WILL BE TALKING ABOUT WHETHER WE STILL NEED BLACK HISTORY MONTH AND POLICE RECKLESS DRIVING AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN RUSSIA.

STAY TUNED.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ WELCOME TO IVORY TOWER.

I'M BARBARA FOUGHT, FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.

JOINING ME THIS WEEK ARE MICHAEL TILLOTSON FROM SUNY-CORTLAND, ANIRBAN ACHARYA FROM LEMOYNE COLLEGE, CHAD SPARBER FROM COLGATE, AND TARA ROSS FROM ONONDAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE.

FEBRUARY IS BLACK HISTORY MONTH A TIME TO CELEBRATE AND LEARN ABOUT THE HISTORY AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF BLACK AMERICANS.

IT BEGAN IN 1926 AS A WEEK OF EVENTS AND IN 1976 PRESIDENT GERALD FORD MADE IT A FULL MONTH.

YET A POLL A FEW YEARS BACK SHOWED THAT MANY AMERICANS DON'T KNOW A LOT OF BLACK HISTORY.

TARA, I'M WONDERING, IS IT STILL RELEVANT?

>> IT IT ABSOLUTELY IS STILL RELEVANT.

JUST THE FACT IN OUR HISTORY IF YOU LOOK AT A NUMBER OF STUDIES, YOU HAVE A MAJORITY OF AMERICANS THAT ONCE YOU GET BEYOND SLAVERY, ONCE YOU GET BEYOND MARTIN LUTHER KING OR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THEY REALLY DON'T KNOW A GREAT DEAL ABOUT BLACK HISTORY.

AND MANY PEOPLE EQUATE KNOWING ABOUT BLACK HISTORY WITH LIKING, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE LIKE BEYONCE OR LISTENING TO RAP MUSIC OR, YOU KNOW, SEEING MORE AFRICAN-AMERICANS ON TELEVISION.

THEY ASSUME THAT THAT MEANS THEY KNOW BLACK HISTORY AND THEY REALLY DON'T.

SO IT ABSOLUTELY IS STILL RELEVANT.

AND IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT BECAUSE NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE MORE INTERACTION, THE MORE STRUCTURAL, IN TERMS OF SCHOOLING, THE MORE YOU LEARN ABOUT BLACK HISTORY, THE MORE DIVERSE YOU ARE AS A PERSON, THE MORE YOU ARE WILLING TO QUESTION AND CHALLENGE YOUR OWN BELIEFS, AND THE MORE YOU ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT OTHERS BELIEFS.

>> MICHAEL, DO YOU SEE AN IMPACT STILL?

>> THERE NO, SIR NEED TO FRAME IT IN TERMS OF RELEVANCE.

THERE IS NO QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF IRISH HISTORY OR GERMAN HISTORY SO THE QUESTION TO OF RELEVANCE TO SOME DEGREE, BLACK AMERICANS ARE CELEBRATING AND HONORING JUNETEENTH IN RECORD NUMBERS.

BLACK AMERICANS ARE CELEBRATING BLACK HISTORY IN RECORD NUMBERS.

I ASK THE QUESTION TO STUDENTS ALL THE TIME.

WHAT IS IT ABOUT AMERICA THAT MAKES THE BLACK AMERICAN SO UNIQUE?

246 YEARS OF UNSALARIED LABOR, THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF AMERICA WAS BUILT OFF OF 246 YEARS OF UNSALARIED LABOR.

THE ONLY COUNTRY.

SO BLACK HISTORY WILL ALWAYS BE RELEVANT ANY WAY YOU LOOK AT IT NO MATTER IF OTHER PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT OR NOT.

>> I WOULD NEVER BE AGAINST TEACHING TEACHING.

IT'S A FUNDAMENTAL SUBJECT.

THE POLL THAT YOU SHARED WITH US.

I WENT THROUGH THE POLL AND THERE IS SOMETHING REALLY GOOD.

THERE IS A GLIMMER OF HOPE HERE, RIGHT, LIKE BECAUSE 83% OF THE RESPONDENTS SAID THAT THE BOOKS REGARDING RACE AND SLAVERY SHOULD NOT BE BANNED, RIGHT?

