FOSTERING DIVERSITY IS A GOOD THING, BUT IS DEI?

A FROZEN EMBRYO IS A PERSON IN ALABAMA.

A HIGH-PROFILE MURDER •IS NEW YORK'S STATUS AS A SANCTUARY CITY IN DOUBT?

AND UNCLE SAM WANTS YOU •.

BUT APPARENTLY NOT ENOUGH YOUNG PEOPLE WANT UNCLE SAM.

STAY TUNED FOR IVORY TOWER ON ROAD AT HAMILTON COLLEGE.

8.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> GOOD EVENING.

WELCOME TO A SPECIAL HOUR-LONG EDITION OF IVORY TOWER.

I'M DAVID CHANATRY, FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY.

I'M JOINED ON THE PANEL THIS WEEK BY TY SEIDULE FROM HAMILTON COLLEGE, NINA MOORE AND CHAD SPARBER FROM COLGATE UNIVERSITY, TARA ROSS FROM ONONDAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE, AND LUKE PERRY AND RICK FENNER FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY.

WE'RE COMING TO YOU THIS WEEK FROM THE FILLIUS EVENTS BARN ON THE CAMPUS OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.

WE'LL TAKE SOME STUDENT QUESTIONS LATER IN THE SHOW.

OVER THE PAST THE YEAR THE ROLE OF DEI • DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION PROGRAMS HAS BECOME A HIGHLY CONTROVERSIAL AND PARTISAN ISSUE IN HIGHER EDUCATION, AS WELL AS IN CORPORATE AMERICA AND EVEN THE MILITARY.

76 ANTI-D-E-I BILLS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED IN 26 STATES AND THE U.S. U.S. CONGRESS.

CRITICS SAY D-E-I PROGRAMS INDOCTRINATE STUDENTS AND OTHERS IN AN ILLIBERAL EMBRACE OF LEFT-WING IDEOLOGY.

CHAD, SHOULD THESE PROGRAMS, SHOULD COLLEGES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS SCALE BACK DEI PROGRAMS?

>> SCALE BACK BUT NOT ELIMINATE.

LOOK, WOULD I ENCOURAGE THE STUDENTS TO READ FIRST CORINTHIANS CHAPTER 12.

FIRST CENTURY DIVERSITY STATEMENT TALK TALKING ABOUT HOW MULTIPLE PARTS SERVE ONE BODY FOR THE COMMON GOOD.

THESE HAVE EXISTED FOR A LONG TIME AND ARE QUITE GOOD BUT NOT THE CEE PROGRAMS AS CURRENTLY CONSTRUCTED.

SOMETIMES THEY CAN BE SENSIBLE.

IF YOU ARE A UNIVERSITY AND ASKING A CANDIDATE HOW THEY TEACH A DIVERSE STUDENT BODY, THAT'S A REASONABLE SKILL.

IF YOU ASK SOMEBODY WHAT IS THEIR UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC THAT THEY COULD ADD TO DIVERSE ENTERPRISE, FINE, TRYING TO BUILD A TEAM BUT OTHER TIMES WE CROSS THE LINE INTO UNACCEPTABLE WHERE THE STATEMENTS ASK A PERSON HOW THEY WOULD PROMOTE DIVERSITY THROUGH THE SCHOLARSHIP.

ONCE YOU DO THAT, THAT SACRIFICES SCHOLARLY OBJECTIVITY.

OR SOMETIMES THEY ASK CANDIDATES TO GET A STATEMENT AFFIRMING THEIR COMMITMENT TO DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION.

THAT'S A FAITH STATEMENT.

AND SO, YOU KNOW, WHEN YOU HEAR THESE OBJECTIONS TO DEI AS CONSTRUCTED NOW, A LOT OF THOSE CONCERNS ARE EXTREMELY VALID, THAT DOESN'T MEAN ALL OF THE SUGGESTS SOLUTIONS ARE APPROPRIATE.

>> I THINK WE HAVE TO POINT OUT THAT SOME OF THE OBJECTIONS TO DEI, CHAD, I THINK YOU WILL AGREE WITH ME ON THIS, IS NOT JUST ABOUT HOW IT OPERATES ON CAMPUS AND THE WAYS THAT YOU DESCRIBE THAT CAN SOMETIMES BE PROBLEMATIC.

BUT SOME OF THE CHALLENGES SIMPLY THAT OPPONENTS WOULD PREFER TO PRESERVE THE STATUS QUO.

AND WHAT THE DEI DOES, DEI PROGRAM DOES IS PUSH US AWAY FROM THAT, BUT AT THE SAME TIME, I WILL CONCEDE THAT THERE ARE SOME ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO HOW DEI IS OPERATIONALIZED IN THE SENSE THAT THERE SEEMS TO BE-- AND THIS IS MY SENSE SEEMS TO BE A HEAVY EMPHASIS ON WHAT AMOUNTS TO TRIVIAL ISSUES SUCH AS USING APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE AND SORT OF PROVIDING A SAFE SPACE.

AND MY OWN VIEW IS THAT COLLEGES SHOULD BE ANYTHING BUT A SAFE SPACE FOR ALL OF OUR STUDENTS.

CERTAINLY IT SHOULD BE WELCOMING.

BUT COLLEGE IS A PLACE WHERE WE ARE SUPPOSED TO CHALLENGE STUDENTS.

SO I THINK, AND I WILL SAY THIS FINALLY AS A CRITICISM BECAUSE I'VE GOT SOME OTHER THINGS THAT I'LL OFFER AFTER THE REST OF MY COLLEAGUES CHIME IN, IS THAT IN SOME WAYS, IT WORKS AGAINST-- IT WORKS AT CROSS PURPOSES, RIGHT I TOO OFTEN HEAR STUDENTS, COLLEAGUES AND THOUSANDS WHO WORK OUT IN THE REAL WORLD THINK THAT THEY'RE AFRAID TO USE THE WRONG TERMS, TO SAY THE WRONG THINGS, AND AS A RESULT, HAVE SORT OF WITHDRAWN FROM VERY IMPORTANT CONVERSATIONS.

>> TY, DIVERSITY IS I WORTHY THING.

WE ARE A DIVERSE NATION.

CERTAINLY MORE DIVERSE THAN WE USED TO BE.

SO WOULDN'T YOU SAY OR WOULD YOU SAY THAT DEI IS A WORTHY GOAL?

>> I GO FROM MY MILITARY AND WE HAVE HAD DEI SINCE THE EARLY 18970s.

Y WE WENT FROM HAVING .2% BLACK OFFICERS IN 1970 TO MUCH MORE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATION AS A WHOLE.

IT REALLY HELPED SOLVE AND FIX THE ARMY AND WE WENT FROM A BROKEN MILITARY IN 1991 TO THE TOP THE WORLD.

ALL THE FOLKS THAT ARE SAYING TO GET RID OF ALL THESE PROGRAMS, THEY'RE DOING IT WITH A BROAD BRUSH AND TO QUOTE THE GREAT PHILOSOPHER, TAYLOR SWIFT, HATERS ARE GOING TO HATE, HATE, HATE, HATE.

IT'S TOO BROAD A BRUSH AND THEY'RE THROWING EVERYTHING OUT WHEN IN FACT THERE HAVE BEEN SO MANY AMAZING THINGS THAT HAVE COME FROM EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND DEI PRACTICES.

SO I WOULD URGE ALL THE STATES THAT ARE DOING THIS TO COME BACK.

AND THE ORGANIZATIONS, THE SCHOOLS TRK PARTICULARLY KNOW WHAT THEY'RE DOING.

IN OUR DEI, IT'S BULLYING TO GO AFTER THE TWO PEOPLE.

THEY DON'T CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, ADMISSIONS, THEY DON'T CONTROL FACULTY OR ANYTHING OF THOSE THINGS.

>> I JUST WANT TO SAY I AGREE THAT THERE IS QUITE A BIT OF OVERREACH THAT'S HAPPENED IN DEI.

I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN SMALL D, SMALL E, SMALL I AND CAPITAL D, CAPITAL E, CAPITAL I WHERE IT HAS BEEN TURNED INTO AN INDUSTRY.

BUT WHAT REALLY CONCERNS ME IS THAT THE PEOPLE THAT ARE THE LOUDEST OPPONENTS TO THIS, I THINK, ARE DISINGENUOUS AND EVEN HYPOCRITICAL BECAUSE I'M OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER WHEN GEORGE WALLACE STOOD IN THE SCHOOLHOUSE DOOR AND SAID WE ARE GOING TO HAVE A RACE BASED ENROLLMENT PROGRAM.

WE ARE NOT GOING TO ALLOW BLACKS IN.

MANY OF THE GROUPS THAT ARE VERY MUCH AGAINST DEI WERE QUITE SILENT DURING THAT TIME.

>> LUKE, SHOULD RACE AND OTHER IDENTITIES BE A BASIS FOR PUBLIC POLICY?

>> IT'S CERTAINLY A CONSIDERATION.

I MEAN RACE HAS BEEN THE MOST POLITICALLY DIVISIVE ISSUE IN OUR COUNTRY'S HISTORY, SO TO NOT TAKE THAT INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN YOU ARE BOO DEALING WITH PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES DOESN'T MAKE A LOT OF SENSE TO ME.

