EVERYONE'S CLAMORING FOR CHANGES AT THE BORDER - STAY TUNED TO HEAR WHAT THE IVORY TOWER THINKS OF PRESIDENT BIDEN'S LATEST PLAN.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ WELCOME TO IVORY TOWER.

I'M BARBARA FOUGHT, FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.

JOINING ME ON THE PANEL THIS WEEK ARE -- SARAH PRALLE, FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY TY SEIDULE, FROM HAMILTON COLLEGE RICK FENNER, FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY, AND LUKE PERRY, FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT BIDEN THIS WEEK SET OUT A PROCLAMATION LIMITING IMMIGRATION AT THE SOUTHERN BORDER.

THE NEW THRESHOLD HAS BEEN MET -- CONSECUTIVE DAYS OF 2500 PERSONS COMING IN --SO THIS STOPS ALL ILLEGAL ENTRY ALONG THE BORDER.

ASYLUM SEEKERS CAN STILL USE AN APP TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT AND ENTER LEGALLY AT PORTS-OF-ENTRY, THOUGH WITH 1400 APPOINTMENTS PER DAY -- THEY MAY HAVE TO WAIT A GOOD WHILE.

SO, RICK, I THOUGHT FEDERAL COURT STRUCK DOWN SOMETHING LIKE THIS UNDER PRESIDENT TRUMP.

>> THEY HAVE, AND MY VIEW, I'M NOT SURE THAT PRESIDENT BIDEN WOULD BE ALL THAT UNHAPPY TO HAVE THE COURTS STRIKE DOWN THIS AS WELL.

IMMIGRATION HAS BEEN HIGH ON THE LIST OF THINGS THAT VOTERS HAVE SAID THEY'RE WORRIED ABOUT, AND THEY SEE TRUMP AS BEING MUCH MORE ABLE TO DEAL WITH THE SITUATION.

SO PUTTING THIS FORWARD ALLOWS BIDEN TO SAY HE'S TRIED SOMETHING.

THE COURT STRIKES IT DOWN, THEN HE CAN THROW IT BACK TO CONGRESS AND REMIND PEOPLE THAT IT HAS BEEN REPUBLICANS LATELY THAT HAVE BEEN DRAGGING THEIR FEET.

HE HAD PUT FORTH A PROPOSAL THAT WOULD HAVE INCLUDED MORE MONEY TO DEAL WITH THIS PROBLEM AS WELL AS THE RESTRICTIONS AND THE REPUBLICANS HAVE REFUSED TO PUT IT FORWARD.

SO I THINK HE GETS SOME POLITICAL MILEAGE OUT OF THAT.

>> POLITICAL MILEAGE, TYE?

>> I THINK WE CAN LOOK AT THIS NOT JUST HERE IN THE U.S.

BUT ACROSS THE WORLD AND POPULISM, THE FIRE OF POPULISM RECEIVES IT'S OXYGEN FROM ANTI-IMMIGRANT FERVOR.

AND WE ARE SEEING THAT RIGHT NOW AND UNTIL THAT DIES DOWN, LIT CONTINUE TO BE AN ISSUE.

THE GLOBAL SOUTH WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE NORTH BECAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE.

WE ARE.

15% THE FOREIGN BORN IN THE 20s.

AND WHEN THAT HAPPENED, THAT'S WHEN THE RACIST I AM IMMIGRATION LAWS PASSED AND REALLY LIMITED IMMIGRATION DOWN TO ABOUT 5% BY 1965 WHEN THE NEW LAWS CAME INTO PLAY.

WHEN THE NEW LAW CAME INTO PLAY, IT ALLOWED PEOPLE FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.

THAT IS WHAT HAS FUELED POPULISM IS PARTLY RACISM AND PARTLY FOREIGN BORN.

BIDEN IS TRYING TO REACT TO THE POPULISM AND NOT JUST HERE BUT ALL OVER THE WORLD.

>> I THINK, YOU KNOW, WHAT IS DISHEARTENING ABOUT THAT IS THAT THERE IS NOT A LOT OF COUNTER NARRATIVE TO COUNTER THE RIGHT WING POPULISM DISCOURSE AROUND IMMIGRATION AND IMMIGRANTS.

IT'S NOT SOMETHING YOU CAN JUST DO IN AN ELECTION YEAR.

HAVE YOU TO BUILD THAT COUNTER NARRATIVE TO REALLY MAKE THE CASE THAT IMMIGRANTS ARE NOT THE ENEMIES.

THEY'RE NOT CRIMINALS.

THEY ACTUALLY CAN ADD AND ARE POSITIVE INFLUENCE ON OUR COUNTRY.

