good evening I'm Jeff Bennett and I'm Anna Nas on The newsour Tonight ho Israel's decision to use artificial intelligence and loosen restrictions on civilian casualties has made its campaign in Gaza so destructive pressu Rises on College leaders after their widely criticized Congressional testimonies about Rising anti-Semitis on campus and researchers gather growing evidence that climate change is already putting people's Health at risk there is a direct impact on health um heat waves will lead to heat illness and heat exhaustion and heat stroke major funding for the PBS NewsHour has been provided by the ongoing support of these an d institutio including Leonard and Norma clorine and P and Patricia Yuan actually you don't need Vision to do most things in life yes I'm legally blind and yes I'm responsible for the user interface data visualization if I can see it and understand it quickly anyone can it's exciting to be part of a team driving the technology forward I think that's the most rewarding thing people who know no B the William and Flora huet foundation for more than 50 years advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world at h.org and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions this program was made possible by The Corporation for Public Broadcasti by contributions to your PVS station from viewers like you thank you welcome to the newsour Israeli officials today said they are prepared for a long fight in Gaza lasting months or longer this is international criticism over Israel's war with Hamas grows meantime on the ground the heavy fighting continues as nearly 2 million gin await life-saving Aid on the border between between Gaza and Southern Israel Hamas Rockets meet the Iron Dome defense system further north some strikes slip through the net near Tel Aviv as Israeli Defense Forces push their ground defensive further south today released video of a mosque in jabalia where they say they found an explosives lab this is what is in the mosques here the IDF says they forced Hamas to the breaking point in Northern Gaza and they say militants in the field must surrender or be killed in a briefing today the Israeli defense minister said Israel would not remain in Gaza after the war Israel will take any measures in order to destroy Hamas but we have no intention to say to stay permanently in Gaza Strip we only take care of our security and the security of our citizens alongside the borders with Gaza and else well across Gaza a widening Israel offensive is leading to a growing humanitarian crisis conun in ha s become the latest battlefield with displaced Palestinians caught in the middle the area was classified as safe there was no announcement or Declaration to leave the area in the magazi refuge camp Palestinians dig out from the remnants of another air strike we were sitting at home quietly and then we heard the sounds of intense bombing and the windows blew out on of our heads and the doors came off their hinges and then we left the house and saw the bombed building we came here and you see it it's a massacre and at the aloa hospital the doctors who remain in Gaza treat survivors on the floor a trickles in through the rtha Crossing with Egypt but it's not enough th e immense need nearly 85% of gaza's 2.3 million people have been displaced within Gaza where un agencies say there is no safe place to flee we packed our things and moved to kanun inun we ran left our things and stayed there for around 15 days but then the Israelis started dropping Flyers telling us to go south but wher South are we supposed to go go ne up at the border and those in the camps face long lines for basic necessities leading to pleas for world leaders to take action every time the security Council takes a decision to stop the war the United States stands against us they veto the decision we urge the United States to stand with us and end the war three months are enough we are tired very tired look at us with Mercy for ou children our women our elderly bring us back to our life as Israel's bombardment of Gaza continues businesses are closed and streets are empty in the West Bank Palestinians here and in Jerusalem say they've gone on strike in solidarity with Palestinians in the Gaza Strip we are ready to strike every day to stand by our people in Gaza de financial conditions we're going through we are with them with our hearts and our souls as another night falls in Gaza the war moves on under the light of flares and Rockets Israel h military strikes into Gaza since the Hamas terrorist attacks of October 7th with a death toll of more than 18,000 that's according to the Gaza Health Ministry a recent investigat finds that Israel is deliberately targeting civilian infrastructure in Gaza with the goal of ramping up civilian pressure on Hamas that's one of the many takeaways in reporting by the independent nonpartisan Israeli publication plus 972 magazine and Hebrew language Outlet local call it also includes interviews with several current and former sources in Israel intelligence Community the lead reporter investigative journalist yval Abraham joins us now from Jerusalem thank you for being with us your reporting focuses on how the IDF selects military targets and how it determines the number of Civilian deaths that are acceptable what did you find the military has this term called collateral damage degrees which dictates how many civilians it is allowing soldiers to kill per strike so even if the civilians are not the target the amount that is allowed to be k is known beforehand and what I fo that according to sources in this operation the military has ab andoned previous protocol and now it is allowing soldiers according to sources to knowingly kill hundreds several hundred Palestinian civilians in an attempt to assassinate one senior Hamas member how has that changed post October 7th the US military has a has a similar process a CDE a collateral damage estimate