TO NINA'S POINT, I THINK FEAR IS NOT A GOOD JUSTIFICATION FOR PUSHING BACK AGAINST DEI.

IT'S PALPABLE ON AN EMOTIONAL LEVEL.

I'M NOT TRYING TO DISMISS THAT.

IT IS NOT A GOOD SOLID DECISION MAKING.

WHEN I THINK OF DEI PROGRAMMING, I WOULD THINK WE WOULD ALL SUBSCRIBE TO THE PREMISE THAT MAKING OR HELPING TO BUILD AN INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE WHERE PEOPLE ARE SMARTER, MORE UNDERSTANDING OF PEOPLE'S CHALLENGES, AND MORE EMPATHETIC, IS GOING TO LEAD TO A MORE PLEASANT AND PRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT.

SO THE IMPLEMENTATION MATTERS, BUT I THINK WE SHOULDN'T LOSE SIGHT OF THE CORE VALUES AND PREMISE THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT.

>> TARA, SOME OF THE PUSHBACK AGAINST DEI HAS LED TO CERTAIN THINGS NOT BEING TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

THINGS LIKE A HISTORY OF RACISM OR THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES TOWARDS NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE 1850s AND LATER.

SO WHERE DO YOU COME DOWN ON THAT ISSUE?

>> WELL, I THINK THERE ARE TWO PROBLEMS.

FIRST OF ALL, YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT THE PEOPLE THAT ARE TYPICALLY RAISING THESE ISSUES, EITHER ARE POLITICIANS AND THOSE WHO WORK WITH THEM, WHO LITERALLY HAVE GONE AND SEARCHED THROUGH SCHOOL LIBRARIES, PUBLIC LIBRARIES, YOU KNOW, I HAVE A FRIEND WHO IS A LIBRARIAN AND ANECDOTALLY TOLD ME EVERY TIME THEY WOULD HAVE A PROGRAM DURING ONE OF THESE CELEBRATORY MONTHS, THERE WAS A GENTLEMAN WHO WOULD COME AND TAKE PICTURES AND SHE HAD TO STOP HIM FROM GOING INTO THE CHILDREN'S ROOM.

THAT'S AN AN AREA YOU CAN TAKE PICTURES IN EVEN THOUGH THIS IS A PUBLIC LIBRARY BUT THAT'S WHAT THE GENTLEMAN WAS DOING.

HE WAS TAKING PICTURES TO SEE WHO WAS ACTUALLY SHOWING UP AT THESE PROGRAMS.

SO THAT'S THE FIRST THICK WE NEED TO REMEMBER.

THAT MOST OF PEOPLE WHO ARE COMPLAINING ABOUT THIS, EITHER START WITH AN AGENDA OR THEY HAVE BEEN POLITICIZED BY AN AGENDA.

AND THEY HAVE BEEN ENCOURAGED TO SEE VARIOUS PROGRAMMING, VARIOUS TYPES OF POLICIES AS BEING ABOUT DEI, WHEN IT REALLY IS ABOUT DIVERSIFICATION OF THE WORKFORCE, DIVERSIFICATION OF THE RESOURCES IN THE SCHOOL LIBRARY.

AND EVEN IF YOU JUST TAKE SCHOOL LIBRARIES, NO ONE FORCES YOU TO GO TO THE LIBRARY AND LOOK AT THOSE BOOKS.

THEY'RE JUST THERE SO THAT EVERYONE SEES REFERENCES, SEES MATERIAL THAT REFLECT THEIR CULTURE OR INTEREST OR ETC.

THAT'S WHAT A LIBRARY SHOULD DO.

AND A BUSINESS, YOU WANT A DIVERSE POPULATION BECAUSE MOST BUSINESSES DEAL WITH A DIVERSE POPULATION.

THEY SELL, THEY PRODUCE FOR A DIVERSE POPULATION.

SO THAT IS THE FIRST THING.

AND THE SECOND THING THAT I ALSO THINK IS THAT WE NEED TO BE BETTER PREPARED, BOTH AS A SOCIETY, BUT ALSO AS VARYING TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS TO PUSH BACK WHEN SOMEONE SAYS THIS IS ABOUT DEI.

IT'S NOT REALLY ABOUT DIVERSIFICATION.

IT'S NOT REALLY ABOUT IMPROVING YOUR PROFIT LINE, ET CETERA.

WE NEED TO BE BETTER PREPARED TO PUSH BACK AND WITH MORE NUANCE.

>> YEAH, I ALSO THINK THAT-- AND SO HERE IS WHERE I'M GOING TO DISAGREE A LITTLE BIT WITH MOST OF THE VERY STRONG SUPPORT OF DEI, WHICH I ALSO STRONGLY SUPPORT.

BUT I THINK WE HAVE SOME CONCEPTUALIZATION ISSUES HERE.

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY DIVERSITY?

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY EQUITY AND ALSO WHAT DO WE MEAN BY INCLUSIVITY?

IF DIVERSITY IS UNDERSTAND TO MEET HETEROGENE EIGHT, THAT IS ANYONE WHO IS DIFFERENCE, THAT TAKES IN 80% OF THE U.S. POPULATION BECAUSE EVERYBODY IS DIFFERENT IN SOME WAY AND IF ITS EQUITY 678 EQUITY IN WHAT TERMS?

EQUITY IN TERMS OF ACCESS OR RESULTS?

AND I'LL THROW IN THE LAST PIECE THAT DEI IS SORT OF AN OUT GROWTH OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION THAT WAS ORIGINALLY TIED TO THE REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE OF THOSE WHO ARE MARGINALIZED.

NOT JUST THOSE WHO ARE DIFFERENT.

AND SO DEI DOES NOT TAKE THAT INTO ACCOUNT.

SO MANY WHO DON'T HAVE ACCESS AND MEANS TO WEALTH, WOULD BE, YOU KNOW, NOT BASICALLY BENEFICIARIES OF DEI BECAUSE HETEROGENEITY TRUMPS THE KIND OF OLD FASHIONED DIVERSITY.

>> WE DIDN'T TALK ABOUT, THOUGH, THE IDEOLOGY PART OF YOUR QUESTION THOUGH AND WE ARE DANCING AROUND IT, WHICH IS, LOOK, THE ECONOMISTS HAVE A GREAT PIECE A COUPLE WEEKS AGO ABOUT HOW ON THE RIGHT, THE POLITICS OF GRIEVANCE HAVE MANIFESTED ITSELF AS CENTRAL OWE PHONE PHOBIA AND NATIONALISM BUT ON THE LEFT SOME OF THE DEIOLOGY THAT DENIES AGENCY IN FAVOR OF OPPRESSIVE WORLD VIEW, SO WHEN PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING GENUINE ABOUT THEIR OBJECTIONS TO DEI, BUT THEY'RE FOCUSING ON THAT, THERE IS SOME LEGITIMACY THERE.

>> WE'LL LEAVE THAT RIGHT THERE.

THE ALABAMA SUPREME COURT LAST WEEK RULED THAT FROZEN HUMAN EMBRYOS ARE CHILDREN AND SOMEONE COULD BE LIABLE FOR DESTROYING THEM.

THAT DECISION SHOOK UP REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE, PEOPLE TRYING TO CONCEIVE THROUGH IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION, AND MAYBE EVEN THE FALL ELECTIONS.

AT LEAST 11 STATES HAVE DEFINED "PERSONHOOD" AS BEGINNING AT FERTILIZATION, SO THIS DECISION COULD REACH WELL BEYOND ALABAMA.

RICK, RIGHT TO THE QUESTION THAT THE COURT HAD TO DECIDE, IS A FEATHER SIZED FROZEN EGG THE SAME AS A CHILD?

>> ACCORDING TO ALABAMA LAW, YES.

THEY ESSENTIALLY SAID THAT LIFE BEGINS AT FERTILIZATION AND THAT AN UNBORN CHILD SHOULD BE TREATED THE SAME AS A BORN CHILD.

>> WHAT ABOUT ACCORDING TO RICK FENNER?

>> WELL, LET ME FIRST SAY I THINK THE COURT GOT IT RIGHT.

WHEN WE TALKED ABOUT THIS ISSUE A COUPLE MONTHS AGO ON "IVORY TOWER," I SAID THAT I THOUGHT THAT PROPONENTS OF THE LAW HAD NOT THOROUGHLY THOUGHT THROUGH BOTH THE LEGAL AND THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DEFINING LIFE AS BEGINNING AT CONCEPTION.

AND I THINK WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW IN ALABAMA HAS PROVEN THAT CORRECT BECAUSE THE POLITICIANS THERE ARE NOW SCRAMBLING BECAUSE OF THE SUPREME COURT RULING AND THE BACKLASH AGAINST IT.

AND SO THEY'VE NOW SAID WELL, NO, LIFE BEGINS AT CONCEPTION BUT ONLY WHEN THE EGG HAS BEEN IMPLANTED IN A UTERUS AND THAT'S RIDICULOUS.