THE DEMOCRATS HAVE JUST BASICALLY TRIED TO SORT OF IGNORE THE ISSUE AND HOPE THAT IT SORT OF GOES AWAY OR THAT OTHER ISSUES CROWD IT OUT LIKE ABORTION RIGHTS.

AND I FIND IT VERY, YOU KNOW, DIFFICULT, TO SEE BIDEN EMBRACING THIS KIND OF ENFORCEMENT ONLY POLICY BECAUSE THESE POLICIES SEND MESSAGES, RIGHT?

SO, YOU KNOW, MAYBE POLITICALLY HE DOESN'T WANT IT TO ACTUALLY GO INTO EFFECT, BUT IT'S SENDING MESSAGES AND FRAMING IMMIGRANTS IN A CERTAIN WAY THAT, IN THE LONG TERM, IS REALLY HARMFUL, I THINK.

>> I THINK THE PERCEPTION IS IMPORTANT AS YOU ALL TALKED ABOUT, BUT THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REALITY IS REALLY IMPORTANT AS WELL.

I MEAN WE HAVE TWO MILLION APPLICATIONS THAT NEED TO BE PROCESSED RIGHT NOW FOR ASYLUM AND 1500 GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES WHO DO THAT.

IT WILL COST $2 BILLION PER THE GOVERNMENT'S ESTIMATE TO CLOSE THAT GAP OVER FIVE YEARS AND I DON'T THINK THERE IS THE WILL OR THE CAPACITY TO DO THAT.

NOT ONLY FROM CONGRESS BUT FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AS WELL.

AND SO THE OTHER ISSUE IS THAT YOU HAVE 1.3 MILLION WHO HAVE APPLIED FOR ASYLUM IN THE U.S.

DENIED AND THEY HAVE 90 DAYS TO LEAVE AND HAVEN'T LEFT.

I THINK BIDEN NEEDS TO TAKE ACTION AS THE PRESIDENT.

HE IS RUNNING THE SHIP, IF CONGRESS IS DOING NOTHING, THEY LOOK TO HIM TO DO SOMETHING AND I CAN SEE HOW DO YOU THIS AS A FIRST STEP AND HOPEFULLY RE-ELECTED, TRY TO RAISE FUNDS TO START CLOSING THE GAP AND GET PEOPLE HERE PROPERLY.

>> BECAUSE IF THERE IS NO MONEY ATTACHED TO THIS, SO THERE IS NOT MUCH THAT CAN BE DONE WITH THIS NOW?

>> ONE WAY FROM A PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE IS TO TRY TO STOP THE PEOPLE FROM COMING IN TO HELP GET A HANDLE ON THE PROBLEM AND HELP STOP CLOSE THE GAP.

STEP ONE IS MONEY AND STEP 2 IS FOLLOW THROUGH.

>> STEP ONE WILL GET STRUCK DOWN BY THE COURTS SO WE ARE BACK TO THE STARTING POINT AGAIN.

>> IT DEPENDS HOW THEY INTERN REAT DETRIMENTAL NATIONAL IMPACT.

THAT'S THE LETTER OF THE LAW THAT NEEDS TO BE FOLLOWED.

OBVIOUSLY TRUMP'S POLICIES PERCEIVE AS RACIST OR BIGOTED, AND SO I DON'T THINK THERE IS THAT ELEMENT HERE.

I DON'T THINK IT'S CERTAIN THAT IT WILL BE STRUCK DOWN.

>> I WONDER HOW YOU THINK WILL THIS AFFECT THE LOCAL CONGRESSIONAL RACES, 10 CLAUDIA TENNEY AND OTHERS.

>> I THINK THEY'RE IN LINE WITH, YOU KNOW, RIGHT WING REPUBLICANS ON IMMIGRATION.

THE PARTY LINE ON IMMIGRATION.

AND SO THEY'RE GOING TO USE IT TO RUN ON FOR SURE.

AND SO THE QUESTION-- AND I THINK I AGREE WITH RICK IN THE SENSE THAT I'M NOT SURE POLITICALLY THIS IS ACTUALLY GOING TO HELP BIDEN BECAUSE HONESTLY, PEOPLE SEE TRUMP AS THE ONE WHO IS "BEST ON IMMIGRATION" AND BIDEN MIGHT HELP NEUTRALIZE THE ISSUE A LITTLE BIT WITH MAYBE SOME INDEPENDENT VOTERS.

BUT THAT'S NOT GOING TO STOP THESE LOCAL REPUBLICANS FROM RUNNING ON THIS ISSUE AND RUNNING HARD ON IT.