and the laws of war dictate that the military advantage has to be proportionate to the civilian uh the impact on civilian civilian casualties how does Israel m assessment that determination so in the past according to sources for a single assassination attempt dozens of Palestinian civilians would be allowed to be killed this has become 20 times the number that was allowed in the past after October 7th also with regards to a particular category of targets that are called Power targets that's according to sources in the past as you've said in the introduction were bombed in order to create this civilian pressure on Hamas so nine power targets were bombed in 2021 and in this operation we know that more than a thousand power targets were alread bombed so we are seeing a lo criteria that was already in pr evious operations dramatically changing you also report extensively about the role of artificial intelligence and all of this th the IDF has an AI Target creation platform called The Gospel which has significantly accelerated the identification of military target does it work and what's the impa the ground Now sources have described the gospel as essentially a Target machine so while a human is in the loop somewhere they are spending much less time per Target actually analyzing the target one source for example told me that they were being judged not by the quality of the targets that they were creating but by the quantity of ta rgets were being created using these AI powered systems and this process of automation the result is that according to military sources Israel has bombed really an unprecedented amount of Targets in Gaza and I think we are seeing the results on the ground i the IDF did not immediately respond to our request for comment does the IDF deny or dispute anything in your reporting not directly I mean we asked a lot of questions and we didn't get direct specific responses the th at it is abiding by international law that it is doing everything in its power to protect Palestinian civilians in Gaz again according to sources from within the military from within the intelligence Community t true they've spoken about completely disproportionate strikes knowingly killing hundreds of civilians a gene atmosphere that they felt was partially motivated by revenge for the horrors of October 7 as a matter of fact One Source said that the only thing that he felt was actually Lim liting the death of civilians in Gaza was International pressure and specifically us pressure you all give us a sense without obviously revealing yo you talk to in this reporting and walk us through the the process of of how you pieced all of this together yeah so so the investigation is based on conversations I've had with seve sources from Israel's intelligence Community some of them are curren sources that are still actively pa rt in this operation some of them former sources that have taken pa previous operations these are whistleblowers so essentially they're not going to be willing to reve identities I feel part of the reason why some of them spoke was that they were shocked by some of the things that they were asked to do one source described how previously for example protocols in the military would say that before carrying out a strike you would ha have a very precise pinpointing of w the target is after October 7th The Source said they were actual based on a wide approximation an bombed a very wide radius again knowingly killing civilians and th are sources that are in the mili they obviously care about the of Israelis but they felt that go ing on was unjustifiable in Gaza and I think this is part of the reason why they were willing to speak out against it investigative journalist yal Ab thank you for sharing your reporting with us thank yo much in the day's other headlines the US Supreme Court has agreed to de quickly on whether to hear the case o former president Trump's claim of legal immunity that came after special counsel Jack Smith made the request saying in a filing quote it is of imperative public importance that claims of immunity be resolved and that trial proceed as promptly as possible Mr Trump argues h is shielded from charges of trying to subvert the 2020 election results th court ordered Trump's lawyers to respond by December 20th Smith hopes to keep a March 4th trial date also today Mr Trump opted not to return to the witness stand in the Civil fraud trial against his family business he'd already testif in his own defense in early November the trial is set to wrap up in a few days with a decision expected in January trial began today on how much Rudy Giuliani must pay two Georgia election workers for falsely accusing them of fraud in the 2020 election Giuliani arrived at the federal courthouse in Washington this morning the la wyer has already been found liable for defamation plaintiffs wrea sheay moss and her mother Ruby Freeman were threatened and harassed over fals claims by Trump allies on Ukraine president volodimir zalinski appealed today for an end to the stalemate ov American Aid he spoke in Washington where a battle over border security and immigration policy has blocked action o $61 billion the whole world is observing what Destiny other Free Nation could face to live freely or to be subjugated you can count on Ukraine and we hope just as much to be able to count on you zalinsky will make his case directly to President Biden and members of Congress tomorrow in the meantime in cave debris from Russian missiles destroyed homes and left craters in a pre-dawn attack it was part of a stepped up aerial assault as winter sets in the jailed Russian opposition leader Alexi naali is missing a spokeswoman says he's been transferred to a special security prison and has not been in touch for 6 days the spokeswoman posted today on social media saying quote where they have taken him they refuse to say loca elections in Hong Kong have wiped away the last vestage