IF YOU BELIEVE LIFE STARTS AT CONCEPTION, IT SHOULDN'T MATTER IF YOU HAVE A FROZEN EMBRYO OR UNFROZEN EMBRYO OR PLANTED OR NOT.

THE POLITICIANS HAVE FOUND THAT THE PUBLIC IS NOT AGREEING WITH THE RHETORIC OF THE LAW AND ARE TRYING TO GO INTO CONTORTIONS TRYING TO FIX THINGS.

THE FIRST CASE OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES WE ARE GOING TO SEE FROM TRYING TO DEFINE LIFE AS STARTING AT INCEPTION.

>> SO THERE IS A DIRECT LINE OF REASONING THAT LIFE BEGINS AT CONCEPTION TO AN EMBRYO IS A CHILD.

TARA?

>> WELL, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I WAS STRUCK BY IS THE FACT THAT EVEN EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS ARE BEGINNING TO HAVE A PROBLEM WITH THE NOTION THAT LIFE BEGINS OR RATHER THAT YOU CAN HAVE A LIFE IF YOU DON'T HAVE A HEARTBEAT.

SO I THINK AS RICK CORRECTLY STATED, THAT'S PART OF THE CONFUSION HERE IS OKAY, WHEN DID THIS CONCEPTION REALLY OCCUR?

DID IT OCCUR WHEN, YOU KNOW, THE TWO COMPONENTS ARE BROUGHT TOGETHER IN THE TEST TUBE OR DOES THE CONCEPTION REALLY BEGIN WHEN IT'S IMPLANTED INTO THE MOTHER AND IT'S FERTILIZED?

AND SO EVEN EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS ARE STRUGGLING WITH THE NOTION THAT OKAY, EMBRYO REALLY IS A LIFE EVEN THOUGH IT DOESN'T HAVE A LIFE UNTIL IT'S INSIDE THE MOTHER'S WOMB.

>> I THINK WHAT THIS CONVERSATION HAS VERY ACCURATELY DEPICTED SO FAR IS THAT THE FALL OF ROE V. WADE REALLY JUST SORT OF THREW OUT OF THE WINDOW ANY SORT OF STANDARDS BY WHICH ANY LAW COULD BE JUDGED WHEN IT COMES TO CONCEPTION.

SO WITH THE ROE V. WADE TRIMESTER FRAMEWORK, WE COULD LOOK TO SCIENCE TO AT LEAST HELP US DECIDE WHAT IS THE POINT OF VIABILITY OR A FETUS AND WHERE OR WHAT ARE THE CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THE LIFE OF THE MOTHER ARE THREATENED.

BUT NOW WE DON'T HAVE THAT SO WE ARE FALLING BACK ON WHATEVER A STATE LAWMAKER'S OPINION IS.

AND OFTEN THOSE THINGS ARE INFLUENCED BY RELIGION.

BUT I JUST WANT TO OFFER A COUPLE OF OTHER THINGS INTO THIS CONVERSATION.

WHICH IS THAT THIS WHOLE THING ABOUT IVF NOW THROWS INTO THE MIX OF THINGS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOME OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED CONTRACEPTIVES ARE ALSO GOING TO BE AXED INCLUDING THOSE THAT PREVENT THE ATTACHMENT OF A FERTILIZED EGG TO THE WALL OF THE UTERUS.

SO THAT'S COMING, IF IT IS ABOUT FERTILIZATION.

BUT HERE IS ONE OF MY CYNICAL THINKING ABOUT ALL OF THIS.

ALL OF A SUDDEN ROE V. WADE IS A HUGE PROBLEM NOW THAT WHITE WOMEN'S BIRTH RATE IS NOW TRUMPED BY THE BIRTH RATE OF OTHER GROUPS.

>> SO IN DOBBS, WHICH OVERTURNED ROE, THE SUPREME COURT SAID THAT STATES HAVE A LEGITIMATE INTEREST IN THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF PRENATAL LIFE AT ALL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.

SO LEADING TO THE IVF QUESTION THEN, ARE WE LIKELY TO SEE THE STATES, A NUMBER OF STATES BEGIN TO BAN THE PROCEDURE.

>> PERSONHOOD LAWS AND THOSE 11 STATES ARE GOING DO THAT.

I JUST WANT TO SAY HOW DEVASTATED I AM FOR THE FAMILIES IN ALABAMA GOING THROUGH THIS THAT ARE IN THE PROCESS OF HAVING IMPLANTATION AND NOW CAN'T DO IT.

CAN YOU IMAGINE WHAT IT'S LIKE?

THERE ARE 60,000 IVF CHILDREN BORN EVERY YEAR.

3 AND THE IDEA THAT THIS-- I AGREE WITH RICK, PERSONHOOD MEANS THIS IS THE LAW.

AND THAT'S WHAT THEY CREATED.

BUT YOU KNOW THAT ALLEGED AFTER APHORISM ABOUT THE DOG CATCHING THE TRUCK, IT'S LIKE A POODLE CATCHING A MACK TRUCK.

IT'S GOING TO REALLY HAVE HIVE GLIEF THIS IS NOT GOING TO LAST.

THEY HAVE SEEN-- THEY ARE SCRAMBLING RIGHT NOW TO REVERSE THIS.

AND THIS IS WHAT I THINK IS GOING TO END UP.

THEY'RE GOING TO FIND OUT THAT ALL OF THESE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES ARE GOING TO RESULT FROM THIS LAW.

>> BUT EARLIER THEY RULED IN A MORALLY CONSISTENT WAY.

THEY BELIEVE THAT LIFE BEGINS AT CONCEPTION, THEN THEY'RE CORRECT.

AND, YOU KNOW, THERE IS A LEGITIMATE QUESTION THAT WE DO HAVE TO ASK THOUGH, AND THAT IS WHEN DOES LIFE BEGIN?

AND YOU KNOW, PRO-LIFE GROUPS, INCLUDING THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC REGISTER, WILL ASK QUESTIONS LIKE IF A PREGNANT WOMAN IS ASSAULTED AND LOSES THE FETUS OR EMBRYO THAT SHE IS CARRYING IS THAT AN INJURY THAT WE AS A SOCIETY SHOULD PUNISH THE ASSAILANT, HOLD THE THE ASSAILANT ACCOUNTABLE?

I ASK THAT QUESTION BECAUSE IT POINTS TO THE IMPORTANCE OF DEFINING WHEN LIFE BEGINS AND IN A SCENARIO IN WHICH THE AGENCY OR PARENTAL AGENCY HAS BEEN COMPLETELY REMOVED.

SO YOU NEED TO HAVE QUESTIONS LIKE THIS AND WHETHER YOUR ANSWER IS CONCEPTION OR IMPLANTATION OR NINE MONTHS OR WHAT SCIENCE SAYS IS VIABLE, I THINK.

VIABILITY.

SO THERE ARE NO CLEAR ANSWERS.

>> I WAS JUST GOING TO SAY TWO-THIRDS OF THE AMERICANS DO NOT BELIEVE THAT LIFE BEGINS AT CONCEPTION.

HERE WE HAVE THE CASE-- I DON'T KNOW THE EXACT NUMBERS IN ALABAMA, IT'S PROBABLY GOING TO BE LOWER OF COURSE BUT HERE IS A CASE WHERE A MINORITY PERSPECTIVE IS DICTATING PUBLIC POLICY WITH A WHOLE HOST OF IMPLICATIONS.

>> THIS ISN'T A MINORITY THOUGH.

THIS PASSED FOR THE ALABAMA CONSTITUTION, WITH 57% OF THE VOTE.

SO TO HAVE A PERSONHOOD SO THAT'S WHY YOU COULD SEE WHERE ALABAMA WOULD CHANGE THE LAW OF THIS BUT THEY CAN'T GET IT THROUGH THE SUPREME COURT BECAUSE IT'S PART OF THE CONSTITUTION.

>> BUT I DON'T THINK CITIZENS THINK THROUGH THE IMPLICATIONS.

ARE WE GOING TO INVESTIGATE EVERY MISCARRIAGE THAT DOESN'T LEAD TO A BIRTH.

THIS IS JUST A WRONGFUL DEATH OF A MINOR ACT.

ARE WE GOING TO HAVE DEATH CERTIFICATES FOR EVERY FETUS THAT DOESN'T GET BORN?

I MEAN THE GOVERNMENT, FOR ME, IS ABOUT PRACTICAL PAB SOLVING PROBLEM SOLVING AND I BELIEVE THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING A MORAL STAND BUT THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS IT'S SO DIFFICULT TO DIRECTLY APPLY RELIGIOUS VIEWS INTO PUBLIC POLICY MAKING BECAUSE MORAL SLOWTS DID NOT FIT WELL WITH PRACTICAL DECISIONS PEOPLE HAVE TO MAKE WITH EFERRED LIFE.

>> I THINK THE OTHER QUESTION THAT COMES UP HERE IS DO WE WANT TO LEAVE SUCH IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO THE 50 STATES TO DECIDE SO THAT THEY COULD DESIPHON 50 DIFFERENT WAYS FOR WOMEN TO BE SUBJECT TO 50 DIFFERENT STANDARDS.

