>> WHY THE WORLD NEEDS THAT MICRON PLANT.

AND THE CURRENT CRIME RATE DOES IT MATCH THE 60S THE 90S, OR SURPASS 2024?

WE'LL TELL YOU NEXT ON "IVORY TOWER."

THIS PROGRAM IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE MEMBERS OF WCNY.

THANK YOU.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ > > GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "IVORY TOWER."

NINA MOORE IS AWAY.

I'M BARBARA FOUGHT, FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.

THE PROFESSORS JOINING ME AROUND THE TABLE ARE: RICK FENNER FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY JENNY STROMER-GALLEY, FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY BEN BAUGHMAN, FROM GANNON UNIVERSITY AND ANIRBAN ACHARYA FROM LE MOYNE COLLEGE.

LET'S BEGIN WITH A TECH STORY.

MICRON IS MOVING RIGHT ALONG TO ITS GOAL OF PRODUCING CHIPS IN CLAY IN 2030, BUT THAT CAN'T COME SOON ENOUGH.

BECAUSE THE WORLD HAS A MAJOR SHORTAGE OF COMPUTER CHIPS.

DATA CENTERS ARE GOBBLING THEM UP, BUT WE NEED THEM ALSO FOR OUR CARS AND OUR PHONES.

JENNY, WHY IS THERE SUCH A SHORTAGE OF SOMETHING SO IMPORTANT?

>> YEAH, SO, THE MICRON CHIP-- THE MICRON MANUFACTURING BASICALLY MAKES MEMORY CHIPS AND MEMORY CHIPS ARE IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS.

THEY'RE ALSO GOING INTO DATA CENTERS AND THEY'RE ACTUALLY TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHIPS.

WHAT GOES INTO A COMPUTER AND WHAT GOES INTO A DATA CENTER ARE DIFFERENT AND BECAUSE OF THE DEMAND THAT THE A.I.

COMPANIES ARE NOW PLACING FOR INCREASED COMPUTING POWER THROUGH DATA CENTERS, THE DATA CENTERS NEED THOSE CHIPS.

>> BUT COULDN'T SOMEONE HAVE SEEN THIS DOWN THE ROAD?

>> NO, BECAUSE I DON'T THINK EVEN WHEN MICRON BECAME A REALITY FOR SYRACUSE AND THE REGION, THE A.I.

BOOM WAS ONLY JUST A DAY DREAM, RIGHT?

SO THIS IS ALL HAPPENING SIMULTANEOUSLY.

AND THE CHALLENGE IS THAT BUILDING THE FACILITIES TO MAKE THESE CHIPS IS A MULTI-YEAR ENDEAVOR.

SO THE ISSUE OF-- AND I CAN IMAGINE RICK HERE IS GOING TO TALK ABOUT SUPPLY AND DEMAND.

BUT ONE OF THE CHALLENGES ON THE SUPPLY SIDE IT TAKES THREE TO FIVE YEARS FOR THE CHIP MANUFACTURING FACILITIES TO COME ONLINE SO IT REALLY CHALLENGES OUR ABILITY.

MOREOVER, IT'S NOT EASY TO THEN GO BUY CHIPS, SAY GLOBALLY BECAUSE IT'S A GLOBAL PROBLEM.

THIS ISN'T JUST AN AMERICAN ISSUE.

>> WELL, RICK, WHAT ABOUT THAT SCARCITY?

>> WELL SOME OF THE PROBLEM, AGAIN, LONG RUN, WE ARE TRYING TO SOLVE IT, BUT AS JENNY SAID, THIS IS-- WE DID SEE THIS COMING BUT THE PROBLEM WAS THE LEAD TIME IT TAKES.

YOU KNOW, ORIGINALLY WE WERE GOING TO TRY TO GET CHIPS OUT OF MICRON IN '28 BUT IT HAS BEEN DELAYED TO 2030.

THE SHORT RUN PROBLEM, BUYING CHIPS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES.

JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA ARE A POSSIBILITY.

APPLE WANTS TO GO AND BUY THEM FROM CHINA BUT THERE ARE A NUMBER OF NATIONAL SECURITY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THAT.

SO THE ISSUE IN THE SHORT RUN IS THAT WE CAN'T INCREASE CAPACITY SO IT COMES DOWN TO AN ALLOCATION.

WHERE ARE WE GOING TO USE THESE CHIPS.

AND RIGHT NOW WITH ALL THE MONEY FLOWING INTO A.I., THEY'RE ABLE TO OFFER MUCH HIGHER PRICES AND SO THESE COMPANIES ARE GOING AND PRODUCING THE CHIPS THAT THEY NEED OPPOSED TO THE ONES THAT GO AND OPEN AND CLOSE OUR CAR WINDOWS.