of democratic rule mainland China loyalists dominated Sunday's races after opposition candidates were barred only abou 4.3 million registered voters cast ballots that is down from 71% in the last such elections in 2019 the United Nations cop 28 climate Summit neared its climax today in Dubai as criticism mounted that a draft agreement is too weak The Propos sidestep calls to phase out fossil fuels the European commissioner for for climate action was amo frustration the text as it now stands uh is disappoint still looking into all the various elements and yes there are a couple o good things in there but overall it is clearly insufficient and not adequate to addressing the problem the Summit is scheduled to end tomorrow back in this country a pregnant woman has left Texas for an abortion after challenging the state's near total ban Kate Cox says her fetus has a likely fatal condition that could jeopardize her own health she's now 20 week pregnant and her lawyer said today she can't wait longer for the state co urt to rule her legal challenge will continue and on Wall Street stocks advaned to open the week the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 157 points t close at 36,45 the NASDAQ Rose 28 poi 500 added 18 still to come on the NewsHour ethnic minority in Russia are disproportionately conscripted for the war in Ukraine Tamara Keith and Amy Walter break down the latest political headlines director BOS lurman on remaking one of his movies into a TV miniseries plus much more this is the PBS NewsHour from WEA studios in Washington and in the west from the Walter kronite School of Journalism at Arizona State University the president of Harvard University is still in her job at this hour but there's been a real debate about whether she should be allowed to stay there are dueling letters Ha rvard's broader Community one calling on the University's governing board to force her out and one asking the university to support her one of those governing boards has reportedly been meeting about that today it re sponse to last week's Congressional hearing about a rise in anti-Semit some college campuses Laura Baron Lopez has the latest at Harvard University turmoil ov fate of the school's president claudian gay gay MIT president Sally cornbluth and now outgoing University of Pennsylvania president Liz Mill came under Fire last week for their testimony in a house hearing on Rising anti-Semitism on their campuses on Friday gay apologized for her remarks to the Harvard Crimson saying calls for violence or genocide against the Jewish Community or any religious or ethnic group are vile they have no place at Harvard and those who threaten our Jewish students will be held to acco the flash point of last Tuesday's hearing a heated line of questi from Republican representative Alise stonic who herself has been critic for not calling out anti-Semitism in her own party and Dr Gay at Harvard does calling for the genocide of Jews violate Harvard's rules of bullying and harassment yes or no it can be on the context stefanic was referring to slogans that have been chanted at Pro Palestinian rallies on campus such a from The River To The Sea Palestine will be free that phrase adopted by Hamas is seen by some as a call for the destruction of Israel and the Je wish people others say it's a deca old rallying call for a state where all Palestinians can live freely alongside Israelis I will ask you one more time does calling for the genocide of Jews violate Harvard rules of bullying and harassment yes or no anti-semitic rhetoric when it is it anti-semitic rhetoric anti-semitic rhetoric when it crosses into conduct that amounts to bullying harassment intimidation that is actionable conduct and we do take action so the answer is yes that calling for the genocide of Jews violates Harvard code of conduct correct again it depends depends on the context the day after the hearing Rabbi David Wy stepped down from the University's anti-Semitism advisory committee I felt as though there was a profound disconnect between the attitude of the presidents and my perception of the seriousness of the situation WPI a visiting scholar at Harvard's Divinity School resigned over what he consider in action by the university to confront anti-Semitism some of the things that it seemed to me Harvard needed to do almost immediately were to enforce the existing rules against harassment and bullying and so on more expeditiously that is more immediately than they were doing it to undertake a major education campaign about Judaism anti-Semitism Jewish history even as pressure mounts for Gay's resignation more than 600 faculty signed a letter saying Harvard should not cave to political pressure Steven Pinker a professor of psychology didn't sign the letter but said Gaye firing would not solve the problem the reason that I don't think she be called on to resign is I think the problems and they should be addressed directly rather than through a uh a sacrificial scapegoat I think that uh Harvard uh and American universities in general need a uh clear and conspicuous policy on Free Speech they don't selectively um uh squelch speech reprehensible speech should be answered by uh more speech by being refuted not by CRI being criminalized at University of Pennsylvania the consequences were S on Saturday University president Liz McGill announced her resignation after donors politicians and some students called for her ouster days before she issued a public apology I want to be clear a call for genocide of Jewish people is threatening deeply so in my view it would be harassment or intimidation Mill's testimony last l week was similar to Gaye CLA finlin is a professor of Law and philosophy at upen she said while Mill is a brilliant person her testimony was disastrous I'm not calling for a restriction of criticisms of Israel um or criticisms of Hamas or what have you political speech and the ability to engage in it but