RANGE IN SCALE FROM 150 TO 2,000 ACRES AND THEY NEED ACCESS TO RAIL.

THEY NEED ACCESS -- SOME HAVE 20,000 RAIL CARS A YEAR.

>> Ted: WINSLOW WOULD BEW, WHERE IS THAT IN THE CUE?

>> THE FIRST STOP IS KINGMAN AND THEY'LL INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND KINGMAN IS AN INTERMODAL FACILITY, WHERE THERE GO FROM TRAIN TO TRUCK AND TRUCK TO TRAIN.

WINSLOW IS MORE MANUFACTURING BASED AND A MANUFACTURING HUB AND ALBUQUERQUE, ANOTHER INTERMODAL WHERE THINGS MOVE FROM TRAIN TO TRUCK.

>> Ted: YOU TOUCHED ON THIS, BUT IMPACT ON NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES AND RURAL COMMUNITIES?

>> YES.

THESE ARE TWO OF THE BIGGEST THINGS WE'RE MOST PROUD OF AND WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO SHOW WHAT A NATIVE AMERICAN WORKFORCE CAN DO.

THEY'RE READY TO GET TO WORK AND IN FACT, HALF OF THE HOPI RESERVATION LEFT TO PURSUE OTHER THINGS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY AND WE'RE HOPING THEY PARTICIPATE AND MOVING HOME.

>> Ted: BUT THE CLEAN ENERGY AND HIGH EFFICIENCY, CARGO MANAGEMENT, THE CLEAN ENERGY ASPECT, HOW IMPORTANT IS THAT?

>> VERY IMPORTANT.

WE WANT TO SHOW THAT NET TEAR ROW.

ZERO.

WE'RE EMBRACING MANY LOOSES SOLUTIONS AND WE'LL HAVE EIGHT TO TEN THOUSAND EMPLOYEES IN LOWE.

WEWINSLOW.WE WANT TO THOUGH HOW YOU CAN OWN A HOME AND DO THAT OFF A SINGLE INCOME.

>> Ted: LAST POINT, YOU HAD YOUR KINGMAN AND YOUR WINSLOW AND OTHER TOWNS ALONG THERE AND THIS IS THE OLD ROUTE 66.

>> IT IS.

>> Ted: AND THAT'S WHAT ROUTE 66 WAS, A CORRIDOR, WAS IT NOT?

>> A VERY IMPORTANT CORRIDOR AND FOR THE SAME REASON IT WAS IMPORTANT FOR, THEY'LL BE IMPORTANT AGAIN.

WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A NEW INDUSTRIAL ROSE REVOLUTION SINCE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.

IT'S TOWNS LIKE WINSLOW AND KINGMAN AND AMARILLO THAT WILL SEE THE GROWTH.

THESE WARRANTTHESE ARE THE TOWNS THAT NEED IT MOST.

WE SAW WHAT HAPPENED DURING COVID AND THIS IS THE SOLUTION.

>> Ted: DANIEL, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: A IF YOU PROGRAM WORKS TO REDUCE CHILD FATALITIES IN THE STATE.

>> AS WE ENTER THIS SEASON OF GRATITUDE, ALL OF US AT ARIZONA PBS ARE GRATEFUL FOR YOU, OUR VIEWERS AND DONORS.

TO SHOW OUR APPRECIATION, THEY'RE PLANNING A SPECIAL NIGHT OF LOCAL PROGRAMMING ON NOVEMBER 28th.

TUNE IN FOR A PRIME-TIME LINEUP FOR THE LOCAL PROGRAMS.

VISIT AZPBS.ORG/GIVINGTUESDAY TO LEARN MORE.

>> Ted: THEY REVIEW THE CAUSE OF DEATHS AND UNDERSTANDING WHAT HAPPENED.

JOINING US NOW IS DR. MARY RIMSZA WITHIN THE CHAIR OF THE FATALITY STATE TEAM.

GIVE ME A BETTER DEFINITION.

>> LE IT >> IT REVIEWS EVERY TENTH FROM DEATH FROM BIRTH TO 18.

THE DEATHS THAT OCCURRED MARICOPA COUNTY, THEY WOULD BE REVIEWED BY A TEAM AND OUR PURPOSE IS TO PREVENT CHILD DEATH BY REVIEWING ALL OF TEASE RECORDTHESERECORDS AND SEEING THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO MAKE TO PREVENT FURTHER DEATHS.

>> Ted: IF A DEATH HAPPENS TO AN ARIZONA CHILD OUTSIDE OF ARIZONA, IS THAT INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY?

>> THAT'S A GOOD YES.

QUESTION.

THEY HAVE TO BE DEATHS IN ARIZONA AND SOMETIMES THEY'RE NOT IN ARIZONA BUT THEY'LL BE INCLUDED.