>> DOES THAT MEAN WE HAVE TO PAY MORE FOR OUR CARS AND PHONES AND TABLETS AND ALL?

>> UNLESS THE GOVERNMENT GOES IN AND STARTS ALLOCATING AND FORCING SOME OF THESE COMPANIES TO SELL CHIPS TO COMPANIES LIKE APPLE AND THE LIKE, I THINK THAT'S WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN.

>> ANIRBAN, WHAT ABOUT THE RATIONING BY THE GOVERNMENT?

SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT BE INVOLVED HERE?

>> WE ALREADY KNOW THE UNITED STATES HAS A 10% STAKE IN INTEL.

WE ARE TRYING TO GET THE MONEY OUT OF THE DEALS OF THOSE CHIPS BEING SOLD IN OTHER PLACES.

ONE ANGLE THAT WE ARE FORGETTING HERE THAT, YEAH,-- YES, THESE CHIPS ARE EVERYWHERE AND A.I.

IS DRIVING THE DEMAND SO HIGH THE PRICES ARE INCREASING.

JUST A SMALL MEMORY FLASH DRIVE, A RAM OR A SMALL FLASH DRIVE HAVE 700% INCREASE YEAR OVER YEAR.

IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE.

YOU COULD BUY AT A SMALL PRICE BEFORE AND NOW YOU CAN'T.

CHIPS DON'T MAKE THEMSELVES, RIGHT?

YOU NEED A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT THINGS, DIFFERENT KINDS OF RARE EARTH MINERALS, FOR EXAMPLE LIKE GALLIUM AND NEO-DYMIUM WHICH IS OVERWHELMINGLY CONTROLLED BY CHINA.

THEY OWN OVER 80 TO 90% OF THE REFINING AND MINING OF THESE RARE EARTH MINERALS THAT GO INTO ALL KINDS OF CHIPS THAT GO INTO DEFENSE, MRI MACHINES AND ALL THAT STUFF.

SO UNTIL THAT IS SOLVED, I DON'T THINK THAT IT WILL IMMEDIATELY BECOME THAT WE CAN START MAKING THE CHIPS HERE.

HOW?

BECAUSE THE RAW MATERIALS THAT YOU NEED TO MAKE THE CHIPS ARE ALSO IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD.

SO ALLOCATING AMONG DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES MIGHT WORK IF WE HAVE VERY GOOD HOLD ON THE INPUTS THAT GO INTO THIS.

AND AS OF NOW WE DON'T.

WE ARE TRYING TO DEVELOP SOME MINING CAPABILITIES IN AUSTRALIA AND OTHER PLACES SO THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT, YOU KNOW, PROBLEM.

AND POLITICAL SCIENTISTS ARE CALLING THIS, YOU KNOW, WEAPONIZED INTERDEPENDENCE, THAT EVEN IF THERE ARE TWO RIVALS AND WE ARE DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER, WE CAN WEAPONIZE THIS INTERDEPENDENCE AGAINST EACH OTHER, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE OF OUR, YOU KNOW, COMPETITION AND RIVALRY AND SO FORTH.

>> BEN, RICK MENTIONED NATIONAL SECURITY AND I'M INTERESTED.

IF WE BUY THOSE CHIPS FROM CHINA, WHAT IS THE NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERN THERE?

>> A LOT.

AND IN FACT, JUST LAST WEEK, THE UNITED KINGDOM MINISTER OF DEFENSE DISCOVERED MULTIPLE CHIPS ON THEIR FLEET OF CHIP SHIPS THAT WERE MADE BY CHINA AND THEY HAD WHAT IS CALLED A HEART BEAT SIGNAL BACK TO CHINA AND THAT MEANS ANY TIME THE CHIPS ARE WERE AND THEY THERE WERE SECURITY CAMERAS.

THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT WOULD KNOW.

SO THAT'S A REAL PROBLEM.

IT BECAME FROM CHINA.

THE ONLY WAY THEY DISCOVERED THAT IS THROUGH CYBERSECURITY AND IF YOU DON'T HAVE THOSE KINDS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES IN PLACE,THAT ARE EFFICIENT AND ACCURATE, AT DETECTING THOSE KINDS OF THINGS, IT'S A REAL PROBLEM.

>> THERE IS NO WAY EASY WHEN WHEN YOU GET A CHIP FROM CHINA TO KNOW?

>> I HAVE NO IDEA HOW YOU DO IT.

BUT CYBER CYBER SECURITY EXPERTS DO.

YOU TRY NOT TO BUY FROM ADVERSARIRIES.

