ON THIS MONTH'S EDITION OF CONNECT NEW YORK, WE ARE EXPLORING THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, INCLUDING ITS POTENTIAL TO CHANGE THE WORLD AND HOW IT SHOULD BE REGULATED.

ALL THAT, AND MORE, ON CONNECT NEW YORK.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> WELCOME TO CONNECT-NEW YORK, I'M DAVID LOMBARDO.

ON THIS MONTH'S EPISODE, WE'RE DISCUSSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, INCLUDING HOW THE TECHNOLOGY COULD CHANGE THE LIVES OF NEW YORKERS AND RIGHT BALANCE OF REGULATIONS THAT PROMOTE GROWTH AND AVOID UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES.

IN A FEW MINUTES WE'LL HEAR FROM OUR PANEL OF STAKEHOLDERS, BUT FIRST WE'RE GOING TO EXPLORE THE BET NEW YORK'S STATE GOVERNMENT IS MAKING ON THIS EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY WITH THE EMPIRE AI INITIATIVE.

A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP BASED OUT OF WESTERN NEW YORK THAT IS SUPPOSED TO MAKE THE EMPIRE STATE A LEADER IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

CONNECT NEW YORK PRODUCER ALEC AMBRUSO HAS AN UPDATE ON THIS EFFORT.

>> THE EMPIRE A.I.

HAPPENED IN MY MIEB, IT GOES BACK TO THE ROOTS OF HOW A.I.

IS EVOLVING.

IF YOU STEP BACK A FEW DECADES, A.I.

WAS COMING UP WITH NEW MOD MODELS, EXPERT SYSTEMS AND RULE BASED AND TODAY A.I.

IS ALL ABOUT LEARNING FROM DATA.

THE MORE DATA YOU HAVE, THE BETTER IT IS AND YOU NEED COMPUTERS THAT ARE VERY POWERFUL.

THIS IS MOVING AT LIGHTNING SPEED.

FROM THE TIME THE GOVERNOR ACTUALLY ANNOUNCED IT, YOU KNOW, TO HAVING AN ALPHA VERSION, THAT, ITSELF, YOU KNOW, IS SO POWERFUL.

AND THEN A BETA VERSION OF THAT, THAT WILL ESSENTIALLY MAKE IT 10 TIMES MORE FASTER THAN ALPHA.

WE HAVE VERY INTERESTING PROJECTS, YOU KNOW, THAT ARE BENEFITING FROM EMPIRE A.I.

ONE THAT COMES TO MIND IS THE ONE BY TOM GRANT.

HE IS STARTING A VERY-- TACKLING A VERY INTERESTING PROBLEM THAT HAS TO DO WITH PROTEIN FOLDING.

>> THE RESEARCH WE DO HAS TO DO WITH DESIGNING NEW AND BETTER MEDICINES AND DO IT FASTER.

ULTIMATELY OUR GOAL.

ANY DISEASE CAUSED BY A PROTEIN OF SOME KIND OR AN RNA OR DNA, WHICH IS MOST DISEASES, THOSE CAN BE TARGETED.

WHEN YOU GET CANCER, IT'S BECAUSE THERE IS A MUTATION IN THE DNA THAT CAUSES SOME PROBLEM IN A PROTEIN AND IT CAN'T BE CONTROLLED ANYMORE SO YOU GROW TUMORS AND STUFF LIKE THAT.

SO MY UNDERSTANDING, BY UNDERSTANDING WHAT THAT MUTATION IS, WE CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF THE PROTEIN WITH OUR TOOL SWAXFOLD AND THAT WILL ALLOW RESEARCHERS WHO DESIGN TRUGS TO TARGET THAT PARTICULAR PROTEIN, THAT PARTICULAR CONFIRMATION OF THE DRUG THAT EVENTUALLY CURES THAT DISEASE.

IT TAKES MONTHS OR YEARS OR EVEN DECADES TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF A PROTEIN USING EXPERIMENTS.

SO A.I.

MAKES THIS SECONDS, RIGHT IN THE ADVANTAGE OF THAT IS YOU CAN DO THINGS LIKE CREATE IMAGES OF MOLECULES SO THAT YOU CAN DESIGN DRUGS.

THE DISADVANTAGE IS THAT IT ASSUMES THEY DID IT CORRECTLY.

>> AS A PROFESSOR AT A UNIVERSITY, I THINK THE MOST PROBLEMATIC CASE IS EDUCATION OR HAVING YOUNG PEOPLE USE A.I.

BECAUSE THAT, I CAN JUST SENSE FROM MY STUDENTS THAT IT'S BAD FOR LEARNING, IT'S BAD FOR MENTAL HEALTH, AND YOUR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

YOU FEEL NOW EVERY EMAIL HAS TO BE WRITTEN PERFECTLY.

I REQUEST SEE HOW CERTAIN APPLICATIONS OF A.I.

DON'T WORRY ME AS MUCH.

SO I THINK WHAT I'M EXCITED ABOUT IS USING A.I.

FOR RESEARCH.

THE GREAT THING ABOUT EMPIRE A.I.

IS IT SUPPORTS RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE, AND THAT RESEARCH IS GOING TO-- IT'S LIKE A CANVAS FOR RESEARCHERS THEY CAN FILL OUT HOWEVER THEY WANT.

>> I THINK THIS IS GOING TO BE TREMENDOUS BENEFIT FOR ALL NEW YORKERS.

THERE ARE SO MANY OTHER AREAS WHERE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS GOING TO HAVE A ROLE.

AND WHEN WE, YOU KNOW, DID A QUICK SURVEY ON OUR CAMPUS AND WE SAID, OKAY, CAN YOU PLEASE PROPOSE SOME PROJECTS WITHIN YOUR OWN DOMAINS THAT CAN BE, YOU KNOW, WORKED ON EMPIRE A.I.

AND WE GOT FROM EVERY DISCIPLINE, YOU KNOW, ON CAMPUS.

SO, FOR EXAMPLE, THE BUSINESS SCHOOL IS LOOKING AT HOW CAN YOU MAKE SUPPLY CHAIN MORE EFFICIENT.

TRANSPORTATION PEOPLE ARE LOOKING AT, YOU KNOW, HOW CAN WE STUDY TRAFFIC IN ANY BIG CITY SO THAT WE CAN MAKE PREDICTIONS AND REDUCE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS.

>> I THINK IT COULD REALLY HELP US BE BETTER THINKERS, FIND INFORMATION MORE, HELP US TO ARTICULATE OURSELVES BETTER IF WE BUILD AN A.I.

THAT CHALLENGES OUR THINKING AND DOESN'T JUST MAKE US FEEL GOOD ABOUT OURSELVES AND THAT, TO ME, IS THE BIG QUESTION OF I DON'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE FUTURE IS GOING TO LOOK LIKE BECAUSE THE CRITICAL DECISIONS WILL HAVE TO BE MADE BY US AS A SOCIETY.

>> AND NOW TO OUR PANEL DISCUSSION.

WE ARE JOINED REMOTELY BY ASSEMBLYMEMBER ALEX BORES, A MANHATTAN DEMOCRAT, WHO IS THE LEADING LEGISLATIVE VOICE ON THIS ISSUE AT THE STATE CAPITOL, AND IN THE STUDIO WE HAVE KRYSTEN VAN VLIET, VICE PRESIDENT OF INNOVATION AND EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR CORNELL UNIVERSITY, A PARTNER IN EMPIRE AI, AND WIN THURLOW, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF LIFE SCIENCES NY, A TRADE ORGANIZATION REPRESENTING BUSINESS AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.

SO, I WANT TO START WITH YOU, KRYSTAN BECAUSE A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE FORWARD FATING, MAYBE HIGH PROFILE USES OF ARTICLING, OBVIOUSLY HOW IT CAN BE USED TO CREATE VIDEO.

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WAYS THE TECHNOLOGY IS BEING UTILIZED RIGHT NOW THAT MIGHT BE EITHER BEHIND THE SCENES OR JUST LESS WELL KNOWN.

>> WE ARE USING A.I.

ON A DAILY BASE FIST WE ARE USING CERTAIN PROGRAMS LIKE CHATGPT ON YOUR PHONE BUT I THINK A.I.

HAS EXISTED FOR DECADES BEFORE IT GOT INTO MANY MORE PEOPLE'S HANDS.

AND WHAT IT WAS REALLY STARTED AS WAS A TOOL FOR INFERENCE.

SO HOW DO YOU USE DATA TO PREDICT WHAT COULD HAPPEN NEXT.

AND IT WAS CALLED MANY DIFFERENT THINGS OVER THE YEARS.

SO NOW WHAT WE ARE ABLE TO USE A.I.

TO DO, NOT JUST IN THESE SO CALLED LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS, THAT PEOPLE ARE INCREASINGLY FAMILIAR WITH; BUT OTHER SCIENCES AND OTHER FIELDS AND OTHER TOOLS, IS TO STAY HOW CAN I USE THE DATA I HAVE TODAY TO PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN TOMORROW AND BE ABLE TO VERIFY THAT IN REAL TIME?

SO THAT COULD BE DESIGN OF NEW MEDICINES.

IT COULD BE IMPROVED DIAGNOSES.

IT COULD BE HOW TO ACTUALLY MAKE OUR FENWAY PARKS IN NEW YORK STATE RUN MORE EFFICIENTLY.

SO THERE ARE SO MANY DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF PROBLEMS THAT CAN BE SOLVED WHEN YOU CONNECT DATA WITH COMPUTING.

SO IT'S REALLY JUST THE BEGINNING OF MAKING THAT MORE INTO THE PUBLIC SPHERE.

FOR MORE AGILE DECISION MAKING THAT WILL BE BASED ON DATA AND WILL ALSO BE BASED ON HUMAN JUDGE MANY.

>> WHEN, IN YOUR AREA OF EXPER TEASES-- EXPERTISE LIFE SCIENCES, HOW IS IT UTILIZED NOW AND IN THE NEAR FUTURE, SAY A YEAR FROM NOW.