A LOT OF PEOPLE ALSO SAID THAT WE ARE NOT TEACHING ENOUGH AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY IN SCHOOLS.

SO THESE ARE HOPES THAT ARE THERE FROM THE BROADER PUBLIC, NOT JUST AFRICAN-AMERICANS.

BUT THE POLL CHANGES WHEN ASKED WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE IMPACT OF THAT TEACHING.

AT THAT POINT, 70% SAYS THAT, YOU KNOW, IT'S MAINLY TO SEE WHAT OTHER PEOPLE WENT THROUGH, BUT DOES IT MAKE YOU MORE RAISHLY TOLERANT?

ONLY 43% SAID IT MAKES YOU RACIALLY TOLERANT.

ON THE BROADER SCHEME OF THINGS, KNOWING HISTORY IS A GREAT THING.

MANY OF MY STUDENTS FORGET THAT SLAVERY DID NOT END WITH THE CIVIL WAR, RIGHT?

IT DID NOT.

SLAVERY CONTINUED BY OTHER MEANS LIKE IN A RAGING WAY UNTIL WORLD WAR II.

HOW MANY PEOPLE ACTUALLY KNOW THAT, RIGHT?

THAT IT DID NOT END.

THAT THERE IS A PULITZER PRIZE WINNING BOOK FOR THAT, A PBS DOCUMENTARY FOR THAT.

THAT'S THE STUFF WE NEED TO STUDY TO BREAK THE MYTHS.

FOR EXAMPLE, RISE OF NAZIISM.

IS IT IN GERMANY?

NO, ALL THOSE LAWS WERE THERE IN THE UNITED STATES.

HITLER WAS LOOKING TO THE UNITED STATES LAWS IN ORDER TO CREATE HIS OWN NAZI LAWS.

DO WE SAY THAT IN SCHOOL?

WE DON'T.

HOW DO I KNOW THAT?

BY LEARNING AMERICAN HISTORY OR AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY, BLACK HISTORY FROM PBS.

SO FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU, THANK YOU.

>> I THINK WHAT ANIRBAN IS GETTING AT IS NOT JUST AMERICANS DON'T KNOW ABOUT BLACK HISTORY, IT'S THAT THEY DON'T KNOW ABOUT HISTORY AT ALL.

THERE WAS A GALLUP POLL 20 YEARS AGO WHEN THEY ASKED AMERICANS 10 DIFFERENT CIVIC QUESTIONS AND HISTORY QUESTIONS AND ONLY A THIRD OF THE RESPONDENTS KNEW WHO WROTE THE LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL, IT IS TRUE ONLY A THIRD KNEW THE DOCUMENT THAT WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELFEST THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL AND ONLY ONE IN 3 AMERICANS COULD PASS A CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP TEST.

SO ECHOING WHAT EVERYBODY HAS SAID HERE, OF COURSE BLACK HISTORY IS IMPORTANT.

HISTORY IS IMPORTANT.

BLACK HISTORY IS PART OF HISTORY AND SHOULD BE INCORPORATED INTO A BROADER CURRICULUM.

SO, TO ME, IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT THE BROAD QUESTION, HOW DO WE GET PEOPLE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT HISTORY AND CIVICS.

>> AND HOW DO WE GET MORE EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOLS AND THEN FOR FOLKS LIKE ME WHO DIDN'T HAVE MUCH OF IT, TARA?

HOW DO WE INCREASE THIS EDUCATION OF BLACK HISTORY IF IT'S SO IMPORTANT?

>> WELL, ONE OF THE THINGS-- AND IT CONNECTS VERY MUCH WITH WHAT CHAD IS SAYING-- IS TO START TEACHING IT AS PART OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

AND IT'S BEEN ONE OF THE PROS AND CONS OF HAVING A BLACK HISTORY MONTH.

IF YOU SEPARATE BLACK HISTORY INTO ONE PARTICULAR MONTH, MANY PEOPLE HAVE SAID, THEN YOU ARE IN A SENSE CREATING PART OF THE PROBLEM BECAUSE YOU MAKE IT SEEM LIKE THIS HISTORY IS UNIQUE AND IT'S DIFFERENT FROM AMERICAN HISTORY.