A STRATEGIC SET OF GUARD RAILS NEED TO BE PUT IN BY THE GOVERNMENT, NOT TO KEEP ALL CHIPS OUT OF OUR HANDS BUT A SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF OUR MADE CHIPS NEED TO GO TO NATIONAL SECURITY.

>> KEVIN WALSH, THE NEW HEAD OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK IS LOOKING AT A.I.

TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE ON INFLATION BECAUSE IT INCREASES OF PRODUCTIVITY.

THAT'S A REAL LONG RUN STORY HERE.

IN THE SHORT RUN, IRONICALLY, THAT PRICES ARE GOING TO GO UP AS THE DEMAND FOR THESE CHIPS CAUSE THINGS LIKE OUR PHONES AND OUR CARS TO GO UP IN PRICE.

>> JENNY, DO YOU HAVE ANY THOUGHTS ABOUT WHAT GOVERNMENT CAN DO?

OR WHAT THE FUTURE IS?

>> THE CHIP MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY HAS ACTUALLY APPEALED TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE.

ONE OF THE ISSUES THAT THEY FACE IS THAT THE CHIPS ACT DID INCLUDE A TAX REDUCTION OR A TAX BREAK FOR A NUMBER OF ASPECTS THAT GO INTO THE COSTS OF MANUFACTURING.

AND THAT TAX BREAK EXPIRES THIS YEAR.

SO THEY'RE ASKING FOR AN EXTENSION TO THE TAX BREAK, WHICH THEY BELIEVE WOULD THEN INCREASE THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY HERE IN THE UNITED STATES.

BUT AGAIN, IT'S A LONG-TERM GAME.

>> I WAS GOING TO SAY THAT'S A LONG RUN.

WHAT THEY'RE ASKING, DO I WANT TO PAY MORE FOR AN IPHONE OR MORE TAXES SO THEY CAN GIVE APPLE A TAX BREAK.

>> AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS?

WITH-- COULD WE-- COULD THE GOVERNMENT LOWER REGULATIONS JENNY AND THEN IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEME AND MAKE ANYTHING GO FASTER OR BETTER TO GET MORE OUT?

>> WELL, SO I MEAN ANIRBAN IS RIGHT, THAT THERE IS A BOTTLE NECK ISSUE WITH REGARD TO THE MATERIALS THAT GO INTO THESE CHIPS.

SOME OF THEM ARE NOT MATERIALS THAT WE MINE OR MANUFACTURE HERE IN THE UNITED STATES.

SO THERE IS A SET OF BOTTLE NECKS THAT CONTINUE TO CHALLENGE AND HERE IN THE UNITED STATES, GENERALLY SPEAKING, THE PUBLIC DOESN'T LIKE NEW MINING FACILITIES THEY DON'T LIKE NEW PRODUCTION FACILITIES.

I WAS ATTENDING AN EVENT THIS WEEKEND AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS ARE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT MICRON AND THE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT HERE IN OUR REGION.

SO AS SOON AS YOU START TALKING ABOUT ADDITIONAL MANUFACTURING FACILITIES, THE PUBLIC GETS REALLY CONCERNED ABOUT THAT AND THERE ARE REAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.

>> THERE IS A HUGE MINING SHORTAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND YOU ARE RIGHT AND THAT IS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WILL DEFINITELY AFFECT THIS ISSUE.

>> LET'S TURN NOW TO THE SITUATION WITH IRAN.

IT WAS EIGHT WEEKS AGO WHEN THAT MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT CAME OUT.

IT SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN SCUTTLED AS THE PRESIDENT HAS ZIG-ZAGGED BETWEEN DIPLOMACY AND THREATS TO DESTROY IRAN.

THIS WEEK IRAN PUT FORTH A LIST OF WHAT IT WANTS IN TURN FOR OPENING UP THE STRAITS OF HORMUZ.

AT LEAST AS A FIRST STEP.

IT REITERATED WHAT WAS IN THAT MEMORANDUM, THAT THE U-S WOULD PAY REPARATIONS TO IRAN.

ANIRBAN, IS THAT A GOOD IDEA?

>> IRAN IS SEEING THAT IT HAS BEEN ABLE TO STAVE OFF TWO VERY BIG NUCLEAR POWERS IN THE FRONT OF THE WORLD STAGE.

YOU KNOW THAT PEOPLE DID NOT INITIALLY THINK THAT IRAN WOULD BE ABLE TO.

ALTHOUGH THE MILITARY ADVISERS WERE VERY MUCH AWARE OF THIS, THE U.S.

MILITARY HAS BEEN GAMING IRAN WARS FOR A VERY LONG TIME.