>> YOU CANNOT OVERSTATE THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES AS IT RELATES TO HEALTHCARE.

WHAT I'M REALLY TALKING ABOUT ARE COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICKIC TOOLS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS, NO DEVICES, NEW DRUGS.

LOOK IN THE DIAGNOSTIC SPACE, OUR ABILITY TO ENHANCE IMAGES IN MAMMOGRAPHY HAS REALLY TRANSFORMED THE ABILITY TO MAKE EARLIER AND BETTER DIAGNOSIS OF NASCENT BREAST CANCER TISSUE, FOR EXAMPLE.

THIS TECHNOLOGY IS ALSO UNLOCKING OUR ABILITY TO REACH WIDER AUDIENCES OF PREVIOUSLY UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS.

IN THE MEDICAL SPACE, THERE ARE OFTEN DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF HOW THE DISEASE STATE PRESENTS HOUSE, HOW IT PROGRESSES, DEPENDING ON ONE'S ETHNICITY, ONE'S AGE, A VARIETY OF FACTORS.

AND WE OFTEN STRUGGLE TO DEVELOP CURES AND TREEPTS THAT HIT-- TREATMENTS THAT HIT ACROSS THE BOARD.

WITH A.I.

WE ARE REALLY ABLE TO EXPAND THE SCOPE OF WHAT WE ARE DOING TO BETTER TARGET CURES, TO BETTER TARGET THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT.

SO IT REALLY IS TRANSFORMATIVE AT THIS PHASE.

>> IF I COULD ADD ON TO THAT.

A REALLY GOOD POINT IN THE LIFE SCIENCES AND THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ARE IMPACTED BY THIS.

IN THAT SPACE WHAT WE USED TO DO IS BE ABLE TO CONNECT ONE KIND OF DATA TO MAKE PREDICTION, RIGHT?

JUST THE IMAGES.

NOW WHAT WE ARE ABLE TO DO WITH AICHT AND THE RESEARCH, THE FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH THAT GOES INTO THAT IS MANY DIFFERENT PIECES OF INFORMATION.

AND THAT TOGETHER WOULD BE ABLE TO MAKE A PREDICTION WHEREAS JUST A SCAN WOULD NOT, RIGHT?

AND THAT'S THE EXCITEMENT.

>> ASSEMBLYMEMBER, YOU HAVE THIS UNIQUE VANTAGE POINT AS A PUBLIC OFFICIAL, AND CLEARLY HAVE MAYBE DIFFERENT INTERESTS THAN A BUSINESS GROUP OR RESEARCH INSTITUTION.

SO HOW DO YOU SEE A.I.

BEING USED RIGHT NOW IN WAYS THAT YOU ARE EXCITED ABOUT OR MAYBE WAYS THAT ARE COMING DOWN THE PIKE THAT YOU ARE EXCITED ABOUT?

>> I'M EXTREMELY BULLISH ON A.I.

IT'S GOING TO CURE DISEASES THAT HAVE BEDEVILED HUMANITY FOR CENTURIES OR MI LEN AAND WE HAVE ALREADY SEEN WITH INNOVATIONS LIKE ALPHAFOLD, THE ABILITY TO MASSIVELY ACCELERATE MEDICAL RESEARCH.

THE CHALLENGE IS THE SAME PATHWAYS THAT ALLOW IT TO CURE DISEASES ALLOW IT TO BUILD A BIO WEAPON.

SO THE VARIETY OF OUTCOMES POSSIBLE FROM A.I.

ARE AS WIDE AS ANY TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE HAS EVER COME BEFORE.

THE ONLY THING THAT COMES CLOSE THIS IS NUCLEAR.

SO IF YOU CAN PUT YOURSELF IN THE MIND SPACE OF SOMEONE IN THE 1930S AND HEARING FROM ONE PERSON THAT, OH, NOW WITH NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY WE ARE GOING TO HAVE NUCLEAR FUSION AND CLEAN ABUNDANT ENERGY FOR EVERYONE AND THAT WILL LEAD TO UTOPIA AND PEOPLE ON THE OTHER SIDE SAYING, WE WILL ALL BE DEAD FROM NUCLEAR ARMAGEDDON IN 10 YEARS.

BOTH WERE POSSIBLE.

WE ENDED UP OBVIOUSLY SOMEWHERE IN THE MIDDLE.

I WOULD SAY ONE OF THE REASONS WE WERE ABLE TO AVOID THE WORST CASE SCENARIO IS BECAUSE OF GOVERNMENT WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP AND SOMETIMES THROUGH REGULATION TO ENSURE INCENTIVES ARE SKEET UP TO KEEP EVERYONE SAFE MUCH AND I THINK ABOUT SOME OF THE PEOPLE TODAY SAYING, DON'T REGULATE A.I.

AT ALL; THE SAME WAY YOU WOULD THINK OF PEOPLE SAYING DON'T REGULATE NUCLEAR AT ALL.

JUST LET ANYONE BUILD WHEREVER AND SEE WHERE WHAT ENDS UP.

WE NEED GOVERNMENT IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE WORST CASE DOESN'T HAPPEN AND THAT WE MOVE TOWARD THE BEST CASE.

>> I WANT TO BRING UP SOMETHING THAT HE JUST IS SORT OF FRAMING THERE, WHICH IS THE DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

AND I THINK ABOUT SOMETHING LIKE THE ADVENT OF NUCLEAR POWER, WHICH WAS COINCIDED WITH THE LAUNCH OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS.

SO YOU ARE IN THE LIFE SCIENCES FIELD.

THAT MEANS WE COULD POTENTIALLY BE HAVING THE NEXT GREAT CURE FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BUT ALSO BE HAVING THE NEXT BIOLOGICAL WEAPON FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

HOW DO WE MAKE SURE WE ARE HEADING TOWARD A CURE AND NOT THE NEXT BIOLOGICAL WEAPON?

>> I WOULD SAY THAT DYNAMIC, RIGHT, THE POTENTIAL AND THE-- THE POTENTIAL GOOD AND THE POTENTIAL BAD OF ANY INNOVATION HAS ALWAYS BEEN PRESENT.

WE'VE ALWAYS LOOKED AT THAT.

YOU LOOK, FOR EXAMPLE, AT THE HISTORY OF CANCER CARE, RIGHT?

BOTH RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY, FRANKLY, FOUND THEIR ROOTS IN TECHNOLOGIES THAT WERE OFTEN USED IN WAR $FARE.

-- WARFARE.

SO I THINK WE ARE FOOLING OURSELVES IF WE IGNORE THE POTENTIAL FOR HARM.

AT THE SAME TIME I THINK WE NEED TO BE CAREFUL TO NOT LOOK AT A.I.

AND SAY THIS IS SOME NEW UNCONTROLLABLE ACTIVITY.

WHAT I WOULD SAY TO YOU IN THE LIFE SCIENCES, AND IN THE HEALTHCARE SPACE IS WE UNDERSTAND AND HAVE LONG WORKED IN REGULATED ENVIRONMENTS.

WE UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ENSURING PATIENT SAFETY, OF ENSURING PATIENT PRIVACY, RIGHT?

OF DOING ALL OF THOSE THINGS.

SO THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS THAT EXIST PRESENTLY HAVE, FOR THE MOST PART, SUCCEEDED IN MAKING SURE THAT INNOVATION IS USED FOR GOOD AND NOT FOR ILL.

DO WE NEED TO WORRY ABOUT THE POTENTIAL ILL EFFECTS OF SOME OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES?

ABSOLUTELY.

BUT THAT'S NO MORE TRUE FOR A.I., FRANKLY THAN IT IS FOR ANY OTHER ADVANCEMENT.

>> LET'S TRY THE ASSEMBLYMEMBER AGAIN.

IN TERMS OF REGULATION, IS IT THE OUTCOME OR IS IT THE UNDER LYING TECHNOLOGY?

HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT SOMETHING LIKE THIS AT THE STATE LEVEL?

>> IT'S ABSOLUTELY BOTH.

I AGREE WITH WIN THAT THIS QUESTION OF WHETHER IT CAN BE USED FOR GOOD OR ILL APPLIES TO MANY TECHNOLOGIES.

WHAT'S DIFFERENT ABOUT A.I.

AND WHERE I DISAGREE IS THAT THE POSSIBILITIES ARE SO MUCH LARGER THAN ANYTHING ELSE.

AND WHILE THE VAST MAJORITY OF REGULATIONS SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON THE OUTCOMES, THERE ARE SOME ASPECTS IF THAT OUTCOME WERE TO OCCUR, IT WOULD BE TOO LATE TO REGULATE IT.

YOU BROUGHT UP THE EXAMPLE OF A BIO WEAPON.

THE SAME ROUTES WE CAN USE TO CURE DISEASES, SOMETHING I'M EXTREMELY EXCITED BY AND WE'VE SEEN A.I.

USED IN EXAMPLES LIKE ALPHAFO IN ORDER TO PUSH MEDICAL RESEARCH, THAT SAME WEAPON CAN BE USED FOR ILL AND WE CAN'T SAY AFTER A BIO WEAPON IS LAURENED TO GO FIND WHOEVER USED IT IN WHATEVER COUNTRY AND SAY WE ARE GOING TO SUBJECT YOU TO A U.S.

COURT.

>> YOU WANT WHERE THAT TECHNOLOGY IS BEING DEVELOPED OFTEN IS AT UNIVERSITIES, RIGHT, THINKING ABOUT WHAT IS NEXT.

AND IF YOU WANT THE RESEARCHERS WHO ARE WORKING IN THAT SPACE TO BE THINKING ABOUT THE ETHICS, THE PRINCIPLES, THE POLICY, IT'S NOT JUSTED THE TECHNOLOGY.

IT'S THE USERS, IT'S THE POLICY.

IT'S THE IMPACT OF THAT TECHNOLOGY.