>> THEY'RE GOING TO BE-- BUT THEY ARE GOING TO HAVE TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF WHY REPUBLICANS HAVEN'T ACTED BEFORE ON HIS MORE SUBSTANTIVE PROPOSALS AND SO I THINK HIS HOPE IS TO DEFLECT AND PUT THE PRESSURE ON THEM TO NOT JUST SAY TOO LITTLE TOO LATE BUT THEN OKAY, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT ABOUT IT.

>> I THINK IT GOES BY THE ASYLUM LAW IS AN OLD LAW.

IT COMES AFTER WORLD WAR II WHEN WE WERE HAVING-- WHEN WE KEPT JEWISH PEOPLE FROM EUROPE FROM COMING IN.

INTERNATIONAL LAW CHANGED TO ALLOW THIS ASYLUM SEEKERS IN BUT NOW THE ASYLUM HAS BEEN CHANGED AND WITH SOCIAL MEDIA, EVERYBODY CAN PUT IT ON THEIR APP OR THEY CAN HAVE ASYLUM SEEKING.

IT'S MUCH EASIER.

AND WHEN THEY DO THAT, THE NUMBERS ARE OVERWHELMING US.

I DO THINK THAT THE LAWS GOING TO HAVE TO CHANGE BUT RIGHT NOW THAT'S NOT GOING TO HAPPEN SASS LONG AS REPUBLICANS SEE A WINNING POLITICAL STRATEGY, AND THEY HAVE IT.

>> AND THE DEMOCRATS?

ARE THEY GOING TO JUST KEEP QUIET, SARAH AND GO ALONG WITH BIDEN ON THIS EVEN IF THEY DON'T REALLY LIKE IT?

>> SOME ARE SPEAKING OUT AGAINST IT.

THIS IS POLITICALLY NOT A GOOD STRATEGY TO CHOOSE POLICIES THAT DIVIDE YOUR OWN COALITION.

YOU SHOULD BE PICKING ISSUES THAT DIVIDE OR OPPOSITION.

SO IN THAT SENSE, YOU KNOW, THERE HAVE BEEN PEOPLE SPEAKING OUT, REPRESENTATIVE GIA PAUL, I AGREE WITHLER CRITICISM.

SO I THINK THEY'RE GOING TO FACE PRESSURE TO DIAL THE CRITICISM DOWN.

WE ARE STILL MANY MONTHS AWAY FROM THE ELECTION.

BUT THEY MAKE SOME REALLY USEFUL POINTS ABOUT, AGAIN, ABOUT THIS RHETORIC AND HOW HARMFUL IT IS AND HOW IT'S NOT REALLY SOLVING THE PROBLEM AND THE REASON WHY PEOPLE ARE CLAIMING ASYLUM, SO MANY, IS BECAUSE IN PART WE DON'T HAVE LEGAL WAYS FOR THEM TO GET INTO THE COUNTRY.

>> THIS IS PART OF A STRATEGY WE ARE GOING TO SEE BOTH BIDEN AND TRUMP FOLLOW AND THAT IS MOVING TOWARD THE CENTER.

THE MEDIAN VOTER HYPOTHESIS SAYS IN ORDER TO BE ELECTED, YOU HAVE TO HAVE VIEWS THAT ARE MORE IN LINE WITH MAINSTREAM.

AND THIS IS ONE ON IMMIGRATION AND TRUMP HAS TRIED TO DO IT WITH ABORTION.

I THINK WE ARE GOING TO SEE MORE OF THIS.

>> OUR NEXT TOPIC RELATES TO DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE.

RESEARCH SHOWS WOMEN OF COLOR WHO START BUSINESSES GET LESS THAN ONE-PERCENT OF ALL THE VENTURE CAPITAL GIVEN OUT.

SO ONE SUCH FUND, THE FEARLESS FUND, OFFERED $20,000 DOLLAR GRANTS TO BLACK WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS.

A CONSERVATIVE GROUP SUED, SAYING SUCH THE GRANTS VIOLATE THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT BECAUSE THEY DISCRIMINATE AGAINST WOMEN OF OTHER RACES.

AND THIS WEEK A FEDERAL APPEALS COURT IN THE SOUTHEAST STOPPED THE GRANTS, WHILE THE LEGAL CASE PROCEEDS.

LUKE, WHAT IS YOUR TAKE ON?

>> I THINK THIS IS CERTAINLY A WORTHWHILE CAUSE THAT THIS NON-PROFIT IS WORKING TOWARDS.

UNFORTUNATELY I THIS I THEY HAVE BEEN TRIPPED UP BY THE LETTER OF THE LAW WITH THE 1866 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT THAT YOU MENTIONED WHICH BANS RACIAL DISCRIMINATION WHEN IT COMES TO CONTRACTS.