THAT IS WHY IT SHOULD HAVE REMAINED A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT BACKED BY THE 14th AMENDMENT.

>> BUT THE SUPREME COURT THREW THE BABY OUT WITH THE BATH WATER.

>> TO PUN A PHRASE.

THAT IS WHY FOLKS TO KNOWLEDGE VERY STRONGLY WITH WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, HAVE TO VOTE.

>> OKAY.

WE ARE GOING TO LEAVE THAT RIGHT THERE.

TWO YEARS AGO, TEXAS BEGAN BUSING RECENTLY ARRIVED MIGRANTS NORTH TO NEW YORK CITY.

MORE THAN 180 THOUSAND HAVE SINCE ARRIVED.

NEW YORK IS A SANCTUARY CITY, IN THAT IT LIMITS POLICE COOPERATION WITH FEDERAL IMMIGRATION AUTHORITIES.

MAYOR ERIC ADAMS HAS SAID HE DOESN'T WANT TO CHANGE THAT, BUT NOW AFTER A HIGH -PROFILE MURDER, HE SAYS HE WANTS TO DEPORT MIGRANTS SUSPECTED --BUT NOT YET CONVICTED --OF SERIOUS CRIMES.

SO, TARA, AT THIS POINT, SHOULD ANY CITY BE A SANCTUARY CITY?

>> NO.

BUT THEY SHOULDN'T BE A SANCTUARY CITY NOT BECAUSE OF THE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SANCTUARY COMPONENT BUT BECAUSE MOST OF THESE DECISIONS ABOUT BEING A SANCTUARY CITY WERE NOT PUT TO A VOTE BY THE PEOPLE IN THE CITY.

USUALLY, WHICH EVER GROUP WAS IN POWER AT THE TIME THAT THE DECISION WAS MADE.

NOW IN SOME WAYS, FOR EXAMPLE, LIKE BERKELEY, WHICH IS CREDITED AS BEING THE FIRST SANCTUARY CITY SINCE AT LEAST SINCE THE 1970s, PROBABLY MOST FOLKS IF YOU PUT IT TO A VOTE, WOULD HAVE AGREED.

BUT IN MANY OTHER CITIES LIKE NEW YORK CITY, HAD YOU PUT IT TO A VOTE WHETHER THE PEOPLE IN NEW YORK CITY WANTED TO BE A SANCTUARY CITY, AND HAD YOU ALSO REMOVED THE SORT OF ANGST AGAINST TRUMP AND HIS IMMIGRATION POLICIES, I'M WONDERING IF THE VAST MAJORITY OF NEW YORKERS WOULD HAVE SAID THEY WANTED TO BE A SANCTUARY CITY.

THE SECOND PROBLEM IS THAT EVEN IF YOU COULD GET MOST OF THE PEOPLE IN A CITY TO AGREE THAT WE SHOULD BE A SANCTUARY CITY, NO ONE COULD HAVE FORESEEN THE MASSIVE INFLUX OF IMMIGRANTS AT THAT TIME WE'VE HAD SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION.

NO ONE WAS PREPARED FOR THAT MANY PEOPLE TO COME INTO AMERICA.

>> LUKE.

>> I HAVE TWO COMPETING PERSPECTIVES IN MY OWN MIND ON THIS.

AS A HUMAN BEING, THE HISTORY OF SANCTUARY CITIES IN THIS COUNTRY AND THROUGHOUT RECORDED HISTORY, I THINK, IS VERY COMPELLING, TO TRY TO HELP PEOPLE FLEEING PERSECUTION AND WAR AND GIVE THEM REFUGE SO THEY CAN HAVE A BETTER LIFE FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR KIDS IF I WAS IN THAT SITUATION, I WOULD HOPE DESPERATELY THAT SOMEBODY WOULD HELP ME IN THAT SITUATION.

SO AS A HUMAN BEING, I FIND THAT COMPELLING.

AS A FORMER PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR, IT'S MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO SUPPORT THE IDEA OF SANCTUARY CITY IN THE SENSE THAT YOUR PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES INVOLVE ORDER, SECURITY, GENERAL WELFARE AND, AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, I WOULD BE VERY CAUTIOUS TO TRY TO TIE WHAT MYSELF AND GOVERNMENTS OR OTHERS COULD OR COULD NOT DO.

SO I THINK A NUANCED APPROACH.

IF YOU HAVE SOMEONE BROUGHT HERE AS A CHILD AT THE AGE OF 2 FOR ALL INTENTS AND PURPOSES IS AN AMERICAN, THAT PERSON SHOULD NOT BE DEPORTED OUT OF A COMMUNITY.

I CAN ALSO SEE SITUATIONS WHERE THERE ARE PEOPLE IN THIS COUNTRY, WHO ARE DOING THINGS THAT ARE A DANGER TO OTHERS AND THEY SHOULD NOT REMAIN IN IN COUNTRY.

>> GO AHEAD.

>> ON THIS ISSUE, I THINK IT'S USEFUL TO UNDERSTAND WHAT SUBSIDIARY IS A NATURAL LAW OF PRINCIPLES.

THAT ISSUES SHOULD BE RESOLVED AS LOCALLY AS POSSIBLE.

WHEN IT COMES TO SOMETHING LIKE IMMIGRATION,THAT IMPLIES IT IS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT NEEDS TO CREATE THE LAWS AND TO ENFORCE THEM BUT LOCAL POLICE BY CONTRAST, THEY'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THEIR LOCAL COMMUNITIES.

AND THERE IS PLENTY OF ECONOMIC EVIDENCE THAT, INCLUDING WORK BY MONICA AT SYRACUSE MAXWELL SCHOOL THAT SANCTUARY CITIES IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE POPULATION BY ALLOWING THE LEGAL IMMIGRANTS TO REPORT A CRIME OR TO VISIT A HOSPITAL WITHOUT THE FEAR OF DEPORTATION.

AND THAT'S WHY NEW YORK MAYORS STARTING WITH ED KOCH AND EVEN GOING THROUGH RUDY GIULIANI WERE IN FAVOR OF THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS SUPPORTING NEW YORK'S SANCTUARY CITY.

>> WHEN RUDY GIULIANI RAN FOR PRESIDENT IN, HE WAS ATTACKED BECAUSE HE SUPPORTED SANCTUARY CITIES.

I'M SURPRISED WE HAD THOMAS AQUINAS IN THIS DISCUSSION AND NOT THE PREVIOUS ONE WHERE LIFE BEGINS.

NINA, YOU WANT TO JUMP IN?

>> FIRST IT HAS TO BE SAID THAT THIS GROWING TREND OF ASSOCIATING MIGRANT STATUS WITH CRIMES THAT ARE COMMITTED IS DEEPLY TROUBLING.

I DON'T BELIEVE THAT THERE IS ANY SUCH THING AS MIGRANT CRIME, NOR, FOR THAT MATTER, DO I BELIEVE THERE IS SUCH A THING AS BLACK CRIME.

AND THE COUNTRY SEEMS TO BE OKAY WITH NOT RECOGNIZING THE IDEA THAT THERE IS WHITE CRIME.

CRIME HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY SHOWN TO BE MOST STRONGLY CORRELATED WITH POVERTY, WITH SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS.

SO I JUST WANT TO THROW THAT OUT THERE IN HOPES THAT WE WILL RETHINK HOW WE ARE FRAMING THIS ISSUE AND SO THE LOGICAL EXTENSION OF THAT IS, IT IS WRONG TO FOR MAYOR ADAMS TO TREAT MIGRANTS WHO ARE SUSPECTED OF COMMITTING CRIMES DIFFERENTLY THAN OTHER GROUPS BASED ON THEIR MIGRANT STATUS.

BUT JUST TO OAK ECHO A COUPLE THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN MENTIONED AND THAT IS WE ARE EXPERIENCING RECORD LEVELS OF IMMIGRATION.

WE ARE LIVING IN A TIME THAT IS UNLIKE ANY OTHER, AND IT'S VERY CLEAR THAT THE CITIES AND STATESLER THESE ILLEGAL UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS ARE GOING, CANNOT ABSORB THEM IN THE WAY THAT WE WOULD LIKE AND THE CONSEQUENCE IS THAT TOUGH DECISIONS ARE HAVING TO BE MADE ABOUT FINITE PUBLIC FUNDS.

CITIES DON'T HAVE UNLIMITED FUNDS.

STATES DON'T HAVE UNLIMITED FUNDS AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, I HAVE TO SAY, HAS BEEN FULLY DERELICT IN ITS RESPONSIBILITY TO HELP WITH THIS AND SO THE RESULT OF ALL OF THAT IS THAT NOW THEY'RE GROWING ANTI-IMMIGRANT SENTIMENT ON THE PART OF OTHER MINORITY COMMUNITIES WHO ARE BEING DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY THIS.

>> RICK, I SAW A HEAD LUN THE OTHER DAY, HEAD AN ARTICLE THAT SAID SOME OF THE ECONOMIC GROWTH, A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE ECONOMIC GROWTH WE HAVE RIGHT NOW IS BECAUSE OF THIS SURGE OF PEOPLE THAT HAS COME IN THE LAST FEW YEARS.

>> THE STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT IMMIGRATION CAN HAVE A POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY.