>> Ted: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY, WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING AT AND WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THE DATABASE?

THIS A LOT OF INFORMATION IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT WAYS.

THERE RIGHT.

GET THE DEATH CERTIFICATES AND FOR INFANTS, THE BIRTH CERTIFICATES AND THE MEDICAL FACILITIES ARE REQUIRE TO GIVE THEMTO US AND DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY GIVES US RECORDS.

WE CAN GET OTHER RECORDS FROM LAW ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER FACILITIES.

TO WE AREWE HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF DATA.

THE TEAM GETS TOGETHER AND DECIDES WHETHER IT WAS A PREVENTIBLE DEATH AND A LOT OF RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEATH AND MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS BASED UPON THAT EVIDENCE.

>> Ted: IF IT'S A PREVENTIBLE DEATH OR YOU'RE SEEING A SURGE IN PREVENTIBLE DEATHS, WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

>> EACH YEAR WE MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS WHAT COULD BE DONE TO PREVENT THE DEATHS.

WE HOPE OUR LEGISLATORS LOOK AT OUR RECOMMENDATIONS AS WELL AS PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THE INDIVIDUAL PARENTS.

BECAUSE WE FOCUS ON ALL OF THOSE GROUPS IN TERMS OF THAT.

IF SOMEBODY WAS IN THE COMMUNITY, THEY COULD HAVE PREVENTED THAT CHILD'S DEATH.

>> Ted: THEY GO OVER WHAT THEY DO.

>> YES.

>> Ted: THE LATEST REPORT, WHEN WAS THAT FILED?

>> LAST WEEK.

>> Ted: WOW!

>> IT OUTLINED OUR RECOMMENDATIONS FROM ALL OF THE DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN 2022.

SO LIKE ONE YEAR AWAY.

>> Ted: WHAT WERE SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS?

>> FOR EXAMPLE, WE FOUND 45% OF THE DEATHS WERE PREVENTIBLE AND A HUGE NUMBER.

AND JUST STARTING WITH THE YOUNGEST AGE GROUP, THE INFANT MORTALITY AND WE DOCUMENTED THAT IT INCREASED.

WHEN WE LOOKED AT THE PREVENTIBLE CAUSES, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH THAT WAS PREVENTIBLE WAS SUFFOCATION.

WE LOST 74 HEALTHY BABIES DUE TO SUFFOCATION.

IF WE REVIEWED THAT, OVER 95% OCCURRED IN UNSAFE SLEEP ENVIRONMENTS.

SO A LOT OF RECOMMENDATIONS WE MAKE ON ALWAYS PUT YOUR BABY TO SLEEP ALONE BY THEMSELVES IN A CRIB AND NOTHING ELSE IN THE CRIB WITH THEM AND ON THEIR BACK.

WE CALL IT THE A, B, C'S AND.

AND DEATHS OCCURRED FOR OTHER DEVICES.

THERE'S NOT A LOT OF MISINFORMATION THROUGH THE MIDYA OR SOCIALTHE MEDIAAND BUY ROCKING SLEEPERS AND INFANT LOUNGERS THAT CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS FOR YOUNG BABIES.

>> Ted: POLLPOOL SENSING, WATCH YOUR KIDS AROUND WATER AND STILL HAVE THESE INCIDENTS HAPPENING.

>> I'VE BEEN DOING THIS FOR 30 YEARS AND WE'VE DROPPED THE NUMBERS AND WE NEED TO SAY THAT OVER TIME, WITH LEGISLATION IN VARIOUS WAYS, WE PUSH THIS AS A GROUP TO GET LEGISLATION PASSED WITH THE REQUIRED POOL SENSING.

AND ACTUALLY, THAT WAS A GOOD NEWS THIS YEAR'S REPORT.

THERE WAS A 30% DROP IN DROWNING DEATHS IN THAT YEAR.

>> Ted: AND CHILD SAFETY RESTRAINTS, IS THAT INVOLVED, AS WELL?

>> WE.

MOTOR VEHICLE CRACKS ARE THE MOST COMMON ACCIDENTAL CAUSES OF DEATH AND AND WE FOUND THAT -- I CAN'T REMEMBER THE LAST TIME I SAW A CASE IN WHICH THE CHILD WAS SAFELY RESTRAINED AND DIED.

IT ONLY HAPPENS WHEN THEY'RE NOT RESTRAINED.

A LOT OF THOSE DEATHS, UNFORTUNATELY, ARE TEENAGERS AND WE FOUGHT TO GET GRADUATED LICENSES FOR TEENAGERS SO THEY COULDN'T GO BEHIND THE WHEEL WITHOUT ANY KIND OF PRACTICE TIME AT A LOWER LEVEL WHERE PEOPLE WERE IN THE CAR WITH THEM.