IT IS SIMPLY A PART OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

AND SO ONE OF THE THINGS-- AND I THINK MOST TEACHERS ARE TRYING TO DO THIS AS BEST THEY CAN, IS TO JUST INCORPORATE THE HISTORY OF THE DIVERSE ASPECTS OF AMERICA INTO TEACHING HISTORY WHEN AND WHERE THEY CAN.

PART OF THE PROBLEM IS THAT THAT TEACHING HAS BECOME POLARIZED AND IT HAS BECOME POLITICIZED.

SO NOW SOMETHING THAT TEACHERS HAD DONE FOR YEARS WITHOUT ANYONE REALLY HAVING ANY ISSUES WITH IT, YOU KNOW, NOW GETS ENTITLED CRITICAL RACE THEORY, WHICH IT IS NOT.

IT'S JUST TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY AND TEACHERS ARE NERVE BUS WHAT THEY CAN TEACH.

THEY CAN TEACH SLAVERY, THAT'S OKAY.

CIVIL RIGHTS, OKAY.

BUT IF YOU GET BEYOND THAT TOO MUCH, THEN PEOPLE LOOK AT IT OH YOU ARE PRIVILEGING ONE GROUP OVER ANOTHER, ET CETERA.

>> AND WE LIVE IN A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CLIMATE WHERE RACE IS NO LONGER AN APPROPRIATE DISCUSSION FOR POLICY NATIONAL SIS, RIGHT?

AND SINCE RACE IS NO LONGER APPROPRIATE DIS STUDENTS SPENT A YEAR IN AN EXTENSIVE STUDY OF POLICE CRASHES ACROSS OUR STATE.

IN SYRACUSE -- ABOUT 60% OF THOSE OFFICERS GOT ONLY A WRITTEN REPRIMAND.

ACROSS THE STATE-- MANY DEPARTMENTS DON'T MEET THE NATIONAL AVERAGES FOR TRAINING IN EMERGENCY DRIVING.

AND THE DEPARTMENTS DO THEIR OWN INVESTIGATIONS, SO THAT'S A POSSIBLE CONFLICT OF INTEREST.

ANIRBAN, WHAT POLICIES NEED TO CHANGE TO MAKE US ALL SAFER?

>> YEAH, SO, YOU KNOW, I WILL START FROM THE VERY BASICS.

THE POLICE EXIST TO POLICE BASED ON CONSENT, THE CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE.

SO WHEN THERE ARE SOME ISSUES REGARDING DRIVING CRASHES, SOMETHING THAT IS DANGEROUS TO THE PUBLIC, MY FIRST THING IS THAT THE RECORD SHOULD BE OUT.

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD NOT BUILD UP THIS KIND OF SECRECY AND HOSTILITY TOWARDS JOURNALISTS AND OTHERS WHERE THEY DON'T WANT TO PUT OUT THE RECORDS.

>> AND THE LAW WAS JUST CHANGED THREE OR FOUR YEARS AGO TO OPEN THOSE UP.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

SO ALL THE DISCIPLINARY RECORDS, ALL THE RECORDS OF CRASHING AND SO ON SHOULD BE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC FOR THE SIMPLE REASON THAT WE PAY THE SALARY, RIGHT?

IT'S THE SAME AS SAYING THAT MY ONLY EVALUATION ARE NOT RETURNED BY ME BUT BY MY STUDENTS.

WHY?

BECAUSE THEY PAY FOR MY SALARY.

THEY SHOULD EVALUATE ME.

AND YES, WHEN SUCH TRANSPARENCY OCCURS, IT BE GOOD TO HAVE A CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT BOARD BUT THE CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT BOARD MAY INCLUDE VETERAN POLICE OFFICERS WHO HAVE DONE THIS JOB FOR A LONG TIME.

THEY KNOW WHAT SPLIT SECOND DECISIONS LOOK LIKE BECAUSE AFTER ALL, POLICE OFFICERS ARE PUTTING THEIR LIFE ON THE LINE, GOING TO PLACES THAT ARE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS FOR THEIR OWN SELVES.

