EXCITED TO WELCOME CHRIS FISCHER, OCEARCH FOUNDER AND EXPLORATION LEADER HOME TO LOUISVILLE FOR AN EXCLUSIVE LIVE PROGRAM SHARKS ARE THE BALANCE KEEPERS OF THE OCEAN'S FOOD CHAIN AND WITHOUT THEM AT THE TOP, ALL OTHER FISH FACE THE POLT OF DISAPPEARING FOR GENERATIONS TO COME.

THEY HAVE LED 42 EXPEDITIONS TO GET RESEARCH ON THE OCEAN'S GIANTS.

CHRIS' DATA CENTRIC APPROACH COMPLETELY DISRUPTS OCEANOGRAPHY RESEARCH BY MAKING IT COLLABORATIVE, INCLUSIVE AND OPEN SOURCED.

AS AN EXPLORER AND DISRUPTER, CHRIS FISCHER GREW UP CHASING FISH, FROGS AND SEA CREATURES AROUND KENTUCKY.

THROUGH HIS PASSION FOR WATER AND SEA LIFE, CHRIS BEGAN CONDUCTING WITH EXPERT FISHERMEN AND SCIENTISTS ABOUT THE ENDANGERMENT OF THE GREAT WHITE SHARKS AND THE VULNERABILITY OF THE SPECIES CAN DISRUPT THE ENTIRE OCEAN'S ECOSYSTEM.

CHRIS BEGAN DIVING INTO THIS MASSIVE ISSUE OF SHARKS, THE LIONS OF THE OCEAN ARE THE PAL KEEPERS OF THE OCEAN FOOD CHAIN AND WITHOUT THEM AT THE TOP, ALL OTHER FISH FACE THE POSSIBILITY OF DISAPPEARING FOR GENERATIONS TO COME.

CHRIS FOUNDED OCEARCH IN 2007.

SINCE THEN, CHRIS AND HIS TEAM HAVE LED 42 GLOBAL EXPEDITIONS ABOARD THE MB OCEARCH TO COLLECT PREVIOUSLY UNOBJECT OBTAINABLE RESEARCH ON OUR OCEAN'S GIANT.

YOU WILL NOW HEAR FROM CHRIS ABOUT HIS GLOBAL ADVENTURE AS LONG SIDE HIS CREW AS THEY DIVE IN AND FIND SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE A SEA FULL OF, AND HERE IS ANOTHER LINE I CAN'T TAKE CREDIT FOR, THAT WILL ENSURE A SEA FULL OF FISH AND FISH SANDWICHES FOR MANY GENERATIONS.

CHRIS.

[ APPLAUSE ] GO.

>> AM I HAVE TO TO HAVE A SEAT.

IT IS GREAT TO BE BACK IN KENTUCKY.

I WANT TO THANK THE KENTUCKY FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS FOR HAVING ME HERE.

I WANT KENTUCKY TO THE WORLD THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE.

THE REPUBLIC AND BELIEVE IT OR NOT, THEY HAVE HAD A BIG PART OF THE OCEARCH JOURNEY.

THANK YOU TO ALL THE FRIENDS AND FAMILY THAT CAME DOWN.

IT REALLY IS HUMBLING TO COME BACK TO KENTUCKY TO BEGIN TELLING THE STORY OF A JOURNEY THAT STARTED RIGHT HERE ON HARRODS CREEK.

YOU KNOW, JUST TO MAKE SURE EVERYBODY KNOWS IT'S LEGIT, YOU KNOW, I HAD TO HAVE MY OLD KENTUCKY SHIRT ON, CHASING FISH AND FROGS AND FALLING IN LOVE WITH THE WATER, A LOT OF YOU ALL KNOW MY PARENTS HERE AS WELL.

THIS JOURNEY WAS SHAPED TREMENDOUSLY BY THEM AND MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS WHO HAVE BEEN AN AMAZING SUPPORT NETWORK, ALONG THE WAY.

BUT WHEN I WAS A KID, I WAS ONE OF THOSE KIDS WHO GREW UP CHASING FISH AND FROGS AROUND THE FARM PONDS AND CREEKS OF KENTUCKY, HARRODS CREEK, BLUEGRASS CREEK, FLOYDS FORK.

THAT'S WHERE IT ALL STARTED FOR ME.

MY MOM WOULD DROP OFF TWO OF MY FRIENDS, ROB AND SANDY, AND WE WOULD SCURRY INTO CREEKS ON ONE BREJ AND SHE WOULD PICK US UP AT THE END OF THE DAY ON THE OTHER BREJ DOWN THE WAY.

IT WAS THAT PLACE ON THE WATER WHERE I FOUND MY PASSION.

WHEN I TALK TO KIDS A LOT TODAY, A LOT OF TIMES THE BEST TIMES TO FIND YOUR PASSION IS WHEN YOU ARE A KID BECAUSE SOMETIMES YOU GET SO BUSY LATER, YOU CAN'T FIGURE IT OUT.

I WAS TALKING TO SOME STUDENTS AND ENCOURAGING THEM TO FIND THEIR PASSION AND THEIR LIFE BECAUSE IT SET A TONE FOR ME, A PASSION FOR THE WATER, AND THEN THE LIFE LESSONS THAT YOU LEARN GROWING UP AROUND THE DINNER TABLE SHAPED OCEARCH SO MUCH.

SO YOU ARE GOING TO HEAR A LITTLE BIT OF SOME OF THESE LESSONS FROM THE DINNER TABLE THAT SHAPED OCEARCH.

KENTUCKY WAS REALLY GREAT.

AND THE OTHER THING THAT HAS BEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL FOR OCEARCH THAT I DIDN'T PUT TOGETHER FOR THE LAST FEW YEARS, IS THAT YOU KNOW, WE ARE VERY OPEN WITH THE SHIP.

WE ALLOW PEOPLE TO COME VISIT THE SHIP WHEN WE ARE IN PORT.

AND EVERYONE KEEPS COMING LIKE WOW, I CAN'T BELIEVE YOU ALLOW SO MANY PEOPLE TO COME ON.

LIKE I'M FROM KENTUCKY.

THAT'S JUST GOOD OL' HOSPITALITY.

SO, YOU KNOW, LIKE REALLY, IN DELIVERING KENTUCKY TO THE WORLD, IT REALLY IS, YOU CAN FEEL IT ON THE SHIP.

PEOPLE ARE WELCOME.

WE BRING PEOPLE IN.

WE LET THEM BECOME A PART OF IT BECAUSE IN THE END, IT'S GOING TO TAKE US ALL.

SO KENTUCKY HAS TRAVELED AROUND THE WORLD FROM AFRICA TO AUSTRALIA, TO THE GALAPAGOS, GREAT BARRIER REEF, CHILE, MEXICO, BRAZIL.

YOU PICK A PLACE.

44 EXPEDITIONS AND THAT GOOD KENTUCKY HOSPITALITY HAS BEEN DELIVERED IN EVERY PORT THAT WE HAVE TIED UP IN.

AND I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL FOR... [ APPLAUSE ] YEAH IT'S REALLY AMAZING.

LIKE IT'S AMAZING WHEN YOU GO TO PLACES AND YOU ARE JUST NICE TO PEOPLE LIKE WE ARE HERE.

SOME PARTS OF THE WORLD, IT'S KIND OF SHOCKING.

BUT THE OTHER THING IS IT'S INSPIRING.

IT'S TRULY INSPIRING BECAUSE IN THE END, ON THIS JOURNEY, IT'S GOING TO TAKE US ALL.

THERE IS NO YOU AND ME OR US AND THEM FOR THIS CONVERSATION.

THERE REALLY IS JUST ALL OF US AND WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT WHEN IT COMES TO LEAVING AN ABUNDANT FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN.

AND I KNOW YOU CAN GET CAUGHT UP IN THE SHARK AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE SHARK A FAIR BIT ON THIS.

BUT REALLY, I'M NOT A SHARK PERSON.

I AM AN ABUNDANCE PERSON.

I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL OF OUR GREAT GRAND CHILDREN HAVE THE CAPACITY TO SWIM IN AN OCEAN FULL OF FISH AND EAT A FRESH FISH SANDWICH AND THAT'S HOW SIMPLE IT WAS WHEN IT BEGAN.

AND IT BEGAN BACK AROUND 1998.

WE HAD A FAMILY BUSINESS.

WE SOLD IT.

I DIDN'T KNOW WAY WAS GOING TO DO WITH THE REST OF MY LIFE.

SO I STARTED SPENDING TIME ON THE WATER, JUST LIKE BACK HERE.

AND THEN WHILE I WAS ON THE WATER, I REALIZED THAT MY PATH FORWARD WAS WORKING ON THE WATER BECAUSE IN THE LATE 90s, NOT ENOUGH PEOPLE WERE THINKING ABOUT THE OCEAN.

WE HAD LOST CUE STOW AND IT FADED AWAY.

PEOPLE UNDER 45 DON'T KNOW WHO JACQUES COUSTEAU IS.

HE WAS MY HERO.

I STARTED BENCHMARKING COUSTEAU'S LIFE BECAUSE I FELT LIKE WE HAD HAD TO COME UP WITH A WAY TO POUR THE WORLD'S OCEANS INTO PEOPLE'S LIVES IN A SCALE UNSEEN SINCE COUSTEAU.

THAT WAS THE NOBLE GOAL BACK IN 1998 BECAUSE IF PEOPLE WERE AWARE, THEY WOULD CARE.

BUT IF PEOPLE DON'T KNOW, THEY CAN'T ACT.

AND WE DIDN'T HAVE THE OCEAN FLOWING INTO BILLIONS OF PEOPLE'S LIVES REGULARLY.

AND THAT WHAT IS WE NEEDED TO CREATE THE MOMENTUM, THE GREAT MOMENTUM I THINK THAT YOU SEE WE HAVE TODAY AS WE ARE IN THE OCEAN DECADE ACROSS THE PLANET WITH THE UNITED NATIONS, BUT BACK IN 1998 OR EVEN IN 2012, PEOPLE WEREN'T TALKING ABOUT MARINE DEBRIS OR PLASTICS OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT.

SO WE WANTED TO BEGIN A JOURNEY TO TRY TO GET THIS MOMENTUM SO WE COULD DELIVER SOMETHING WE WERE PROUD OF TO THE FUTURE.

THE WAY TO START FOR ME WAS EASY BECAUSE I LOVE TO FISH.

I STARTED A FISHING SHOW ON ESPN CALLED OFFSHORE ADVENTURES.

AND IT WAS ONE OF THE MOST WATCHED SHOWS OF ITS TIME.