CORNELL'S A.I.

INITIATIVE IS-- WAS FORMED THAT WAY; THAT YOU ARE NOT JUST THINKING ABOUT A.I.

IN ISOLATION AS A TOOL, WHICH CAN BE USED FOR GOOD AND BAD PURPOSES BUT YOU ARE THINKING ABOUT THE ETHICS AND THE RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC GOOD OF USING THOSE TOOLS SMS AND THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT THERE WON'T BE THE POSSIBILITY FOR MISUSE, BUT THOSE WHO ARE DEVELOPING THOSE TOOLS ARE WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT THAT IN CONVERSATION WITH THAT AND IN CONVERSATION WITH THE PUBLIC ABOUT THAT.

>> HOW DO YOU ENSURE THAT THAT CONVERSATION, THAT THOSE DISCUSSIONS HAPPENING IN IVORY TOWERS SO TO SPEAK, ACTUALLY EXTEND OUT INTO THE REAL WORLD?

WE'VE PROBABLY ALL SEEN OPEN OPPENHEIMER AT THIS POINT AND GARY TRUMAN PLAYED BY GARY SINISE, GET THIS OUT OF HERE, WE ARE GOING TO USE THIS BOMB.

I DON'T CARE ABOUT YOUR ETHICAL CONCERNS.

HOW DO YOU ENSURE THE SAME SITUATION DOESN'T PLAY OUT WITH A.I.?

>> WELL, I THINK WITH ANY NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT YOU ARE DEVELOPING, THE EDUCATION AND THE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ARE A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF THAT.

THE WAY CORNELL HAS DONE THAT IS BY HAVING THOUGHT SUMMITS ON THESE TOPICS, ENGAGING THE PUBLIC, THINKING ABOUT HOW A.I.

AFFECTS ACCESSIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS AND TOOLS.

WE JUST HAD A SUMMIT AT CORNELL TECH LAST WEEK.

WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT POLICY, YOU ARE DOING THAT IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE.

YOU ARE ENGAGING THE POLICYMAKERS AND SO THERE IS THAT SENSE OF SHARED UNDERSTANDING, RIGHT?

SO IT ISN'T AN IVORY TOWER FOR AICHT.

A.I.

IS ALREADY IMPACTING ALL OF OUR LIVES.

HOW WE THINK ABOUT HOW WE WANT IT TO IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION, YOU WANT THOSE WHO ARE LEARNING ABOUT THESE TOOLS NOW AT THE CUTTING EDGE OF DEVELOPING THOSE TOOLS NOW, TO BE IN CONVERSATION ABOUT THE POSSIBLE USES.

AND THIS IS NOT JUST ABOUT MISINFORMATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA.

THIS IS DEVELOPING NEW MATERIALS FOR ENERGY.

THIS IS NEW DEVELOPING NEW MEDICINES.

THIS IS DEVELOPING NEW WAYS TO MAKE FARMS MORE EFFICIENT AND THINKING ABOUT THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THAT, RIGHT?

SO I THINK IT NEEDS TO BE A CONSTANT CONVERSATION.

AND I THINK WE LEARN FROM THOSE PAST LESSONS OF WHERE WE ARE DISENGAGED AND DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT BEING IN PUBLIC CONVERSATION ABOUT THE IMPACTS THAT WILL MAKE THE ROLLOUT OF A.I.

POTENTIALLY DIFFERENT.

CERTAINLY AT CORNELL AND CERTAINLY IN NEW YORK.

>> I WOULD ALSO SAY, YOU KNOW, CERTAINLY FROM MY PERSPECTIVE IN THE INNOVATION OF MEDICAL CARE, PATIENT ADOPTION, PATIENT CONFIDENCE, IN THESE METHODOLOGIES, THESE TREATMENTS AND THESE CURES IS ABSOLUTELY PARAMOUNT.

AND SO THERE REALLY IS, TO YOUR POINT, AN INCENTIVE FOR BUSINESSES, FOR ACADEMICS TO UNDERSTAND AND BE TRANSPARENT ABOUT THE WORK WE ARE DOING IN A.I.

BECAUSE WE REALLY DO NEED TO HAVE THE PUBLIC ON OUR SIDE.

IF THE PUBLIC WON'T FEEL COMFORTABLE WITH THESE ADVANCES, THEY'LL REJECT THE CURES AND THE TREATMENTS.

THAT DOES NOBODY ANY GOOD.

>> ASSEMBLYMEMBER, WIN JUST USED THE T WORD, TRANSPARENT.

WHAT KIND OF TRANSPARENCY REGULATIONS DO YOU ENTHUSIASM SHOULD BE IN PLACE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY?

>> THERE ARE A FEW THINGS.

THE FIRST THAT I SAY IS ANYONE WHO IS DEVELOPING THE REALLY CUTTING EDGE A.I., RIGHT?

THIS IS NOT WHAT MOST BUSINESSES ARE USING.

I'M TALKING ABOUT MAYBE SIX DEVELOPERS, SAKES LABS THAT ARE REALLY PUSHING THE FORWARD FOREFRONT OF THE LARGEST MODELS.

THEY SHOULD HAVE PUBLIC SAFETY PLANS DESIGNED TO HAVE REAL TEETH, THAT THEY CAN WRITE, BUT THAT WILL REDUCE THE RISK OF HARMS.

THEY SHOULD ALSO BE TELLING US WHEN CLOSE WARNING SHOTS HAPPEN.

SO WHAT WE CALL CRITICAL SAFETY INCIDENTS.

IF THERE IS SPECIFIC SETS LIKE THEY LOSE CONTROL OF THE MODEL, OR IF SOMEONE GETS THE MODEL WEIGHTS THAT IT ISN'T SUPPOSED TO OR IT TAKES ACTION ON ITS OWN IN A WAY THAT ISN'T EXPECTED AND THAT COULD REASONABLY LEAD TO HARM, THEY SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO KEEP THAT SECRET.

THAT SHOULD BE DISCLOSED IN THE RAISE ACT, THE WE SAY TO AUTHORITIES IN NEW YORK STATE.

AND THEY SHOULD ALSO UPHOLD THE STANDARD THAT IF THEIR OWN TESTING SHOWS THAT THE MODELS THAT RELEASE HAVE A REAL RISK OF CRITICAL HARM, THEY SHOULDN'T RELEASE IT.

IT IS EASY TO SAY THERE ARE ALREADY ECONOMIC INCENTIVES BUT WE SAW THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY KNOW THAT THEIR PRODUCTS CAUSED CANCER BUT DENY IT PUBLICLY AND RELEASE IT.

AND WE SAW THE OIL INDUSTRY KNOW THAT THEIR PRODUCTS CAUSED CLIMATE CHANGE BUT DENY IT AND RELEASE IT.

SO THERE SHOULD BE A PUBLIC STAND ART IF YOU KNOW YOUR PRODUCT HAS AN EXTREME RISK, YOU SHOULD NOT BE RELEASING THAT PRODUCT AND ONLY RESTRICT IT TO THE ABSOLUTE LARGEST DEVELOPERS, MAYBE FIVE OR SIX COMPANIES.

>> FOR VIEWERS WHO ARE NOT NECESSARILY FAMILIAR WITH THE RAISE ACTED THAT SPEAKS TO LEGS THAT THE ASSEMBLYMEMBER CARRIED THAT AS WE SPEAK ON OCTOBER 22, IS STILL WAITING THE GOVERNOR'S SIGNATURE.

YOUR THOUGHTS?

>> I THINK THAT'S A VERY GOOD POINT TO THINK ABOUT RESPONSIBLE FOR IDENTIFYING THE POSSIBLE RISKS WITH A.I.

AND THE TECHNOLOGY THAT IS DEVELOPED.

THAT, ITSELF, IS A RESEARCH AREA.

AND I THINK WHAT WE ARE LEARNING, AND MORE AND MORE OF THE PUBLIC ARE LEARNING IN GENERAL, IS THAT THESE RISKS ARE NOT OBVIOUS WITHOUT RESEARCH ON THEM.

THEY NEED TO BE TRUSTWORTHY IN TERMS OF WHERE THE DATA IS COMING FROM, WHAT ARE THE OUTCOMES GOING TO BE USED FOR?

WHAT ARE THE PERCEIVED RISKS.

AND THAT, ITSELF, IS A WHOLE BODY OF RESEARCH, RIGHT?

SOME OF THIS IS MAYBE THOUGHT OF AS THE RISKS ARE OBVIOUS, BUT WE'VE LEARNED FROM HISTORY THE RISKS ARE NOT OFTEN OBVIOUS, SO CONDUCTING RESEARCH TO SAY WHAT MIGHT THE RISKS BE IS ANOTHER PART OF THIS STORY, RIGHT?

SO BY PUTTING IN PLACE REGULATIONS BEFORE YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT THE RISKS ARE, IT'S DIFFICULT TO ANTICIPATE ALL OF THOSE RISKS, RIGHT?

AND I THINK THE BENEFITS CAN OUTWEIGH THE RISKS WHEN YOU ARE IN OPEN CONVERSATION, BUT YOU ALSO NEED RESEARCH TO SAY WHAT ARE THOSE RISKS?

IF I USE THIS TOOL TO PREDICT THE NEXT GENERATION OF A PARTICULAR CROP THAT MIGHT THRIVE UNDER CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES, OR NEW MEDICINE OR NEW DIAGNOSTIC, OR A NEW TOOL THAT CAN TURN IMAGES INTO TEXT INSTEAD OF TEXT INTO IMAGES.

YOU'VE REALLY GOT TO PLAY THROUGH THE USE CASES OF HOW THAT IS GOING TO BE USED IN SOCIETY TO IDENTIFY THE RISK.

THAT TAKES TIMES AND THAT'S WHERE ACADEMIA CAN BE A GOOD PARTNER.

>> I THINK HE WAS ADDING AND WANTS TO ADD SOMETHING.