THEY HAVE TO DO IT IN A TIME SENSITIVE MANNER.

SO OPEN AND TRANSPARENT POLICE RECORDS FOLLOWED BY MAYBE AN OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE WITH, YOU KNOW, A MEMBERSHIP OF CIVILIANS AND AT THE SAME TIME VETERAN POLICE OFFICERS THAT CAN, YOU KNOW, LOOK AT THESE INCIDENTS AND PROVIDE PROPER, YOU KNOW, SUGGESTIONS.

>> SYRACUSE HAS JUST CHANGED, BUT THE MOST YOU COULD GET WAS LIKE A WEEK WITHOUT PAY.

>> I THINK THE FUNDAMENTAL QI GOES BACK TO WHAT THE LEGAL DEFENSE FUND HAS BEEN TALKING ABOUT FOR SOMETIME, QUALIFIED IMMUNITY.

COULD IT BE EXTENDED TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THEIR VEHICLES WHEN THEY'RE IN THE PROCESS OF SERVICE?

I'VE NEVER UNDERSTOOD WHY GOOD LAW ENFORCEMENT DIDN'T WANT TO SUPPORT QUALIFIED IMMUNITY, RIGHT?

BECAUSE WHEN BAD COPS DO BAD THINGS, CITIES HAVE TO PAY IN TREASURE.

AND THEN THEY LEAVE AND GET A JOB IN ANOTHER STATE.

SO IT'S THE ONLY PROFESSION IN THE WORLD THAT HAS TRULY NO ENFORCEABLE CONTROL MEASURES AGAINST THE BAD ACTORS AND AT SOME POINT THAT'S GOING TO HAVE TO CHANGE.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE INVESTIGATIONS, SHOULD THEIR OWN DEPARTMENTS DO THEIR OWN INVESTIGATIONS?

>> I I REJECT THE PREMISE OF YOUR OPENING QUESTION THAT RECKLESS DRIVING IS A PROBLEM.

THIS STUDY THAT YOU CITE, YOU KNOW, THERE IS A "USA TODAY" PIECE ABOUT IT.

IT WAS HORRIBLE I.

WAS NOT OBJECTIVE JOURNALISM I.

WAS AN ANTIPOLICE ADVOCACY.

IT TALKED ABOUT A POLICE THAT RAN A RED LIGHT WITHOUT LIGHTS AND SIRENS AND SLAMMED INTO A PRIVATE CITIZENS CAR LAMENTING THE LAWSUIT ITSELF HAD BEEN DISMISSED IN AN APPELLATE COURT.

THE ARTICLE FAILS TO NOTE THAT THE APPEALS COURT RECOGNIZED THE UNCONTROVERTED TESTIMONY THAT THE OFFICER WAS RESPONDING TO A PRIORITY 1 DISTURBANCE CALL, THAT HE SLOWED DOWN FOR THE LIGHT AND PROCEEDED TO THE INTERSECTION AT 5 MILES PER HOUR BEFORE HE SLAMMED ON TO THE BRAKES TO AVOID THE COLLISION.

CONSIDER THIS.

THE ARTICLE REPORTS OVER A 10-YEAR PERIOD THERE WERE 700 ACCIDENTS THAT RESULTED IN ZERO DISCIPLINE BUT IT DOESN'T TELL YOU ANYTHING ABOUT HOW MANY HOURS THE POLICE HAD DRIVEN OVER THAT PERIOD.

IF YOU ASSUME THAT THEY SPEND 10% OF THEIR TIME IN THE CAR, THAT'S A MILLION HOURS OVER THE TIME.

700 WRECKS, HOW MANY DEER ARE YOU GOING TO HIT IN THAT?

SO THE STUDY ITSELF-- I DIDN'T READ THE STUDY.

I READ THE ARTICLE, PROVIDED ZERO CONTEXT FOR INFORMING THE CONTEXT ABOUT WHETHER RECKLESS DRIVING REALLY IS A PROBLEM.

>> TARA, WHAT ARE YOU THINKING?

