Songs About Buildings and Moods
Biblioteca Vasconcelos and Ohio State Reformatory
Season 2 Episode 3 | 28m 29sVideo has Closed Captions
Get a glimpse of Mexico City's Biblioteca Vasconcelos with their floating shelves.
Shelves hung from the ceiling give the tens of thousands of books in Mexico City's Biblioteca Vasconcelos the illusion of floating in the air. The library is a thriving culture hub hosting dance, film, music, art exhibits and more. Ohio State Reformatory was a notorious maximum security prison that would later serve as the set for the film The Shawshank Redemption.
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Songs About Buildings and Moods
Biblioteca Vasconcelos and Ohio State Reformatory
Season 2 Episode 3 | 28m 29sVideo has Closed Captions
Shelves hung from the ceiling give the tens of thousands of books in Mexico City's Biblioteca Vasconcelos the illusion of floating in the air. The library is a thriving culture hub hosting dance, film, music, art exhibits and more. Ohio State Reformatory was a notorious maximum security prison that would later serve as the set for the film The Shawshank Redemption.
Problems playing video? | Closed Captioning Feedback
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Learn Moreabout PBS online sponsorshipArchitecture is often referred to as frozen music, And the link between them has long been recognized.
What do the buildings we make say about us?
How does our perception of them change when filtered through music?
I'm Seth Boustead, and this is Songs About Buildings and Moods.
Located in the bustling Buena Vista neighborhood of Mexico City, between a former train station and the site of a storied, weekly market and outdoor concert for punk and heavy metal fans, the Biblioteca Vasconcelos is one of the most stunning libraries I have ever set foot in.
Designed by architect Alberto Kalich, the library is simultaneously a repository of knowledge, an urban oasis, a cultural center, and a model of sustainable design with a botanical garden and green roof.
The library's director Jose Mariano Leyva talked with me in the garden about the history of this special place.
La Biblioteca Vasconcelos fue construida hace 15 años y la idea un poco era tener una biblioteca gigantesca de las proporciones y de la idea que no había en América Latina, prácticamente.
La apuesta fue combinar los acervos digitales junto con los acervos físicos, por ejemplo.
Es un proyecto fantástico del arquitecto Alberto Kalach, hubo un concurso para hacer el diseño y el diseño de Kalach finalmente ganó porque tenía también un poco este aspecto de futurista.
Al mismo tiempo, por ejemplo, en el interior tenemos una obra de Orozco, que es esta ballena, que se llama La Matrix Móvil.
La Biblioteca Vasconcelos inaugura esta idea, en México al menos, de bibliotecas cuyo eje central siguen siendo los libros, siguen siendo los documentos, siguen siendo la gente que viene a estudiar, pero también se empiezan a convertir en una especie de centros culturales.
Y los fines de semana, más bien se gira completamente el sentido de la biblioteca y tenemos eventos culturales de todo tipo: arte, exposiciones, teatro, etc.
Entonces, en ese sentido, sí, es una biblioteca, es una mega biblioteca, pero a final de cuentas, juega un poquito con el concepto de la cultura dentro de las bibliotecas, llevándola a nuevos límites.
Sí, la arquitectura es fantástica, es única.
Se ve un poco como los libros están flotando a través del espacio.
Es muy increíble.
Bueno, a ver, la referencia cuando la abrieron, que yo recuerdo que decían mucho, la biblioteca, cuando la abrieron, la gente empezó a venir poco a poco y recordaron muchísimo la escena de las puertas de monsters.
Cuando están colgadas, yo no la vi y trataba de imaginármela.
Sí, es una arquitectura y es una propuesta muy interesante.
En el momento que tú entras y ves los estantes flotantes, y luego tienes en medio, por ejemplo, la ballena, que también está flotando, se vuelve una cosa visualmente muy atractiva.
La biblioteca Vasconcelos recibe mucho turismo internacional que vienen exclusivamente por la arquitectura.
Entonces, la arquitectura es útil, por este espacio que te decía, y es muy hermosa.
En tu opinión, cómo está cambiando la función de la biblioteca en general en nuestra época?
Mira, a mí me da muchísima risa.
La verdad, cuando me dicen que la gente ya no va a las bibliotecas.
La biblioteca Vasconcelos recibe sábado y domingo alrededor de 3.000 y 5.000 personas diarias.
Entonces, no, no es que no vengan, si vienen.
La biblioteca Vasconcelos, junto con la México, pertenecen a una red que se llama la Red Nacional de Bibliotecas de México, que son alrededor de 7.000 bibliotecas.
Esto quiere decir, estas bibliotecas son las más grandes, la Vasconcelos y la de México.
Cuando hablas de bibliotecas de 7.000, estás hablando de bibliotecas en sitios, en situaciones muy complicadas.
Estás hablando en sitios de miseria.
Estás hablando que estas bibliotecas están en lugares donde hay conflictos armados.