THIS WAS ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO HELP PROTECT FORMER SLAVES FROM BEING DISCRIMINATED AGAINST.

HERE WE ARE IN A DIFFERENT TIME AND WE HAVE A DIFFERENT LEGAL INTERPRETATION OF HOW THAT APPLIES.

I THINK MOVING FORWARD, WHAT THEY HAVE ARGUED IS THAT THEY'RE NOT ACTUALLY ISSUING CONTRACTS.

THEY'RE PROVIDING DONATIONS.

AT THE SAME TIME, ON THEIR WEBSITE IT EXPLICITLY SAYS THEY'RE GIVING CONTRACTS.

SO I THINK THEY'RE GOING TO PROBABLY NEED TO SHIFT IN HOW THEY APPROACH WHAT THEY'RE DOING, PURSUE THE SAME GOALS, BUT MOVE AWAY FROM THAT LANGUAGE, PERHAPS MOVE TOWARDS FOCUS ON LIVED EXPERIENCE WHERE APPLICANTS CAN TALK ABOUT THEIR BACKGROUND AND USE THAT AS A WAY TO STILL HELP THE PEOPLE THEY WANT TO HELP AND COMPLY WITH THE LAW.

>> I JUST THINK IT'S AWFUL AND IRONIC THAT A LAW THAT WAS CREATED TO HELP THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED IS BEING USED AS A CUDGEL AGAINST THEIR DECISIONS AND SAYING COLOR BLINDNESS IS GOING TO CANCEL 400 YEARS OF HISTORY AND IT JUST IS A CRUEL-- IT'S CRUEL TO BE DOING THAT.

AND IF BLACK FAMILIES HAVE ONE TENDS THE WEALTH OF WHITE FAMILIES, AND IF YOU HAVE EVER BEEN TO THE BLACK BELT IN THE SOUTH, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, YOU SEE THE INCREDIBLE POVERTY THERE, AND THAT'S DONE BY POLICIES CREATED IN THE 20th CENTURY, WHETHER IT'S THE RED LINING OR SEGREGATION, AND SO THE IDEA THAT WE ARE GOING TO USE LAWS THAT MEANT TO HELP THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED TO HURT THEIR DESCENDANTS SEEMS CRUELS.

>> I THINK IT'S A VALID PROGRAM TO TRY TO REMEDY THE RACIAL IMBALANCES THAT TOOK PLACE BEFORE.

AND THEY'RE STILL HERE.

WE DON'T HAVE A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD.

IT MAY BE MORE LEVEL.

AND I THINK IT'S SOMEWHAT DISINGENUOUS THAT THE ALLIANCE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS, WHAT A GREAT NAME, HAVE BEEN SILENT WHEN THE ADVANTAGES WERE TO WHITES AND NOW THAT, AGAIN, WE ARE TRYING TO REMEDY SOME OF THESE PAST IMBALANCES, NOW THEY'RE COMING UP, PLAYING THE VICTIM HERE.

>> AND YOU KNOW, I WOULD JUST ADD THAT THESE RIGHT WING LEGAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE A NUMBER OF THESE LAWSUITS, NOT ALL OF WHICH HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

THEY, YOU KNOW, SUED AMAZON, PFIZER, SOME OTHER COMPANIES.

FOR SOME OF THEIR PROGRAMS, DEI TYPE PROGRAMS.

AND THEY DON'T ALWAYS WIN.

BUT THE POINT IS IT CAN HAVE A CHILLING EFFECT, RIGHT?

COMPANIES ARE RISK AVERSE.

THEY DON'T WANT HUGE LAWSUITS THAT THEY HAVE TO DEFEND.

THEY DON'T WANT THE, YOU KNOW, PUBLICITY THAT THIS BRINGS AND SO A LOT OF THEM ARE QUIETLY CHANGING THEIR DEI PROGRAMS SO THAT THEY'RE NOT YOU KNOW, SORT OF HELPING OUT MINORITY GROUPS AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE TO ALL.

AND SO THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT, RIGHT, THAT THIS KIND OF HAS THIS LARGER CHILLING EFFECT BECAUSE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THIS PARTICULAR CASE, THE STAKES SEEM KIND OF LOW.

THIS COMPANY ONLY GIVES OUT FOUR OF THESE $20,000 EACH SO THAT'S $80,000 IN GRANTS TO BLACK WOMEN, IS PRETTY SMALL POTATOES.

YOU WONDER WHY THEY'RE DOING THIS AND IT'S REALLY BECAUSE THEY'RE IN A MUCH LARGER FIGHT TO CLAIM THAT WHITES ARE THE VICTIM.