what has gotten out of hand is the idea that free speech on campus has to include such a level o any kind of speech that even the worst threats and harassment should be protected before McGill's resignation more than 70 members of Congress all but three of whom were Republican signed a letter demanding the three presidents step aside they said the testimony lacked moral Clarity and illuminated the problematic double standards and dehumanization of Jewish communities meanwhile some Progressive members including the only Palestinian am Congress Rashida TB say allegations of anti-Semitism are being weaponized to silence legitimate criticisms of Israel Americans have a right to speak up Americans have a right to to the institutions they work that represent them to say look this my opinion I believe you should support X Y and Z House Republicans have opened an investigation into the three universities and more than a dozen Democratic lawmakers asked schools to review and update their policies and at MIT president s cornbluth has not apologized receiving support from her University's governing board for the PBS NewsHour I'm Laura Baron Lopez in the nearly two years since Russia invaded Ukraine 300,000 Russian soldiers have died or been injured many of them conscripts and as Nick shiffrin and producer Sarah Cutler report for soldiers from Siberia and Russia's Far East which is home to many ethnic minorities the price has been overwhelming in Russia's Far East the funerals are all too common the widows are so distraught they have to be carried by an honor guard and the cemeteries are filled soldiers many of their graves freshly dug since Russia's fullscale invasion of Ukraine men from this part of Russia remote poor and home to many of the country's minority groups have borne the brunt of the wa and died disproportionately a lot of people have been sent there it looks like Ru trying to eliminate our ethnic groups 31-year-old Alex who asks we hide his identity is is from the Republic of Saha an area the size of India many of whose 1 million residents are ethnically Turkish it seemed as if they were officially mobilizing only our ethnic peoples and sending them to War as if they were trying to kill some people his social media from before The fullscale Invasion shows a normal life a day on the job posing with a new ride spending time with loved ones that world his world was lost when he was suddenly conscripted last September during a wave of mobilization and flown from his hometown to a military base a few hours away he was shocked by what he saw normally there are informational stands to show for example who is on duty but this time there were only photos of dead Ukrainian soldiers and the inscription was they should be killed in this way I believe that they were preparing us toward what would happen it's easier uh to take know less and and um usually this these are very remote places rural Villages Natalia Arno is the founder and president of the free Russia Foun she says Vladimir Putin's War Machine considers ethnic minorities with les education and fewer resources Canon fodder the more remote they are the less information they can get the less um human rights organizations working with them and advocating for their BBC found that six of the 10 Russian regions with the highest mortality rates in Ukraine are Loc at in Siberia Far East and that man from btia a Russian Republic whose residents are descended from Mongols are 75 ti likely to die than men from Moscow when uh Putin's Russia um attacked Ukraine it's definitely genocide very tragic genocide of ukrainians simultaneously inside Russia there is an ethnocide of ethnic minorities Arno is half bat and says minority recruitment is just a crescendo of Decades of discription discrimination it was impossible to learn my own language of brat language in schools when I moved to Moscow and I couldn't afford to allow my son to use a Moscow Metro for example it was very dangerous and uh that's why I can rela to all these ethnic minority groups saying like uh it's not our war no t treating us as normal citizens of Russia we cannot even be safe in the capital of our country a handful certain arrest to protest the Ukraine war and new advocacy groups are helpin men from communities such as theirs avoid the draft or leave the country indigenous peoples are needed for only one purpose to die for the sake of the Empire Vladimir Putin is acting very consistently in this regard Alexandra garipova is the founder of t free badia Foundation which receives daily calls and texts from new conscripts and their families need a lawyer's phone number someone I know was mobilized and tricked into signing a contract for a Year my son is writing a letter to officials refusing to serve but we are both afraid they'll deny him how can we get him out of this situation what will happen to a mobilized person on leave if he doesn't return to Ukraine we explain to military personnel how to terminate their contracts we are doing what the Kremlin considers most dangerous we explain to people wh their rights are one of the offic Russia's invasion of Ukraine the Kremlin cited the denotification of Ukraine but we are people who have repeatedly encountered manifestations of xe nophobia on the territory of the Russian Federation itself this year mosow introduced new laws to expand their pool of recruits raising the maximum age and restricting recruits ability to access government services until they report for Duty and the government launched a campaign to try and convince more Russian to sign up inclu that suggest soldiers not civilians are real men and Moscow increased soldiers pay often appealing to Russian minorities as for Alex days after he was mobilized and arrived on base he crawled under a hole in the fence and into a taxi he sped to the airport and got on the first flight he could to Kazakhstan where he still lives today he's safe but stuck in limbo