AND EACH TIME THEY CAME TO THE IDEA THAT IT'S NOT POSSIBLE TO ATTACK IRAN AND KIND OF WIN THIS WAR IN A CONVENTIONAL MANNER.

SO I THINK IRAN SEES THE WRITING ON THE WALL, SEES THAT THE U.S.

BASES AND LARGE NUMBER OF INTERCEPTORS HAVE BEEN DEPLETED.

U.S.

IS VERY AFRAID OF BRINGING PEOPLE TO THESE BASES.

THEY HAVE BEEN ABLE TO CHOKE OFF , YOU KNOW, NOT ONLY THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ BUT ALSO THE BABAAB MALDEB STRAIT TOWARDS THE WESTERN PART OF SAUDI ARABIA.

THEY ARE SEEING THAT WE CAN CONTINUE THIS WAR AS LONG AS YOU WANT.

HOW MUCH PAIN ARE YOU GOING TO TAKE?

WE HAVE TAKEN ENOUGH PAIN ANYWAY.

WE HAVE DIVESTED OUR HOSPITALS, OUR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES, OUR RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.

WE ARE HERE FOR SURVIVING OF OUR REGIME AND WE ARE GOING TO STAY HERE.

SO ARE YOU GOING TO PROJECT THAT POWER ACROSS THE WORLD FOR HOW LONG?

AND AGAIN, I JUST WANT TO SAY HERE THAT THERE ARE SEVERAL MILITARY FAMILIES, 200 OF THEM, WHO TALKED TO THE NAVY SECRETARY HANK HAO TELLING THEM HOW TERRIBLE THE SITUATION OF SAILORS AND SERVICE MEMBERS ARE AT THE USS LINCOLN.

APPARENTLY THERE WERE PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO JUMP OFF THE SHIP.

THEY'RE IN 260 DAYS OF DEPLOYMENT.

YOU PUT ALL OF THIS TOGETHER AND IRAN SEES THE LEVERAGE.

SEES IF YOU CAN CONTINUE THE WAR, IT IS BETTER FOR THEM.

AT LEAST THEY THINK THAT WAY RIGHT NOW.

AND IN MOST CASES, IF YOU LOOK AT IR THEORIES THAT ARE TALKING ABOUT THIS, THEY ARE RIGHT IN IMAGINING THAT THE U.S.

HAS LOST THIS WAR FROM THE VERY BEGINNING, ESPECIALLY IN ITS OBJECTIVES.

REGIME CHANGE DID NOT HAPPEN.

NUCLEAR POWER IS UP FOR GRABS.

THE OTHER STRAIGHT IS NOW CLOSED AND STRAIT OF HORMUZ IS CLOSED.

REPARATIONS I DON'T THINK THE U.S.

WOULD PAY REPARATIONS BUT THERE ARE HUGE FUNDS THAT IRAN HAS THAT ARE FROZEN.

SHOULD WE OPEN THOSE FUNDS?

IS IRAN GOING TO MAKE MONEY BY TAXING OR COLLECTING FEES OVER THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ.

WE ARE GOING TO SEE EVERY DAY THINGS CHANGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATION.

DIFFERENT TO PREDICT.

>> RICK?

>> I THINK WHEN WE GET TO AN AGREEMENT, WE ARE GOING TO SEE THAT THE UNITED STATES IS IN A WORSE POSITION THAN THEY WERE BEFORE THE HOSTILITIES STARTED.

THOSE ORIGINAL GOALS THAT WERE GOING TO COME SO EASILY FROM REGIME CHANGE TO ENSURING REGIONAL SECURITY FOR OUR ALLIES THERE, TO ENSURING THAT THEY NEVER GET THE BOMB.

WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT THOSE THINGS AT ALL NOW.

WE ARE TALKING ABOUT REOPENING THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ AND HOPING THAT THE FEES ARE NOT TOO HIGH.

AGAIN, MIND EVERYBODY THAT IT WAS OPEN AND FREE BEFORE THE HOSTILITIES STARTED.

SO I AGREE, THE LONGER THIS GOES ON, THE MORE LEVERAGE IRAN HAS.

WE UNDERESTIMATED THEIR MILITARY CAPABILITY.

WE UNDERESTIMATED THEIR WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT THE PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO THEIR COUNTRY.

AND SO WHATEVER DEAL COMES OUT OF THIS, I THINK, IS GOING TO BE A POOR ONE FOR THE UNITED STATES.

>> BEN, THERE WAS DISCUSSION WEDNESDAY NIGHT, THURSDAY MORNING-- AND WE ARE TAPING THURSDAY MORNING I SHOULD SAY.