WHEN I WAS MAKING THAT SHOW, I BEGAN TO LEARN ABOUT OCEAN SCIENCE AND HOW IT WORKS.

BECAUSE I WAS LEARNING ABOUT BILL FISH FROM SCIENTISTS.

I WAS ON THE BOARD OF THE BILL FISH FOUNDATION.

QUICKLY REALIZED WE DIDN'T HAVE OUR BEST FISHERMEN WORKING WITH OUR BEFT SCIENTISTS AND WE NEEDED PEER REVIEWED PAPERS THAT SCIENTISTS PUBLISH TO MANAGE.

BUT IF THEY DON'T HAVE ANY DATA, THEY CAN'T PUBLISH.

SO I STARTED PEPPING SCIENTISTS WHILE WE WERE MAKING THE SHOW.

I WOULD THROW THEM IN THE BOAT.

IT DIDN'T COST ANYMORE MONEY.

THE SHOW PAID FOR THE BOAT AND WE STARTED TO EXPLODE THE RATE AT WHICH SCIENTISTS COULD COLLECT K-8 ON MARLIN, SAIL FISH, WAHOO BECAUSE THE SCIENTISTS ARE TASKED WITH PUBLISHING THE PAPERS BUT THEY HAVE NO BOATS, NO MONEY AND DON'T KNOW HOW TO CATCH WHAT THEY STUDY.

WE DIDN'T HAVE-- LOOK, IF YOU ARE GOING TO BUILD A BUSINESS, YOU NEED A TEAM WITH DIFFERENT SKILLS.

WE DID NOT HAVE THE WORLD CLASS PRACTICAL AND WORLD CLASS ACADEMIC COLLIDING ON A COMMON VISION.

A COMMON VISION.

WHAT IS A COMMON VISION THAT CAN RELATE TO EVERYONE?

WELL, HOW ABOUT OCEAN FIRST WE HAD BARRIERS.

THE FISHERMEN DIDN'T TRUST THE SCIENTISTS, THE SCIENTISTS THOUGHT THE FISHERMEN WERE NOT SMART ENOUGH BUT WE NEEDED TO COME TOGETHER A COMMON VISION FOR OUR GRAND CHILDREN AND THAT'S HOW IT BEGAN.

WE BROUGHT THE WORLD CLASS STREETS SMARTS AND WORLD CLASS BOOK SMARTS TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS WE ARE HAVING IN THE OCEAN.

WHILE I WAS HOPING THE SCIENTISTS WOULD STUDY OTHER SPECIES, AROUND 2005, THEY STARTED COMING TO ME TALKING ABOUT SHARKS.

I'M NOT A SHARK GUY.

WHEN YOU ARE CATCHING BIG MARLIN AND A SCIENTIST WANTS TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT CATCHING SHARKS, I'M LIKE I'M UNINTERESTED IN THAT.

THAT'S THE LOWEST FORM OF FISHING COMPARED TO CATCHING A BIG BILL FISH OR SOMETHING.

THEY STARTED TO SAY THERE WON'T BE ANY BILL FISH IF WE DON'T HAVE OUR LARGE SHARKS.

AND I SAID WAS THERE A SHARK PROBLEM?

THEY SAID YEAH, MAN, WE ARE LOSING 100 MILLION SHARKS A YEAR.

250,000 A DAY.

PRIMARILY FOR SHARK PIN SOUP BUT ALSO SOME ASSOCIATED WITH OVERFISHING.

NOW I'M HAPPY TO REPORT TO YOU THAT THE DEMAND FOR SHARK FIN SOUP IS DROPPING.

BUT THAT DIDN'T HELP US OVERCOME THE SITUATION WE FOUND OURSELVES IN IN 2005 OR 6 WHEN WE WERE DOWN TO ABOUT 9% OF OUR LARGE SHARKS AROUND THE WORLD AND WE WERE STARTING TO SEE ECOSYSTEMS COLLAPSE, BECAUSE THE SECOND TIER PREDATORS WOULD BEGIN TO EXPLODE AND WIPE OUT ALL THE FISH BELOW THEM AND I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS.

PEOPLE ARE AFRAID OF SHARKS.

BUT THE REALITY IS SHARKS ARE THE GUARDIANS OF OUR FISH STOCKS.

WE KNOW UP IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, OUR SEALS ARE RECOVERING.

WE HAVE SO MANY THINGS TO CELEBRATE IN THE OCEAN RIGHT NOW IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

OFF THE EASTERN SEA BOARD AND THE WEST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES, WE ARE TURNING OUR OCEANS BACK INTO ONE OF THE GREAT WILD OCEANS.

THERE ARE MORE FISH NOW THAN WHEN OUR GREAT, GREAT GRANDPARENTS WERE ALIVE.

MANY, MANY TIMES MORE FISH.

AND ALSO WE HAVE HELPED OUR MARINE MAMMALS RECOVER.

OUR MARINE MA'AMALS LIKE THE SEALS AND THE WHALES, MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 45 YEARS AGO IS WORKING.

WE SAVED OUR WHALES.

WE SAVED OUR TURTLES.

WE SAVED OUR SEALS BUT AS THEY RECOVER, SOMETHING MUST KEEP THEM IN CHECK.

AND SO WHEN YOU LOOK AT A SIMPLE FOOD PYRAMID LIKE THIS, THE SHARKS ARE AT THE TOP, RIGHT?

THEY'RE THE SYSTEM MANAGERS, THE BALANCE KEEPERS.

THIS IS A SURPRISING STATISTIC.

BUT AS OUR SEALS CONTINUE TO RECOVER, AND THEY'VE WORKED THEIR WAY FROM CANADA ALL THE WAY BACK DOWN NOW AS FAR SOUTH AS NEW JERSEY AND THEY'LL PROBABLY CONTINUE FURTHER ON SOUTH DOWN INTO THE CAROLINAS, IN PARTICULAR THE GRAY SEAL, RECOVERING, THEY REPRODUCE AT 50% A YEAR.

AND IN THE BEGINNING, IT WAS REALLY SLOW BECAUSE THERE WAS A FEW THOUSAND AND THEN YOU GET 50% MORE, MAYBE 5,000 TO 7500.

BUT NOW WE ARE AT NUMBERS LIKE 100,000 AND NEXT YEAR WE WILL HAVE 150,000 AND THE YEAR AFTER THAT 225,000 AND THOSE ANIMALS PUT A LOT OF PRESSURE ON THE RESOURCE.

WHEN WHITE SHARKS ARE AROUND SEALS, THEY EAT ONE FOURTH AS MUCH PER DAY.

NOW THEY EAT A FEW SEALS.

BUT THE BIGGEST THING THEY DO IS THEY MODIFY THE BEHAVIOR OF ALL THE SEALS BECAUSE THE SEALS KNOW IF THEY COME OUT TO GO FOR A FEED, THERE ARE WHITE SHARKS IN THE WATER AND THEY MIGHT GET TAKEN.

THEY GET A LITTLE BIT OF FOOD AND JUMP OUT.

ONE WHITE SHARK CAN KEEP THOUSANDS OF SEALS STUCK ON THE BEACH EATING ONE FOURTH AS MUCH FOOD EVERY DAY.

THOSE WHITE SHARKS ARE NOT THERE, ALL OF THOSE SEALS GO OUT, THEY WIPE OUT ALL THE COD, THE LOBSTER, THEY WIPE OUT THE STRIPERS AND THEN THERE IS NO FOOD FOR US.

IN THE OPEN OCEAN, THEY KEEP THE SQUID DOWN.

THEY EAT A LOT OF SQUID BUT THEIR MERE PRESENCE KEEPS THE SQUID DOWN AND THE SQUID EVERY NIGHT WHEN THEY COME TO THE SURFACE, THEY CAN'T EAT ALL OF OUR FRY, ALL OUR BABY TUNA OR BABY MAHI OR BABY BILL FISH.

SO I SAID TO THE SCIENTISTS AT THIS TIME, I SAID WELL, WE ARE HELPING YOU WITH BILL FISH AND OTHER THINGS.

WHO IS DOING THE SHARK THING?

CLEARLY YOU JUST SAID NO BIG SHARKS, NO BIG FISH SANDWICHES.

YOU GOT MY ATTENTION.

AND THEY SAID MAN, THEY'RE SO BIG, WE DON'T KNOW.

WE DON'T KNOW WHERE THEY MATE.

WE DON'T KNOW WHERE THEY GIVE BIRTH.

WE DON'T KNOW WHERE THEY GO.

I SAID BUT YOU JUST SAID NO BIG SHARKS, NO FISH SANDWICHES AND NOW YOU ARE SAYING WE DON'T KNOW?

I WAS STUNNED.

AND I LOOKED AROUND ON THIS BASE AND CAME BACK TO ONE OF THOSE DAYS YOU ARE LOOKING IN THE MIRROR, IF NOT US, THEN WHO?

AND THIS MUST BE DONE.

IT MUST BE DONE.

SO WE PIVOTED IN 2007.

TO OVERCOME DATA DEFICIT AND TIME.

ALL OF OCEARCH IS CENTERED AROUND THIS ONE SINGLE ISSUE: WE DON'T HAVE THE DATA AND WE ARE RUNNING OUT OF TIME.

SO WE PIVOTED.

WE JUST DECIDED TO START A IN YOU WAY, A NEW WAY.

WHEN I GOT IN THIS SPACE IN 2007 AND WENT OUT FOR OUR FIRST EXPEDITION, WE TOOK OUT ONE SCIENTIST ON THIS BIG BOAT WITH ALL THESE GUYS AND I HAD SIX OR SEVENERMEN WORKING AS HARD AS THEY COULD TO UNDO THE UNDOABLE.

TO GET A GREAT WHITE SHARK IN ANY POSITION WHERE THE SCIENTIST COULD HAVE SAFE ACCESS TO IT.

PREVIOUS TO THAT, THEY WERE JUST POKING AT THINGS OVER THE SIDE OF THE BOAT AND THEY JUST COULDN'T GET THERE, OLD TECHNOLOGY AND NO ACCESS.

SO WE DID THAT THE FIRST TIME AND THE GENTLEMEN DID ONE THING.

HE SAID OKAY I'M DONE.

I STOOD THERE STUNNED.

I SAID I NEED 20 MORE SMART PEOPLE HERE RIGHT NOW.

I'M LIKE IF WE ARE GOING TO GO THROUGH ALL THIS EFFORT AND THE PROBLEM IS DATA DEFICIT, WHY DON'T WE HAVE EVERY SCIENCE DISCIPLINE IN THE SHARK SPACE HERE MAXIMIZING THE DATA THAT COMES OFF EVERY SINGLE ANIMAL WE TOUCH?