he lives Incognito with a Russian Criminal case for dissertion hanging over his head I don't do anything I don't have official employment right now there are 17 people like me with criminal cases opened all of us we're just hoping that some countries will give us Asylum until then he waits knowing he has at least avoided the fate of so many fellow minorities who fought in Ukraine for the PBS NewsHour I'm Nick schiffren as Republican Presidential contenders courted early State voters and Wall Street donors we learned today that one candidate faced threats of violence Lisa deard Dan has more so for me this goes to the core of my candidacy as your next president in New Hampshire troubling signs as the ramas Swami's campaign announced police arrested a man for making specific death threats at the candidate and supporters those mentioned an event that was held today in a statement the campaign blamed the left as demonizing Republicans po have not disclosed any motive for the suspect this after a busy campaign weekend Swanky Jazz played at Saturday's young Republican Gayla in Manhattan a room filled with former president Donald Trump's staunchest supporters this campaign is a ri crusade to rescue our nation from a very corrupt political Tass Trump doubled down on comments he made last week about taking on a dictator role if reelected I didn't say that I said I want to be a dictator for one day but the Times said and you know why I wanted to be a dictator because I want a wall right I want a wall and I want a drill drill drill despite his legal troubles Iowa poll shows Trump is gaining support there now the top pick for president for 51% of Republican caucus scers up from 43% in October that means in Iowa Republicans who aren't Trump are fighting for second place what a great crowd we have at a town hall on Sunday former South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley carefull contrasted herself with Trump warning voters of a tumultuous future if they choose him I think president Trump was the right president at the right time but rightly or wrongly chaos follows him chaos follows him you know I'm right and we can't have a country in disarray and a world on fire and go through four more years of chaos we won't survive it Florida Governor Ronda santz a slight lead over a Haley in the state stressed his commitment to Religious Freedom at a Faith and family form i rural Northwest Iowa and so in Florida we believe as the founding fathers believe uh your right to practice faith is not something that's given to you by government it's somethin been granted to you by God government cannot infringe your free exercise a right to practice but the largely Evangelical crowd raised question voting for someone V ramaswami of Hindu faith I'm not running for pastor I wouldn't be qualified to be pastor but I am running to be commander-in-c to be president the candidates cordial and poised on stage but campaigns know time is running ou make the GOP race competitive for the PBS NewsHour I'm Lisa de jardan for more on the presidential race and Ukrainian president zelinsky's trip to Washington it's time for politics Monday wi Walter of the cook political Report w Amy Walter and Tamra Keith of NPR hello hello hello so Donald Trump's support now tops 50% in Iowa let's put a marker on that and talk about the Democrats because we just heard all Republicans Tam Hampshire and Dean Phillips long shot primary challenge he's now saying that Joe Biden presents a threat to democracy what's that all about well he the threat that he says Joe Biden presents is that Joe Biden could lo Donald Trump uh and and he says that Trump is a uniquely dangerous figure in our history so it it's a secondary argument but but or two steps removed kind of argument Phillips is out there saying that basically Joe Biden's poll numbers aren't great which is a Tru fact uh and that somehow he is the solution um what he says is that in in polling Donald Trump uh versus a generic Democrat performs better the generic Democrat performs better than Joe Biden uh and uh Dean Phillips then says you know you can call me generic if you want to uh so his argument is basically um that that in a in a race between a ham ham sandwich and Donald Trump a ham sandwich could do quite well ha ppy to be the ham sandwich but it it's really not clear that that is an argument that would hold up uh going Beyond New Hampshire and the thing with New Hampshire is Joe Biden is ba llot in New Hampshire so you know on Election night when the results come in Dean Phillips his whole theory of the case's plan is that he will win Ha mpshire but what is winning uh if incumbent president isn't on the ballot so I asked him that what do the headline to be he said wow okay well meantime President Biden is increasingly calling out Donald Trump by name and I'm told by Democratic officials that we should expect more of that that President Biden should just uh Target Donald Trump by that he's also going to point to what he sees as extremist abortion for instance and what's happening in Texas talk about the poll numbers it is true that Joe Biden is in world of hurt for an incumbent president going into a presidential year opinions about his handling of the presidency very low lower than even I think where Donald Trump was at this point going into 2020 opinions about the economy opinions about who do a better job on the economy all those are terrible numbers fo incumbent he can't afford this to be a race that right now is about him it has to be about the the stake what's at stake if Donald Trump is elected at the same time I was just before I got here was looking through the new uh Wall Street Journal poll which asked the question were you better off did think the policies of trump or Biden made you better off and for Trump by a 12-point margin people said they were better off with Trump policies for Bi it was minus 30 so people feel as if they were life