BOTH LEGAL AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION.

I THINK PART OF THIS PROBLEM IS, UNFORTUNATELY, DUE TO THE DEMOCRATS BEING DISMISSIVE OF THE PROBLEMS IN TEXAS WHEN THIS SURGE STARTED, AND SO IT TOOK STUNTS OF GOVERNOR ABBOTT AND GOVERNOR DeSANTIS TO SHOW THE LIBERAL PARTS OF THIS COUNTRY THAT DEALING WITH THE IMMIGRATION SURGE WAS GOING TO BE MUCH MORE DIFFICULT.

AND SO, YOU KNOW, COMING TO ROOST, BUT I DO AGREE THAT IT'S TIME THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STEPS UP AND HELPS BECAUSE THE NUMBER ARE IMMIGRANTS TO NEW YORK CITY AND OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY IS EXCEEDING THE AMOUNT OF RESOURCES THAT LOCALITIES HAVE TO DEAL WITH.

>> YOU KNOW WHAT I THINK WE NEED HERE DAVE, IS HISTORY.

>> SO HERE IS MY QUESTION.

YOU MENTIONED TEXAS AND GOVERNOR ABBOTT HAS BEEN DEFYING FEDERAL AUTHORITY AND OTHER REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS HAVE BEEN ENCOURAGING THAT'S.

AND I'M THEIR I'M I'M THINKING HAVEN'T WE BEEN DOWN THAT ROAD BEFORE.

>> THE 19 STWENTS.

WE SAY WE HAVE NEVER HAD THIS LEVEL OF IMMIGRATION.

WE HAVE.

IN 1920 WE WERE ALMOST 15% FOREIGN BORN.

IN 1925 THEY PASSED THE IMMIGRATION ACT.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS WAS TO REALLY TO ENSURE THAT ONLY WHITE PEOPLE CAME TO AMERICA.

WHAT THAT MEANT IS NONE OF THOSE ITALIANS, NONE OF THOSE GREEKS OR SOUTHERN EUROPEANS.

GUESS WHAT?

IT WORKED.

BY 1960 WE ARE DOWN TO 5% FOREIGN BORN.

1965 IS THE NATURAL IMMIGRATION ACT PASSED.

HE SAID BRING THOSE WHO CAN CONTRIBUTE.

AMEND THAT BEGINS WHAT IS AN AMAZING PERIOD OF GROWTH FOR AMERICA.

BUT GUESS WHERE WE ARE RIGHT NOW?

WE ARE ALMOST AT 14%.

AND WITH 14% FOREIGN BORN, THAT MEANS WE ALSO HAVE A POPULOUS NATIVIST MOVEMENT SO I THINK ERIC ADAMS AND OTHERS ARE DOING, ARE SAYING TO THE POPULISM, SAYING HEY, LET ME GIVE YOU A SOB BUT THEY'RE NOT CHANGING POLICY.

>> I CANNOT QUESTION THE HISTORIAN ON THE PANEL ABOUT THAT.

>> BUT YOU ARE GOING TO.

>> A TINY BIT.

BUT HERE IS WHAT I AM GOING TO SAY AND CERTAINLY THERE ARE THE BOOK ENDS, RIGHT, WHERE THERE WAS A HUGE SPIKE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1900s AND THEN AFTER THE 1965 CHANGE.

BUT HERE IS THE REALITY.

THE REALITY IS THIS: BACK IN THE DAY THAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT, THERE WERE ETHNIC COMMUNITIES THAT COULD BRING IN THOSE IMMIGRANTS AND HELP THEM TO ACCLIMATE AND FIND JOBS AND SO FORTH.

WHAT WE ARE FINDING IN CHICAGO IS THAT MIGRANTS ARE HAVING TO BE HOUSED IN POLICE STATIONS AND THE MAYOR THERE HAS TO TURN TO A PLAN TO CREATE TENTS OUTSIDE.

I DON'T THINK THAT THIS HAS A PRECEDENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

>> NEW ORLEANS THEY LYNCHED 12 ITALIANS AROUND 1900.

>> MAYOR ADAMS PROBLEM IS WITH HIS RIGHT TO SHELTER LAWS.

>> HE DOESN'T HAVE ANY CHOICE IN THAT.

THAT WAS A COURT ORDER THAT HAVE YOU TO PROVIDE SHELTER.

I WANT TO GET TARA IN.

>> I THINK WE NEED TO ADDRESS A BIGGER, BROADER ISSUE IN THIS COUNTRY AND THAT IS WHAT ARE WE?

WHAT I MEAN BY THAT IS THIS: YOU HAVE THE STATUE OF LIBERTY, GIVE ME YOUR TIRED, YOUR HUNGRY, YOUR POOR, ET CETERA.

THAT WAS WORKED VERY WELL FOR AMERICA WITH, YOU KNOW,AND WE HAVE BEEN WELCOMING OTHERS.

WE HAVE BEEN NON-WELCOMING OF IT OVER THE YEARS.

PAR OF IT IS PART OF A BIGGER DISCUSSION THAT WE SHOULD BE HAVING AND DON'T WANT TO HAVE ABOUT ARE WE STILL GOING TO BE THAT NATION THAT THE STATUTE THE STATUE OF LIBERTY ENVISIONED OR ARE WEEING GOING TO BE MUCH MORE INSULATED INSULAR MUCH MORE ISOLATE COUNTRY.

WILL AMERICA BE AMERICA IF WE BECOME ISOLATIONIST.

>> HOW MUCH OF THIS IS THE FACT THAT AMERICA WILL BE SOON A MAJORITY MINORITY NATION?

>> IT'S ABSOLUTELY A PART OF IT.

AND THIS IS WHERE DEMOCRATS/LIBERALS NEED TO BE MUCH MORE SENSITIVE BECAUSE WHILE CERTAINLY YOU MIGHT NOT WANT TO GIVE ANY CREDENCE TO THAT, PEOPLE WHO ARE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT THIS OVERWHELMING INFLUX OF I AM IMMIGRANTS, WHAT IT MEANS TORE AMERICA'S TRADITIONS, THEN YOU ADD TO THOSE IMMIGRANTS, OF COURSE, THE ANGST WE ARE HAVING AS WE'VE ALREADY TALKED ABOUT ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE A MUCH MORE DIVERSE, MUCH MORE INCLUSIVE SOCIETY.

YOU MIGHT NOT AGREE WITH THOSE INDIVIDUALS BUT WE DO NEED TO BE MUCH MORE RESPECTFUL OF THEIR CONCERNS AND OF THEIR FEARS.

IT'S THAT LACK OF RESPECT THAT IS PART OF WHAT HAS LED TO THIS OBVIOUSLY RACISM AND IT IS PART OF HOW WE HAVE GOTTEN HERE.

>> I THINK THAT'S VERY THOUGHTFUL.

I HAVE A HARD TIME BEING PATIENT AND UNDERSTANDING WITH WHITE NATIONALISTS.

I MEAN I THINK THAT IDEA HAS COME AND IT'S DEAD.

AND IT NEEDS TO BE THOROUGHLY DEFEATED AND ERADICATED FROM FOR THE SECOND YEAR IN A ROW, THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE HAVE FAILED TO MEET THEIR RECRUITING GOALS.

THE MARINES MADE THEIRS •BY A GRAND TOTAL OF 21 RECRUITS.

ONE REASON IS FEWER WHITES ARE SIGNING UP-THE NUMBER OF WHITE RECRUITS FOR THE ARMY HAS DROPPED 43 PERCENT OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS.

WITH NUMBERS FALLING, AND WITH A GROWING AWARENESS THAT DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE NO LONGER INTERACT AS THEY DID DURING MANDATORY MILITARY SERVICE, IS IT TIME FOR SOME SORT OF NATIONAL SERVICE REQUIREMENT, WHICH COULD INCLUDE MILITARY AS WELL AS OTHER POSITIONS?

>> MANDATORY NATIONAL SERVICE IS A TERRIBLE IDEA.

FOUR MILLION MEN AND WOMEN TURN 18 EVERY YEAR IN AMERICA.

THAT'S TWICE THE SIZE OF THE CURRENT ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE MARINE, INCLUDING THE RESERVES AND THE NATIONAL GUARD.

SO HOW ARE YOU GOING TO TO DO 4 MILLION PEOPLE A YEAR.

THE BUREAUCRACY IS HUGE.

IF YOU ARE GOING TO TAKE SO MANY, WHO DECIDES THAT?

YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE THE VERY POOR GO IN AND YOU ONLY GET THEM FOR A YEAR IN THE MILITARY WHICH IS NOT HELPFUL EITHER.

SO IS THERE A RECRUITING CRISIS?

THERE IS ALWAYS A RECRUITING CRISIS WHEN THE LABOR MARKET IS HOT.

THAT'S WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW.

WE'LL GET THROUGH IT.

A PERSON I KNOW TWO-STAR GENERAL IN CHARGE OF THE RECRUITING TASK FORCE OF THE ARM ARMY SAID IT IS GETTING BETTER.

REENLISTMENTS WERE HIGH.

SHOULD WE LOOK AT CHANGING SOMETHING.