SO THINGS MAY HAVE HAPPENED BY THE TIME OUR VIEWERS SEE THIS.

BUT THE IRANIANS ARE SAYING WE ARE NOT EVEN GOING TO NEGOTIATE ANYMORE UNTIL AFTER THE MID TERM ELECTIONS.

>> THEY WEREN'T REALLY NEGOTIATING TO START WITH, QUITE HONESTLY.

THIS IS WHAT THEY'RE KNOWN FOR HISTORICALLY.

AND OUR ABILITY TO NEGOTIATE WITH THEM HAS BEEN SPOTTY, TO SAY THE LEAST.

THEY'RE REALLY GOOD AT DELAYING THINGS AND STRETCHING THINGS OUT, SEEMINGLY COMING TO THE TABLE, BUT THEN STRETCHING IT OUT FURTHER.

THAT'S NOT A BIG SURPRISE.

I THINK WE DO NEED TO REMIND OUR VIEWERS THIS WAS NOT A PURELY STRATEGIC DECISION THAT OCCURRED.

IT WAS A TACTICAL RESPONSE TO ALL THE LEADERSHIP BEING IN ONE PHYSICAL LOCATION AND THEN IT TURNED INTO A STRATEGIC PROBLEM.

SO I THINK THAT THAT-- >> BY THAT, YOU MEAN WHEN WE STARTED THE WAR?

>> YES, BECAUSE IT WAS SEEN AS A JOINT STRIKE ON THE UPPER ECHELON, WHICH WAS SUCCESSFUL STRIKE.

BUT THEN STARTED THE MESS THAT WE ARE IN NOW, WHICH IS A STRATEGIC PROBLEM THAT THERE WERE NOT CLEAR OBJECTIVES IN PLACE.

AND WE SAW THAT EARLY ON IN THIS.

>> WHAT DOES TRUMP DO NOW?

DO YOU HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS?

>> YEAH, HE IS TRYING TO FIND A WAY TO WIN THE WAR; TO AT LEAST SAY HE HAS WON THE WAR.

THE PROBLEM IS HOW DO YOU SELL THAT BECAUSE THE PROBLEM THAT WE DIDN'T FORESEE, BECAUSE IT WASN'T A STRATEGIC DECISION, WAS THE STRAIT AND THE FACT THAT IT HAS NOW BECOME A LEVERAGE POINT FOR IRAN IS A REAL PROBLEM.

SO CURRENTLY, WHAT ALL THE SIGNS THAT WE ARE SEEING AND THE INTEL WORLD ARE POINTING TO IS GOING BACK TO PUTTING STRESS ON THE ECONOMY FOR IRAN BECAUSE THEY WERE IN TROUBLE BEFORE THIS HAPPENED.

AND IT HAS BEEN EXASPERATED, IN ADDITION TO INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES THERE LIKE WATER.

IN THE BIGGER CITIES THEY'RE HAVING PROBLEMS GETTING WATER TO THE RESIDENTS.

THAT WAS BEFORE THE WAR.

NOW YOU ARE LOOKING AT THINGS HAVE PLAYED OUT.

I THINK WHAT TRUMP IS SIGNALING AND WHAT IT APPEARS WE ARE GOING TO DO IS GO BACK TO KEEPING THE FUNDS FROZEN, PUTTING PRESSURE ON THE ECONOMY AND THAT'S WHAT IT APPEARS TO BE THE OBJECTIVE NOW.

>> MORE PRESSURE, JENNY?

>> WELL, YES, I AGREE.

I THINK THAT IS THE OBJECTIVE.

THE PROBLEM IS THAT THE LEADERSHIP NOW IN IRAN HAS NO INTEREST IN ANY KIND OF TRUE NEGOTIATIONS OR EVEN REACTING TO THE ECONOMIC AND INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES.

IN OTHER WORDS, THEY'RE GOING TO DIG IN.

AND I DON'T SEE THAT THE UNITED STATES IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO PUSH, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH SANCTIONS OR THROUGH REPARATIONS OR THROUGH NEGOTIATIONS, ANY CHANGE FROM WHAT IRAN IS DOING.

FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, THIS IS A FUNDAMENTAL FAILURE OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE CULTURE, THE LEADERSHIP, THE HISTORY OF THIS NATION.

AND AS A RESULT, THEY CAN'T UNDERSTAND WHY IT IS THAT THE IRANIAN LEADERSHIP WON'T NEGOTIATE.

THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY IT IS THAT NONE OF THE THINGS THAT THEY'RE TRYING TO DO ARE WORKING.

IT'S BECAUSE THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND THE CULTURE.

THEY DON'T BELIEVE THE PEOPLE.

THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND THAT THE IRANIAN LEADERSHIP, THEIR ENTIRE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION IS DEATH TO AMERICA.

>> SO, RICK, DO WE JUST WAIT IT OUT AND HOPE THOSE ECONOMIC SANCTIONSES WILL PRESSURE IRAN?

>> I THINK THAT HE NEEDS TO CUT A DEAL AND GET AS CLOSE TO THE ORIGINAL MEMORANDUM AS POSSIBLE BECAUSE I THINK THE LONGER THIS GOES, THE WORSE, THE HIGHER THE COSTS ARE TO THE UNITED STATES, AS ANIRBAN SAID, WE ARE DEPLETING OUR INVENTORIES OF OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE WEAPONS WHICH EMBOLDENS RUSSIA AND CHINA TO DO SOMETHING SO I THINK HE NEEDS TO GET AS CLOSE TO WHAT THE WORLD LOOKED LIKE BEFORE THE HOSTILITIES AS POSSIBLE AND MAKE A DEAL.

>> AND YOU KNOW, PEOPLE SAID THAT NOW THEY SAY THAT WE DIDN'T KNOW THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ WOULD BE CLOSED.

EVERYBODY KNEW THIS.

EVERYBODY TOLD HIM THAT THEY WOULD CLOSE THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ.

>> I WISH WE HAD TIME TO TALK ABOUT THIS MORE BUT I WANT TO MOVE US TO OUR THIRD TOPIC.

I'M GUESSING MANY OF OUR VIEWERS MAY BE SURPRISED BY OUR NEXT TOPIC.

ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY, CRIME IS CONSIDERABLY DOWN IN THE LAST DECADE.

LET ME SHOW YOU ONE EXAMPLE.

THIS GRAPH FROM THE CRIME INDEX SHOWS THE MURDER RATE FROM 2018 TO THIS SPRING.

YOU SEE THE YEARS ALONG THE BOTTOM, WHILE MURDERS WENT UP AROUND COVID, THE RATE HAS BEEN GOING STEADILY DOWN SINCE.

ONE DATA EXPERT SAYS MURDER IS ALMOST AS LOW AS IN THE 1960S.

YES, HE SAID 1960s.

AND IT'S NOT JUST MURDER, ALMOST ALL TYPES OF CRIME.

SO, BEN, HOW DO WE EXPLAIN THIS?

>> THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS THAT PLAY A PART IN THIS.

ONE OF THE BIGGER THINGS THAT SEEMS TO COME TO MIND WITH WHAT HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL FROM AN EVIDENCE-BASED STANDPOINT IS THINGS LIKE APPLIED INTELLIGENCE.

THE REAL TIME CENTERS THAT HAVE GROWN LEAPS AND BOUNDS AND ACROSS NOT ONLY HERE IN NEW YORK, WITH THE GOVERNOR'S INITIATION OF BUILDING THEM HERE, BUT ACROSS THE NATION.

WHEN YOU'VE GOT 18,000 DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS THAT ARE NOT TALKING TO EACH OTHER, AND THE AVERAGE SIZE OF 20 OFFICERS, WHEN YOU HAVE A SERIAL CRIME.

ONE OF THE NUMBER ONE REASONS WHY SERIAL MURDERS GOT AWAY WITH IT FOR SO LONG, WE WERE NOT ABLE TO HANDLE THE DATA THAT IS THERE.

HAVING THINGS IN PLACE TO HANDLE WHAT IS HAPPENING AND TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT, WE HAVE SEEN SINCE 1990 OVER 2,000 MURDERS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMP STAT EARLY IN 1994, TO NOW NATIONWIDE , YOU HAVE THESE LARGER AGENCIES WHERE YOU HAVE TO MOVE TO THESE THINGS BECAUSE YOU DON'T HAVE THE RESOURCES.

THEY'RE NOT GOING GIVE YOU MORE COPS.

WE CAN'T EVEN FILL THE SHOES THAT WE HAVE EMPTY FROM THE COPS.

SO YOU HAVE TO LEVERAGE WHAT YOU HAVE IN PLACE AND THE ONLY WAY TO DO THAT IS WITH ACCURATE AND TIMELY INFORMATION.

, WHICH IS NOT HOW STATISTICS ARE TYPICALLY REPORTED IN LAW ENFORCEMENT, WHICH IS ANOTHER ISSUE THAT I'M SURE WE ARE GOING TO TOUCH ON.

>> JENNY, HAVE SOME SENSE, PERCEPTIONS OF WHY THIS CRIME IS DOWN?

>> WELL, SO, YEAH, IT'S A COMPLICATED STORY.