>> WELL,-- AND I LIKE YOUR ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE, BUT WHAT I FIND IS THAT THERE ARE SOME GUIDELINES THAT POLICE DEPARTMENTS CAN USE AND THIS COMES FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING GUIDELINES.

IT'S LIKE 160 PAGES.

AND IT SPECIFICALLY IS ABOUT VEHICULAR PURSUITS.

AND SO EVEN IF YOU SAY THAT RECKLESS DRIVING IS NOT A PROBLEM OR IT'S NOT A PROBLEM IN EVERY MUNICIPALITY, ET CETERA, STILL THERE ARE SOME VERY GOOD GUIDELINES THAT CAN BE USED TO ENSURE THAT RECKLESS DRIVING IS NOT A PROBLEM FOR THE POLICE.

AND I'M JUST GOING TO LIST A COUPLE OF THEM.

BASICALLY, OBVIOUSLY YOU WANT TO TAKE BALANCE THE DAMAGE TOTS PUBLIC IN TERMS OF WHETHER OR NOT YOU SHOULD HAVE A HIGH SPEED CHASE OR PURSUE SOMEONE.

BUT IT ALSO POINTS OUT THE FACT THAT YOU SHOULD ONLY USE HIGH SPEED CHASES WHEN YOU KNOW A VIOLENT CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED OR SUSPECT ONE IS ABOUT TO BE COMMITTED OR THE SUSPECT POSES AN IMMINENT THREAT IN SOME WAY.

SO RIGHT THERE GIVES YOU A VERY GOOD GUIDELINE.

THEN IT SPECIFIES THAT YOU ALWAYS SHOULD STOP AT A LIGHT OR STOP SIGN EVEN IF IN PURSUIT UNLESS IT WOULD CAUSE MORE DAMAGE TO DO SO.

IT SAYS ADOPT A RESTRICTIVE VEHICLE PURSUIT PHILOSOPHY AS A DEPARTMENT.

AND THAT'S ONE EFFORT BIG THINGS, I THINK, AS A DEPARTMENT, YOU HAVE TO HAVE A PHILOSOPHY THAT YOU DON'T USE EYE SPEED CHASES UNLESS YOU ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO.

AND FINALLY I'LL MENTION ONE OTHER ONE.

YOU DO NOT PURSUE A SUSPECT IF YOU CAN I.D.

A SUSPECT, THERE IS NO IMMINENT DANGER TO THE PUBLIC AND YOU CAN APPREHEND THE PERSON LATER.

THOSE ARE JUST SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS.

>> FOLLOWING UP ON THAT THOUGH, WASHINGTON STATE PASSED A LAW IN 2021 ABOUT, LIKE YOU SAID, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T DO HIGH SPEED PURSUIT UNLESS PROBABLE CAUSE FOR A VIOLENT CRIME.

THAT RESULTED IN AN INCREASE, 3,000 TIMES THAT PEOPLE HAD FLEED THE POLICE.

THERE IS A BALLOT INITIATIVE COMING OUT IN NOVEMBER TO SAY THAT NO, POLICE, AS LONG AS THEY HAVE REASONABLE SUSPICION A PERSON HAS VIOLATED THE LAW, THEY CAN DO A P YOU ARE SUIT.

THAT IS POLLING AT ABOUT TWO-THIRDS POPULARITY RIGHT NOW.

WASHINGTON STATE HAS LEARNED THAT THAT POLICY IS UNPOPULAR BECAUSE IT RESULTS IN AN INCREASE IN CRIME.

>> BUT HAVING SAID THAT THOUGH, LIKE IF THERE ARE POLICE WHO ARE DRIVING RECKLESSLY AND CRASHING INTO PEOPLE, THERE SHOULD BE SOME CONSEQUENCES FOR THAT.

AND THAT'S WHY I THINK TRANSPARENCY OF RECORDS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING BECAUSE SOMETIMES THE POLICE IS NOT AT FAULT, RIGHT?

>> THERE IS A FINE LINE OF TRANSPARENCY OF RECORDS AND D DOCKING.