was better when Donald Trump was President for them the challenge then for Biden is to and his campaign is to make the case much like Nikki Haley did there that actually things weren't that great rememb chaos when he was president and also they're not going to be any better because as you point out on issues like abortion that wasn't on the ballot in 2020 it is now January 6th hadn't happened when people were voting it's this is going to be the seminal issue in 2024 is it about things that are happening to people right now that they feel upset about which they wi the president for or is it about things that they think will happen in the future with a Donald Tru already been president and they know they know about but he's not in fron their face every moment looking Ne w Hampshire because President Bide has decided to skip New Hamp first in the nation primary his isn't on the ballot which means th ere is this Grassroots effort to to mount a right in campaign how's that going right there's a dispute betwee the Democratic National Committee and the state and in the end New Hampshire gets snubbed Joe Biden isn't on the ballot uh but there is this wr campaign the wrin Biden uh campaign and it is extremely Grassroots I was on a zoom call with a a group a you know a County Democratic uh party group that was talking to one of the organizers of this Grassroots effort they're they're there they're looking for volunteers go stand outside of every single polling place with a sign that says write in Biden there are 21 candidates for uh the Democratic nomination in New Hampshire because New Hampshire is quirky uh and ballot access is pretty easy and so they have to not only convince people like even though the president isn't on the ballot you should go through of voting and then als look past all 21 people find the empty bubble bubble that in and then write Joe Biden the thing they do have going for them is that Joe Biden is easy th at's true that is true although his campaign can't do this work oh ca mpaign is very much not involved in this this is not their thing they are very happy continuing to keep uh New Hampshire not in the conversation uh but the these New Hampshire uh and it's like the establishment the Democratic establishment of New Hampshire who feel snubbed uh they are out there Ne w Hampshire's value and they're also out there to try to prove th does have enthusiasm um because if he were to lose or not perform well then all of the stuff that Amy just talked about um that you know the the narrative if you will would be about weakness yeah you know Amy ever since President Bi said in that fundraiser last week he's not sure if he'd be running if Donald Trump wasn't also race let's say Donald Trump's candidacy collapses for whatever reason and President Biden decides to hang up his cleats he says look the prem campaign isn't what it used going to pass the torch what would that do to the Democratic nominating process um that is an excellent question because right now so many deadlines have already passed to get on the ballot in certain States and so you're you're really I guess you could maybe move some of the fining deadlines get people on the ballot a lot of this depends o hypothetical when he makes that decision now at the end of the day today it's the delegates at the convention it's a convention that ultimately nominates the President and Vice President um if that were to come down to that point but I think we're getting to the place now where if you are the Democratic part you have this opport New Hampshire is going to be a test case the op to say if you don't don't really see Biden on the ticket which voters and polling Democratic voters been saying they'd like a different cand they going to pick somebody they don't really know very well don't ab out to send a message um and wi ll that message be received by Joe Biden New Hampshire has been noto for taking incumbent presidents and embarrassing them um George uh HW Bush being the most recent with the challenge against uh that candidacy uh from Buchanan and obviously Lyndon Johnson who soon after he almost lost the primary ended up announcing he ru nning for re-election well thank you for indulging that thought ex we didn't get to talk about Pres zelinsky's visit to Washington bu t we'll have extensive co that on this program tomorrow good to see you both thank you thanks as the UN climate conference nears its end there's growing concern over whether countries can or will meet their prior pledges to hold down global temperatures if temperatures continue to climb the impact on human health could be profound and some doctors say their profession is not prepared William brangham has the story in collaboration with the global Health Reporting Cent with support from the Pitzer Center on a chilly fall day in Cambri Massachusetts the conversation here at Harvard is about extreme heat and how in South Asia alone it kills tens of thousands of people every year water the portable water becomes so hot that they can't drink it it's Dr satet balsari is an ER doctor and co-director of the crisis ready initiative at Harvard he's part of a movement to get doctors focused on how climate change impact human health and how to respond you're an emergency room physician how is it that you ar so much about climate change I mean there is a direct impact on health um heat waves will lead to heat illness and heat exhaustion and heat stroke people are presented the emerc room when t are wildfires and there is th ere's more particulate matter in the air and but there is also a tale of morbidity and mortality that these extreme weather events are resulting in in this d the developed world the rapers are the first victim of uh temperature increase today he and his colleagues are working on a project to try and understa hopefully mitigate some of the impacts of extreme heat in places where millions of the the world's poorest people live