>> Ted: YOU'VE BEEN DOING THIS A LONG TIME AND HAVE THE REVIEWS CHANGED OVER THE YEARS?

THE DROWNING DEATHS, AS YOU MENTIONED, ENCOURAGING NEWS THIS AND OVERALL, HAVE THINGS CHANGED OR THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER?

>> IT'S NOT THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER.

WE HAD TWO THINGS THAT STRUCK ME AND ONE WAS THAT THE POISONING DEATHS ARE HIGH.

WE LOST 34 CHILDREN DUE TO POISONING AND ALL FENTANYL.

THE SADDEST PART OF IT WAS EIGHT WERE UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE.

AND WHAT'S HAPPENING IS PEOPLE WHO HAVE THESE DRUGS IN THEIR HOMES AREN'T LOCKING THEM UP LIKE THEY WOULD A NORMAL MEDICINE AND, OBVIOUSLY, THEY'RE NOT DISTRIBUTED IN CHILD MANUFACTURE PROOF-PROOFCAPS AND ONE PILL KILLS A CHILD.

WE'VE SEEN A BIG INCREASE IN DEATHS DUE TO CONGENITAL SYPHILIS.

THAT'S AN INFECTION THAT I ALMOST NEVER SAW EARLY IN MY CAREER, BUT NOW IT'S SKYROCKETING THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.

ARIZONA HAS THE HIGHEST RATE OF DEATHS IN THAT.

SO YOU SEE NEW THINGS AND MAKE SURE THE MESSAGE GETS OUT.

>> Ted: DR. MARY RIMSZA, THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

>> THANK YOU.

>> I AM MONIQUE MARTINEZ AND I AM A STAFF SERGEANT IN THE ARIZONA ARMY NATIONAL GUARD.

WE HAVE A STATE MISSION WHERE WE'RE TAKING CARE OF THE OF COMMUNITIES, HELPING OUT OTHER STATES AROUND THE KEVIN STITT UNITED STATES AND HUMANITARIAN TYPE MISSIONS.

OUR SECOND MISSION IS THE FEDERAL SIDE.

I GREW UP IN ARIZONA AND GROWING UP, YOU'RE ASKED WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE WHEN YOU GROW UP.

I WANTED TO HELP PEOPLE AND IF I'M DIRECTLY HELPING ME THAT I LIVE IN THE STATE OF ARIZONA.

SO FOR INSTANCE, WHEN COVID HAPPENED AND WHEN FOOD WAS SCARCE, OUR UNIT IN ARIZONA WAS ACTIVATED AND YOU COULD TALK TO ANY SOLDIER AND THEY WOULD 100% TELL YOU IT'S GREAT BEING ABLE TO BE A PART OF A FIX, THE SOLUTION.

SO THAT IS THE MOST REWARDING THING.

S >> STEVES AND PALESTINIANS REACT TO THE DEAL FOR A PAUSE IN FIGHTING AND THE RELEASE OF SOME HOSTAGES.

THAT'S AT 6:00 ON ARIZONA PBS.

TED A NEW STUDY LEAD BY RESEARCHERS AT BARROW NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE FOUND A LINK BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION LEVELS AND THE RISK OF DEVELOPING PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

BRITTANY KRZYZANOWSKI JOINS US NOW AND GOOD TO HAVE YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: A LINK BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND PARKINSONS WITH MEDIAN LEVELS OF AIR BLUES.

POLLUTIONS.

>> THE REASON WE CHOSE THE MEDIAN WAS BECAUSE OUR DATA SHOWED THE RELATIONSHIP PLATEAUED AT THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION AND SO WE COULD HAVE TALKED ABOUT THIS IN TERMS OF THE HIGHEST AIR POLLUTION TO THE LEAST AND THERE WASN'T MUCH DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND THE MEDIAN.

>> Ted: 56% GREATER CHANCE, A LINK.

WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?

>> SO YES, WE HAVE AN ASSOCIATION, AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AT THE NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL AND YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

WHAT WE FOUND WAS BASED ON YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD AT THE KIND OF -- AT A VERY SPACIALLY REFINED NEIGHBORHOOD.

AIR POLLUTION IN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE NATIONWIDE.

THAT ASSOCIATION DID VARY REGIONALLY.

>> Ted: I WANT TO GET TO THE VARIATIONS AND WHEN WE'RE TALKING AIR, WHAT KIND OF AIR POLLUTION?

IT SOUNDS LIKE THE FINE PARTICULATES.

>> SO WHAT WE HAVE, AIR POLLUTION IS TALKED ABOUT IN THE SIZE OF THE APPROXIMATELY AND PARTICLE.

>> Ted: WHERE DOES PHOENIX STAND AND WHERE DOES ARIZONA STAND?