THREE THINGS WE NEED TO LOOK AT.

MORE IMMIGRANTS NEED TO BE ABLE TO SERVE AND IT'S A FAST TRACK TO CITIZENSHIP WE NO LONGER NEED THE SAME STANDARDS AS WE HAD FOR THE.

THAT YOU HAVE TO BE A HIGH SCHOOL GRAD.

WE ARE MORE OBESE THAN WE HAVE EVER BEEN.

WE HAVE TO RELAX THOSE STANDARDS AS WELL.

ADHD MEDICINE KICKS YOU OUT AND PROBABLY SHOULDN'T.

AND WE NEED TO STOP POLITICIANS ON THE RIGHT DENIGRATING THE MILITARY AND SAYING IT'S A WOKE MILITARY.

THE MILITARY IS DEPLOYED IN HUNDREDS OF COUNTRIES OVER THE WORLD.

THEY'RE NOT REALLY WOKE.

IT WOULD BE NICE IF THE MAG ON THES STOP TALKING ABOUT THE MILITARY.

>> I DIDN'T SEE THE OBESE PART COMING, BUT, OKAY.

I'LL ACCEPT THAT.

THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DOES A SURVEY EVERY SO OFTEN THAT ASKS YOUNG FOLKS THE PROBABILITY THAT THEY WILL JOIN THE MILITARY AND SO THEY'RE ASKED IF YES, WHY AND IF NO, WHY NOT?

AND SO FOR THOSE WHO HAVE INDICATED THAT THEY DO PLAN TO JOIN, THE NUMBER ONE REASONS HAVE TO DO WITH JOB OPPORTUNITIES, YOU KNOW, CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES.

BUT THEN, AS YOU MIGHT IMAGINE, THOSE WHO SAID THAT THEY WOULD NOT JOIN AND LAID OUT THEIR REASONS WHY, AT THE TOP OF THE LIST WAS THEIR CONCERNS ABOUT PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL TRAUMA AND I'M BEING VERY DELICATE IN HOW I REPORT THAT.

THEY'RE REALLY AFRAID OF DYING.

AND SO I HAVE TO SAY, AND THIS MAY BE A LITTLE BIT OF PIE IN THE SKY, I WONDER, TY, IF SOME OF THIS IS ABOUT THE EROSION OF THE PERCENT OF YOUNG FOLKS WHO RECOGNIZE THAT ONCE UPON A TIME, THAT THERE ARE SACRIFICES AND THAT AMERICA IS THE KIND OF COUNTRY THAT THEY'RE WILLING TO SACRIFICE FOR TO PUT THEIR LIVES ON THE LINE, THEIR LIVELY LOOD ON THE LINE BECAUSE IT APPEARS CLEARLY FROM THIS, IF THE TOP TWO REASONS ARE I DON'T WANT TO DIE, I DON'T WANT TO GET HURT, THE EXTENSION OF THAT IS ALSO NOT IN ORDER TO SAVE AMERICA.

>> IN ADDITION TO THAT, YOU KNOW, THE MOST RECENT EXPERIENCE S THAT THESE YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE WITH U.S.

BEING IN CONFLICT, AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ, WHICH HAVE, YOU KNOW, HURT GREATLY THE VIEW OF THE MILITARY.

THEY'RE SEEN BY MANY PEOPLE AS FAILURES.

AND SO UNLIKE OTHER TIMES, WHERE , YOU KNOW, I THINK YOUNG PEOPLE SAW IT AS A MEANS OF HELPING THEIR COUNTRY AND IN LINE WITH THINGS THAT THEY BELIEVE, I THINK THAT THAT IS DRASTICALLY CHANGED.

MANY VETERANS ARE REPORTING THAT THEY ARE DISCOURAGING THEIR CHILDREN FROM ENLISTING BECAUSE OF THEIR EXPERIENCES.

SO I THINK THAT ADDS TO THE HOT LABOR MARKET AND THE OTHER THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN MENTIONED.

>> WE HAVE HAD A VOLUNTEER ARMY SINCE 1973.

THE RESULT OF PRESIDENT NIXON'S GATES COMMISSION.

ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO SERVED ON THAT, MILTON FRIEDMAN, SUPER FREE MARKET GUY.

ON THIS ISSUE HE SAID IF A TERRIBLY INEFFICIENT WAY TO ALLOCATE LABOR ACROSS SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY.

HIS ANALYSIS IS NOT WRONG.

ABOUT SIX YEARS AGO THERE IS A NEW YORK TIMES PIECE ARGUING THAT UNIVERSAL MILITARY SERVICE WOULD MAKE US LESS BELLIGERENT AS A NATION.

BECAUSE MORE AMERICANS WOULD HAVE MORE SKIN IN THE GAME AS THE QUOTE THEY USED.

I LOOKED FOR EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THAT AND COULDN'T FIND ANY.

AND INSTEAD WHAT I FOUND WAS A 2022 REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ARTICLE FINDING THAT CONSCRIPTED MEN WERE MORE LIKELY TO JUSTIFY USING VIOLENCE TO SUPPORT COUPS AGAINST GOVERNMENTS AND LESS TOLERANT AND MORE AUTHORITARIAN AND MORE BELLIGERENT.

I AGREE 100% WITH TY, WE SHOULD NOT... >> WE NOW HAVE, IT SEEMS LIKE, A MILITARY CLASS IN THIS COUNTRY.

WE DIDN'T USED TO BECAUSE PEOPLE SERVED.

AND NOW THE PEOPLE THAT ENLIST TEND TO COME FROM THE CERTAIN SEGMENT OF SOCIETY.

AND I DON'T SEE, LUKE, HOW YOU KNOW, A SPECIAL CLASS OF WARRIOR IS NECESSARILY BENEFICIAL TO US.

>> WELL, ONE OF THE TIES TO PEOPLE SERVING IN THE MILITARY IS THEY HAD A FAMILY MEMBER THAT DID IT.

CURRENTLY ONLY 12% OF ENLISTED MILITARY PERSONNEL THAT IS THE CASE.

WHERE 20 YEARS AGO IT WAS AS HIGH AS 40%.

SO I THINK THAT'S ALSO ONE VARIABLE WORTH CONSIDERING HERE AND TO COMPLEMENT FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE, FROM A POLITICAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE, TYING TOGETHER SOME OF MY PANELISTS COMMENTS IS THE MISTRUST IN GOVERNMENT.

SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH LEVEL NOW FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS AND WHEN I THINK OF OUR STUDENTS, SOME OF WHOM ARE IN THE AUDIENCE, THEY HAVE BEEN THROUGH 9/11, WAR ON TERROR, GREAT RECESSION, GLOBAL PANDEMIC, AND AS RICK SAID, THE LONGEST WAR IN U.S. HISTORY THAT THE COMMON THREAD THROUGH ALL THESE THINGS IS THE SENTIMENT THAT THE GOVERNMENT HAS NOT DONE AS GOOD AS IT COULD IN OR DEALING WITH ALL THESE SITUATIONS.

SO IF YOU ARE A YOUNG ADULT AND YOU ARE LOOKING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT TO DO WITH YOUR LIFE, VERY UNFORTUNATELY FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, YOU ARE NOT LOOKING TO SERVE AS PUBLIC SERVANTS, MILITARY SERVICE BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT THE ENTITY THAT YOU THINK IS BEST TO DO THE THINGS THAT YOU WANT TO DO.

>> TARA.

>> ONE OTHER PROBLEM HERE IS TWO FOLD PROBLEM.

AND PART OF IT IS WHAT THE MILITARY HAS DONE ITSELF TO BECOME LEANER AND MEANER, WHICH IS WHAT FOR GENERATION WOOZY HAVE SAID WE WANTED THE MILITARY TO BE LEANER AND MEANER, DO MORE WITH LESS.

PART OF THAT HAS BEEN CUTTING OF VETERANS BENEFITS.

AND YOU KNOW, IF YOU DO KNOW SOMEONE WHO HAS BEEN IN THE MILITARY, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T HELP BUT HEAR THE STORIES OF NOT BEING ABLE TO GET ACCESS TO A DOCTOR WHEN YOU NEED ONE, BUT OR OR THREE WEEKS LATER OR TWO OR THREE CITIES OVER, ET CETERA THAT'S ONE PART OF THE PROBLEM.

THE OTHER PART OF THE PROBLEM THAT WE NEED TO ADDRESS IS THE FACT THAT YOU ALSO HAVE IN THE PUBLIC MIND VIA COMMERCIALS AND I'LL USE WOUNDED WARRIOR ON ONE HAPPENED IS DOING A FANTASTIC JOB.

BUT LET'S FACE IT YOU ARE A YOUNG PERSON AND ON A REGULAR BASIS, YOU ARE SEEING THE RESULTS OF AMERICA'S INVOLVEMENT IN WAR AND IT'S NOT A RESULT ANY HUMAN BEING WOULD WANT IN TERMS OF LOSING SOMETIMES MULTIPLE LIMBS, ALL THE DIFFICULTIES OF TRYING TO LIVE YOUR LIFE AND COME BACK TO AMERICA AND HAVE A MEANINGFUL LIFE SO WHY WOULD YOU WANT TO JOIN THE MILITARY.