and work i with the self-employed women's Association a union that repr smallscale independent workers who make up the vast bulk of India's population by giving them tiny wearable temperature sensors they found the women were often experiencing heat extremes well beyond what was officially recorded So This is maden's house Maden works from home she's a weaver I'll just show you a couple of graphs this one for exampl the green dots are the satellite observation so that's NASA power data but the gold shows the readings from the sensors in the women's homes and there is a 10 Dee difference between the temperature outside and the temperature at home so the cruder temp might tell you oh it's actually not so bad because it's cooling at bu t when you actually look at what her lived experience is it's has completely different ramifications right living and working in 45# 113# f is more than unpleasant it's dangerous this is massive ramifications for workplace safety as well to be able to say that when it is only 40# outside we know that these kinds of workshops actually are at 45 or 48# this kind of fine grain data points to problems and solutions which are barely on people's radar now if we had better information about local climates um you could uh change School timings for example there were a bunch of um children of workers that we were working with who stopped going to school because it would get so hot in the afternoon that their feet would burn when they would step on the asphalt and so they just stop to school and unless you're studying this it wouldn't really occur to any of us tha that um School dropouts is because you know it's too hard to walk back from school trying to do better models using microclimate variation while s's partner in this work is Dr Caroline Bucky a Harvard professor of epidemiology a lot of the ways that we are conceiving of the issues of climate change are fr large Global models remote sensing data from satellites and things like this and the scale on which we're talking about the problem is often too large do n't have that granular h human scale data to understand the impacts of climate change getting better data is critical knowing who is most affected could trigger insurance payments disaster declarations and more for balsari Hurricane Maria the storm which devastated Puerto Rico in 2017 was a crystal clear example of a climate-driven disaster impacting huma health Caroline Bucky and I were involved in a study while the in government estimates were that about 64 people had died the study suggested that mortality was closer to about 4,000 they didn't die on the day of the landfall they died for months of di other aspects of their life disrup like power outages shortages of medicine and a loss of access to regular medical care so I can talk pretty loud but I can't probably talk that loud so how can the medical community help prevent these kinds of deadly disruptions in a first ofit kind program run by by the University of Colorado School of Medicine that's a main focus th doctors and nurses are working towards a diploma in climate medicine it involves five separate courses from making hospitals more environmentally friendly to this training session at the apply named disaster City at the Texas A&M engineering and extension service 911 Center will send a liazon Dr Terry o Conor from the University of Colorado is one of the course director dors some of these events are coming more and with less pre-notification am plifying faster than ever be damage caused by weather disasters is on the rise not just because of a warming world but also because more people are moving into vulnerable areas when we inquire within our own Hospital systems or within our medical staff um we fin ourselves still pretty unprepar the scope and scale of these events Jason Moz who is helping teach the disaster Prep course says America's Medical infrastructure is woefully unprepared take what happened to a major Houston Hospital during Hurricane Harvey in 2017 they had put their generator in the basement of the parking garage and okay there's not a lot of action down there people won't mess with it it's secure but it's also very vulnerable to the floodwater seeping in yeah well knocked the generator out they lost power so so yeah we they run thro tabletop simulations how to respond to floods or fires how to deal with extreme cold or extreme heat when you lose power do not automatically does not every hospital automatically decide to evacuate no because you may not have a place to evacuate too you may not have like like if there's flooding how are you going to move your patie can't move the vehicles the students come from all over the country Wilderness medicine experts on and everything in between there are people who are from the emerge Family Medicine there are nurses it makes it a lot more fun to have different uh perspectives it br oaden the experience for us an experience like this this course um will allow me to help serve my patients and my community better and this prog part of a bigger movement since 2019 the number of us medical schools requiring coursework on the effects of climate change has more than doubled we st orm on the horizon that's coming coming in and if we don't do what we to avoid that problem uh we're in f world of hurt so I think you want your Logistics person in the faci person right next to each other pu t it bluntly it's giving these providers hope that's probably the most important thing ' Conor says doctors have to take up the burden together to forge a community and a sense of mission for the PBS NewsHour I'm William brangham the new Hulu miniseries far away Downs is set in Australia's far north on the cusp of World War II and features the star power of Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman it's also an unusual instance of one of the world's leading film directors getting a redo ow n earlier material into something