Estás hablando en sitios muy, muy curiosos.
Entonces, un poco lo que pasa con estas bibliotecas de la Red es que se vuelven refugio en todo orden.
Si hay libros, si se dedican a las cuestiones de la biblioteca, pero por ejemplo, algunas se han vuelto dispensarios médicos.
Porque es lo único más o menos seguro que hay.
Otras en otros sitios apartados.
Estamos hablando de bibliotecas muy chiquitas, en muchos casos.
Pero son 7.000.
Entonces, a partir de esa red, yo me he quedado pensando un poco que obviamente una biblioteca en una geografía complicada es muy bueno.
Y empecé a armar la idea de la biblioteca como refugio.
Esta biblioteca, a pesar de estar en la Ciudad de México, que no tiene esos problemas, a pesar de ser una biblioteca muy grande, sigue funcionando como refugio, en un sentido cultural.
Si tú quieres y tienes el tiempo, puedes llegar a las 8 de la mañana y te puedes ir hasta las 8 de la noche y puedes hacer un montón de cosas a tu propio ritmo.
Entonces, yo creo no tenemos que convencer a nadie para que venga.
Sino que la gente viene a este concepto, esta idea de biblioteca.
Me pone muy feliz escuchar esto.
Es muy optimista, es bueno.
Bueno, soy el director de la biblioteca.
Te tengo que decir eso.
Even now, in our fast-paced digital age, libraries remain an important resource for millions of people around the world.
And I think that they're more important now than they've ever been before in so many ways.
Libraries, and this library in particular, have always been especially important for composer Nur Slim.
Estoy un poco curioso sobre el título de la pieza, "Homie".
"Homie"?
Es porque es amigo.
Y aquí en México hay miles de maneras de decirle a alguien amigo.
Y pensé que un lugar como este, una biblioteca tiene que convertirse en un espacio vivo y que sea algo muy cercano, como un amigo.
Y entonces es un lugar donde así como vas al cine o vas a una plaza porque no ir a una biblioteca con todas las cosas que ofrece para estar con tus amigos.
Cuál es la relación entre lo que estás diciendo, amigos, libros y la música?
Pues, por ejemplo, pienso que está pasando un montón de momentos en la composición.
De pronto puedes tener la tranquilidad y cuando tienes estos espacios que estás leyendo algo que te hace ser muy introspectivo.
Pero a veces hay libros que te llenan como de emoción, y en la música hay momentos que están en un tempo más arriba y como no tener siempre el mismo sentimiento, sino tener un amigo, en este caso tener un libro, es toda la serie de emociones, que de pronto mucha gente piensa que un libro ya lo toman como aburrido, la lectura y no, un amigo, tener un libro es como tener esta, como una bolsa de emociones que cada libro lo vas a descubrir, y eso sucede en la pieza.
Tienes estos contrastes que están pasando un montón de emociones desde algo tranquilo y algo súper fuerte, y pienso que tiene mucho que ver uno con el otro, la música y los libros.
Oh, sí, exacto, exacto.
Puedes describir la música para mi?
Por ejemplo, empieza con el celo y etc.
Así es como empieza el movimiento, un contrapunto tranquilo, como una melodía muy bonita y después se pone un poco tecno.
Yo quería escribir algo que también tuviera algo de improvisación.
Entonces la flauta se convierte como en el solista que va guiando y va contando algo, y atrás, los otros tres, las cuerdas están haciéndole como este contrapunto pero rítmico.
Entonces es como una conversación donde la flauta va teniendo el elemento principal pero de pronto todos estamos hablando y terminan diciendo lo mismo, como una conversación.
Ok. Hay una conversación entre los músicos?
Sí, todo el tiempo están, de hecho hay como una pequeña melodía rítmica.
Es la parte tecno?
Es como mi parte tecno.
Y esa pequeña frase la van tocando entre todos y es como cuando estás hablando de algo, es una conversación y este mismo tema cada quien va opinando de él en su diferente registro, en su velocidad y pero todos estamos hablando del mismo tema.
Bien, muy interesante.
Me gustó mucho trabajar con el Vórtice Ensamble, es muy lindo como tener este, eso creo que el título es perfecto como "Homie", porque no nos conocíamos antes a nivel personal, y llegar a trabajar con gente que le encanta hacer música, y compartir y se entiende luego que queremos hacer, entonces me siento muy feliz de estar en este proyecto.
Me parece que este proyecto fue perfecto para ti.
Sí, fue perfecto.
El espacio, el ensamble.
Sí, por eso pienso que fue como algo hecho a la medida y me sentí muy cómoda, y este resultado es súper feliz.
This impressive structure was completed in 1886 as a reformatory for young offenders.
Its fantastical castle-like design was meant to serve as an inspiration, but decades later it had become a notorious prison, and it closed in 1990.
Four years later it served as the set for the film Shawshank Redemption, and ever since it has remained a popular museum with tourists and ghost hunters alike.