WHAT WE CAN LEARN ABOUT THE OFFICERS, I WAS OFFENDED ON HOW TRANSPARENT IT WAS, LIKE YOU ARE CROSSING THE LINE WHERE YOU ARE PUTTING THE OFFICERS AND POTENTIALLY THEIR FAMILIES LIVES IN DANGER.

>> OKAY, WE NEED TO TURN TO OUR NEXT TOPIC AND THAT'S INTERNATIONAL NEWS.

THE FAULT SINCE THE DEATH AND LIKELY THE MURDER OF RUSSIAN OPPOSITION LEADER ALEXEI NAVALNY SINCE THEN A RUSSIAN HELICOPTER PILOT WHO DEFECTED TO UKRAINE WAS FOUND DEAD, HIS BODY RIDDLED WITH BULLETS.

THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT HAS ARRESTED A LOS ANGELES WOMAN WHO IS A DUAL CITIZEN WITH RUSSIA, FOR THE CRIME OF TREASON AFTER SHE WAS IN RUSSIA, AND AT SOME POINT GAVE 50 BUCKS TO A UKRAINIAN CHARITY.

AND THEN WE LEARN THAT RUSSIAN OPERATIVES WERE FEEDING FAKE INFO ON THE BIDENS TO AN F-B-I INFORMANT.

HAVE PUTIN CLAMPING DOWN NOW.

>> HERE WHAT IS PEOPLE ARE FINALLY STARTING TO ACCEPT.

PUTIN WANTS TO DESTABILIZE THE FOREIGN ORDER.

THERE WERE POLICIES A COUPLE DECADES AGO WHEN PEOPLE SAW HIM AS THIS CARTOON CHARACTER, SORT OF LIKE THE ROCKY BULL WINK WILL THING.

BUT HERE IS WHAT WE HAVE COME TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT THIS GUY.

HE WILL MURDER, RAPE, LOOT, ROB, PILLAGE, PLUNDER, STEAL, CONTROL, TAKE AND EXPLOIT ANYTHING THAT GETS IN THE WAY OF HIS WORLD ORDER.

VERY FEW THINGS ARE BRIDLING HIM ESPECIALLY MEANINGLESS SANCTIONS.

THE ONLY THING THAT CAN INFLUENCE HIM IS RUSSIAN OLIGARCHS, MAYBE BEIJING.

THE UNITED STATES PERHAPS.

THE SOCIAL DISTANCE SAUDIS NOT.

MAYBE ISRAEL BUT WE DON'T KNOW.

THIS GUY IS ON A WORLD PATH.

I'M A SCHOLAR, I HAVE FOLLOWED ARMING AFRICAN REBELS CAUSING CIVIL WARS.

HE IS ON THE RADIO TEACHING PEOPLE RUSSIAN.

THIS MAN IS UNSTABLE.

HE IS LIKE A BAD JAMES BOND MOVIE BUT THE QUESTION IS SEAN CONNERY IS NOT COMING THROUGH THE BACK DOOR.

>> ANIRBAN, A LOT 6 THINGS HAPPENED IN THIS LAST WEEK.

DO YOU SEE THE SANCTIONS THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION IS PUTTING ON TODAY GOING TO HELP THE SITUATION?

>> SANCTIONS WILL NOT CHANGE PUTIN'S MIND, RIGHT BECAUSE WE HAVE HAVE DONE SANCTIONS BEFORE.

GIVEN THE NEW IS NEWS THAT IS COMING OUT IN WASHINGTON POST, NEW YORK TIMES AND OTHER PLACES, SANCTIONS DID NOT WORK AT ALL.

LIKE INDIA, CHINA AND SOUTH AFRICA ARE BUYING TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF OIL FROM RUSSIA.

RUSSIA IS FINE.

THEY WERE GIVEN RED CARPET WELCOME WHEREVER THEY GO.

PUTIN IS BAD, I TOTALLY UNDERSTAND THAT.

PUTIN IS EVIL.

I'VE SAID THAT MANY, MANY TIMES.

AND THIS SHOWS THAT, YOU KNOW, HE WANTS TO CRUSH ANY FORM OF DISSENT THAT IS POSSIBLE.