THERE ISN'T A SINGLE FACTOR AND I THINK OFTEN WE TEND TO WANT TO FIND THE ONE REASON WHY THINGS HAVE GOTTEN BETTER BECAUSE WE THEN WANT TO BE ABLE TO REPRODUCE IT.

AND UNFORTUNATELY THIS IS A COMPLEX STORY.

I AGREE WITH YOU.

I THINK THE DATA AND THE DATA SHARING, THE BETTER INFORMATION SHARING ACROSS MUNICIPALITIES, JURISDICTIONS, STATES, HAS REALLY, REALLY HELPED.

THERE IS A NUMBER OF OTHER FACTORS.

LEAD POISONING IS REAL AND WAS A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE THAT AFFECTED DEVELOPMENT IN KIDS THAT THEN LED TO TEENAGERS AND ADULTS WHO WOULD THEN COMMIT CRIMES.

SO THERE ARE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS MY POINT, THAT HAVE SHIFTED.

BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, BETTER WATER.

IT IMPACTS OUR COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND THE REGULATIONS THAT HELP EITHER REDUCE OR INCREASE CRIMES.

THERE IS THE, YOU KNOW, THE SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL FACTORS, I THINK, THAT ALSO ARE REALLY IMPORTANT TO PLAY THE ECONOMY RELATIVELY SPEAKING I KNOW IT'S CHALLENGING AT THE MOMENT IS IN BETTER SHAPE THAN IN PRIOR YEARS.

ONE NOTE I WANT TO SHARE IS THAT WHILE, OVERALL MURDER RATES ARE DOWN, THERE ARE TWO CRIMES THAT, IN THE LAST YEAR HAVE ACTUALLY SEEN UPTICKS.

ONE IS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND THE OTHER IS SEXUAL ASSAULT.

SO WHILE MURDER RATES OVERALL ARE DONE DOWN, WE ARE SEEING A UPTICK IN VIOLENCE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN.

>> RICK, WHAT IS YOUR SENSE OF THE PERCEPTION OF CRIME AND REALITY OF CRIME?

>> THE PERCEPTION OF CRIME, YOU KNOW, THAT'S CHANGED OVER THE YEARS BECAUSE YOU KNOW, OFTEN TIMES WE HAVE TO RELY ON EITHER LOCAL SOURCES OF NEWS, BUT NOW SOMETHING CAN HAPPEN ACROSS THE COUNTRY, ACROSS THE WORLD, AND WE SEE IT.

AND OFTEN TIMES IT'S THE STORIES THAT ARE BEING SHOWN ARE GOING TO BE THE WORST.

SO WE HAVE THAT LEADING TO A PERCEPTION THAT MAYBE CRIME IS HIGHER.

WE KNOW THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS BEEN USING THIS AS A WEAPON AGAINST THE DEMOCRATS SAYING THAT THE CRIME RATE IS UP SO THAT'S PART OF IT.

>> TO SPEAK TO THAT, LIKE WHEN THE ADMINISTRATION IS SAYING YOU KNOW, THIS IS OUR DOING, IT'S NOT.

IT HAS BEEN FALLING DOWN BEFORE THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TOOK EFFECT.

A COUPLE OF THINGS THAT HAPPENED, THERE ARE SOME CRIMINOLOGY STUDY AND SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES THAT LOOK THAT CERTAIN HOTSPOTS WHERE CRIME HAPPENS AGAIN AND AGAIN SO INSTEAD OF POLICING ALL OVER THE CITY, THERE HAVE BEEN MORE TARGETED DATA, AT LEAST FOCUSED POLICING WHICH HAS ACTUALLY HAD A GREAT RESULT FROM THE SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES.

AND THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF MONEY THAT WE HAVE RECENTLY BEEN PUTTING INTO INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION AMONG YOUTH AND A LOT OF THE CITIES ARE RUNNING THESE PROGRAMS VERY SUCCESSFULLY.

AND THIS IS GOOD.

IF CRIME ALL THE WAY GOES DOWN, WE WILL NOT NEED ANY COPS, RIGHT, BEN?

>> GOOD LUCK WITH THAT.

THAT STRATEGY HAS SHOWN TO LOSE.

>> IT IS TIME TO OPEN UP THAT GRADEBOOK FOR THE WEEK AND RICK, LET'S HAVE YOUR F PLEASE.

>> MY F GOES TO GIANNI INFANTINO, THE PRESIDENT OF FIFA, A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO THE WORLD CUP ENDED UP WITH SPAIN EDGING ARGENTINA.

THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT HIS SECRET DEAL TO SELL A STAKE IN THE WORLD CUP TO PRIVATE VESTORS-- INVESTORS, EVEN THOUGH HE BACKED DOWN, 55 EUROPEAN SOCCER CLUBS ARE THREATENING TO BOYCOTT FUTURE FIFA EVENTS INCLUDING THE WORLD CUP.

HIS ARROGANCE AND GREED IS CASTING A PAL ON THE BEAUTIFUL GAME.

HE MUST GO.

>> MY F GOES TO THE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY THAT EXISTS AROUND THE COST OF COLLEGE ATHLETICS ESPECIALLY D-1 UNIVERSITIES.

AS THE PUBLIC EAGERLY AWAITS COLLEGE FOOTBALL, THE FINANCIALS AROUND COLLEGE ATHLETICS IS HAYWIRE.

CHAOS WITH THE TRANSFAIRWAY PORTAL NIL ENFORCEMENT AND THERE IS A REAL GENDER QIT-- EQUITY ISSUE.

AND THE GOOD OF ATHLETICS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS FEELS LIKE IT HAS BEEN LOST.

>> BEN.

>> MY F IS GOING TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT.

JUST RECENTLY IN BRAZIL FOR THE AIDS 2026 GLOBAL HEALTH CONFERENCE, THEY USED AN A.I.

GENERATED MAP, WHICH EVERY LOCATION IS MISLABELED AND WRONG.

AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE DIAGRAM THERE.

SO IT'S AN A FOR OUTSOURCING DIPLOMA WHICH IS ONE OF-- DIPLOMACY WHICH IS ONE OF THEIR MAIN MISSIONS AND USING AN A.I.

MAP WHICH THEY HAVE DONE IN THE PAST WHICH IS A REAL MAP.

>> MY F GOES TO THE BRUTAL ATROCITIES ON NON-VIOLENT PROTESTORS AGAINST ENDEMIC CORRUPTION AGAINST NATIONALLY CENTERED HIGH PROFILE EXAMS THE SO CALLED COCKROACH MOVEMENT HAS BEEN ABLE TO FORCE THE RESIGNATION OF THE EDUCATION MINISTER AND HAVE SHAKEN THE GOVERNMENT TO THE CORE.

>> MELANCHOLY A TO LINE EL MESSI, ARGUABLY THE GREATEST OF ALL TIME LOST HIS FATHER THIS WEEK AFTER BECOMING SERIOUSLY ILL JUST BEFORE THE WORLD CUP, WHICH PREVENTED HIM FROM COMING TO THE U.S.

TO SEE HIS SON PLAY.

WEDNESDAY HE WROTE A BEAUTIFUL AND HIGHLY EMOTIONAL POST TO HIS DAD, EXPRESSING HIS THANKS, HIS LOVE AND LOVE AND PROFOUND GRIEF HE IS FEELING.

PEACE TO MESSI AND HIS FAMILY.

>> MY A GOES TO THE ONONDAGA COUNTY LEGISLATURE FOR URGING PASSAGE OF THE GOOD FOOD NEW YORK BILL.

THE BILL WOULD LIFT A MANDATE THAT REQUIRES SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS TO ONLY BUY CHEAP FOOD AND GIVES THEM LEEWAY TO BUY LOCAL NEW YORK PRODUCTS.

IT WOULD HELP BOOST FARMERS ESPECIALLY HERE IN CENTRAL NEW YORK, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE DEVASTATING CUTS TO PROGRAMS FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

I HOPE GOVERNOR HOCHUL SIGNS IT.

>> AND BEN.

>> MY A GOES TO THE PHOENIX SPECIES PROJECT, WHICH IS, THEIR EFFORT IS TO BRING BACK SPECIES THAT ARE ON THE BRINK OF EXTINCTION WHICH INVOLVES ABOUT 100 FROM THREE-- SORRY, 30 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES THEY'RE WORKING ON.

$100 MILLION COMMITMENT FROM LEONARDO DAVINCI'S ORGANIZATION AND ANOTHER $100 MILLION FROM BEZO'S EARTH FUND.

>> MY A GOES TO THE LIFE AND WORK OF DOMINICAN AMERICAN SCHOLAR AND HISTORIAN ABOLITIONIST Dr.

JOHANNA FERNANDEZ WHO IS A PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AFTER THE BARUCH COLLEGE AND CUNY GRADUATE CENTER.

SHE WAS A LEADING SCHOLAR OF THE YOUNG LORDS AND PUBLISHED AN AWARD WINNING BACK CALLED THE YOUNG LORDS RADICAL HISTORY IN 2019.

>> VERY GOOD.

I THINK IT'S TIME FOR TO US STOP TALKING BUT TIME FOR TO YOU START WRITING US.

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