Tour guide David Berry takes a special delight in telling this history.
We opened our doors in 1896 as a reformatory for first-time offenders.
We wanted to reform these boys that came here, so we gave them what was called the reformatory concept.
They had to learn a job skill, go to school, go to church, and also participate in yard time.
And this reform program was quite successful.
We started off with the best of intentions, but as we get to the 1970s, we became a full-blown maximum security prison, and that's how we closed December 31st of 1990.
Okay, so by the time it's a maximum security prison, I mean the culture of the place has changed entirely.
Yes, we had tougher inmates coming through here, and this was not the place you wanted to come to.
Okay, in what way?
The reputation, the conditions were bad here, they were deployable here, and we actually got the name of Dracula's Castle in that time period.
- Because it was that bad?
- It was that bad.
Oh, my goodness.
Can you describe for me a day in the life of an inmate here, let's say, first when it's a reformatory?
I mean, what was life like here?
Well, these inmates would spend no more than eight hours a day in their cells.
That time was just asleep.
The remaining 16 hours they were either outside learning their job skill or they were going to school, or they were going to church on Sunday mornings.
The architect Levi Scofield designed the reformatory to be inspiring.
He put a bunch of different architectural designs in the facility including Queen Anne, Victoria and Gothic, Richard Sony and Romanesque Revival, in hopes that these boys that were coming here would be inspired to do better.
So, we gave them this reformatory concept, we kept them out of their cells most of the time to interact with the other inmates and form their social skills.
Let's scoot up now to the 70s, 80s.
It's a maximum security prison.
Can you describe the life of a prisoner at that time?
It's significantly worse, I think, than when it was a reformatory.
Yes, so the reform program was optional.
This was a maximum security prison.
You really had to watch your back here during that time period.
You know, it was out of control during that time period.
Like in the movie, Shawshank Redemption, which was shot here, there's one man in each cell, which seems downright roomy, considering the fact that when I look in, I see two bunks.
How many people would have been in a cell at the worst time of it?
Originally we started out with one guy to a cell, but by the early 20s, they put bunk beds in the cells and they put two guys to a cell.
In the peak of overpopulation, these cells were housed in about three guys to a cell.
It's horrible to think of that.
I won't even share a hotel room with anybody, I mean, let alone, you know, stay in a cell like that with two other people, forget it.
I want to talk about, we filmed the music today.
You were there, you heard Doug's piece.
And so, I want to talk about the chapel a little bit because even now in its faded glory, it really is quite beautiful.
Do you know much about the history of the chapel?
Prior to 1928, that chapel was used for all denominations.
Like I mentioned, church was not optional.
These guys came up here every Sunday morning.
They had to attend at least one of the two services.
So when you came to the chapel, you sat down, you gave your chaplain your utmost respect.
And the reason why is that chaplain was important, if not even more important than the warden himself.
You know, he organized the recreational events and he could also serve as your counselor.
Bassist and composer Doug Johnson and I have been friends for years, and I discussed the idea of him writing music for the Ohio Reformatory over beers after his performance in Carnegie Hall with the Cleveland Orchestra.
As it turned out, four of the musicians from Cleveland agreed to play his piece here in the chapel where we're talking.
There was a lot of anguish here that happened, clearly.
But there was also, I think, a lot of good that came out of this.
A lot of prisoners came out better.
They learned trades and skills, and were able to leave productive lives afterwards.
But that certainly wasn't always, you know, later, They started housing maximum security prisoners, and then the building was not designed for that, and that really led to its demise in the end, I think.
But it was originally reformatory, and the goal, as we can see here in the chapel, it was very much as an uplifting idea.
I know that the architect was thinking about that, uplifting people as they came, impressing them with society, with this big building and this chance to maybe turn your life around at this point.
And is that reflected in the music?
The architect Scofield employed 3 different architectural schools.
You know, Queen Anne and Romanesque and Baroque.
And so I think that my piece has at least three different styles.
There's a little classical Mozartian, there's some Romanticism, there's some heavy metal, I think.
- So it's all kind of... - It's you.
I mean, so there's going to be some heavy metal.
Well, you know, yeah.
And there's the Waltz?
There is a Waltz.
There's always a Waltz, I guess.
But that, to me, represented the Wardens families, you know, the chaplain families, growing up here and how they lived mostly normal lives, I think.
And so I wanted to pair that with some of the second half of the piece, which is more angst-ridden, is to represent the inmates and the struggles they had, because there were inhumane conditions that, in the end, there was a class-action lawsuit that was brought about where they closed the prison as a result because of all kinds of overcrowding and unsanitary conditions, rats and infestations terrible food and, you know, all kinds of horrible things.
That, to me, was actually kind of a culmination, and actually a positive note that through their action they were able to actually close this because it really was inhumane.
So I wanted to kind of represent that.
It wasn't all entirely bleak.
And then in the end, they did kind of overcome.
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