BUT WHEN PEOPLE LOOK AT UNITED STATES FROM THE OTHER PARTS OF THE WORD, THEY ALSO SEE UNITED STATES BEING A ROGUE STATE, GOING AND BOMBING OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD JUST, YOU KNOW, ASSASSINATING WHOEVER THEY WANT TO.

UNITED STATES HAVE ASSASSINATED A 16-YEAR-OLD CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES BY DRONE ATTACK.

SO, YOU KNOW, AS INTERNATIONAL POLITICS SCHOLAR, I KEEP MY PERSPECTIVE.

PUTIN IS ABSOLUTELY EVIL, YES, YES, YES, BUT WHEN PEOPLE LOOK FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, WHEN PEOPLE LOOK AT U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, THEY'RE NOT LIKE SEEING, YOU KNOW, A LARGE SAVIOR COMING WITH HAIL OWE BEHIND THEIR HEAD TO SAVE THEM.

THEY'RE NOT.

PEOPLE ARE SKEPTICAL ABOUT AMERICANS AND POLICIES AROUND THE WORLD ALSO.

THAT'S A DIFFERENT QUESTION.

BUT THIS WOULD SEND A CHILLING EFFECT IN ANYTHING THAT IS, YOU KNOW, ANTAGONISTIC TO PUTIN OR GOES AGAINST U.S. OR RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY.

>> ANY HOPE FOR THE PROTEST MOVEMENT?

>> THE FIRST PART WHAT HAVE HE SAID IS CORRECT, THAT SANCTIONS HAVE BEEN INEFFECTIVE AND THERE ARE 120 COUNTRIES THAT ARE UNAFFILIATED WITH EITHER COUNTRY AND THAT'S WHY.

FURTHER SANCTIONS COULD CAUSE, YOU KNOW, IMMENSE COLLATERAL DAMAGE, DEPENDING ON WHAT THEY ARE.

SO LIKE IF YOU WERE TO BAN FOOD EXPORTS, THAT WOULD HURT THE WORLD EATS POOR, FINANCIAL SECTOR PENALTIES, THAT WOULD DISRUPT A LOT OF FINANCIAL SYSTEMS IN PLACES LIKE INDIA AND HURT OUR STATUS IN THE WORLD.

>> ONE OTHER THING ABOUT SANCTIONS, AND I DIDN'T REALLY KNOW THIS, BASICALLY, EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE SANCTIONS, THE U.S. CONTINUES TO BE THE BIGGEST PURCHASER OF REFINED PRODUCTS FROM INDIA THAT COME FROM RUSSIAN OIL.

SO HOW CAN YOU SAY WE HAVE SANCTIONS WHEN WE ARE STILL BASICALLY STILL OBTAINING OIL-BASED PRODUCTS FROM RUSSIA?

JUST THROUGH INDIA?

>> SO IT IS A CONUNDRUM AND SOMETHING THAT I'M SURE WE WILL CONTINUE TO DISCUSS HERE.

IT IS TIME TO OPEN UP THE GRADEBOOK.

MICHAEL, WHAT IS YOUR F TODAY?

>> MY F GOES TO THE KENTUCKY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FOR VOTING TO RELAX CHILD LABOR LAWS AND TOUGHEN FOOD STAMP ELIGIBILITY.

>> WOW.

>> OKAY.

ANIRBAN.

>> MY F GOES TO THE LONE VETO EXERCISED BY U.S.

IN RECENT SNU.

SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION.

THIS IS AN ABJECT MORAL FAILURE WITH GRAVE CONSEQUENCES FOR MANLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN TRAPPED IN THE WAR.

>> CHAD YOUR F. >> WALL STREET JOURNAL NEWS THAT FOUR COMPANIES SUCCESSFULLY EXPORTED $33 BILLION OF OIL AND FUEL FROM RUSSIA IN 2023.

THEY DO IT BY TRADING OIL IN CHINA AND INDIA ELSEWHERE AND SHIP THE OIL USING AGING TANKERS AND "A MAZE OF COMPANIES REGISTERED IN DUBAI AND HONG KONG."

IT WOULD BE NICE IF THIS DISCOVERY WOULD HELP THE U.S.