>> I COULDN'T AGREE MORE.

IT'S ONE OF THE REASONS I'M SO EXCITED ABOUT EMPIRE A.I.

AND OUR INVESTMENT IN NEW YORK STATE MAKING MORE COMPUTE AVAILABLE TO ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS TO DO THIS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT RESEARCH.

IT'S ALSO WHY WE EXEMPTED ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS FROM THE REQUIREMENTS IN THE RAISE ACT.

WE NEED TO CONTINUE THE RESEARCH ON A.I.

ALIGNMENT, ON A.I.

SAFETY.

THESE ARE IMPORTANT INNOVATIONS THAT ULTIMATELY WILL MAKE THE A.I.

THAT IS DEVELOPED IN NEW YORK AND IN THE COUNTRY MORE TRUSTWORTHY AND THEREFORE MORE LIKELY TO SUCCEED IN THE MARKETPLACE.

>> WELL, ASSEMBLYMEMBER, SINCE YOU MENTIONED EMPIRE A.I., LET'S PIVOT TO THAT ISSUE.

AND I HAVE BEEN AROUND THE CAPITOL LONG ENOUGH AND MAYBE YOU HAVE AT THIS POINT, WITH FOUR OR FIVE YEARS UNDER YOUR BELT, TO SEE NEW YORK MAKE SOME BAD BETS ON EVOLVING INDUSTRIES.

I THINK OF FILM STUDIOS THAT NEVER ACTUALLY WERE REALIZED.

I THINK OF THE BUFFALO BILLION.

SO WHY DO YOU THINK THAT THIS INVESTMENT IN THE EMPIRE A.I.

INITIATIVE IN NEW YORK WHICH IS GOING TO COST HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, POTENTIALLY THE RIGHT INVESTMENT?

>> THERE ARE SO MANY REASONS TO BE BUILDING THIS INFRASTRUCTURE.

IT'S NOT BETTING ON A SPECIFIC COMPANY.

BUT IT'S MAKING AVAILABLE RESOURCES THAT WILL POWER SO MANY DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE STATE.

FIRST OF ALL, BY HAVING ACCESS TO COMPUTE, TO COMPUTING RESOURCES AT A FAR LOWER RATE THAN IT IS GOING TO COST UNIVERSITIES TO GET IT FROM PRIVATE PROVIDERS, THEY CAN NOW RUN MORE RESEARCH ON A GIVEN GRANT.

AND THAT MEANS WE ARE GOING TO ACCELERATE WHAT RESULTS WE GET.

IT ALSO MEANS WE CAN USE THAT INCENTIVE, THAT ACCESS TO EMPIRE A.I.

TO RECRUIT MORE RESEARCHERS, TO THE STATE AND CONTINUE TO MAKE NEW YORK A HUB.

AND THEN IN A VERY EXCITING DEVELOPMENT, ALL THE THINGS WE DEVELOP IN AN ACADEMIC SENSE, BUT ALSO THE ABILITY FOR TECH TRANSFER.

AND SO SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT, SOME OF THE DISCOVERIES POWERED BY EMPIRE A.I.

WILL TURN INTO THE NEXT WAVE OF SMALL BUSINESSES AND START-UPS THROUGHOUT NEW YORK STATE: SO TO HAVE ONE INVESTMENT THAT DIRECTLY RESEARCH AND ABILITY TO RECRUIT TALENT TO THE STATE AND LEAD TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, IS AN ABSOLUTE SLAM DUNK.

>> YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE EMPIRE A.I.

BOARD, SO WE GOT A SENSE OF WHY INSTITUTIONS MIGHT CARE, WHY BUSINESSES MIGHT CARE.

BUT IF I'M LIVING SOMEWHERE IN NEW YORK, WHY DOES IT MATTER TO ME THAT EMPIRE A.I.

IS LOCATED HERE IN AND WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT THE SUNSHINE STATE A.I.

OR THE WHEAT STATE A.I.

PROGRAM?

>> WELL, I THINK THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION HAPPENS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

AND THAT'S A NET GOOD.

BUT I THINK HAVING MORE OF THAT HAPPEN IN NEW YORK STATE WITH PARTNERS LIKE CORNELL AND THE OTHER UNIVERSITIES, YOU ARE ALSO DEVELOPING THAT WORKFORCE THAT IS CREATING, ETHICAL RESPONSIBLE A.I.

IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST.

NOW THAT'S PART OF WHAT UNIVERSITIES DO.

WE ALWAYS ASPIRE TO DO RESPONSIBLE ETHICAL RESEARCH, AND IN FACT WE HAVE A LOT OF PROCESSES WITHIN EACH UNIVERSITY TO ENSURE THAT IS THE CASE AND THAT'S FROM IMPORTANT LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALL KINDS OF TECHNOLOGIES.

SO HAVING THAT IN NEW YORK, YOU HAVE A GROWING NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO BECOME EXPERTS IN CONDUCTING THIS KIND OF RESEARCH AND WHAT IT MEANS TO TRANSFER IT OUT TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NEW COMPANIES THAT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT.

IT CREATES THE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTNER WITH THOSE PARTNERS THAT ARE LARGER AND INFLUENCE THE WAY THAT THOSE COMPANIES ARE THINKING ABOUT THEIR NEXT GENERATION PRODUCTS, HOW THEY'RE THINKING ABOUT THEIR IMPACT ON THE PUBLIC.

SO IT'S TERRIFIC TO HAVE THAT CATALYST OF ACTIVITY WITHIN NEW YORK STATE, NOT JUST FOR THE COMPUTING RESOURCES THAT RIGHT NOW ONLY COMPANIES HAVE ACCESS TO.

BUT THE PEOPLE WHO COME OUT OF THAT PROCESS AND BECOME MUCH MORE SKILLED IN THIS KIND OF RESEARCH THAT IS AT THE CUTTING EDGE.

I THINK THE LAST THING THAT I WOULD ADD IS AS THE ASSEMBLYMAN MENTIONED, WE ARE REALLY JUST AT THE START OF THIS PACE OF TOOL DEVELOPMENT, RIGHT?

THIS IS CHANGING EVERY DAY.

AND YOU WANT THOSE WHO ARE CONTRIBUTING TO THOSE CHANGES AND SHAPING THOSE CHANGES TO BE THINKING ABOUT THIS IN THE CONTEXT OF NOT JUST REALLY AMBITIOUS USE OF A.I., BUT REALLY RESPONSIBLE USE OF A.I.

AND THAT'S SOMETHING CORNELL AND THE OTHER ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS TAKE AS PART OF THE DAILY MISSION.

>> I THINK YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS I WOULD SAY IS WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT WE ARE IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT.

BETTING ON A.I.

IS NOT A BET ON SOME TECHNOLOGY THAT IS SITTING IN A DRAWER SOMEPLACE.

IT IS-- WE ARE WATCHING DAILY ADVANCES IN A.I.

TECHNOLOGY ACROSS THE GLOBE, CERTAINLY ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AS WELL.

AND IF WE WANT TO CONTINUE TO MAINTAIN OUR LEADERSHIP HERE IN NEW YORK, AND FRANKLY, CONTINUE TO GROW THE LIFE SCIENCES AND OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL ECOSYSTEMS THAT EXIST NOT ONLY IN NEW YORK CITY, BUT, FRANKLY, IN ALBANY AND SYRACUSE AND ROCHESTER AND BUFFALO AND PLACES ACROSS THE STATE, WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE INVESTING IN THE TOOLS THAT WILL ALLOW US TO MAINTAIN LEADERSHIP AND, FRANKLY, CONTINUE TO LEAD IN THIS SPACE.

>> BUT ARE WE DOING THIS IN A SIGH OWE?

ARE WE FOCUSING TOO MUCH ON NEW YORK?

SHOULD WE BE MAKING A BROADER OUTREACH.

SHOULD THIS BE NEW YORK STATE MEETS EVERY OTHER STATE IN THE COUNTRY A.I.

DEVELOPMENT?

BECAUSE IT SEEMS LIKE IF WE ARE COMPETING IN THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE, THEN WE ARE NOT NECESSARILY MAXIMIZING OUR INVESTMENT.

>> WHAT I WOULD SAY TO YOU FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, DEVELOPING MEDICAL TOOLS IN NEW YORK IS NOT A NEW YORK ONLY PROCESS.

INNOVATIONS, CURES, TREATMENTS COMING OUT OF OUR UNIVERSITIES, OUT OF OUR COMPANIES HERE IN NEW YORK ARE TREATING PATIENTS AROUND THE WORLD.

OUR COMPANIES ARE OPERATING IN A PLACE, BUT THEY'RE ALSO OPERATING IN A GLOBAL SCALE.

AND SO WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT SHOULD WE BE LOOKING AT LARGER INITIATIVES, I THINK THE ANSWER TO THAT IS ALWAYS YES.

AT THE SAME TIME, WE HAVE SOME PARTICULAR ASSETS HERE IN NEW YORK, MOST ESPECIALLY GREATER CONCENTRATION OF LEADING UNIVERSITIES THAN YOU WILL FIND ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD.

THAT'S AN ASSET THAT WE NEED TO LEVERAGE TO MAKE SURE THAT WE BECOME A GO-TO LOCATION FOR COMPANIES AND FOLKS WHO ARE WORKING IN THIS SPACE.

NEW YORK HAS THE TOOLS.

NEW YORK HAS THE DRAW, FRANKLY, AND WE HAVE AN ABILITY TO LEVERAGE THOSE STRENGTHS TO LEAD IN THAT SPACE.

>> IF I DO JUST ADD TO WIN'S REMARKS, MORE GENERALLY, YOU CAN'T COLLABORATE IF YOU DON'T HAVE THE TALENT AND THE RESOURCES TO COLLABORATE.

SO HAVING RESOURCES LIKE EMPIRE AND THE OTHER PARTS OF THE NATIONAL CONVERSATION IN THIS, THIS IS HOW WE HAVE THE PEOPLE AND THE RESOURCES TO BE ABLE TO COLLABORATE NATIONALLY.

>> WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT THEY'RE LOCATED IN BUFFALO OPPOSED TO SILICON VALLEY OR AUSTIN, TEXAS?

>> PART OF THIS IS BEING ABLE TO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO HAVE THE COMPUTE NEEDED FOR THE RESEARCH THAT IS AT THE CUTTING EDGE, RIGHT?

AND SO BEING ABLE TO HAVE INPUT FROM THOSE WHO ARE WORKING AT THE CUTTING EDGE TO SAY THIS IS WHAT WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO COMPETE AND COLLABORATE, IS IMPORTANT.

I THINK ALSO THERE IS THE ABILITY IN SOME REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY TO ACTUALLY HAVE THE POWER, THE COOLING, THE RESOURCES BE DONE IN A VERY RESPONSIBLE WAY.

AND NEW YORK HAPPENS TO BE ONE OF THOSE LOCATIONS WHERE WE CAN ACTUALLY LOCATE TO HAVE THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AND THE REGION CONTRIBUTE TO LOWER IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF CONDUCTING SUCH COMPUTE.

SO I DON'T THINK THE PHYSICAL LOCATION IS AS IMPORTANT, BUT THE ABILITY TO HAVE THAT RESOURCE IN NEW YORK, ALLOWED US TO CATALYZE THOSE COLLABORATIONS.

>> I WANT TO PIVOT TO THE IDEA OF STATE POLICYMAKERS AND THEIR CAPACITY FOR ADDRESSING THESE TYPES OF ISSUES BECAUSE BACK IN 2024, DURING MY DAY JOB, WE WERE SPEAKING WITH GREG MORESETT OF CORNELL AND HE SAID THAT COMPUTER SCIENTISTS DON'T UNDERSTAND A.I.

SO HE DIDN'T EXPECT LAWMAKERS TO UNDERSTAND THE TECHNOLOGY.

WE ARE SPEAKING RIGHT NOW WITH SOMEONE WHO IS A COMPUTER SCIENCE BACKGROUND AND ALSO HAPPENS TO BE A STATE LAWMAKER.

WHAT TO YOU THINK OF THAT CRITIQUE MORE BROADLY AND HOW DO YOU GET YOUR 212 COLLEAGUES UP TO SPEED BECAUSE YOU AND I HAVE TALKED TO SOME OF THEM AND SOME OF THEM MIGHT HAVE TOUGH TIMES, YOU KNOW, UPLOADING A PICTURE TO THEIR IPHONE.

HOW DO WE ENSURE STATE POLICYMAKERS ARE HAVING COHERENT DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THIS?

>> WELL FIRST OF ALL, GRELG IS A FRIEND AND HAVE I TO GIVE HIM A CALL RIGHT AFTER I GET OFF WITH YOU.

>> PLEASE.

>> SO IN SOME SENSE HE IS RIGHT IN THAT LEGISLATORS COME FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF BACKGROUNDS AND THAT'S WHY IT'S IMPORTANT THAT YOU HAVE PEOPLE OF ALL DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS IN THE LEGISLATURE.

YOU KNOW, I BRING TECH EXPERTISE AND KNOWLEDGE BOTH ACADEMICALLY AND FROM INDUSTRY.

FOR EXAMPLE, MY COLLEAGUE JOHN McDONALD IS A PHARMACIST, RIGHT?

I DON'T DO BILLS ON PHARMACY WITHOUT TALKING TO JOHN.

SO WE DON'T NEED TO ALL KNOW EVERY ISSUE.

THAT'S IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANYONE.

BUT WE NEED TO MAKE SURE WE HAVE A DIVERSE BACKGROUND OF PEOPLE IN THE LEGISLATURE.

AND THEN YOU NEED TO HAVE REALLY FRANK CONVERSATIONS WITH EVERYONE.

IT'S WHY WE GO OUT AND TALK TO PEOPLE AND HEAR FROM EXPERTS.

AND YOU REALIZE THAT EVERYONE WHO COMES TO YOUR DOOR MIGHT HAVE A PERSPECTIVE OR AN INCENTIVE TO SAY WHAT THEY SAY, BUT WHEN YOU TALK TO PEOPLE ON ALL SIDES OF THE ISSUE, YOU CAN START TO BE INFORMED ABOUT WHAT THINGS ARE.

I THINK THE DEE WITH A.I.

IN PARTICULAR-- THE KEY WITH A.I.

IN PARTICULAR IS IT'S CHANGING SO QUICKLY.

WHAT IS TRUE TODAY, IT'S NOT LUKE IT'S NOT GOING TO BE TRUE IN 10 YEARS OR 10 WEEKS, AND SO BEING ABLE TO STAY UP ON IT, AND BUILD TRUSTED RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE IN THE THICK OF IT, WILL BE REALLY IMPORTANT AS WE CONTINUE TO ASSESS ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE.

>> IF I COULD ADD, I THINK IN THE ABSTRACT, EXPLAINING WHAT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS OR WHAT MACHINE LEARNING IS OR WHAT THOSE ALGORITHMS IS, IT'S ABSFRACT AND SOMETHING THAT THOSE WHO WORK CLOSELY IN THE FIELD LEARN HOW TO DO AND BECOME EXPERT AT IT AND THEN CHANGE IT AS IN ANY FIELD.

BUT WE ARE AT A FORTUNATE TIME WHERE WE HAVE EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL USES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

THE ASSEMBLYMAN MENTIONED LEARNING HOW PROTEINS FOLD.

THAT'S JUST THE START NOW IN TERMS OF PREDICTING NEW MATERIALS THAT CAN ENABLE NEW FUNCTIONALITY IN QUANTUM.

WHAT IS A CUE QUBIT?

YOU SEE EXAMPLES OF THAT COMING OUT OF PLACES LIKE CORNELL WHERE YOU ARE PUTTING A.I.

AND MACHINE LEARNING TOGETHER IN TERMS OF DESIGNING NEW MATERIALS.

SO HAVING THOSE EXAMPLES WHERE PEOPLE SAY I MIGHT NOT UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING ABOUT HOW AN A.I.

CODE WORKS OR HOW THESE MACHINES AT EMPIRE A.I.

WORK, BUT I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THESE EXAMPLES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN MAKE A FARM RUN MORE EFFICIENTLY UNDER LOWER RESOURCES, OR CAN DESIGN NEW MATERIALS THAT I CAN HOLD IN MY HAND, OR COULD DESIGN NEW MEDICINES THAT MIGHT AFFECT MY FAMILY MEMBER.

OR COULD HELP ME UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA, OR CHANGES IN WORKFORCES.

SO WE START TO UNDERSTAND HOW A.I.

CONNECTS WITH OUR EVERYDAY LIVES.

THAT'S THE EXAMPLES COMING OUT OF RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES NOW AS WE COMMUNICATE THOSE ACROSS THE DIFFERENT CAMPUSES OF CORNELL AND THE CAMPUSES ACROSS NEW YORK.

IT BECOMES BETTER UNDERSTOOD WHAT THE IMPLICATIONS OF A.I.

ARE.

>> AND I THINK, LISTEN, WISE POLICY FOLLOWS RESEARCH.

AND WE FOLLOW THE SCIENCES, KRYSTYN FOLLOWED POINTED OUT EARLIER, OUR UNIVERSITIES ARE POSITIONED TO HELP INFORM THE VERY QUESTION THAT LEGISLATORS LIKE ASSEMBLYMAN BORES AND OTHERS ARE GRAPPLING WITH.

I WISH WE LIVED IN A WORLD OF PERFECT KNOWLEDGE.

WE NEVER HAVE AND UNLIKELY NEVER WILL BUT BEE HAVE THE TOOLS TO INFORM THIS DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN A SMART, REASONABLE APPROACH.

>> WELL, THE LEGISLATOR IS JUST ONE LEG IN THE GOVERNMENT'S STOOL WHEN IT COMES TO A.I.

DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION AND IT'S GOING TO FALL TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPOSING AND FOLLOWING THROUGH WITH ANY REGULATIONS SO ARE YOU AGNOSTIC WHEN IT COMES TO THE IDEA OF A CENTRALIZED A.I.

AUTHORITY, EITHER AT THE STATE OR FEDERAL LEVEL OR WOULD YOU WANT TO SEE THAT TYPE OF REGULATORY AUTHORITY DELEGATED TO THE VERY SPECIFIC AGENT AGENCIES THAT MIGHT HAVE DOMAIN OVER A TOPIC, FOR EXAMPLE, THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH WILL BE KEEPING AN EYE ON THE LIFE SCIENCES AND IT WILL BE THE DFS, THE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES IN NEW YORK THAT LOOKS AT HOW A.I.

IS USED IN FINANCIAL FIELDS.

HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE REGULATION?

>> AS THE FIRST MATTER I WOULD SAY I'M RARELY AGNOSTIC ABOUT ANYTHING.

>> WE'LL TALK ABOUT RELIGION LATER.

>> BUT HAVING SAID THAT, I THINK YOUR QUESTION ALSO POINTS UP SOME OF THE CHALLENGES, RIGHT?

THAT WHAT A.I.

IS FETCHING US IS THAT IT'S TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CUTS ACROSS ALL AREAS OF THE WORK THAT WE ARE DOING AND IF WE ARE NOT CAREFUL, WE COULD EASILY, UNNECESSARILY HAMPER INNOVATION AND STRANGLE INNOVATION BY SAYING ALL RIGHT, WE ARE ONLY GOING TO LOOK AT THIS THROUGH THIS LENS AND THEREFORE IT'S A DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH THING BECAUSE IT AFFECTS MEDICAL CARE.

THERE CERTAINLY IS AN APPROPRIATE ROLE FOR EXISTING REGULATORY AGENCIES TO BE EXERCISING SOME CONTROL OVER THESE SPACES.