AND AT FIRST FOR ME AS SOMEONE WHO IS A FISHERMEN OR ANYONE A HUNTER IN THE ROOM, YOU HAVE DEEP RESPECT FOR THESE ANIMALSES.

IF WE ARE GOING TO GO THROUGH THE PROCESS OF CAPTURING THIS ANIMAL, AND BRINGING IT UP HERE TO GIVE SAFE ACCESS FOR SCIENTISTS AND LETTING IT GO, WE HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO MAXIMIZE THE DATA WE CREATE, NOT ONLY BECAUSE DATA DEFICIT IS OUR BIGGEST CHALLENGE SO WE NEED TO BE AS EFFICIENT AS WE CAN BE AND MAXIMIZE DATA.

BUT JUST FOR THE ANIMAL ITSELF, TO BE SHARK FIRST.

WE DO 24 RESEARCH PROJECTS ON EVERY ANIMAL WE TOUCHED.

IF WE DIDN'T HAVE A BIG COLLABORATIVE TEAM, EACH ONE OF THOSE SCIENTISTS WOULD HAVE TO GO OUT AND CATCH ONE FOR THEMSELVES AND DO ONE THING AND CATCH 24 TIMES AS MANY SHARKS.

THAT'S NOT SHARK FIRST OR OCEAN FIRST OR GREAT GRANDCHILDREN FIRST.

SO THIS TRADITIONAL APPROACH, THIS INDIVIDUAL APPROACH OF ONE PROJECT THAT MIGHT TAKE 14 YEARS UNTIL IT BECOMES POLICY, I STARTED TO LEARN LIKE OH MY GOSH, THE WHOLE APPROACH TO OCEAN RESEARCH IS THE REASON WHY WE HAVE A DATA DEFICIT PROBLEM.

THE SCIENTISTS ARE FORCED TO OPERATE IN SILOS AND COMPETE AGAINST ONE ANOTHER AND PUBLISH OR PERISH.

SO THEY'RE FIGHTING FOR GRANTS, NOT COLLABORATING.

WELL THAT'S NOT GOING TO HELP US OVERCOME WHAT WE HAVE TO OVER COME.

I SAID FORTUNATELY I DON'T COME FROM THE SCIENCE BASE.

I DON'T KNOW HOW THIS WORKS.

BUT I DO COME FROM VERY ENTREPRENEURIAL FATHER AND A MOTHER WHO TAUGHT US HOW TO SERVE.

AND SO WHAT WE ARE GOING TO DO IS WE ARE JUST GOING TO INVITE ALL THE SCIENTISTS AND WE ARE GOING TO DO ALL THE RESEARCH ON EVERY ANIMAL.

WE ARE GOING TO BRING WORLD CLASS FISHERMEN AND SHARE IT WITH THE WORLD IN REAL TIME BECAUSE IN THE END, IT IS GOING TO TAKE US ALL AND WE ARE GOING TO COMPLETELY DISRUPT THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO OCEAN SCIENCE AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, RADICALLY ACCELERATE THE RATE OF DATA COLLECTION TO OVERCOME DATA DEFICIT AND TIME.

AND SO WE BEGAN THAT JOURNEY IN 2007 WAS THE FIRST EXPEDITION.

OUR FIRST BIG COLLABORATIVE TEAM STARTED TO TAKE SHAPE AROUND 2010, 2011 AND 2012, AND WE BEGAN TO EXPLODE THE RATE OF DATA COLLECTION FORWARD.

AND WE HAD, YOU KNOW, WE HAD TO HAVE THE RIGHT TOOLS, RIGHT?

WE HAD TO HAVE THE RIGHT TOOLS TO DO THAT.

WE HAD A TEAM OF WORLD CLASS FISHERMEN, ASSEMBLED A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM, WORLD CLASS ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS AND WE NEEDED THE RIGHT SHIP.

THE SHIP HAD A VERY UNIQUE LIFT ON THE SIDE OF IT THAT WAS GOING TO ALLOW US TO TRY TO GET THESE GIANT SHARKS INTO THE LIFT, BRING THEM OUT OF THE WATER AND ALL OF THE SCIENTISTS COULD HAVE THIS ACCESS TO LEVERAGE THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE THE UNSOLVABLE PUZZLE.

YOU GOT TO REALIZE WE ARE GOING OUT TO SOLVE A 400 MILLION YEAR OLD PUZZLE.

THERE IS EIGHT REGIONAL POPULATIONS OF WHITE SHARKS AROUND THE WORLD.

NO ONE HAD EVER SOLVED THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE OF THE WHITE SHARKS IN ONE OF THOSE POPULATIONS.

WHAT IS THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE?

WHERE DO THEY MATE?

WHERE DO THEY GIVE BIRTH?

WHAT IS THEIR FULL MIGRATORY RANGE AND WHERE DO THEY FORAGE?

IF YOU HAVE THAT DATA SET, YOU CAN MANAGE THE WHITE SHARKS BACK TO ABUNDANTANCE, AND IF WE HAVE LOTS OF SHARKS WE HAVE LOTS OF FISH SANDWICHES.

THAT'S ALL WE ARE AFTER.

GO FOR A SWIM IN AN OCEAN FULL OF FISH AND MAKE SURE OUR KIDS HAVE A BEAUTIFUL OCEAN TO ENJOY LONG-TERM.

SO WE HONED OUR SKILLS AS WE MOVED AROUND THE WORLD AND AROUND 2012 WE DECIDED TO START ON THE EAST COAST TO TRY TO SOLVE THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE OF JAWS.

RIGHT?

WHERE DOES THE EAST COAST WHITE SHARK LIVE ITS LIFE?

AND SO BECAUSE WE KNOW IF WE CAN BRING BACK THE WHITE SHARK OFF THE EAST COAST, THAT EVERYONE OFF THE EAST COAST IS GOING HAVE AN AN ABUNDANT FUTURE.

HERE IS THE DATA SET WE WERE DELIVER MEDICINE 2012 TO START WITH FROM ALL PREVIOUS SCIENCE.

AS YOU CAN SEE, THERE IS NO DATA ON THE MOVEMENT OF WHITE SHARKS.

2012!

WE DIDN'T KNOW WHERE THEY WERE GOING.

OCCASIONALLY ONE WOULD SEE ONE IN CAPE COD OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

BUT THE GOAL AT THE TIME WAS CAN WE BRING A GROUP OF PEOPLE TOGETHER ON THE EAST COAST AND THE SCIENTISTS CHALLENGED US.

WE SAID WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO TO PULL THIS OFF?

MOVING THE SHIP TO THE EAST COAST.

I'M NOT LEAVING UNTIL WE SOLVE THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE.

WE HAD BEEN MOVING AROUND THE WORLD AND I HAD LOTS OF PUZZLES LIKE HALFWAY DONE.

BUT THAT DOESN'T HELP YOU.

YOU NEED TO FINISH.

THEY SAID IF YOU CAN BRING A HUNDRED SHARKS TO THE SCIENCE TEAM, I THINK THEY WERE LAUGHING, HE CAN'T DO THAT.

THEY CAN'T DO THAT.

AND SO WE STARTED OFF IN 2012.

AND THE GOAL WAS TO DELIVER A SHARK IN THE CRADLE LIKE THIS AND YOU CAN SEE THIS MASSIVE TEAMS OF SCIENTISTS COMING OUT, WORKING ON THE SHARK AND THEN WE LET THE SHAH SHARK GO.

WE PROCEEDED IN 2012, WE CAUGHT FIVE SHARKS.

IT COST US 2.5 MILLION TO CATCH AND SAMPLE THE FIRST FIVE SHARKS.

BUT THEN WE GOT TO FOLLOW WHERE THE SHARKS WENT WITH THE NEXT 2.5 WE TAGGED 27.

BECAUSE THEY SHOWED US WHERE THEY LIVED.

AND EVERY ONCE IN A WHILE ON THOSE JOURNEYS, YOU COME ACROSS A SPECIAL SHARK.

WE'LL PROBABLY TALK ABOUT THE MOST SPECIAL SHARK THAT WE HAVE EVER HANDLED AT OCEARCH NAMED MARY LEE.

THIS PARTICULAR FILM IS A FILM OF ANOTHER BEAUTIFUL SHARK OUT OF CANADA THAT I WANTED YOU TO SEE WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE REALLY WHEN EVERYTHING COMES TOGETHER.

AND THEN WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT HOW WE SOLVE THE PUZZLE OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

SO THIS IS A BEAUTIFUL SHARK OFF THE COAST OF NOVA SCOTIA.

WHEN YOU HANDLE AN ANIMAL OF THIS SIZE, IT WILL HIT YOU IN A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT WAY FROM AN EMOTIONAL STANDPOINT.

YOU FEEL THIS AWENESS AND RESPECT FOR THE ANIMAL.

ITS ANCIENTNESS, ITS WISDOM.

WHAT IT HAS DONE TO PROVIDE FOR US ALL, A DEEP LEVEL OF RESPECT.

THIS IS WHAT THE BODY AND THE MAKEUP OF A FULLY MATURED FEMALE WHITE SHARK LOOKS LIKE.

LIKELY AROUND A 50-YEAR-OLD FISH , WELL OVER 3,000 POUNDS.

SHE HAS PROBABLY HAD 15 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES, WHICH MEANS SHE HAS HAD MAYBE UP TO 100 BABIES.

AND SOME OF THOSE BABIES NOW, ARE, YOU KNOW, OLD ENOUGH TO BE MAKING BABIES AND THEY'RE SEXUALLY MA MATURE SO SHE WOULD BE A PROPER AND TRUE MATRIARCH OF THE OCEAN, A GRAND MOTHER OF SHARKS.

FOR THE SCIENTISTS, IT ADDS A WHOLE NEW DATA SET BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE A LOT OF SAMPLES FROM ANIMALS OF THAT SIZE.

AND SO IF THEY CAN TEST THE DIFFERENCES IN WHAT HER BLOOD CHEMISTRY LOOKS LIKE TO A SUBADULT WHITE SHARK OR SMALLER MATURE ANIMAL AND CERTAINLY JUVENILE ANIMALS.

IF YOU LOOK AT THEIR ORGANS THROUGH AN ULTRASOUND BECAUSE EVERYTHING IS SO BIG AND CLEAR, IT'S DIFFERENT THAN DEALING WITH A SMALLER SHARK.

YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE SCARS AND BLOTCHES AND COLORATIONS THAT ARE ON HER BODY, AND THAT'S REALLY THE STORY OF HER LIFE, THE STORY OF WHAT SHE HAS HAD TO GO THROUGH.

WE WANTED TO GIVE HER A NEAM THAT REFLECTED HER ANCIENTNESS AND AWESOMENESS AND HER WISDOM AND WHAT SHE WILL SHARE WITH US AND WHAT SHE IS DOING FOR OUR FUTURE.

NAGUMI.

HER NAME MEANS GRANDMOTHER FROM THE LOCAL LANGUAGE HERE AND THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HERE OF NOVA SCOTIA.

EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THOSE BIG ONES LIKE THAT, IT MOVES YOU AND YOU ARE CHANGED EVERY TIME.

YOU ARE CHANGED.

>> SO NAGUMI ALONG WITH THE OTHER 83 WHITE SHARKS THAT WE HAVE TAGGED AND TRACKED... NOW HAVE LED US TO THIS DATA SET.

IN LESS THAN 10 YEARS.

THE FULL RANGE OF THE WHITE SHARKS OFF OUR EAST COAST AND ATLANTIC CANADA.

NOW THIS IS INTERESTING TO SEE BECAUSE NOW YOU CAN SEE WELL, OKAY, IF WE ARE GOING TO MANAGE THE WHITE SHARKS, WE NEED TO BE LOOKING AFTER THEM IN CANADA, BERMUDA, BAHAMAS AND CUBA.

WE DIDN'T EVEN KNOW WHO TO BRING TOGETHER FOR THE CONVERSATION BEFORE.

BUT THIS TRACKING IS ONLY INTERESTING IN SHOWING YOU WHERE THEY GO.

IT DOESN'T TELL YOU WHAT THEY DO WHERE THEY GO.

AND SO THAT'S WHAT THE OTHER 23 PROJECTS ARE FOR.

24 PROJECTS ON EACH SHARK, THREE HAVE TO DO WITH TRACKING.

SO THESE TRACKS ARE GREAT BUT THEY ONLY TELL YOU WHERE THE SHARK IS GOING, NOT WHAT IT IS DOING WHERE IT'S GOING.

THAT'S WHAT THE OTHER RESEARCH PROJECTS ARE FOR.

THIS IS SUPER EXCITING.

YOU ALL ARE SOME OF THE FIRST PEOPLE TO SEE.

WE HAVE PUBLISHED 80 PEER REVIEW PAPERS IN THIS PERIOD OF TIME AND THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST RECENT ONES AND THIS IS THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC WHITE SHARK.

THAT'S OUR WHITE SHARK OFF THE EAST COAST AND ATLANTIC CANADA OR THE LIFE HISTORY PUZZLE OF JAWS, IF YOU WANT TO REALLY SIMPLIFY IT, RIGHT?

OKAY.

SO I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU LIKE I'M A WHITE SHARK AND I WAS BORN.

I WAS BORN RIGHT HERE IN THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY BORN IN MAY, JUNE.

MY PARENTS DROPPED ME OFF, MY MOM DROPPED ME OFF IN AN UNBELIEVABLE LOCATION COVERED UP WITH BAIT.

THERE IS SO MUCH FOR ME TO EAT THAT I'M GOING TO BE EATING ALL SUMMER AND FALL UNTIL IT STARTS TO GET COOL.

BULKING UP FOR MY FIRST LITTLE MIGRATION IN THE FIRST YEAR OF MY LIFE BETWEEN THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY BITE LONG ISLAND DOWN TO THE CAROLINE AS WHERE I'M GOING TO OVER WINTER.

ONCE IT STARTS TO HEAT UP THE FOLLOWING SPRING, I'M GOING BACK NORTH BUT BY THE TIME I'M FOUR YEARS OLD, I'M COVERING THIS ENTIRE RANGE, MAYBE FOUR YEARS OLD, MAYBE EIGHT NINE FEET LONG, ALL THE WAY FROM NEWFOUNDLAND AROUND KEY WEST, AS FAR WEST AS THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

NOW I'M GOING TO DO THAT FOR 20 YEARS.

20 YEARS UP AND DOWN WHERE I COME DOWN HERE FOR THE WINTER, WHEN IT GETS COLD, I COME UP NORTH UP HERE.

WHY DO I GO UP NORTH?

I ARRIVE THERE SKINNY AFTER A LONG WINTER, HUNGRY EATING FISH AND SQUID AND I WANT TO GET BOOK THAT MARINE MAMMAL, RIGHT?

THAT SEAL.

I NEED TO FATTEN UP FOR THE FOLLOWING WINTER.

I'M THE WHITE SHARK.

I GO BACK TO THE SAME SPOT TO FEED EVERY SUMMER AND FALL AND THE OTHER WHITE SHARKS WE ALL PICK A SPOT AND GO BACK TO THE SAME SPOT EVERY SUMMER AND FALL BECAUSE I ALWAYS KNOW EXACTLY WHERE I AM AND I ALWAYS KNOW EXACTLY WHAT THE DATE IS AND I ALWAYS KNOW EXACTLY WHERE I'M GOING.

I CAN TELL YOU WITH THESE WHITE SHARKS, THERE IS NO RANDOM WANDERING AROUND.

THEY KNOW THEIR LIFE IS SO CLOSELY TIED TO THE MOON.

WHEN THEY START TO GO SOUTH ON THE RIGHT MOON AND NORTH ON THE RIGHT MOON AND OFF THE SAME BEACHES YEAR OVER YEAR ON VARIOUS TYPES OF DIFFERENT EVENTS.

FISH MIGRATIONS, THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING.

SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS.

THEY'RE THE BALANCE KEEPER AROUND ALL OF THESE EVENTS IN OUR OCEAN AND THEY GO PREDICTABLY YEAR OVER YEAR TO THE SAME PLACES.

AFTER I'M 20 YEARS OLD AND I HAVE BEEN GOING UP AND DOWN, I'M A MATURE FEMALE.

I'M NOT SEXUALLY MATURE UNTIL I'M 20.

CAN'T MATE UNTIL THEN.

WHEN I'M 20 YEARS OLD I'LL PILE UP HERE WITH THE OTHER MATURE ANIMALS OF OFF THE CAROLINAS OUTER BANKS AND MATE AROUND APRIL.

IF I'M SUCCESSFUL, I'M GOING TO MOVE OFFSHORE AND GESTATE AS FAR EAST AS THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE WHICH SEPARATES THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC FROM THE EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO BUMP INTO MALES WHEN I'M PREGNANT.

MATING IS VIOLENT.

I WANT JUST TO GESTATE.

AFTER ABOUT 15 MONTHS, I GO INTO THE NEW YORK NEW JERSEY BITE AND DROP OFF MY PUPS.

NOW WITH THAT DATA SET, YOU CAN MANAGE OUR WHITE SHARKS BACK OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

AND WE ARE DOING THAT RIGHT NOW.

WE ARE IN THE MIDST OF A SLOW, STEADY RECOVERY; WHICH MEANS WE ARE GOING TO SEE ABUNDANCE OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

WE ARE ALREADY SEEING ABUNDANCE IN SOMETHING THAT SHOULD BE CELEBRATED IN THE MIDST OF THESE CONVERSATIONS AROUND THE OCEAN THAT ARE OFTEN TIMES SO DOOM AND GLOOM.

AND THAT IS NOT INSPIRING.

WE ARE WINNING IN THE UNITED STATES.

WE SHOULD BE HAVING ABUNDANCE PARTIES.

ON THE BEACHES OF THE EAST AN WEST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND A LARGE PART OF THAT IS BECAUSE OF THE RETURN OF OUR SHARKS.

AND AS WE LOOK AROUND THE REST OF THE WORLD, IT'S NOT SUCH AN OPTIMISTIC STORY BUT IT'S A LIGHT.

IT'S A BEACON TO TALK TO OTHER PEOPLE AND OTHER COUNTRIES AND SAY LOOK AT WHAT WE DID IN JUST 30 YEARS.

IN THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

NOW HERE ARE A FEW SHARK TIDBITS I JUST TALKED ABOUT.

FEMALES MATE ONLY EVERY OTHER YEAR BECAUSE OF LONG GESTATION PERIOD.

CAN'T MATE UNTIL THEY'RE 20 YEARS OLD.

THEY HAVE SEVEN PICKUP TRUCKS EVERY OTHER YEAR.

THE PUPS ARE 40 POUNDS, FOUR AND A HALF FEET LONG WHEN THEY'RE BORN.

NOW WHEN WE STARTED OPENING UP THE TRACKER IN 2012, I DON'T KNOW IF ANY OF YOU KNOW THIS, YOU CAN TRACK THE SHARKS IN REAL TIME ON YOUR PHONE.

IT'S FREE, THE OCEARCH APP OROSEARCH.ORG, IT EXPLODED THE INCLUSION.

OUR CORE VALUE IS INCLUSION BECAUSE IN THE END, IT IS GOING TO TAKE US ALL ANYWAY.

WE WANTED TO DISRUPT THE CONCEPT OF THE OWNERSHIP OF DATA.

THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME I EVER HAD TO FIGHT TO OWN SOMETHING SO I COULD GIVE IT AWAY.

WE ARE IN AFRICA IN 2012 AND I'M STARTING A TRACKER.

WE NEED TO GET EVERYBODY INVOLVED IN THIS DEAL.

NO, NO, WHO OWNS THE DATA AND THE SCIENTISTS STARTED FIGHTING AMONGST THEMSELVES AND SOMEBODY SAID HEY, CHRIS, I THINK YOU ARE PAYING FOR THIS.

I THINK YOU OWN ALL THE DATA.

[LAUGHTER] AT THE TIME I WAS MAKING A TV SHOW, WE FUNDED IT FOR A WHILE BAKING TV SHOWS, WE SOLD 20 MILLION WORTH OF TV TO NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC AND THE HISTORY CHANNEL FOR OUR WORK.

I TOOK HALF TO GIVE IT TO THE SCIENTISTS, THE SHIP, WE GIVE THE SHIP TO THE SCIENTISTS AND USE THE OTHER HALF TO MAKE THE SHOW.

I WAS LIKE THAT'S FANTASTIC.

I OWN THE DATA.

I LOOKED AT EVERYBODY AND I SAID YOU NEED TO THINK ABOUT THIS, I NEVER TELL THIS STORY.

I SAID YOU NEED TO THINK ABOUT LIKE DATA AS AIR.

IF YOU WANT SOME, YOU JUST BREATHE IT IN.