>> I THINK THEY HAVE BEEN FAIRLY SUCCESSFUL THIS GROUP HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN LAWSUITS AND ONE OF THOSE GOT TO THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES IN COLLEGES AS WE TALKED ABOUT ON THE SHOW AND NOW THIS.

IF YOU LOOK AT THE GROUP AND THE IMPACT, IT HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANT IN ADDITION TO WHAT YOU SAID, THE REVERBERATIONS OF THAT.

WE KNOW THE COURTS FOR MOST OF AMERICAN HISTORY HAVE BEEN CONSERVATIVE.

A SHORT PERIOD WHERE IT WAS MORE LIBERAL AND MORE RACE CONSCIOUS BUT OTHER THAN THAT THEY'VE USED THE COURTS TO LIMIT THE FREEDOM AND TO LIMIT EQUAL RIGHTS RATHER THAN TO INCREASE THEM.

>> RICK, I'M WONDERING IF SARAH TALKS ABOUT THIS TREND, I'M WONDERING IF THIS WOULD HAVE AN IMPACT ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO MIGHT BE APPLYING FOR SOME KIND OF DIVERSITY FELLOW SHIPS OR DEI DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION.

>> I THINK, AS LUKE SAID, THEY HAVE WON A NUMBER OF CASES AS SARAH SAID EVEN THE COMPANIES HAVE CHANGED THEIR POLICIES, THERE HAS BEEN A CHILLING EFFECT OF THIS AND I THINK IT'S GOING TO CONTINUE FORWARD.

>> SO LUKE, IF THIS GETS TO THE SUPREME COURT, THEY HAVE HAD SOME DIFFERENT DECISIONS RELATED TO RACE.

DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHAT THE COURTS MIGHT DECIDE ON THIS ISSUE?

>> LOOKING AT THE NATURE OF THE COURT, THIS IS THE MOST CONSERVATIVE COURT WE HAVE HAD IN RECENT MENTAL GENERALLY HIVE MEMORY.

BASED ON THE PRECEDENT, I WOULD SUSPECT THAT IT WOULD LOOK OPEN MINDED IF NOT FAVORABLE TOWARDS THE ARGUMENT HERE.

>> TY, DO YOU SEE OTHER WAYS COMPANIES COULD BE HELPING SUPPORT WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF COLOR?

>> I DO THINK IT'S INTERESTING WHERE THE COURTS HAVE ALLOWED RACE-BASED-- TO LOOK AT THAT.

ONE IS THE MILITARY ACADEMIES.

THEY HAVE A CARVEOUT FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR THE MILITARY BECAUSE THEY SAY WE NEED TO ENSURE THAT OUR OFFICER CORPS LOOK LIKE THE ENLISTED CORPS AND WE CAN'T JUST HAVE AN OFFICER CORPS THAT IS ONE OR 2% AFRICAN-AMERICAN.

IT IS IMPORTANT FOR OUR MILITARY AND IT IS, AND THE SAME ARGUMENT COULD BE USED IN OTHER AREAS AS WELL AND THEY SAY NO, IT CAN'T.

IT'S AN INTERESTING HOW THE COURT IS PARSING THIS, AND THEIR CASE IS FOR THAT RIGHT NOW.

I DON'T KNOW HOW A COMPANY IS GOING TO DO THIS.

THEY'RE SO RISK AVERSE.

I DON'T KNOW HOW THEY'RE GOING TO DO THAT.

IN HIGHER ED WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW THAT IS GOING TO WORK.

>> LOTS OF PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW IT WORKS.

IT FELT LIKE SUMMER THIS WEEK SO I'VE ASKED THE PAM TO LOOK AT THEIR BOOK SHELVES AND FIND A BOOK TO RECOMMEND TO YOU FOR YOUR SUMMER READING.

IT MIGHT BE ONE THEY'VE READ OR ONE THEY'RE READY TO READ THIS SUMMER.

SARAH, START US OFF.

WHAT DO YOU RECOMMEND?

>> I'M RECOMMENDING THE OVER STORY BY RICHARD POWERS, WHICH I READ LAST YEAR.

AND IT'S A REAL SWEEPING NOVEL THAT CENTERS TREES AS KIND OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS.

THAT MIGHT SEEM ODD GIVEN THAT TREES DON'T SEEM TO DO THAT MUCH BUT THAT'S WHAT THE AUTHOR IS TRYING TO CHALLENGE US TO THINK OF TREES IN MORE HUMAN LIKE WAYS, THEY'RE PARTS OF COMMUNITIES, THEY HELP EACH OTHER OUT.