BUT WEIGH NEED TO BE CAREFUL THAT, BY SEGMENTING IT TOO CLOSELY, WE ARE GOING TO KILL INNOVATION AND WE ARE GOING TO LOSE OPPORTUNITIES TO EXPAND BEYOND WHERE WE ARE.

AND SO EVEN AT THE STATE LEVEL, FRANKLY, I HAVE SOME CONCERNS ABOUT STATE BY STATE REGULATION.

BECAUSE REALISTICALLY, WHAT INNOVATORS NEED IS A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING AND A CLEAR PATHWAY FOR DEVELOPMENT.

IF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MEDICAL PRODUCTS AND CURES AND TREATMENTS ARE REGULATED BY 50 DIFFERENT STATES, WE WILL NOT SEE THE CURES AND TREATMENTS THAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR.

>> AND I MEAN THE STATES ARE ONE QUESTION.

THERE IS ALSO OTHER COUNTRIES THAT MIGHT APPROACH THIS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT THAN WE ARE IN AMERICA.

BUT ASSEMBLYMEMBER, I WANT TO STICK WITH THE IDEA OF REGULATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT.

AND HOW IMPORTANT IS IT, FROM MOORE PERSPECTIVE, THAT WILLS A MEANINGFUL STICK WHEN IT COMES TO ENFORCEMENT?

BECAUSE WE OFTEN SEE, IN TECH INNOVATION, THAT THESE TYPES OF COMPANIES ON THE LEADING EDGE ARE MORE INCLINED TO ASK FOR FORGIVENESS RATHER THAN SEEK PERMISSION BECAUSE THE PUNISHMENTS ARE NOT NECESSARILY THAT BAD.

BY THE TIME A COURT ISSUES SOME SORT OF PENALTY, THEY'VE GOTTEN SO BIG, THAT THE FINE ISN'T A BIG DEAL FOR THEM.

I THINK ABOUT GOOGLE WITH YOUTUBE, FOR EXAMPLE, SO HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT STICK APPROACH FROM REGULATORS?

HOW MEANINGFUL DOES IT NEED TO BE?

>> I THINK STICKS NEED TO BE MEANINGFUL AND WE CERTAINLY SEE SOME INSTANCES WHERE PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO JUST EAT THE FINE.

I THINK ESPECIALLY IN THE LABOR CONTEXT, WHERE FOR YEARS, THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD HAD NO REAL STICK AND NOW DOESN'T REALLY EXIST.

BUT I THINK IN MOST CASES THAT WE'VE SEEN, IT'S LESS THAT PEOPLE ARE IGNORING THE STICK AND MORE THAT THE REGULATION IS, AS WIN SAID, PERHAPS UNCLEAR, OR AT LEAST, YOU KNOW, THERE COULD BE DIFFERENT ARGUMENTS AS TO WHAT IT SPECIFICALLY MEANS AND SPECIFICALLY REQUIRES.

AND THAT AMBIGUITY GIVES PEOPLE THE SPACE TO MAYBE IGNORE IT FOR A WHILE.

AND SO THERE NEED TO BE, OBVIOUSLY, REAL PENALTIES, IF PEOPLE WILLFULLY IGNORE WHAT IS OUT THERE BUT THAT SHOULD ACCOUNT BE HOW GOVERNMENT IS PRIMARILY THINKING OF ENGAGING.

WE SHOULD BE SETTING CLEAR STANDARDS FOR WHAT NEEDS TO BE MET IN A WAY THAT MAKES UP FOR MARKET VEIL YOURS-- FAILURES AND ENCOURAGES THE BEST BEHAVIOR AND I THINK KEY IN THE WAY THAT NEW YORK AND A LOT OF STATES ARE APPROACHING THIS CURRENT MARKET IS THINKING ABOUT BRINGING THE NEW RESEARCH, THE NEW EXPERIENCES, THE NEW COMPANIES TO MARKET IN A WAY THAT KEEPS EVERYONE SAFE.

AND OUR ROLE IS TO MAKE UP FOR MARKET FAILURES WHERE THERE WOULD BE A RUSH TO DELIVER NEW PRODUCT IN A WAY AT THAT TIME COULD HARM PEOPLE IN THE LONG RUN.

>> KRYSTEN, WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE LANDSCAPE WE HAVE IN NEW YORK IN TERMS OF FOSTERING FUTURE DEVELOPMENT?

ARE THE GUARD RAILS TOO CUMBERSOME?

IS THIS THE IDEAL SITUATION FOR THIS?

WOULD YOU RATHER BE CHINA WHERE ANYTHING GOES WHEN IT COMES TO A.I.

DEVELOPMENT?

HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT NEW YORK?

>> I THINK IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT QUESTION TO THINK ABOUT WHAT KIND OF A.I.

INFORMED SOCIETY DO WE WANT TO HAVE, RIGHT, IN TERMS OF THE INNOVATION, THE SPEED OF INNOVATION.

SO REGULATION CAN PLAY A ROLE.

TO WIN'S POINT, STIFLING THE INNOVATION WILL LEAD TO A LACK OF AWARENESS, A LACK OF NOT JUST COMPETITION BUT ABILITY TO PARTICIPATE AND EVEN PARTICIPATE THE RISKS.

SO I THINK ONE THING THAT YOU'VE CONNECTED HERE IS THERE IS A.I.

AND THERE IS DATA.

AND SO WE ARE THINKING ABOUT BOTH OF THOSE THINGS TOGETHER BECAUSE RIGHT NOW A.I.

IS INFORMED BY ACCESS TO DATA AND YOU NEED THE DATA TO BE CLEAR.

IT'S NOT ONLY ASIA.

IT'S EUROPE, HOW DOES THE U.S.

THINK ABOUT IT AND NEW YORK BEING PART OF THE U.S., HOW DO WE THINK ABOUT IT.

SO I THINK IF WE HAVE A PATCHWORK OF DIFFERENT REGULATIONS ACROSS THE U.S., IT CAN BE VERY CHALLENGING.

IT'S ALSO VERY CHALLENGING IF WE HAVE A PATCHWORK IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES BECAUSE IT'S EASY TO SIT HERE AND SAY LIFE SCIENCES, PHYSICAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SCIENCES ALL BENEFIT.

THEY'RE REALLY CONNECTED IN SOME OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES.

SO I THINK DEMONSTRATIONS AND STUDIES OF WHAT WILL THIS TECHNOLOGY DO, WHAT CAN THIS TECHNOLOGY DO AND KEEPING THOUGH EASE OUT IN THE OPEN-- THOSE OUT IN THE OPEN AND PUBLIC SPHERE, THAT'S THE BEST WAY TO HELP IDENTIFY WHICH REGULATIONS ARE IMPORTANT TO HAVE AND WHICH REGULATIONS MADE BE TOO EARLY BECAUSE WE ARE LEARNING ABOUT THE RELATIVE RISKS.

>> ASSEMBLYMEMBER YOU ARE CUED UP AND READY TO GO.

>> I JUST WANT TO JUMP IN ON SOMETHING THAT YOU SAID THERE, DAVID, WHICH WAS IN CHINA EVERYTHING GOES IN TERMS OF A.I.

IT'S ABSOLUTELY THE OPPOSITE.

CHINA REGULATES A.I.

FAR MORE STRINGENTLY THAN THE U.S.

DOES BECAUSE THE CCP IS TERRIFIED OF CHAT BOTS REVEALING INFORMATION OR SAYING CERTAIN THINGS OR LEADING TO INSTABILITY IN THEIR RULE OF THE COUNTRY.

SO YOU LOOK AT THE REGULATIONS IN CHINA, THEY'RE REALLY TIGHT ON A.I.

BUT I WANT TO BE SPECIFIC IN TERMS OF WHERE REGULATION AND INDUSTRY WORK TOGETHER TO HELP EACH OTHER.

AND ONE EXAMPLE OF THAT WOULD BE WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT CONTENT PROVENANCE, A BIG QUESTION THAT IS FACING SOCIETY NOW WITH A.I.

IS DEEP FAKES AND HOW DO WE KNOW THAT WHAT IS BEING SHOWN IS REAL?

HOW DO YOU NOY THAT ME RIGHT NOW IS REAL?

YOU DON'T.

BUT ALSO THEN DOES THAT HAVE PEOPLE DENYING THINGS THAT ARE REAL BUT SAYING THAT WAS A DEEP FAKE?

AND INDUSTRY CAME UP WITH A GREAT SOLUTION.

IT'S A TECHNOLOGY CALLED C2 DPLT PA, IT'S A PIECE OF META DATA THAT CAN ATTACH TO ANY STANDARD AUDIO, VIDEO OR SOUND OR PHOTOGRAPH FILE TYPE AND WILL CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY PROVE WHETHER SOMETHING IS A.I.

GENERATED, TAKEN FROM A REAL DEVICE AND HOW IT WAS EDITED.

FREE, OPEN SOURCE.

EVERYONE CAN USE IT.

IF EVERYONE DID, WE WOULD SOLVE THE PROBLEM WITH DEEP FAKES.

THE PROBLEM IS NOT THAT MANY PEOPLE ARE USING IT.

THAT'S A PLACE WHERE GOVERNMENT CAN WORK WITH INDUSTRY, WITH RESEARCHERS TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF A STANDARD THAT WOULD SOLVE ONE OF THE MAIN TRUST ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

>> SO I WANT TO LEAD INTO HOST PREROGATIVE HERE BECAUSE THE ASSEMBLYWOMAN TALKED ABOUT THE IDEA OF CONTENT GENERATION.

ONE OF THE THINGS I'M TERRIFIED ABOUT AND MAYBE MAD ABOUT, TOO, IS THE WAY THAT SOME OF THESE MODELS ARE USING CONTENT THAT'S JUST OUT THERE.

THEY'RE NOT ASKING FOR PERMISSION TO TAKE PAST EPISODE OF THE CAPITOL PRESSROOM OR CONNECT NEW YORK TO TRAIN AND POTENTIALLY MAKE THE NEXT A.I.