I'M LIKE WE ARE GIVING IT ALL AWAY.

AND THEY WERE STUNNED AND THEY THOUGHT IT WOULD COMPROMISE THEIR WORK.

AND I SAID HEY, WE CAN FIND THE MIDDLE GROUND.

WE CAN SHOW PEOPLE THE DATA AND BRING IT IN AND STILL MAINTAIN THE INTEGRITY OF YOUR DATA SO YOU CAN PUBLISH.

WE JUST GOT TO LIKE THINK IN NEW WAYS.

IT'S A NEW ERA.

AND WE WERE ABLE TO DO THAT IN THE TRACKER.

ONCE WE STARTED BRINGING PEOPLE IN ON THE TRACKER, THEN THE STUDENTS STARTED TRACKING THE SHARKS.

AND YOU KNOW, I WAS ALWAYS TOLD FROM THE DINNER TABLE IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO CHOOSE TO LIVE IN THE BIGGEST ROOM IN THE WORLD.

AND THIS WAS SOMETHING MY MOM AND DAD TALKED ABOUT A LOT.

AND THE BIGGEST ROOM IN THE WORLD IS THE ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT.

NO MATTER HOW GOOD YOU GET AT ANYTHING, YOU CAN ALWAYS GET BETTER.

NEVER BE SATISFIED.

JUST LIFT YOURSELF UP WHETHER YOU ARE WORKING AND THEN DON'T STAY THERE.

YOU ARE NOW AT A VISTA FROM WHICH TO SEE FURTHER TO REACH FOR MORE.

AND SO IN THE ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT, ONE TIME I WENT INTO THIS THIRD GRADE CLASS IN JACKSON ELVILLE FLAR-- JACKSONVILLE FLORIDA AND THEY HAD MARY LEE ON THE WALL.

I NEVER TOLD MY MOM THIS STORY.

THEY HAD A LIFE SIZE MARY LEE WITH MEASUREMENTS AND TRACKING HER MOVEMENTS AND LEARNING GEOGRAPHY.

I SAID WHAT IS GOING ON.

I CAN'T GET THE KIDS INTERESTED IN STEM STUFF BUT THEY LOVE THE SHARKS SO I'M TRICKING THEM.

THEY DON'T KNOW IT BUT I'M TEACHING THEM MATH AND GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY AND I WAS LIKE OH MAN, CAN I BUM THAT.

CAN I SCALE THAT.

NOW WE HAVE A FULL EDUCATION TEAM AND WE HAVE A WORLD CLASS STEM EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM OF OVER 100 LESSON PLANS AND 250 LANGUAGES IN BOTH ENGLISH AND METRIC SYSTEM.

FREE AND OPEN SOURCED.

WHILE THE KIDS TRACK WHITE SHARKS... [ APPLAUSE ] WHY NOT, WHITE RIGHT?

IT DOESN'T COST ANYMORE MONEY.

THE MONEY IS SUNK ON THE WATER.

ALL THESE LAYERS THAT INCREASE IMPACT.

AND SO NOW THERE IS MILLIONS OF KIDS AROUND THE WORLD USING THAT AND IT'S JUST BEEN SPECTACULAR.

AND YOU KNOW, FINALLY, AS WE WIND DOWN, WE TALKED ABOUT THE ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT.

IT WAS ALSO OVERWHELMING TO START THIS BUT ANOTHER LESSON FROM THE DINNER TABLE WAS NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE.

JUST KEEP INCHING FORWARD AND AN INCH IS A CINCH BUT A YARD IS HARD.

KEEP MOVING OVER TYPE.

IT'S POWERFUL AND WE DID THAT AND WE STARTED OFF WITH JUST TRYING TO CATCH A SHARK AND THEN SO MANY PEOPLE PILED IN, WE SAID WE HAD A RESPONSIBILITY TO DO MORE WITH THIS.

WHAT CAN OCEARCH BECOME?

OCEARCH CAN AND WILL BECOME THE MOST INFLUENTIAL VOICE IN THE GLOBAL OCEAN SPACE.

AND IT WILL BE CENTRIST AND IT WILL BE INCLUSIVE BECAUSE THE SPECIAL CAUSE OF SAUCE OF ALL THE LIFE LESSONS AT THE DINNER TABLE IS THAT ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE IF YOU DO NOT CARE WHO GETS THE CREDIT.

ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE IF YOU DO NOT CARE WHO GETS THE CREDIT.

THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

[ APPLAUSE ] >> CHRIS, I'M GOING TO LET YOU KNOW THAT TOMORROW MORNING, BASED UPON WHAT I JUST HEARD YOU SAY, I'M CALLING OUR NEW ARCHBISHOP AND I'M TELLING HIM THAT THE FUTURE OF THE LENTON FISH FRY LOOKS BRIGHT.

>> IN PERPETUITY.

>> LET ME INTRODUCE OUR SECOND GUEST TONIGHT.

PETER SCHICKLER, GROWING UP IN LOUISVILLE, PETER ATTENDED INDIANA UNIVERSITY AND COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY WHERE HE RECEIVED HIS B.A.

AND M.A.

IN BIOLOGY.

PRIOR TO OBTAINING HIS J.D.

FROM NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL.

PETER CURRENTLY SERVES AS SENIOR COUNSEL AT THE NEW YORK CITY LAW DEPARTMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL LAW DIVISION WHERE HE REPRESENTS THE CITY AND ITS AGENCIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND LEADS IN SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES.

THROUGHOUT HIS CAREER, PETER HAS CONDUCTED RESEARCH AND WRITTEN PUBLICATIONS ON VARIOUS ENDANGERED SPECIES, INCLUDING FISH AMONG OUR ECOSYSTEM.

PETER.

[ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

I WANTED TO JUST QUICKLY THANK KENTUCKY TO THE WORLD AND SHELLY, I THINK YOU ARE SITTING SOMEWHERE OVER THERE.

MAYBE AND THE KENTUCKY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS.

I WAS THRILLED WHEN SHELLY CONTACTED ME AND ASKED IF I WOULD PARTICIPATE IN THIS BECAUSE WITH MY SCIENCE BACKGROUND, AND I DIDN'T KNOW THAT MUCH ABOUT YOUR ORGANIZATION AND WHEN I GOT TO DO A DEEP DIVE, YOU KNOW, IT REALLY WAS KIND OF-- IT BLEW MY MIND.

AS SOMEBODY WITH A SCIENCE BACKGROUND, YOU KNOW, I LIKE TO THINK I'M UP TO DATE ON THINGS AND I HAD NO IDEA THE DATA DEFICIT THAT EXISTED.

YOU KNOW WE ALL KNOW JAWS.

SO SHARKS IN OUR PSYCHE AND THAT HAS BEEN THE CASE SINCE THE 70s AND 80s BUT I HAD NO IDEA THAT WE DIDN'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT IT.

>> WE HEAR THAT ALL THE TIME.

PEOPLE TALK ABOUT, WE KNOW MORE ABOUT THE MOON THAN THE OCEAN.

SO IT'S KIND OF, YOU HEAR IT AROUND YOU BUT YOU DON'T NECESSARILY CONNECT THE DOTS DOWN TO THE FINE SCALE OF THE DATA.

>> AND WHEN-- FIRST OF ALL, OCEARCH, IF YOU HAVEN'T GONE DOWN THE RABBIT HOLE ON YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK, DO IT.

THE CONTENT THAT YOU ARE PRODUCING IS AMAZING.

AND IT WAS JUST, IT REALLY MADE ME GIDDY AND NOSTALGIC FOR MY FORMER SCIENCE BACKGROUND AND WANTING TO GET BACK INTO THE FIELD.

IT'S A TREAT.

SO THANK YOU FOR WHAT YOU DO AND YOUR COLLEAGUES.

>> IT'S BEEN A PRIVILEGE.

>> YOU MENTIONED JUST BRIEFLY THAT THERE IS A SHARK OUT THERE NAMED MARY LEE, OBVIOUSLY NAMED AFTER YOUR MOM.

AND THAT OBVIOUSLY CARRIES A LOT OF SIGNIFICANCE PERSONALLY.

I ALSO, SOME OF THE THINGS YOU HAVE DONE IN THE PAST, YOU TOLD A STORY ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MARY LEE THE SHARK AND I'M WONDERING IF YOU MIGHT TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT.

>> THIS IS ALWAYS A HARD ONE.

A HARD JOURNEY, YOU KNOW.

THERE WAS A LOT OF TIMES WHERE, YOU KNOW, I HAD LEVERAGED EVERYTHING I HAVE AND I THOUGHT WE WERE GOING TO NOT MAKE IT ON THIS JOURNEY AND ONE OF THOSE TIMES WAS 2012 AFTER WE HAD DONE 30 HOURS OF TV ON NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC AND 12 HOURS ON THE HISTORY CHANNEL AND THEN THE SHOW WASN'T RENEWED AND I WAS LEVERAGING THE SHOW TO PAY FOR THINGS.

AND I HAD A LITTLE BIT OF MONEY LEFT FROM THE SHOW WITH HISTORY CHANNEL AND I HAD PROMISED THE PERSON UP IN CAPE COD THAT I WOULD HELP THEM.

AND SO WHEN THE SHOW WASN'T RENEWED, THE CHOICE WAS, YOU KNOW, LIKE RUN HOME AND TIE IT UP AND TRY TO FIRE SALE EVERYTHING OR, YOU KNOW, GO HELP THIS PERSON, MAYBE DO SOMETHING ON THE EAST COAST EVEN IF YOU JUST TAG A FEW SHARKS AND THEN YOU LOSE THE SHIP AND LOSE YOUR HOUSE.

IT WAS A TOUGH TRIP.

I WAS OUT THERE TRYING TO KEEP ALL THE GUYS GOING.

I WAS CALLING MY DAD LIKE LITERALLY GOING OUT ON LITTLE BOATS, REALLY TERRIFIED, LIKE TRYING TO MAKE A PLAN.

AND BUT THE GUYS I WANTED THEM TO KEEP WORKING HARD AND THEN SURE ENOUGH THIS MASSIVE SHARK COMES IN AND A LOT OF CAT AND MOUSE WITH THAT ANIMAL.

IT DIDN'T WANT TO PICK UP THE BAIT.

IN FACT IT NEVER BIT A HOOK.

IT WAS ALL AROUND THE BOAT.

MY RIGHT HAND MAN, CAPTAIN BRETT McBRIDE, MOST GIFTED WATERMAN I'VE EVER MET.