ENFORCE SANCTIONS BUT I DON'T HAVE A LOT OF OPTIMISM ABOUT THAT.

>> IS THERING?

WE CAN DO ABOUT THAT?

>> I DON'T KNOW WHERE THE HOPE LIE.

>> VERY COMPLICATED GOING HERE, THERE, EVERYWHERE.

>> IT'S BECAUSE YOU HAVE ALL THESE OTHER CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH RUSSIA CAN CIRCUMVENT U.S. SANCTIONS.

>> AND YOUR F, TARA.

>> TO PETA, PEOPLE FOR THEETH CAT TREATMENT OF ANIMALS.

THE ORGANIZATION SENT A LETTER TO A KANSAS COMPANY KNOWN FOR MAKING BEAUTIFUL CAROUSELS FEATURING ANIMALS.

PETA REQUESTED THE COMPANY REQUEST THE COMPANY STOP USING ANIMALS AND USE CARS OR RAINBOWS INSISTING THE CAROUSEL ANIMALS NORMALIZE ANIMALS AS CONVEYANCES, TO ME THIS IS A SOLUTION LOOKING FOR A PROBLEM.

>> LET'S HOPE SOMEBODY HAS DONE SOMETHING WELL.

>> MY A TO THE SUNY CORTLAND INCLUSION OFFICE.

CHAR LAT AND ANN FOR PUTTING ON 30 DAYS OF BLACK HISTORY MONTH.

GOOD JOB, FOLKS.

>> I'M SURE THERE ARE MANY CAMPUSES AND THINGS I HOPE OUR VIEWERS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF.

>> MY A GOES TO THE NEW HORIZON EXCITING NEW DISCOVERY THE VAST DISTANT OUTER ZONE OF SOLAR SYSTEM POPULATED BY HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF ROCKY ICY PLANETS.

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES OF OUR TIME AND NEW IDEAS HOW VAST-- SCIENTISTS ARE FINDING OUT IT'S WAY LARGER THAN THEY THOUGHT IT WAS BEFORE.

>> GREAT TO BE LEARNING NEW THINGS WITH TECHNOLOGY.

CHAD, YOUR A.

>> MY A GOES TO RETIRED CLINTON ELEMENTARY TEACHER LINDA WHO WON A TRIP TO YELLOWSTONE.

CONGRATULATIONS Ms. KENNEDY.

YELLOWSTONE IS AMAZING.

I RECOMMEND A STAY AT THE BOZEMAN HOT SPRINGS BEFORE YOU ENTER THE PARK.

MY FAMILY AND I WENT LAST SUMMER.

GREAT TIME.

GOOD FOR THE FAMILY.

PERFECT.

>> I REMEMBER WHEN YOUR FAMILY WENT.

NATIONAL PARKS ARE A GREAT THING TO LEARN FROM.

TARA, SOMEBODY HAS YOUR A.

>> MY A GOES TO THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL.

IT IS FINALLY ACTIVELY ADDRESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE BEING DONE TO MOUNT EVREST.

THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT ONLY REQUIRING ALL CLIMBERS TO CARRY BODILY WASTE BAGS, IT IS REQUIRING THAT THEY BRING THOSE BAGS BACK DOWN WITH THEM AND THEN THEY COUNT THEM TO MAKE SURE YOU BROUGHT EVERYTHING BACK.

>> SO GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND ALL THOSE WHO ARE CLIMBING NEED TO BE ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> WELL, THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.

IF YOU HAVE COMMENTS, PLEASE WRITE US USING THE ADDRESSES ON THE SCREEN AND WE'RE GOING ON THE ROAD THIS ELECTION YEAR - TO COLLEGE CAMPUSES.

OUR FIRST STOP IS NEXT WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 28, AT HAMILTON COLLEGE.

DOORS OPEN AT 7:00PM AND THE SHOW WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE FILLIUS EVENT BARN.

PLEASE COME IF YOU CAN.

KNOW TICKETS ARE NEEDED.

JUST COME JOIN US.

WE HOPE TO SEE YOU THERE.

GOOD NIGHT.