new Jeffrey Brown speaks with Australian director baz lurman for our arts culture series canvas in the 2008 film Australia Nicole Kidman plays an English aristocrat who goes down under to sell a ranchon but falls in love with the land and with the man the rough living cattle drover played by Hugh Jackman it was epic melodrama nearly three hours long a big hit in Australia and Europe but not so much with critics and not at all at the box office in the US in 2020 when the pandemic shut down production of his film Elvis director baz lurman deci to go back to his old Australia footage so much of it left on The Cutting Room floor to see if he could refashion it a new format I knew that I had all this material and as I looked at the material I realized that episodic storytelling really suited the Epic nature of it it and I just thought about I could really lean into the idea particularly from the indigenous point of view from his telling no bullet me G the result is far away Downs now a minseries that unfolds over nearly 4 hours in six separate episodes with new scenes even spoiler alert a completely new ending it isn't really just Australia with a bit of extra season what is it I think it's of the same story but there are different plot points most important lurman says a greater focus on the indigenous new music composed and performed by contemporary musicians and a stor centered on the then official government policy of separating biracial children like nullah played by Brandon Walters from their indigenous families the practice impacting what came to be known as The Stolen Generations ended only the 1970s my idea was to take a very old melodrama form you know and put in the middle of this kind of old-fashioned movie telling style this extremely horrendous ugly chapter in Australian history a serious subject but as he says wrapped within broad Strokes even high comedy as in a scene left over from Australia in which Kidman watches the well muscled Jackman have an outdoor rinse lurman who got his start in theater and Opera loves both high and low in art and shakesp would use broad comedy to get you kind of discombobulated an you know the meat of the issue and I do that in in Far Away Downs in Australia now whether it works or not or whether people button into it that audience but the idea is to so disarm with you know like Katherine heurn Spencer Tracy kind of broad comedy and then suddenly you know a child is grabbed by the cops and stolen as much as any director working today lurman has developed a storytelling Visual and oral style all his own instantly recognizable playing with The Bard himself in his version of Romeo and Juliet with a young Leonardo Dicaprio and Claire Dan thinking would fall in love for someone like me I can't fall i love with anyone and make men be what they want to believe the over-the-top spectacle energy of Mulan Rouge also featuring Kidman major J Gatsby for Valor extraordinary The Great Gatsby note the hip-hop music rafted around Jazz Eros scenes Gatsby New York 1922 human beings and another lurman signature mashup in this case created with Jay-Z it's a way of letting you feel the modernness of it it's an access issue party in the ja most no t your ordinary biopic Elvis always lurman says the look sound and substance are conceived as one whole in terms of design development script development I do all three the text the written word the visual language musical language simultaneously so it's extremely well evolved they have to work together yeah like three scripts and then together ah and you're or three scripts yeah I or TR is a good way of thinking of it they've got a working concert but the music metaphor on e because they they I don't look at the visual language as a background issue or the music as a background issue they are a la I think when you say I have a style probably a way of saying it is pa rticular cinematic language that I work in it's a way of telling this place is so bar and I can't understand what he would have seen out here he sees far away down Downs as an experiment big screen Movie House creation small screen episodic experience now existing side by side you still love the big theater experience right I'm I'm devoted to it I'm devoted to the cinema and the bigger the better but you're open to clearly in this case an episodic I can sit at home and watch yeah I look at storytelling architecturally for the big screen is horizontal it's like ABC it's ho rizontal but in streaming you can go like this and then go vertical come back to the horizontal vertical come back so I just I'm not scared of form I mean I'm but I am experimenting I'm not constrained by anything except do I think that is a legitimate way to tell something who are you I in fact baz lurman is so excited by his far away Downs experiment he's already considering an episodic reworking of Elvis next I am going to bring Far Away Downs back to life for the PBS NewsHour I'm Jeffrey Brown in New York and join us here again tomorrow night for analysis of Ukrainian president vomir zelinsky's visit Washington with additional funding for that Country Now stalled in Congress that's the newsour for tonight I'm Jeff Bennett and I'm omna Nas on behalf o the entire NewsHour team thank you for joining us major fun has been provided by architect beekeeper Mentor a Raymond James financial adviser Taylor's advice to help you live your life life well planned the candida fund committed to advancing restorative justice and meaningful work through investments in transformative lead leaders and ideas more at candida fund.org supported by the John D and Katherine T MacArthur Foundation committed to building a more just verdant and peaceful world more information at macfound.org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made responsible by The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and to your PBS station from viewers like you thank you you're watching PBS