I SAID MAY MAN, WHEN I SHAKE CHUM OVER THE SIDE, IT WANTS TO COME UP WITH ITS MOUTH OPEN AND GETS NEXT TO THE BHOAT AND THEN BUGS OUT.

I WAS LIKE WHAT IF I SHAKE THIS THING AND IT COMES UP WITH ITS MOUTH OPEN AND YOU JUST STICK THE HOOK IN THE CORNER OF ITS MOUTH AND HE WAS LIKE, I CAN DO THAT.

AND IF YOU KNEW BRETT, YOU WOULD KNOW THAT'S WHAT HE WOULD SAY, BECAUSE HE CAN.

AND SO SURE ENOUGH, I WAS SHAKING WHICH BIG CHUNK OF TUNA AND UP IT COMES.

IT WAS 4,000 POUND ANIMAL, 17 FEET.

AND RIGHT OFF THE SIDE OF THE BOAT.

SHAKING AND SHAKING.

IT CAME UP.

I PULLED IT OUT OF THE WAY AND HE REACHED DOWN AND STUCK THE HOOK IN THE CORNER OF HER MOUTH AND HE WAS LIKE, OH I THINK I GOT HER.

HE DIDN'T WANT TO PULL TOO HARD BECAUSE HE THOUGHT IT MIGHT COME OUT.

SHE WAS SWIMMING AROUND AND HE SAID WE GOT HER.

AND BRUTAL MOST DIFFICULT, A LOT OF CURRENT.

WE COULDN'T GET BACK UP THE CURRENT TO GET HER INTO THE CRADLE.

BUT WE DID EVENTUALLY.

TOOK A LOT OF PATIENCE AND SO WE GOT HER IN THERE AND WE GOT THE TAG ON HER AND WE DID THE WORK.

AND I NAMED THE SHARK MARY LEE AFTER MY MOM.

AND I DID THAT BECAUSE I THOUGHT IT WAS GOING TO BE THE LAST WHITE SHARK WE EVER TOUCHED.

WE WENT HOME FROM THAT TRIP.

IT WAS THE ONLY TIME I'VE EVER TAKEN A PICTURE OF THE SHIP.

I DIDN'T THINK I WOULD SEE THE SHIP AGAIN.

AND HINDSIGHT IS SO POWERFUL, IF YOU DON'T THINK THINGS ARE CONNECTED, MARY LEE, THE SHARK, THEN PROCEEDED SWIM DOWN THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND STICK HER NOSE IN EVERY RIVER AND BAY AND ESTUARY AND THE WHOLE EASTERN SEA BOARD FELL IN LOVE WITH MARY LEE.

AND OCEARCH SCALE ERUPTED.

AND I WAS LIKE WOW, IN THE MODERN ERA OF CONNECTIVITY AND SOCIAL MEDIA, MARY LEE, WE GAVE HER-- I'M STILL PISSED ABOUT MARY LEE.

SHE HAD 125,000 TWITTER FOLLOWERS.

AND I STILL ONLY HAVE 30,000.

SHE DOMINATED ME IN NO TIME.

BUT THE WHOLE WORLD BECAME AWARE OF OUR WORK.

SHE SWAM DOWN TO JACKSONVILLE FLORIDA AND AT THE TIME PEOPLE WERE LIKE, THERE ARE NO WHITE SHARKS IN FLORIDA.

BELIEVE IT OR NOT, IN 2012, PEOPLE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THAT WAS THE WINTERING GROUND OF THE WHITE SHARK.

THE WHOLE PLACE IS COVERED UP IN WHITE SHARKS IN THE WINTER.

SHE WENT RIGHT UNDERNEATH THE JACKSONVILLE BEACH PIER AND I REMEMBER I LIVE OUTWEST IN THE MOUNTAINS, BLIZZARD, JANUARY, FULL BLIZZARD LATE AT NIGHT AND I WAS LIKE MARY LEE JUST POPPED UP UNDERNEATH THE PIER AT JACKSONVILLE BEACH.

I HAD JUST STARTED TO TRACK HER AND I'M LIKE, I FEEL LIKE I'M SUPPOSED TO TELL SOMEBODY THIS.

I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.

I CALLED THE JACKSONVILLE BEACH PLARLT.

I WAS LIKE THIS IS GOING TO BE THE CRAZIEST PHONE CALL YOU HAVE EVER HAD IN YOUR LIFE.

I'M TRACKING THIS 4,000 POUND WHITE SHARK, TWO HOURS BEFORE PEOPLE ARE GOING TO SURF.

SHE IS IN A SURF SPOT.

I FELT LIKE I HAD TO TELL SOMEBODY.

SO THEY SAW THE TRACKER.

THEY WENT DOWN, SHUTED DOWN THE BEACH FOR A COUPLE OF HOURS AND MARY LEE PINGED IN A FEW MILES DOWN THE BEACH AND THEY OPENED IT UP.

THE FLOOD GATES OPENED.

EVERYBODY WANTED TO TELL THE STORY AND IT CREATED SO MUCH SCALE THAT IF YOU ARE INTO THE ENTERPRISE STORY OF OCEARCH WHICH IS FASCINATING TO ME, I SUDDENLY REALIZED WHY YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE ON TV ANYMORE.

YOU CAN DRIVE BRAND INTEGRATED CONTENT ACROSS ALL SOCIAL PLATFORMS AND BECOME YOUR OWN SMALL NETWORK.

AND WE WERE DOING A COUPLE HUNDRED MILLION VIEWERS A YEAR ON THE NETWORKS.

AND IN THE LAST QUARTER OF 2012, MARY LEE THE SHARK DROVE 1.6 BILLION EARNED MEDIA AND SOCIAL IMPRESSIONS.

LIKE SHE WAS EIGHT TIMES BIGGER THAN THE SHOW IN ONE QUARTER.

[ APPLAUSE ] AND SO I WAS LIKE, I THINK WE CAN LEVERAGE THAT, RIGHT?

SO YOU KNOW WHAT I DID?

I TOOK THAT TO CATERPILLAR BECAUSE THERE ARE FIVE CATERPILLAR ENGINES ON THE SHIP.

I SAID WE CAN BE YOUR CAUSE AND A LOT OF PEOPLE WILL KNOW ABOUT IT AND WE'LL MAKE A LOT OF BEAUTIFUL CONTENT FOR YOU AND CATERPILLAR CAME IN AND SAVED OCEARCH, THEY GAVE US A THREE YEAR TWO MILLION DOLLAR CONTRACT AND SAID GET BACK ON YOUR FEET.

WE'LL SPOT YOU FOR A WHILE AND THEY DID FOR THREE YEARS AND WE WERE ABLE TO DO THAT AND MARY LEE THE SHARK, IN HINDSIGHT, IT'S SO WILD.

MARY LEE THE SHARK SAVED OCEARCH, THERE WOULD BE NO OCEARCH WITHOUT MARY LEE THE SHARK.

AND WE DIDN'T KNOW IT AT THE TIME AND IT HELPS YOU THINK, IF YOU DON'T THINK THERE IS MORE GOING ON OUT THERE, YOU ARE JUST NOT PICKING UP THE CLUES THAT ARE ALL AROUND YOU.

>> MAYBE MARY LEE NEEDS TO BE UP HERE.

THAT ACTUALLY, I WANTED TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE SCIENCE FOR AT LEET LEAST THE DATA COLLECTION ASPECT OF THAT.

MARY LEE WAS TAGGED THAT WAS 2012 AND I THINK YOU ARE DOING-- YOU HAVE 12 MINUTES TO DO HOW MANY DIFFERENT RESEARCH?

24 DIFFERENT ONES.

>> ONE IS A-- >> A SPOT TAG.

>> THAT'S THE TRACKER.

>> THAT'S A FIVE YEAR LIFE.

SO THE LAST PING, I THINK ON MARY LEE WAS JUNE-- 17 OR 18.

WE GOT A GOOD FIVE-YEAR TRACK OUT OF HER.

SHE HAS HER PRIVACY BACK.

>> BUT HAS THERE BEEN ANY SIGHTINGS OR ANYTHING?

I DON'T THOUGH HOW THAT WOULD HAPPEN?

>> THERE HAVE BEEN NO SIGHTINGS.

I THINK THAT'S THE MOST AMAZING THING ABOUT THESE ANIMALS.

THEY'RE INVISIBLE.

THEY'RE LIKE THE MOUNTAIN LION IN THE FOREST.

WE HAVE BEEN SWIMMING WITH THEM ALL OUR LIVES.

NOTHING HAS CHANGED.

WE JUST KNOW NOW, YOU KNOW, AND THEY CAN BE ALL AROUND YOU; FOR EXAMPLE, WE HAD A SHARK LEAD US UP TO CANADA AND PEOPLE WERE LIKE, THERE ARE NO WHITE SHARKS IN CANADA.

WE TAGGED 40 WHITE SHARKS IN CANADA IN THE LAST THREE YEARS.

I MEAN THEY'RE INVISIBLE.

THEY'RE ALL AROUND US.

IT WOULD HAVE TO BE A GIFT FROM THE OCEAN, YOU KNOW, THAT SHE WOULD SWIM UP.

EVERY BEEN SEEN AND SHE SWAM RIGHT UP THE BAY.

SHE HAS BEEN IN COUNTLESS RIVERS AND ESTUARIESES BUT THEY'RE INVISIBLE IN THE WATER.

>> IS THERE-- I THINK OCEARCH HAS TAGGED ABOUT 400 SHARKS?

>> YEAH.

>> ARE THERE ANY OTHER SHARKS OUT THERE?

I KNOW YOU HAVE TALKED IN THE PAST ABOUT SOME OTHER SIGNIFICANT SHARKS THAT HAVE BEEN THE FIRST FOR THUNKS AND JUST WONDER IF YOU WANT TO... >> I THINK OFF OF THE EAST COAST OF THE SUNS WHICH HELPED SOLVE THE PUZZLE IN 2012 NOBODY HAD ANY IDEA THERE WERE WHITE SHARKS IN CANADA OR FLORIDA AND THAT'S WHERE THEY SPEND MOST OF THEIR TYPE.

SO WE TAGGED A SHARK OFF SOUTH CAROLINA CALLED HILTON OFF HILTON HEAD AND HE LED TO US NOVA SCOTIA.

AND WE WERE LIKE THEY'RE GOING TO NOVA SCOTIA.

WE FOLLOWED HILTON UP TO NOVA SCOTIA AND WE HAVE SINCE TAGGED ABOUT 40 WHITE SHARKS RIGHT WHERE HE TOOK US.

LYDIA, AFTER MARY LEE PINGED IN IN JACKSONVILLE, WE ARE LIKE WOW, THERE ARE WHITE SHARKS IN FLORIDA.