>> I THINK ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS THAT I WOULD ADD, I ECHO ALL OF WHAT HAS BEEN SHARED BY MY CO-PANELISTS, IS THAT WHERE WE ARE SEEING THE BIGGEST DROP IS AMONG WHITE MALES.

THERE IS A 40% DROP AMONG WHITE MALES AND SO WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT WHAT IS THAT AND TO LUKE'S POINT, TO WHAT EXTENT IS THAT TIED TO OUR POLITICS THAT HAS BEEN VERY ANTIGOVERNMENT IN CERTAIN SEGMENTS AND HAS SORT OF DIMINISHED THE SENSE OF COMMITMENT TO THE BROADER IDEA OF WHAT AMERICA IS AND, AGAIN, SPECIFICALLY FOR THESE SEGMENTS.

>> I'LL TURN TO THE GENERAL ON MY RIGHT.

>> FIRST, I JUST WANT TO SAY AS A VETERAN, I WANT TO SHOUT OUT TO THE V.A.

CLINIC IN ROME AND SYRACUSE V.A.

HAVE I NOTHING BUT GREAT THINGS TO SAY ABOUT WHAT THEY HAVE DONE FOR ME AND FOR OTHER VETERANS IN THE COMMUNITY.

IT'S AMAZING.

I ONLY WISH ALL OF YOU COULD HAVE AS GOOD OF HEALTHCARE AS THIS SOCIALIST DOES GETTING IT THROUGH THE VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION.

IT IS A DIFFICULT TIME TO SERVE RIGHT NOW BECAUSE UNITED STATES ASKS SOAP OF ITS SERVICE MEMBERS.

THEY'RE DEPLOYED ON THE USS EISENHOWER, CARRIER GROUP OUTSIDE LEBANON AND ISRAEL.

THERE ARE PEOPLE IN KOREA, IN POLAND, ROMANIA, IN KUWAIT AND SYRIA, SO WE ASK A LOT BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ASKS A LOT BECAUSE WE ENSURE REALLY FREEDOM OF THE SEAS, FREEDOM OF THE AIR.

SO I WOULD END WITH THAT THE MILITARY IS DOING ITS WORK, IT'S DOING ITS JOB AND THE REASON WE HAVE A GREAT MILITARY IS BECAUSE WE SUPPORT AND REPRESENT A GREAT PEOPLE.

>> A LOT OF THOSE MEN AND WOMEN ARE BURNED OUT FOR THOSE REPEATED DEPLOYMENTS.

>> AND YET REENLISTMENT RATES ARE GREAT.

IT'S A DIFFICULT SUBJECT.

>> OKAY.

NOW, SINCE WE ARE AT HAMILTON COLLEGE WITH SOME STUDENTS IN THE AUDIENCE, WE WOULD LIKE TO TAKE SOME STUDENT QUESTIONS.

SO I'M GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO MY COLLEAGUE, BARBARA FOUGHT AND SHE WILL HEAR WHAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO KNOW.

>> THANKS, DAVE.

WE HAVE A FINE AUDIENCE HERE OF STUDENTS AND SOME FAITHFUL "THE IVORY TOWER" VIEWERS.

SO I WANT TO ASK YOU WE NEED TO HAVE YOUR QUESTIONS.

SO HOLD YOUR HANDS HIGH.

YOU CAN ASK A QUESTION ABOUT ANY OF THESE FOUR TOPICS OR YOU CAN ASK ANY OTHER KIND OF QUESTION THAT YOU MIGHT HAVE.

AND I'LL ASK YOU TO KEEP YOUR QUESTIONS KIND OF SHORT SO WE CAN GET A WHOLE LOT MORE OF THEM IN.

SO WHO HAS A QUESTION?

OH GREAT.

STAND UP.

I ALWAYS TOLD MY STUDENTS, YOU ALWAYS HOLD THE MICROPHONE SO I'LL HOLD THE MICROPHONE FOR YOU.

>> SO, MY QUESTION IS WHEN YOU THINK OF "IVORY TOWER," YOU THINK OF SOMEBODY HIGH AND MIGHTY OUTSIDE OF SOCIETY.

DO YOU SEE "IVORY TOWER," THE NAME OF THE SHOW AS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

[LAUGHTER] >> I ALWAYS WONDERED IF IT WAS IRONIC OR LITERAL.

AND I GO BACK AND FORTH ON THAT ONE.

>> I WAS THERE AT THE START AND IT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE FUNNY, RIGHT?

IT WAS KIND OF A TONGUE IN CHEEK POKING FUN AT OURSELVES.

RIGHT?

>> BUT YOU KNOW, WHEN IT DID START, CERTAINLY THE IDEA-- AND I WASN'T HERE AT THE CREATION, BUT YOU KNOW, THE ACADEMIC WORLD, THE "IVORY TOWER," BUT I HAVE, TO YOUR POINT, WONDERED SOMETIMES, LIKE THAT DOESN'T QUITE SOUND THE SAME ANYMORE BECAUSE WE ARE YOU KNOW, PLENTY OF BARBS POINTED TOWARDS THE ACADEMY THESE DAYS.

SO THAT'S A GREAT POINT.

>> OKAY.

WHO ELSE HAS A QUESTION NOW?

DON'T BE SHY.

YES, WAY BACK HERE.

GOOD FOR YOU.

STAND UP IF YOU WILL.

>> SO FOR THE LAST QUESTION YOU LIKED TO TALK, THERE WAS A LOT OF DISCUSSION ABOUT HOW LIKE THERE IS A LOT OF DISTRUST IN THE YOUNGER GENERATION.

I JUST WANTED TO ASK WHAT YOU THINK THE GOVERNMENT CAN DO TO BRIDGE THIS GAP BETWEEN THE YOUNGER GENERATION AND THEIR TRUST IN THE GOVERNMENT?

>> LUKE, DO YOU WANT TO TAKE THAT ONE?

>> SURE.

I THINK THAT IT STARTS WITH ETHICS.

AND I THINK THAT WHEN I TEACH LIKE I AM DOING NOW, IF YOU ARE RUNNING FOR OFFICE AND HOW TO PURSUE A CAMPAIGN STRATEGY.

I NOTED TO MY STUDENTS, THIS IS NOT IN YOUR TEXTBOOK BUT I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT THING HAVE YOU TO DETERMINE IS WHAT YOUR ETHICAL BOUNDARIES ARE GOING TO BE AND HOW YOU ARE GOING TO CONDUCT YOURSELF.

YOU ARE GOING TO FACE A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT CHALLENGES.

IT'S A TWO-WAY STREET.

EASY TO CRITICIZE PEOPLE IN GOVERNMENT FOR NOT BEING SUFFICIENTLY ETHICAL, BUT IF WE KEEP PUTTING THE SAME PEOPLE IN OFFICE AND DON'T HAND THEM TO STANDARDS, THEN WE CAN'T COMPLAIN.

>> ALL RIGHT.

WHO ELSE?

COMING OVER TO THIS SIDE.

I'M LOOKING ATYIA-- LOOKING AT YOU.

QUESTIONS HERE.

>> WHILE YOU ARE WAITING, BASH REMARKS I'LL JUST JUMP IN AND ADD A LITTLE ABOUT I.T.

MORE TO THE OTHER QUESTION THAT WAS ASKED.

I THINK IT IS SO IMPORTANT FOR THOSE OF US WHO ARE IN ACADEMIA AND BEYOND TO EMPOWER STUDENTS VOICES, TO LET STUDENTS KNOW THAT THEY DON'T HAVE TO HAVE A Ph.D. OR ANY DEGREE, FOR THAT MATTER, IN ORDER TO OFFER SOMETHING MEANINGFUL AND TO DO THAT IN A WAY THAT THEY BEGAN EXPLORING TESTING THEIR IDEAS WHEREVER THEY CAN.

I THINK THE MORE THAT IS DONE, THE MORE THEY WILL BECOME MORE ACTIVELY ENGAGED AND SEE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR BRINGING ABOUT CHANGE.

I JUST HAPPENED TO HAVE BEEN LECTURING JUST THE OTHER DAY ABOUT HOW THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, WHICH SPURRED THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THE CRIMINAL RIGHTS REVOLUTION OF THE 1960s.

NONE OF THAT COULD HAVE HAPPENED WITHOUT STUDENTS, WITHOUT COLLEGE STUDENTS AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND SO IF WE TEACH STUDENTS THAT THEY REALLY HAVE HAVE BEEN SORT OF THE START OF THE BIGGEST MOVEMENTS IN THIS COUNTRY, I THINK THAT'S A START.

>> TO ECHO SOME OF THE POINTS, I LIKE THAT WE CAN MODEL FOR OUR STUDENTS WHAT REASONED DEBATES LOOK LIKE.

A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THEIR CLASSROOMS NOW REPORT THAT STUDENTS ARE AFRAID TO EXPRESS THEIR OPINIONS OR DISSENTING OPINIONS OR MINORITY OPINIONS.

AND WE ARE DOING THIS ALL THE TIME AND WE MANAGE NOT TO HATE EACH OTHER AFTERWARDS.