REPORTER.

SO ASSEMBLYMEMBER, WHAT SAFEGUARDS NEED TO BE PUT IN PLACE THERE FOR THE RIGHTS OF CONTENT GENERATORS BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY BIG PLAYERS ARE GOING TO HAVE THEIR RIGHTS LOOKED OUT FOR.

THEY'VE GOT ATTORNEYS, WARNER BROTHERS, DISNEY, THEY CAN FEND FOR THEMSELVES.

HOW DOES THE LITTLE GUY DO THAT, ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU HAVE SOME OF THESE CONTENT GENERATORS SAYING I'VE GOT AN OPT IN MODEL, I'VE GOT AN OPT OUT MODEL.

AND HAVE YOU TO OPT OUT FOR EVERY SINGLE PIECE OF CONTENT YOU'VE MADE AND I'VE GOT A LOT OF ALEX BORES INTERVIEWS I'M GOING TO HAVE TO OPT OUT IN THE FUTURE.

WHAT IS THE STATE'S ROLE IN THAT?

>> IT'S SUCH A GOOD TIMELY AND DIFFICULT QUESTION.

WE JUST SAW THIS WEEK, I THINK IT WAS YESTERDAY, THAT OPEN A.I.

PREVIEWED AN INTERNET BROWSER THAT THEY'RE PUTTING OUT WHERE CHATGPT CAN BE USED TO SCRAPE WHATEVER INCH IS GOING TO.

THEY SAID IT'S OKAY BECAUSE ANY WEBSITE CAN IMPLEMENT THIS VERY SPECIFIC OPT OUT AND IT WON'T BE TAKEN IN SO CONTENT CREATORS NEED TO RESPOND TO WHAT THE BIG GUYS ARE DOING IN ORDER TO KEEP THEIR VALUE SAFE.

IT'S A BROAD QUESTION THAT WE NEED TO TAKE A MUCH HARDER LOOK AT BECAUSE IF WE DON'T INCENTIVIZE PEOPLE TO CREATE THAT ORIGINAL CONTENT, THE ONLY CONTENT THAT WILL BE OUT THERE WILL BE THIS INTERNET SLOP.

SO THERE IS A LOT THAT IS HAPPENING AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL AND I THINK THAT'S PROBABLY THE RIGHT PLACE TO ADDRESS IT.

BUT SIMILARLY, TO THE RAISE ACT AND OTHERS, IF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOESN'T ACT, I DO THINK IT'S INCUMBENT ON NEW YORK AND OTHER STATES TO PROTECT OUR CONTENT CREATORS.

>> KRYSTEN, WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THAT QUESTION BECAUSE WHAT WE'VE SEEN FROM THE SUPREME COURT, IF YOU WANT TO USE THIS FOR TRAINING THAT'S FINE BUT IF IT'S FOR THE FINAL PRODUCT, IT COULD CREATE COPYRIGHT OR TRADEMARK ISSUE.

IS THIS SOMETHING THAT YOUR RESEARCHERS ARE COMING ACROSS OR MAYBE EMPIRE A.I.

ARE DEALING WITH MORE BROADLY.

>> I THINK ALL RESEARCHERS IN THIS AREA ARE COMING ACROSS THAT OR GRAPPLING WITH THAT.

WHEN I SAY DATA, THAT CONTENT IS DATA, RIGHT?

HOW DO YOU RESPECT COPY WRITE, HOW DO YOU RESPECT INVENTION AND HOW DO YOU RESPECT CREATORS AND USE THAT TO TRAIN?

IT'S EASIER TO THE HEALTHCARE SPACE BECAUSE IT'S REGULATED PROTECTED DAFT THAN IT HOA-- DATA IN THE CREATIVE SPACES WE HAVE TO THINK TOGETHER ABOUT WHAT IS FAIR.

WHAT IS PUBLIC, WHAT IS STRAIGHTFORWARD TO DO.

IS IT OPT IN OR OPT OUT?

AND I THINK THAT'S WHERE IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO HAVE RESEARCHERS WHO ARE THINKING NOT JUST ABOUT COULD WE DO IT BUT SHOULD WE DO IT?

WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS?

>> WHAT DO YOU THINK?

OPT IN OR OPT OUT?

>> I THINK FOR ME, NOT BEING-- I THINK-- I DON'T HAVE A PERSONAL OPINION ON OPT IN OR OPT OUT.

WHAT I DO HAVE AN OPINION ON IS HOW DO YOU MAKE THAT AVAILABILITY OF THAT CHOICE VERY CLEAR AND KNOWN TO THE CONTENT CREATORS, RIGHT?

THE ABILITY TO ACTUALLY DECIDE ON THAT DEPENDS ON WHAT KIND OF DATA IT IS, WHAT KIND OF CONTENT IT IS.

BUT MAKING SURE THAT IT'S A STRAIGHTFORWARD CHOICE RATHER THAN DEFAULT OPTION I THINK IS WHAT PEOPLE ARE GRAPPLING WITH AND THAT'S ONLY FOR THE CURRENT APPROACHES TO A.I.

YOU KNOW, AS ASSEMBLYMAN BORES MENTIONED, AS THERE IS MORE AND MORE DATA ON THE INTERNET, THE VERIFICATION OF WHAT DATA YOU ARE USING AND WHAT CONTENT YOU ARE USING BECOMES TRICKIER AND TRICKIER.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE LIFE SCIENCES FIELD?

IS THIS AN AREA WHERE YOU HAVE ACCESS TO ENOUGH DATA OR CONTENT?

ARE THERE THINGS WHERE THE INDUSTRIES WOULD LIKE TO TAP INTO THAT THEY CAN'T.

I HAVE TO IMAGINE THAT PATIENT RECORDS, FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD REPRESENT A TREASURE TROVE OF DATA USED TO MAKE INFERENCES THAT MIGHT BE HELPFUL IN THE FUTURE.

SO WHAT DOES THAT LOOK LIKE ON THE LIFE SCIENCES FRONT?

>> ONE THING I WOULD SAY TO YOU IS WE SEE REPEATEDLY THAT WHEN PATIENTS UNDERSTAND HOW THEIR DATA, THEIR INFORMATION IS USED, OVERWHELMING THEIR PATIENTS ARE INTERESTED IN SHARING, OBVIOUSLY DEIDENTIFIED INFORMATION, BUT THEIR OWN PERSONAL INFORMATION TO BE ABLE TO ADVANCE MEDICAL CARE AND MEDICAL TREATMENTS.

AND SO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE DEFAULT POSITION THAT MOST PEOPLE HAVE IN THIS SPACE AND ENSURE THAT WE ARE CREATING PATHWAYS THAT AREN'T GOING TO DISRUPT THAT.

THERE ARE CERTAINLY LEGION STORIES OF INAPPROPRIATE USES OF PERSONAL INFORMATION.

AT THE END OF THE DAY, THAT RESULTS IN A DISTRUST AND A CYNICISM ABOUT OUR INSTITUTIONS THAT WORKS AGAINST INNOVATION.

AT THE SAME TIME, WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE NOT HAMSTRINGING INNOVATORS ON THEIR ABILITY TO APPROPRIATELY USE DATA TO BE ABLE TO ADVANCE CURES, TREATMENTS AND OTHER MEDICAL MODALITIES.

SO THERE IS A BALANCE IN THERE.

AS KRYSTEN PONTS OUT AND FRANKLY AS THE ASSEMBLYMAN POINTS OUT, WE NEED TO TAKE A NUANCED VIEW THAT FRANKLY IS SUPPORTED BY RESEARCH AND THE SCIENCE TO HELP US UNDERSTAND ARE THE REGULATIONS THAT WE ARE IMPOSING MEETING THE GOALS THAT WE ARE HEADED FOR.

>> I WOULD JUST ADHERE, IF YOU DON'T MIND, IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT HAVING ACCESS TO THE CONTENT OR THE DATA.

IT'S THE VERIFICATION, THE QUALITY OF THAT DATA AND THAT CERTAINLY BECOMES UP.

AND THAT COMES UP WITH CORNELL MEDICINE AND THE RESEARCH WITH A.I.

FOR PATIENT CARE, IS WHERE DO YOU ACTUALLY THINK YES, EVEN WHEN PATIENTS CONSENT TO SHARE THEIR DATA, IT'S DIFFERENT KIND OF DATA.

IT NEEDS TO BE SUFFICIENTLY CLEAN TO MAKE TRUSTABLE PREDICTIONS SO THERE IS SO MUCH TO DO ON THAT FRONT.

>> ASSEMBLYMEMBER.

AS A BEAR MINIMUM, IT IS SOMETHING EVERYONE CAN AGREE UPON, WE SHOULD KNOW WHAT IS GOING INTO THE ALGORITHM.

IS THE COPYRIGHT DATA.

PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION.

THERE IS A LAW IN CALIFORNIA THAT REQUIRES SOME OF THAT BASIC DISCLOSURE AND A MIRROR BILL IN NEW YORK WITH THE SAME REQUIREMENTS SO ANYONE FILING WOULDN'T HAVE TO DO THINGS TWICE.

IT'S THE SAME REPORT THAT PASSED ASSEMBLY UNANIMOUSLY.

MAYBE WE LOST ONE VOTE BUT WE HAD BROAD SUPPORT AND HOPING THE SENATE TAKES IT UP EARLY IN THE NEXT SESSION SO WE AT LEAST KNOW THE DATA THAT IS GOING INTO THE ALGORITHMS BOTH FOR IF IT IS USING COPYRIGHT MATERIAL BUT ALSO AS KRISTIN SAID, CAN WE TRUST IT, WHAT ARE PURPOSES OF THE MODEL?

>> ASSEMBLYMEMBER WHEN YOU SAY NO, WHO DO YOU WANT TO KNOW BECAUSE IF YOU GAVE ME THAT INFORMATION, IT'S GOING TO BE USELESS.