WE TAGGED A WHITE FEMALE SHARK LED US TO NEWFOUNDLAND, WE DID NOT KNOW NEWFOUNDLAND WAS PART OF THE PUZZLE.

AND THEN YOU CAN'T REALLY-- THE MOST IMPORTANT SHARKS WERE PROBABLY THE 20 YOUNG OF THE YEAR SHARKS.

MARY LEE SWAM INTO THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY BITE AT A TIME THAT WAS A LITTLE DIFFERENT MOVE THAN WE THOUGHT, AT A TIME WHEN SHE SHOULD HAVE BEEN-- IT WAS BIRTHING SEASON.

WE DIDN'T KNOW AT THE TIME BUT WHAT WE THOUGHT BECAUSE THERE HAD BEEN SOME WORK DONE BY A SCIENTIST IN THE 80s WHO CAUGHT A FEW SMALL SHARKS IN THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY.

SHE LED US THERE AND WE WERE ABLE TO-- WE WENT TOMAN TALK TO MONTAUK.

PEOPLE WERE SAYING THERE ARE NO WHITE SHARKS.

WE CAUGHT 20 BABY WHITE SHARKS.

THOSE 20 BABY WHITE SHARKS DID FIND THE NURSERY FOR US WHICH IS THE REAL CORE FUNDAMENTAL DATA SET TO RETURNING THEM TO ABUNDANCE BECAUSE THE ANIMALS ARE MUCH MORE FRAGILE WHEN THEY'RE YOUNG, JUST LIKE HUMANS.

YOU GET THEM THROUGH THE FIRST FEW YEARS AND THEY BECOME PRETTY DURABLE.

>> AS SOMEBODY WHO GOES TO THE BEACHES OF LONG ISLAND AND JACOB REESE AND GOING OUT TO THE NORTHFORK AND SOUTH FORK, GOOD TO KNOW THAT THEY'RE OUT THERE.

YOU KNOW, THERE HAS OBVIOUS-- YOU HAVE FILLED THAT DATA DEFICIT, OCEARCH.

>> ON THIS ONE OF EIGHT PUZZLES.

>> YEAH AND I KNOW THAT OCEARCH IS GROWING AND I THINK YOU HAVE MENTIONED A COWELL OF TIMES TONIGHT AND IN THE PROGRAM EARLIER JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY.

I THINK THAT IS A CONNECTION THERE.

AND I JUST WONDER IF YOU COULD TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF OCEARCH, WHAT IT IS GOING TO DO TO GROW?

WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS.

>> JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY IS THE ACADEMIC HOME OF OCEARCH.

IT'S RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WINTER RANGE OF THE WHITE SHARKS.

REALLY THERE BECAUSE OF THE LEADERSHIP, ENTREPRENEURIAL PRESIDENT THERE AND GREAT MARINE BIOLOGY PROGRAM.

AGAIN GOING TBAK TO BENCHMARKING CUE COUSTEAU, YOU KNOW HE LED 22 EXPEDITION, A LOT OF SCALE, BUT HE, WHAT HE HAD BUILT WAS PRICELESS.

AND THEN WHEN HE PASSED, IT WAS LOST AND I WAS DETERMINED NOT TO MAKE THAT MISTAKE.

IF WE WERE FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO GET SOMETHING GOING THAT HAD VALUE, JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY IS THE PLAN TO MAKE SURE THAT OCEARCH CAN EXCEED THE LIFESPAN OF ANY INDIVIDUALMENT UDZ MANY-- IT'S UP AND GOING AND CAN KEEP GOING FOR MANY GENERATIONS.

THEY UNDERSTOOD THE COLLABORATIVE SPIRIT OF BRINGING SCIENTISTS FROM DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS TOGETHER AND THAT HAS GROWN.

NOW THE CITY OF JACKSONVILLE HAS GIVEN US A $4 MILLION PIECE OF PROPERTY AND IS BUILDING US A $2 MILLION DOCK AND THE STATE OF FLORIDA IS IN THE PROCESS OF GIVING US $7 MILLION TO BUILD THE OCEARCH WORLD HEADQUARTERS IN MAY PORT FLORIDA WHICH IS PART OF JACKSONVILLE FLORIDA.

>> I WON'T TRY TO MAKE A JOKE ABOUT JAWS BUT YOU'VE GOT THE ONE MARINE VESSEL, OCEARCH.

DO YOU NEED A BIGGER BOAT?

SORRY.

>> WE HAVE A BIGGER BOAT.

EVERYBODY SAYS DO YOU NEED A BIGGER BOAT.

WE GOT THE BIGGER BOAT.

I DON'T THINK THAT A BUNCH OF SHIPS IS NECESSARILY THE ANSWER.

WE HAVE DESIGNED A SMALLER BOAT, WHICH IS PART OF THE 13 MILLION-DOLLAR BUDGET THAT WILL BE CENTERED IN MAYPORT THERE.

IT'S A 45-FOOT CAT MA RAN THAT HAS A LIFT IN THE MIDDLE AND WE WILL BRING THE PRACTICAL AND USE THE SHIP TO GO OUT AROUND THE WORLD, THE TIP OF THE SWORD, RIGHT?

IT CAN GO AND LIVE AND WORK ON THE WATER IN PLACES WHERE HAVE YOU TO LIVE OUT THERE FOR A MONTH.

BUT THEN ONCE WE GET THE ROUGH OUTLINE OF WHERE THE SHARKS ARE MOVING, YOU ARE LIKE WE COULD JUST PUT A FIELD STATION AND A LITTLE BOAT THERE AND A FIELD STATION AND LITTLE BOAT THERE, MUCH LESS EXPENSIVE THAN HAVING SHIPS AND OPERATING SHIPS.

>> AND YOU'VE GOT AN EXPEDITION COMING UP RELATIVELY SOON.

THAT'S GOING TO BE... >> JULY 22 IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

SO THIS IS, WE ARE WRAPPING UP.

THE SCIENTISTS WANTED 100 SHARKS TO SOLVE THE PUZZLE OFF THE EAST COAST AND RIGHT NOW WE ARE AT 84.

BETWEEN ONE EXPEDITION IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND THEN ONE MORE OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, WE WILL BE DONE OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND THEN WE ARE GOING TO MOVE THE SHIP AND WE WILL HAVE THE SMALL BOAT COMING IN TO CONTINUE THE LOCAL WORK.

A FIELD STATION BEING BUILT IN NOVA SCOTIA AND ONE THAT WE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IN JACKSONVILLE AND ONE UP THERE BUT IT'S NOT AN OCEARCH OFFICE BUT WE SUPPORT THEM.

WE ARE MOVING OVER TO THE MEDITERRANEAN TO TRY TO TURN AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

I DON'T KNOW IF YOU ALL KNOW IT BUT MOST PEOPLE KIND OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE ON THE WATER THEY SAY THE MED IS DEAD.

AND THAT'S JUST NOT OKAY.

WE CAN'T SAY THAT AND JUST BE OKAY, I'M NOT OKAY WITH THAT.

SO WE ARE GOING TO GO OVER AND SOLVE THE PUZZLE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WHITE SHARK AND THEN THERE WILL BE SO MANY EYEBALLS ON THAT BECAUSE OF THE WHITE SHARK AND BECAUSE OF THE INCLUSION AND OPENNESS THAT WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO LEVERAGE THAT TO BEGIN TO TURN THE TIDE TO BRING THE MEDITERRANEAN OCEAN BACK, YOU KNOW, WHILE WE SOLVE THE PUZZLE.

NOW WE DID IT IN 30 YEARS OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

THE IMMEDIATE MIGHT TAKE 100 YEARS BUT IF YOU DON'T START, YOU DON'T GET STARTED.

SO WE ARE GOING TO GO OVER THERE AND DO EVERYTHING WE CAN TO-- THEY'RE OVER THERE, MY BIGGEST CONCERN IS THAT THERE ARE ALMOST NONE LEFT.

IT'S NOT THE SAME AS OVER HERE ON THE EAST COASTS.

WE KNEW THERE WERE STILL WHITE SHARKS AND WE KNOW THEY'RE RECOVERING.

OVER THERE THE BIGGEST CONCERN IS IF YOU KIND-- CAN YOU FIND ONE OF THE LAST FEW TO TURN IT AROUND.

>> AND BY BUILDING THE ENTERPRISE THAT YOU ARE DOING NOW WITH THE PARTNERSHIP WITH JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY, YOU ARE GOING TO PUT YOURSELF IN A POSITION TO HAVE OCEARCH BE THERE.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

BECAUSE THEY HAVE A CAMPUS IN ITALY, YOU KNOW, SO WE HAVE A DOCK.

>> THAT WILL BE A NICE PLACE TO GO.

I THINK THE ANSWER WILL BE YES TO THIS BUT THE INFORMATION, THE DATA THAT YOU HAVE COLLECTED AND STARTED TO FINISH THAT PUZZLE FOR THE WESTERN ATLANTIC, BASED ON WHETHER IT'S UNDERSTANDING THAT, YOU KNOW, THE SHARKS ARE HANGING OUT IN THE BITE OF NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, BECAUSE OF THE MENHADEN, CAN YOU TRANSFER THAT DATA AND THE LIFE CYCLE AND HISTORY AND ECOLOGY THERE AND START HYPOTHESIZING WHAT TO EXPECT.

>> WE ABSOLUTELY DO THAT.

CAN YOU PATTERN A WHITE SHARK?

WE ARE ONE OF THE FEW GROUPS THAT HAS HAD THE TREMENDOUS PRIVILEGE, WE WORKED ON THE WHITE SHARK POPULATION IN SOUTH AFRICA, WORKED OFF CALIFORNIA DOWN IN MEXICO, NOW OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES AND THEY ALL HAVE A VERY CLEAR PATTERN, WHICH IS SIMILAR TO WHAT I JUST DESCRIBED TO YOU GUYS.

I MEAN THEY'RE GOING NORTH TO FORAGE, TO BULK UP FOR THE WINTER ON MARINE MA'AM-- MAMMAL UNLESS THEY'RE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE AND THEN THEY GO SOUTH.

WHEN IT GETS TOO COLD, THEY COME DOWN TO LIKE OFF FLORIDA OVER WINTER.

SO WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MEDITERRANEAN WHITE SHARK, IF IT MIRRORS THAT IT IS GOING TO BE THE MEDITERRANEAN WHITE SHARK LIVE THERE IN THE WINTER, GETS TOO HOT IN THE SUMMER.