>> PHOENIXPHOENIXPHOENIX HAS A RELATIVE RISK AND WHAT'S INTERESTING, THERE'S A STRONG GEOGRAPHICAL BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE GENERAL WESTERN HALF OF THE NATION INCLUDING ARIZONA.

WHAT THAT MEANS, EVEN THOUGH PHOENIX IS A LOWER RISK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND THEN THE GENERAL PHOENIX AND BROADER PHOENIX AREA HAS RELATIVELY LOW AIR POLLUTION IN IN TERMS OF THE COUNTY LEVEL AVERAGES AND SO EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE THESE LOWER RISKS AND LOWER RATES, MOVING FROM ONE NEIGHBORHOOD IN PHOENIX WITH LOW AIR POLLUTION TO ANOTHER NEIGHBORHOOD WITH HIGHER AIR POLLUTION, THAT WILL RESULT IN A MORE MEANINGFUL CHANGE IN YOUR RISK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

>> Ted: ISN'T THAT INTERESTING.

I NOTICED AS WELL, SOME OF THE HOT SPOTS WERE, LIKE, THE MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER VALLEY.

HOW IS THAT A HOT SPOT FOR PARTICULATES?

>> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

SO WE DID NOT EXPOSE THE ACTUAL -- THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND ONLY OF A CERTAIN SIZE AND SO IT'S INTERESTING TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHY THAT AREA AND WHY NOT THIS AREA?

ONE OF THE THINGS WE CAN NOTE AND SPEC SPECULATE IS THAT THE WESTERN HALF HAS ROAD NETWORK DENSITY AND SO THIS COULD BE ONE OF THE DRIVERS OF THE HIGHER LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION IN THAT AREA.

>> Ted: I NOTICE AS WELL PARTSFUL CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA, TEXAS, KANSAS, EASTERN MICHIGAN AND THE TIP OF FLORIDA AND THIS SOUNDS LIKE CHANCE HERE AND YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE TO GO.

>> THAT'S AN INTERESTING THING, TOO, BECAUSE THOSE ARE THE HOT SPOTS, RIGHT, AND SO IT'S POSSIBLE THAT SOME OF THESE HOT SPOTS, THE MAIN DRIVER OF DISEASE IN THAT AREA MIGHT NOT BE THE AIR POLLUTION.

SO PERHAPS IN THE MIDDLE OF NORTH DAKOTA, THERE COULD BE SOMETHING THAT HAS TO DO WITH ANOTHER TYPE OF EXPOSURE, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, LIKE POLLUTION IN TERMS OF PESTICIDES OR SOLVENTS.

>> Ted: DID YOU FACTOR OUT THE OTHER RISK FACTORS?

>> WE DID.

IN THE STUDY, WE ADJUSTED FOR PESTICIDES AND SOLVENTS AND THAT KIND OF STRENGTHENS OUR RESULTS IN THE SENSE WHERE WE'RE LOOKING AT, THIS IS A VERY STRONG ASSOCIATION NATIONWIDE, 21 MILLION MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES.

>> Ted: WHAT SHOULD WE TAKE FROM THIS STUDY, BECAUSE WHEN WE THINK ABOUT PARKINSONS, I THINK MOST PEOPLE THINK OF PARKINSONS AND PESTICIDES AND WHAT DO WE TAKE FROM THIS STUDY?

>> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

THE FIRST THING I WOULD SAY THAT EVEN THOUGH WE CAN'T MAKE CAUSAL CLAIMS FROM THIS STUDY BECAUSE THE METHODS WE USE, WE STILL FOUND A STRONG ASSOCIATION.

ALSO, YOU KNOW, THERE'S A LOT OF EXISTING EVIDENCE THAT SUGGESTS THAT BREATHING CLEANER AIR WITH LEAD TO A LONGER, HEALTHIER LIFE.

ONE THING WE COULD CONSIDER IS, IF YOU DON'T LIKE THE WATER COMING OUT OF YOUR TAP, YOU CAN BUY BOTTLED WATER.

IF YOU DON'T LIKE HAVING PESTICIDES IN YOUR FOOD, YOU CAN BUY ORGANIC.

IF YOU DON'T LIKE THE AIR QUALITY IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD, THERE'S NOT MUCH YOU CAN DO.

>> Ted: GOOD LUCK.

>> YOU HAVE TO BREATHE THAT AIR.

>> Ted: YEAH.

>> SO JUST THE FACT WE FOUND THIS STRONG ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AIR QUALITY AND ALL OF THESE NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES AND NOW NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, THAT'S COMPELLING.

>> Ted: BRITTANY KRZYZANOWSKI, GOOD TO HAVE YOU.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

>> Ted: I'M TED SIMONS AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

(people chattering)