THEY LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER AND COMMUNICATE WITH ANOTHER.

IT ALSO HAS HUMAN CHARACTERS SO IT HAS LOTS OF INTERESTING STORIES.

THE STORIES START INTERSECTING WHEN THE VARIOUS CHARACTERS GO OUT WEST AND BECOME RADICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS IN SUPPORT OF SAVING OLD GROWTH FORESTS.

>> TY, WHAT IS YOURS.

>> THE LIBERATION TRILOGY BY RICK ATKINSON.

YESTERDAY WAS THE 80th ANNIVERSARY OF DEI DAY.

IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND D DAY, THE FINAL BOOK ON THE TRILOGY IS GUNS AT LAST LIGHT.

HE RESEARCHES LIKE THE DEVIL, WRITES LIKE AN ANGEL.

A SHOWING OF ONE OF AMERICA'S FINEST HOURS WHICH IS TRIUMPHING OVER THE EVIL OF NEIGHBORHOODISM, LIBERATING THE DEATH CAMPS AND FREEING MILLIONS OF HUMANS FROM NAZI TERROR.

IT'S A GREAT READ.

>> THREE FOR ONE THERE.

>> RICK WHAT HAVE YOU GOT.

>> THE ROAD TO FREEDOM, ECONOMICS AND THE GOOD SOCIETY BY JOSEPH STIGLITZ WHO WON THE NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS.

HE ARGUED THE POLITICAL RIGHT HOSTAGE A SIMPLISTIC AND FLAWED VISION OF FREEDOM CAUSING THEM TO CAUSE UNREGULATED MARKETS WITH FREEDOM AND LOSS OF FREEDOM AND DOES A GOOD JOB OF SHOWING HOW ONE PERSON'S FREEDOM CAN EASILY CAUSE ANOTHER'S LOSS OF FREEDOM AND THAT WE NEED TO COME UP WITH A NEW SYSTEM, BOTH POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC THAT ENSURES THAT FREEDOM OF ALL CAN BE BROUGHT FORWARD AND HE SAYS THAT SOMETIMES COLLECTIVE ACTION CAN LEAD TO MORE FREEDOM THAN SIMPLY LETTING INDIVIDUALS DO WHATEVER THEY WANT GO SO IT SOUNDS A LITTLE HEAVY.

>> YES, BUT... FOR ANYONE WHO WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, HE HAS DONE VERY GOOD JOB OF OR DEALING WITH ISSUES FROM WEALTH DISTRIBUTION TO GLOBALIZATION AND HE IS AN EXCELLENT, EXCELLENT WRITER.

THIS IS GENERAL NON-FICTION.

THIS IS NOT JUST FOR ECONOMIC NERDS LIKE ME.

>> EASY TO READ.

EVEN I COULD UNDERSTAND IT.

>> YES.

>> LUKE, WHAT HAVE YOU GOT FOR US.

>> WHEN I THINK SUMMER, I THINK BASEBALL AND I'M CURRENTLY READING THE BOOK CALLED THE ARM BY JEFF PASSAN A JOURNALIST.

LOVE THE SUBTITLE.

INSIDE THE BILLION-DOLLAR MYSTERY OF THE MOST VALUABLE COMMODITY IN SPORTS.

YOUTH COACHING IS ANOTHER MAJOR SERVICE ENDEAVOR FOR ME AND I COACH LITTLE LEAGUE AND HELP RUN OUR TOWN'S LITTLE LEAGUE AND I NEED TO COACH YOUNG PITCHERS.

IF YOU FOLLOW PITCHING, YOU KNOW THIS CENTURY WE HAVE HAD AN EPIDEMIC OF PITCHERS BUFFALOING OUT THEIR ARM, TEARING THE LIGAMENT THAT HELPS HOLD THEIR ELBOW TOGETHER.

THIS BOOK CHRONICLES HOW WE GOT HERE AND TRIES TO PROVIDE INSIGHTS HOW WE CAN REMEDY THIS VERY CHALLENGING SITUATION.

>> IS IS THERE A KEY SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE DONE WRONG TO HAVE ALL THESE ARMS BUFFALO OUT, AS YOU SAY.

>> ONE CRITIQUE IN THE BOOK IS THE RISE OF YEAR ROUND SPECIALIZATION IN SPORTS WHICH WOULD BE TRAVEL LEAGUES AND IF YOU ARE A PITCHER AND YOU PLAY BASEBALL AND YOU PITCH YEAR ROUND AND YOU ARE EIGHT, NINE YEARS OLD, ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU CAN THROW 70, 80 MILES AN HOUR, THAT WON'T BE GOOD FOR YOUR LIGAMENTS IN YOUR ELBOW.