THE WHITE SHARKS LIKE 59-67-DEGREE WATER TEMPERATURES.

THEY DON'T LIKE IT TOO HOT.

THAT'S WHERE YOU FIND THE TIGER SHARK, THE BALANCE KEEPER OF THE TROPICAL WATER.

THEY'RE HYPOTHESIZING THEY'RE WINTERING THERE AND IN THE SUMMER THEY MOVE UP TO THE U.K., IRELAND, SCOTLAND, ENGLAND AND PILING ON THE SEALS.

SCOTT AND IN-- SCOTLAND IN SEPTEMBER IS WHERE THE SEALS ARE.

IF I WERE A WHITE SHARK, THAT'S WHERE WOULD I BE IF I WAS IN THE EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC.

I HAD A PHONE CALL WITH A SCIENTIST TRYING TO DO SOMETHING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

I SAID WE ARE STARTING UP IN THE U.K.

HE SAID BUT THERE HAS NEVER BEEN A WHITE SHARK CAUGHT OR SEEN IN THE UK.

I SAID I KNOW.

HE SAID I TELL YOU WHEN WE GO AROUND THE WORLD CATCHING THEM WHERE THEY OVER WINTER IS IMPOSSIBLE.

YOU HAVE TO CATCH THEM IN THE SUMMER AND FALL WHERE FEE FEEDING BECAUSE YOU CAN LEVERAGE THE SEALS TO LOCATE THEM.

IF THEY'RE AROUND, THEY'RE COMING IN ON THE SEALS.

OUR HYPOTHESIS IS WE ARE GOING TO GO TO A PLACE WHERE NO ONE HAS SEEN OR CAUGHT A WHITE SHARK AND CATCH ONE AND SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF THE MED.

>> THAT'S EXCITING.

AND I THINK YOU HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE OCEARCH MODEL COLLABORATIVE BRINGING THE PRACTICAL WITH THE SCIENCE WORKS.

AND YOU HAVE BEEN ABLE TO APPLY IT.

ARE YOU STILL FACING CHALLENGES, YOU KNOW, I THINK YOU'VE TALKED ABOUT IN THE PAST YOU HAVE RUN UP AGAINST SOME PEOPLE THAT ARE MAYBE SKEPTICAL AND YOU CAN TALK ABOUT WHY YOU THINK THEY'RE SKEPTICAL OF THE APPROACH AND IS THAT STILL A PROBLEM?

DO YOU HAVE A STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH THAT?

>> THE PROBLEMS WE BUMPED INTO IN THE BEGINNING OF OUR JOURNEY WE DON'T HAVE ANYMORE.

THE VERY BEGINNING OF THE JOURNEY, YOU KNOW, OCEARCH WAS VERY DISRUPTIVE BECAUSE WE WERE BRINGING GROUPS OF SCIENTISTS TOGETHER WITH DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES AND HAVING THEM WORK TOGETHER.

LIKE THE IDEA OF ONE SCIENTIST COLLECTING DATA FOR THEIR PROJECT AND THEN FOUR OTHER PROJECTS JUST DIDN'T HAPPEN.

THEY GOT TO GO DO IT THEMSELVES.

BUT NO, YOU ARE ONLY GOING TO BE HERE A FEW DAYS AND YOU ARE GOING TO BE GONE.

THEY'RE GOING TO BE HERE.

YOU ARE GOING TO GET IT FOR THEM AND THEY'RE GOING TO GET IT FOR YOU SO WE ALL GET WHAT WE NEED AND SO IN THE VERY BEGINNING, THE OLD APPROACH, SOME OF THE SENIOR PEOPLE IN THE SCIENCE SPACE, WERE THE SINGLE BIGGEST THREAT TO OCEARCH.

THEY DIDN'T WANT TO SEE US HELPING BIG COLLABORATIVE TEAMS BECAUSE IT MEANT A WHOLE BUNCH OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS WERE COMING UP.

AND IN THE OLD WAY, THEY WOULD TRY TO MONOPOLIZE AND MONETIZE.

AND FORTUNATELY, THIS NEW GENERATION, IT'S ALL CHANGING NOW WITH OPEN SOURCED DATA AND TOTAL CONNECTIVITY.

WE WERE JUST A LITTLE EARLY.

THAT WAS THE REAL THREAT IN THE BEGINNING.

NOW IT'S A PROVEN MODEL.

I WOULD SAY THE THREATS ARE BEHIND US BUT THE CHALLENGES IS REALLY NOW, IS SPEED.

IT'S A PROVEN MODEL.

HOW QUICKLY CAN WE SCALE IT.

RIGHT NOW OUR SCIENTISTS OUR CHIEF SCIENTIST Dr. BOB PEWTER WHO RETIRED FROM THE LABORATORY AND CAME TO OCEARCH, HE IS THE MOST SENIOR SHARK PERSON IN THE UNITED STATES.

HE IS ESTIMATING WE HAVE ACCELERATED THE RATE OF LEARNING 20 THEIR AND 50 FOLD.

OUR BIG CHALLENGE NOW IN MILWAUKEEING IMPACT IS JUST SCALING.

-- IN MAKING IMPACT IS SCALING.

HOW MANY PEOPLE WANT TO GET INVOLVED SO THE MOSQUITO FLEET HAPPENS QUICKER, THE SHIP CAN MOVE MORE.

WE CAN AFFORD TO DO MORE THAN THREE EXPEDITIONS A YEAR BECAUSE THE MODEL IS PROVEN.

IT'S JUST A MATTER OF TIME NOW AND MONEY.

>> AND YOU KNOW, I WONDER EVERY TIME I WOULD SEE IN ACTION SORT OF PIT STOP WHERE EVERYBODY JUMPS IN THERE AND DOING WHAT THEY NEED TO DO, IS THAT METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION, DO YOU THINK IT'S TRANSFERABLE?

IT CLEARLY IS GOING TO BE TRANSFERABLE TO OTHER MARINE SPECIES.

DO YOU THINK THAT APPROACH IS TRANSFERABLE TO OTHER SPECIES AND IF SO, DO HAVE YOU HEARD OF PEOPLE TRYING TO MOVE THAT METHODOLOGY INTO OTHER... >> ANY TIME YOU TALK ABOUT A TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL, MOST ANIMALS HAVE BEEN EASY TO STUDY.

THEY DART THEM, FALL DOWN AND STUDY THEM.

BUT A WHITE SHARK, YOU CAN'T DO THAT, RIGHT?

ANY SORT OF THING IN THE WATER, I CAN TELL YOU WHAT HAS BEEN GREAT IS WHEN BEE WE FIRST PICKED UP A WHITE SHARK AND PUT A TUBE IN ITS MOUTH TO HELP IT BREATHE, PEOPLE WERE LIKE I DON'T KNOW IF YOU SHOULD DO THAT.

NOW IF YOU LOOK AROUND EVERY UNIVERSITY AROUND THE WORLD, THEY GOT THEIR STUDENTS, THEY EVEN, IF THEY HAVE A LITTLE BOAT, THEY PUT THE HOSE IN TOWEL OVER THEIR EYES.

OKAY, WE GOT EVERYBODY ROLLING NOW AND IT'S BECOME THE METHOD, YOU KNOW AND IT HAS BEEN A HUGE LEAP FORWARD TO ACCELERATE THE RATE OF LEARNING ON ALL OF OTHER SPECIES.

AND I THINK THE BIGGEST THING THAT OCEARCH HAS DONE IS BRINGING THIS MULTIDISCIPLINE COLLABORATIVE TEAM TOGETHER AND BREAKING DOWN THE SILOS AND THE SCIENCE SPACE.

THAT'S REALLY WHERE YOU HAVE GREAT GAINS FOR ACCELERATED DATA COLLECTION AND LEARNING.

>> I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR MORE ABOUT HOW THE DATA IS BEING COLLECTED, HAS BEEN USED SPECIFICALLY TO HELP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WHITE SHARKS.

>> THE DATA HAS BEEN USED RIGHT AWAY.

WE HAVE OVER 80 PEER REVIEWED PAPERS IN THIS BRIEF PERIOD OF TIME.

I'M A CO-AUTHOR OF 20 PEER REVIEWED PAPERS.

MY DAD DIDN'T EVEN KNOW THAT.

SO WHAT HAS HAPPENED QUICKLY WITH THE DATA IS WHEN THEY'RE ESTABLISHING A LOT OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS, THEY DON'T KNOW HOW BIG THE AREA COULD BE.

ONE OF THE BIGGEST AREAS IN THE WORLD IS OFF THE ISLANDS IN MEXICO OFF THE COAST OF PRURT OWE VALLARTA.

WE HAD DONE OUR WORK THERE AND THE TIGER SHARKS THAT BALANCE THAT REGION GO IN A 27-MILE FORAGING RUN EVERY NIGHT TO FEED SO THEY EXPANDED THE PARK TO 30 MILES TO INCLUDE THE A PECKS PREDATOR OF THE PARK.

THE NEW SWIM WAY BETWEEN THE GALAPAGOS AND OTHERS IS OUR DATA SO IT HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE TO BE LEVERAGED FOR THESE MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AROUND THE WORLD.

AND THERE WILL BE MORE TO COME ON THE POLICY SIDE AS WE OPEN THE OCEARCH OCEAN POLICY INSTITUTE.

>> IT HAS TO BE VERY GRATIFYING FOR YOU AND YOUR COLLEAGUES.

IT'S AMAZING.

I APPRECIATE WHAT YOU ARE DOING.

I THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF US THAT WOULD APPRECIATE WHAT YOU ARE DOING UNDERSTAND-- AND GOOD LUCK ON THE NEXT STEPS.

>> IT'S A THRILL TO BE HERE AND IT'S NOT REALLY ANYTHING I'M DOING.

IT'S BEEN A TOTAL TEAM EFFORT AND FOR ALL THE PEOPLE HERE, LIKE YOU ARE OCEARCH.

WHEN PEOPLE COME ON TO THE SHIP, THEY FEEL THE HOSPITALITY OF KENTUCKY AND IT'S BECAUSE OF HOW WE LIVE HERE, IT'S BECAUSE OF ALL OF MY FRIENDS AND FAMILY ARE HERE.

IT'S BECAUSE THIS WONDERFUL PLACE AND I CAN TELL YOU, WE HAVE TAKEN IT SERIOUSLY AND TAKE GREAT PRIDE WHEN WE MOVE AROUND THE WORLD TO TRY TO DELIVER KENTUCKY TO THE WORLD.

>> APPRECIATE IT.

[ APPLAUSE ] THANK YOU.

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