SOMEHOW WE LEGITIMACY LIKE EACH OTHER.

>> WE DO LIKE EACH OTHER.

I HOPE YOU TAKE THAT AWAY.

>> ONE MORE QUESTION, I THINK.

>> JUST GO BACK TO THE DISCUSSION ON SANCTUARY CITIES.

I JUST HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT, GIVEN THE LABOR SHORTAGE THAT WE ARE ALL EXPERIENCING IN THE U.S. , I WAS JUST WONDERING HOW-- AND I KNOW IN OTHER COUNTRIES, THEY RELATE IMMIGRATION POLICIES TO BEING A POSITIVE TO BOOSTING THE ECONOMY AND A BOOST IN LABOR.

AND I WAS WONDERING WHAT YOUR THOUGHTS ARE ON THAT AND WHAT POLICIES, FEDERAL OR LOCAL MIGHT AFFECT THAT.

>> ONE OF THE BIGGEST PROBLEMS RIGHT NOW IS PEOPLE ARE BEING LED INTO THE COUNTRY BUT THEY'RE NOT ALLOWED TO WORK.

THAT THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO GET WORK PERMITS IS JUST UNCONSCIONABLE.

WE HAVE ENOUGH RESOURCES GETTING PEOPLE IN.

>> WE NEED TO GO TO OUR AS AND EVIDENT.

TY, YOU ARE UP.

>> THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS IS MY F. IT'S POPULAR ONE HERE.

NO BUDGET FOR MONTHS.

IT'S MAKING EVERYONE'S JOB IN GOVERNMENT REALLY, REALLY HARD.

AND SO IT MEANS THAT PEOPLE IN THE MILITARY CAN'T DO NEW INITIATIVES.

I'M AFRAID THEY'RE GOING TO RUN OUT OF MONEY IN THE DEPLOYMENTS THEY'RE ON AND IT MEANS UKRAINE MAY LOSE THAT WAR TO A DICTATOR AND BUTCHER LIKE PUTIN BECAUSE WE WON'T GIVE THEM THE AMMUNITION THEY NEED.

>> NINA.

>> I'M GIVING AN F TO THE FACT THAT THE U.S.

FROZE OUT ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE-- THROWS OUT ONE THIRD OF THE FOOD IT PRODUCES.

NOT ONLY IS FOOD WASTE COSTLY TO INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS BUT IT CONTRIBUTES TO 8% OF GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.

ACCORDING TO THE E.P.A., THIS IS MORE THAN THE AMOUNT THAT THE ENTIRE AIRLINE INDUSTRY PRODUCES.

>> MY F GOES TO NEWS THAT MACY'S WILL BE CLOSING 30% OF THE STORES THE NEXT THREE YEARS.

WHEN WE THINK ABOUT BUY LOCAL WE DON'T THINK ABOUT BIG BOX RETAILERS BUT THEY'RE IMPORTANT SOURCES FOR LOCAL EMPLOYMENT.

WE DON'T KNOW WHICH ONES ARE CLOSING, DESTINY USA HAS LOST PEN I'S LORD AND TAYLOR, BEST BUY AND OTHER STORES.

AND SO THAT'S SAD FOR THE LOCAL ECONOMY.

MORE ON THAT IN MY A.

>> TARA ARE YOUR F. >> TO ATTORNEY TERRENCE BRADLEY, THE STAR WITNESS IN THE DISQUALIFICATION HEARING ALTHOUGH BRADLEY ALLEGEDLY TOLD INVESTIGATORS HE KNEW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WILLIS AND SPECIAL PROSECUTOR NATHAN WADE BEGAN IN 2019 HE NOW SAYS IT WAS MERE SPECULATION AND THAT HE DID NOT KNOW WHEN THE RELATIONSHIP BEGAN.

HE FURTHER HAS ARGUED THAT HE WAS WADE'S ATTORNEY FOR WADE'S DIVORCE AND SO THEREFORE THERE IS ATTORNEY CLIENT PRIVILEGE.

THE PROBLEM IS THAT THIS MAN IS AN ATTORNEY.

YOU MEAN YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT ATTORNEY CLIENT PRIVILEGE WHEN YOU SPOKE WITH TRUMP'S ATTORNEY?

>> LUKE, YOUR F. >> MY F GOES TO THE FDA FOR ITS POOR REGULATORY PRACTICES THAT FAILED TO CATCH WIDESPREAD LEAD CONTAMINATION OF CHILDREN'S APPLE SAUCE.

>> RICK.

>> WE DON'T COORDINATE OUR As AND FS.

MY F ALSO WAS TO CONGRESS.

IT APPEARS TODAY THAT THEY HAVE PASSED AT SHORT-TERM EXTENSION TO AVOID THE SHUTDOWN THAT WAS SET TO HAPPEN THIS WEEKEND.

WE ARE STILL SIX MONTHS INTO THE FISCAL YEAR AND WE DO NOT HAVE A COMPLETE BUDGET THAT GOES WELL BEYOND FISCAL IRRESPONSIBILITY.

>> TO THE As.

>> MY A GOES TO "THE IVORY TOWER."

ON THE ROAD.

WE DO MODEL CIVIL DISCOURSE.

WE SHOW WHAT FREE SPEECH LOOKS LIKE.

WE PULL THE CURTAIN BACK ON ACADEME TO SHOW WAS WE REALLY DO AND WE MODEL GENERALLY GOOD BEHAVIOR.

SO I'M A FAN OF THE SHOW AND HAPPY THAT YOU ARE AT HAMILTON AND I GET TO BE PART OF IT.

>> NINA.

>> I SECOND AND THIRD THAT A BUT I'M ALSO GIVING AN A TO THE CITY OF SYRACUSE'S DECISION TO GO AFTER STORES THAT SELL THE ILLEGAL DRUG KNOWN AS SPICE.

THIS IS DEADLY.

IT'S SOMETIMES DEADLY.

IT'S TOXIC.

AND OFTEN YOUNG PEOPLE SUCH AS THOSE, NOT IN THIS AUDIENCE BUT OTHER AUDIENCES, ARE UNAWARE OF EXACTLY WHAT THE INGREDIENTS ARE.

SO THREE OF THE BUSINESSES HAVE ALREADY BEEN CLOSED.

LET'S LOOK TO SEEING THE OTHER TWO CLOSE.

>> CHAD, YOUR A.

>> SO MY A GOES TO BILL, A MEN'S WEAR SALES ASSOCIATE AT MACY'S AT DESTINY USA.

I JOKE HE IS MY PERSONAL STYLIST BECAUSE HE HAS HELPED ME CHOOSE HALF OF MY WARDROBE, INCLUDING EVERYTHING I'M WEARING TODAY BUT MY ROLE POINT IS THAT BILL AND PEOPLE LIKE HIM PROVIDE A REALLY VALUABLE SERVICE AND IT'S WORTH SHOPPING WITH THEM IN PERSON OPPOSED TO ONLINE OPTIONS.

LEST THESE SERVICES DISAPPEAR ENTIRELY AND I'M SORRY ABOUT MY POLITICS BUT THANK YOU FOR ALL.

>> LOOKING GOOD, CHAD.

TARA.

>> MY A GOES TO Dr. GRUTH GOSSMAN FORMER PROFESSOR AT THE ALBERT EINSTEIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN THE BRONX.

Dr. GOSSMAN RECENTLY DONATED A BILLION DOLLARS TO THE SCHOOL.

IN EXCHANGE, THE SCHOOL WILL PROVIDE FREE TUITION FOR NEW STUDENTS AND MOST OF THOSE ALREADY ENROLLED.

>> JUST TO BE CLEAR, ONE BILLION DOLLARS.

>> ONE BILLION DOLLARS.

>> LUKE.

>> THIS IS HOMETOWN SHOW FOR ME.

I LIVED AROUND THE CORNER, I SPEND A LOT OF TIME ON CAMPUS SO I GIVE MY A TO THE LEAVITT PUBLIC AFFAIRS CENTER FOR THE GREAT WORK THEY DO IN THE COMMUNITY AND AT THE COLLEGE.

>> RIGHT HERE AT HAMILTON COLLEGE.

>> EXACT EXACTLY.

>> MY A GOES TO SPRING TRAINING.

FOR SOME PEOPLE SEEING A ROBIN IS SPRING.

FOR ME IT'S WHEN 3EU67ERS AND CATCHERS REPORT TO CAMPS IN ARIZONA AND FLORIDA.

WE SAW THE BEGINNING OF FULL SPRING TRAINING GAMES WHICH MEANS I'VE SURVIVED ANOTHER UPSTATE NEW YORK WINTER AND LOOK FORWARD TO A SPRING, SUMMER AND FALL SPENDING TIME WITH MY SON DAVID AS WE WATCH AND ROOT FOR THE NEW YORK YANKEES.

>> YOU HAVE THE YANKEE TIE.

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.

IF YOU HAVE GOT COMMENTS, PLEASE BRIGHT WRITE TO US USING AT DRESS ON YOUR SCREEN.

FROM EVERYONE HERE AT FILLIUS EVENT BARN AT HAMILTON COLLEGE, WE HOPE YOU HAVE A GOOD NIGHT.