PITCH LIMITS AND NOT SPECIALIZING PLAYING YEAR ROUND IS ONE POTENTIAL REMEDY ALTHOUGH THAT IS NOT A CONSENSUS.

>> THAT OCCURS IN OTHER SPORTS NOT JUST BASEBALL.

>> IT'S A MONEY MAKER.

THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS PEOPLE DO THAT.

>> DAVID CHANATRY TOLD ME ON EMAIL GAVE HIM A BOOK CALLED ROBERT E. LEE AND ME BY TY SIDULE.

>> I RECOMMEND IT.

>> ONE BOOK I WANT TO RECOMMEND IS WHITE TOO LONG BY ROBERT JONES.

IT IS THE TITLE OF IT COMES FROM A JAMES BALDWIN QUOTE WHICH IS WHITE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WHITE SO LONG, THAT THEY ARE BEYOND ANY CONCEIVABLE HOPE OF MORAL REHABILITATION.

IT'S REALLY ABOUT WHITE SUPREMACY IN AMERICAN CHRISTIANITY AND THE AUTHOR IS HEAD OF A PUBLIC RESEARCH GROUP AND THEY DID AN ACADEMIC STUDY SHOWING THAT ON THE RACISM SCALE WHITE CHRISTIANS ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAN ALL WHITES AND EVEN ALL WHITES WHO ARE NOT RELIGIOUS AT ALL.

IT'S A HARD READ.

I WILL CONFESS THAT BECAUSE IT REALLY GOT TO MY HEART AND OUR CHURCH BROOK BOOK GROUP THAT READ IT.

IF WE DON'T KNOW HISTORY, WE CAN'T CHANGE IT.

ALSO SINCE I HAVE A MINUTE, TUCK IN ANOTHER BOOK, A RECOMMENDATION FROM TWO OF OUR "THE IVORY TOWER" VIEWERS.

AND THAT IS AMERICAN RAMBLE ANN AND DAN GULLEY GAVE ME THIS BOOK WHEN WE WERE ON THE ROAD AT UTICA UNIVERSITY.

IT IS FROM A WALL STREET JOURNAL WHO WALKED ON BACK LANES ALL THE WAY TO NEW YORK CITY AND IT'S ABOUT THE PEOPLE HE MET, IT'S PART MEMOIR, PART SPIRITUAL JOURNEY AND IT'S INFUSED WITH A LOT OF HISTORY OF HARPER'S FERRY AND THOSE LITTLE TOWNS THAT HE MET.

HE IS A VERY GIFTED WRITER AND SO I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO TAKE A LOOK AT AMERICAN RAMBLE.

AND NOW, LET'S GO FROM THE BOOK SHELF TO THE GRADEBOOK.

SARAH WHO GETS YOUR F. >> SO MY F GOES TO GOVERNOR HOCHUL WHO HAS INDEFINITELY PAUSED NEW YORK CITY'S CONGESTION PRICING PROGRAM.

IT WOULD HAVE BEEN THE FIRST IN THE COUNTRY.

THESE POLICIES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTED ELSEWHERE.

THEY HELP REDUCE TRAFFIC AND LOCAL AIR POLLUTION.

AND IN ADDITION, THE NEW YORK CITY PLAN WOULD HAVE RAISED A BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR TO IMPROVE NEW YORK CITY'S SUBWAY AND BUS SYSTEM WHICH IS IN DIRE NEED AND LONG OVERDUE.

SO IT'S REALLY DISAPPOINTING TO SEE A GOOD POLICY THAT WAS DECADES IN THE MAKING SCUTTLED AT THE LAST MINUTE.

>> TY, HOW ABOUT YOUR F. >> TO STEVE BANNON AFTER THE TRUMP CONVICTION, HE IS OPENLY CALLING FOR REPUBLICAN PROSECUTORS AROUND THE COUNTRY TO CHARGE DEMOCRATS FOSH CRIMES EVEN IF THEY HAVE NOT BEEN COMMITTED.

BUT HE IS GOING TO JAIL FOR CONTENT OF CONGRESS IN JULY.

SO MAYBE HE IS GET IS JUST DESSERTS.

>> RICK.

>> MY F GOES TO RUSSIA FOR RUNNING A SECRET DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGN AIMED AT CREATING THE IMPRESSION THAT THE UPCOMING PARIS OLYMPICS HAVE SIGNIFICANT SECURITY SHORTCOMINGS, TRYING SCARE PEOPLE AWAY.

>> SO ARE THEY DOING THIS ON SOCIAL MEDIA?

>> THERE WERE A NUMBER OF WAYS THAT THEY WERE TRYING TO GET AT AND SPREAD THIS INFORMATION, INCLUDING SOCIAL MEDIA, YES.

>> WHAT I LOVE ABOUT THE AS AND FS, YOU TEACH ME THINGS I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT.

>> SIMILAR THING DIFFERENT INFORMATION.

ISRAELI GOVERNMENT FOR USING FAKE SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS TO LOBBY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS TO INCREASE MILITARY AID.

I EXPECT THIS FROM OUR VSHZ ADVERSARIES LIKE RUSSIA BUT NOT OUR ALLIES.

>> HOW ABOUT SOMEBODY GETTING AN A.

>> MY A GOES TO THE STATE OF COLORADO FOR ENACTING A LAW THAT WILL MAKE IT EASIER FOR RESIDENTS OF DETENTION CENTERS AND JAILS TO VOTE IN STATEWIDE ELECTIONS.

NOT ALL INMATES ARE ELIGIBLE BUT FOR THOSE WHO ARE, IT CAN BE VERY DIFFICULT TO VOTE.

SO IT'S REASSURING TO SEE A STATE MAKING IT EASIER TO VOTE RATHER THAN MORE DIFFICULT, WHICH IS THE UNFORTUNATE DIRECTION THAT MANY OTHER STATES ARE TAKING.

>> TY.

>> MY A GOES TO THE U.S. ARMY 7th TRANSPORTATION BRIGADE AND THIRD ARMY, THEY'RE CREATING A PIER TO DELIVER LIFE SAVING AID TO GAZA.

A STORM SCROI DESTROYED THE THRIRS EFFORT LIKE THE PIER MADE 80 YEARS AGO ON D DAY BUT THEY WILL FIX IT.

IT IS A REMINDER THAT THE U.S. MILITARY REFLECTS AMERICA AT ITS BEST, SAVING LIVES AROUND THE WORLD.

>> WE DON'T ALWAYS THINK ABOUT THAT WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE MILITARY.

>> BUT WE HAVE-- WE SAVE A LOT OF LIVES THROUGH THE U.S. NAVY, AIR FORCE, ARMY, AGAIN, WE REFLECT THE NATION WHEN IT'S AT ITS BEST AND OCCASIONALLY AT ITS WORST.

>> A GOOD REMINDER.

RICK, HOW ABOUT YOUR A.

>> LIKE LUKE, COME THE SUMMER, I THINK OF BASEBALL.

MY A GOES TO THE NEW YORK YANKEES WHO WON THEIR EIGHTH STRAIGHT GAME LAST NIGHT.

BASEBALL'S BEST RECORD AND ACCOMPLISHED THIS WITHOUT GARRETT COLE LAST YEAR'S CY YOUNG WINNER THROWING EVEN A SINGLE PITCH FOR THEM THIS YEAR.

A GREAT TIME TO BE A YANKEES FAN.

>> ALL THOSE YANKEES FANS OUT THERE ARE GLAD FOR THAT.

LUKE YOUR A.

>> TO THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEER SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHO WILL COMPLETELY ANNUAL TERM THIS MONTH.

THEY PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN DEVELOPING DISTRICT GOALS, BUDGETING AND IMPLEMENTING STATE EDUCATION POLICIES.

IT'S OFTEN A THANKLESS AND TIRELESS JOB BUT IMPORTANT ONE THAT HELPS KIDS.

>> AND YOU HAVE SOME EXPERIENCE.

>> I DO.

YES.

I DON'T MISS IT.

IT WAS A LOT OF WORK BUT I'M GLAD I DID IT FOR THE TIME I DID.

>> VERY GOOD.

JUST ONE HISTORY NOTE, UP WITH 00th ANNIVERSARY OF THE INDIAN CITIZENSHIP ACT WHICH DECLARED THAT ALL NON-CITIZEN INDIANS BORN WITHIN THE TERRITORIAL LIMITS ARE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.

1924, LONG OVER DUE BUT THAT IS A 100th ANNIVERSARY.

AND AS WE CLOSE, I ENCOURAGE TO YOU WRITE US YOUR OPINIONS ON THESE TOPICS THE ADDRESSES ARE ON THE SCREEN.

WE'RE NOW ON YOUTUBE.

EACH SHOW SEGMENT IS THERE - LOOK FOR THE PLAYLIST ON W-C-N-Y'S YOUTUBE PAGE.

THE SHOW AIRS ON TV ON FRIDAYS AT 8, AND ON SATURDAY AFTERNOONS AT 5:30.

AND YOU CAN FIND US STREAMING ONLINE ANY TIME AT WCNY.ORG.

BE WELL.

GOOD NIGHT.