WHO DO YOU WANT TO HAVE THAT INFORMATION AND IS THIS STUFF THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED PROPRIETARY TO A CERTAIN DEGREE SO IT'S THE GOVERNMENT OR LAW ENFORCEMENT THAT IS THE ONES WHO GET TO BE THE KEEPER AND ACCESSORS OF THAT INFORMATION?

>> I COULDN'T DISAGREE WITH YOU MORE STRONGLY.

YOU WOULD UNDERSTAND THIS AND MAKE GREAT USE OF THIS INFORMATION.

>> THANK YOU.

>> IT'S ABOUT THE INTENT OF THE MODEL AND WHAT KIND OF DATA IT WAS TRAINED ON.

AND IF IT WASN'T TRAINED ANYTHING RELEVANT, IT DOESN'T MEAN IT'S USELESS BUT SOMETHING YOU WOULD TAKE INTO MIND.

THERE IS PROPRIETARY ISSUES AND THE CALIFORNIA LAW NOR THE NEW YORK BILL REQUIRES LIKE A SPECIFIC LISTING OF EVERY DATA SET OR INDIVIDUAL DATA POINTS.

IT'S A GENERAL SUMMARY OF WHAT IS GOING FORWARD BUT EVEN THEN BASIC KNOWLEDGE RIGHT NOW IS DENIED TO CONSUMERS BY MANY COMPANIES.

>> I WANT TO COME BACK TO THE ISSUE OF EMPIRE A.I.

AS YOU LOOK AT THE FUTURE LEGISLATIVE SESSION HERE IN ALBANY, WHAT WILL YOU BE LOOKING FOR, IF ANYTHING, FROM STATE POLICYMAKERS TO FURTHER THE GOALS OF EMPIRE A.I.?

IS IT ABOUT ANOTHER CHECK FROM THE STATE BUDGET?

ARE THERE ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS THAT NEED TO BE ADVANCED.

OR IS THE EMPIRE A.I.

PROGRAM A SET IT AND FORGET IT?

>> THE PROMISE OF EMPIRE A.I.

USED FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH AS AN ENGINE OF INNOVATION IS JUST GETTING STARTED.

SO I THINK THAT WE ARE NOT LOOKING FOR MORE REGULATION.

THIS IS REALLY THOUGHTFUL ABOUT HOW CAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH HELP INFORM PROJECTS, COMPANIES, AND EVEN FUTURE REGULATIONS SO THAT IT'S RIGHT SIZED FOR THE KINDS OF INNOVATION COMING OUT.

>> SO THE REVERSE OF THE DYNAMIC I JUST MENTIONED?

WILL YOU BE REACHING OUT TO THE 213 STATE LAWMAKERS TO SAY HERE IS WHAT YOU GUYS SHOULD BE DOING?

>> SO I THINK THAT EMPIRE A.I.

HASN'T REALLY BEEN CONSIDERED A PLACE WHERE POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS WOULD BE MADE, RIGHT?

IT'S A PLACE WHERE ACADEMIC RESEARCH CAN OCCUR.

BUT CERTAINLY PLACES LIKE CORNELL THINK VERY MUCH ABOUT WHAT ARE THE POLICY CONNECTIONS, WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL AND TRUSTABLE A.I.

AND EXPLAINABLE A.I.

CONCEPTS THAT CAN HELP INFORM POLICYMAKERS, ABSOLUTELY, AND BE IN DIALOGUE WITH POLICYMAKERS BECAUSE IT IS A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN MANY DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.

YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT THAT.

SO THE RESEARCH THAT GOES ON CERTAINLY WILL INFORM POTENTIAL POLICY.

IT WILL ALSO INFORM THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE POSITIVES THAT CAN COME OUT AND AS ANYONE LEARNS LESSONS ABOUT RESEARCH USING A.I., HOW DO WE MAKE SURE THAT THOSE ARE SHARED BROADLY SO THAT THEY'RE NOT REPEATED.

>> WELL, WIN, WHAT IS YOUR LEGISLATIVE AGENDA LOOK LIKE IN THIS SPACE ASIDE FROM GETTING CHAPTER AMENDMENTS TO THE ASSEMBLYMEMBERS REGULATORY BILL.

WHAT WILL YOU BE LOOKING FOR IN 2026 IN THIS SPACE?

>> WELL, IN OUR SPACE, WE ARE ALWAYS LOOKING TO ARE A RECOGNITION AND AN UNDERSTANDING THAT REGULATION NEEDS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK THAT MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE INNOVATION ALREADY EXISTS IN.

RIGHT?

SO WE COME FROM A SPACE OF A VIGOROUS AND RIGOROUS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK THAT REALLY CANDIDLY IS PREMISED ON TWO UNDERSTANDINGS: 1: THE PATIENTS OWN THEIR DATA.

AND SO AS WE TALK ABOUT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACROSS LARGER SEGMENTS, I THINK IT'S ALSO ALWAYS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND WHO OWNS WHAT?

AND HOW DO WE RESPECT THAT.

AND AT THE SAME TIME, UNDERSTAND THAT AN OAFLY HEAVY HANDED APPROACH FROM GOVERNMENT WILL HAVE THE UNINTENDED EFFECT OF QUASHING INNOVATION.

AND, YOU KNOW, AS I LOOK AT THE GROWTH OF INNOVATION HUBS ACROSS NEW YORK STATE, AND THE TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECT THAT IT IS HAVING ON COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE STOT, WE ALSO WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE NOT STANDING IN THE WAY OF THOSE ADVANCEMENTS.

SO THOSE ARE THE TWO AREAS THAT I'M MOST CONCERNED ABOUT OVER THE NEXT YEAR.

>> WELL, ASSEMBLYMEMBER, YOU ARE LOOKING TO LEAVE US IN ALBANY AND SPEND MORE TIME IN WASHINGTON D.C.

AS A MEMBER OF CONGRESS IN THE FUTURE.

IF THAT ENDS UP COMING TO FRUITION, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO PRIORITIZE IN THIS SPACE THAT MIGHT BE DIFFERENT THAN WHAT YOU HAVE TALKED ABOUT AT THE STATE LEVEL?

>> WELL, I THINK OF WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE STATE LEVEL PROBABLY SHOULD BE DONE AT THE TBD LEVEL.

THE BENEFIT IS THE STATES MOVE QUICK QUICKER BUT I AGREE WITH WIN, IT WOULD BE GREAT TO HAVE ONE POLICY ACROSS THE COUNTRY FOR MANY OF THESE RISKS SO I WOULD WANT TO HELP STANDARDIZE IT THERE.

BUT THE OTHER ASPECT I THINK ABOUT IS THE INTERNATIONAL ONE.

WE WANT TO WIN THIS RACE AGAINST CHINA.

WE ALSO WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE RISKS FOR EVERYONE ARE REDUCED AND EVEN AT THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD WAR, THERE WAS THAT RED PHONE TO MOSCOW.

ONE OF THE THINGS I HOPE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS THINKING DEEPLY ABOUT IS HOW DO WE CONTINUE TO BUILD TRUST ACROSS RESEARCH COMMUNITIES, ACROSS BUSINESS COMMUNITIES, IN WAYS THAT DON'T LEAD TO A RACE THAT ENDANGERS EVERYONE.

BUT INSTEAD ONE THAT BRINGS BENEFITS TO ALL.

>> THAT RED PHONE, IS THAT GOING TO INTERNATIONAL LEADERS OR IS THAT GOING TO SAM ALTMAN'S OFFICE BECAUSE IT SEEMS LIKE THESE PLAYERS ARE AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY UNTO THEMSELVES WHEN IT COMES TO THE PRIVATE COMPANIES.

>> I THINK ALL OF THE ABOVE.

I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE NEED TO BE INVOLVED AND WE NEED PEOPLE WHO ARE THINKING ABOUT THE RISKS AROUND THE CORNER SO THAT WE CAN RESPOND-- SO WE CAN PREPARE FOR THEM AHEAD OF TIME INSTEAD OF RESPONDING AFTER THE FACT.

>> I THINK THAT'S RIGHT.

AND THAT'S WHERE RESEARCH IS SO IMPORTANT AND RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP IS SO IMPORTANT.

THOSE ARE WHO DOING RESEARCH IN THIS AREA NOW WILL BE LEADERS OF SOME OF THESE CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS, RIGHT?

AND YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL OF THAT IS DEVELOPED WITH A SENSE THAT EVERY TOOL CAN BE USED FOR PUBLIC GOOD AND YOU NEED TO ENTHUSIASM ABOUT THE POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS.

THE REGULATIONS WITHIN THE HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT WERE OFTEN IN RESPONSE TO THINGS THAT WENT WRONG EARLIER ON, RIGHT?

WE NOW HAVE THE ABILITY TO ANTICIPATE, DISCUSS THOSE, STUDY THOSE, PLAY THOSE THROUGH.

SO THAT WE CAN HAVE REGULATION THAT AFFECTS THE MOST LIKELY CAUSES FOR HARM BUT DOESN'T SUPPRESS INNOVATION.

>> SO WE ARE ABOUT TO RUN OUT OF TIME AND I JUST WANT TO CONFESS TO YOU GUYS THAT I AM A LUDITE WHEN IT COMES TO A.I., I NEVER USED CHATGPT THE THINGS OF A.I.

IN MY LIFE ARE NOT FRONT AND CENTER IN FORMS OF AICHT.

MAYBE AN EDITING SOFTWARE OR SOME SORT OF DIRECTIONS.

IS THERE ONE TOOL THAT YOU GUYS REALLY LIKE IN THE FEW SECONDS WE HAVE LEFT THAT YOU RECOMMEND A LUDDITE LIKE ME TRIES?

ANYTHING YOU THINK I SHOULD BE DOING?

>> WELL I DON'T HAVE A TOOL FOR YOU, DAVID.

I WOULD SAY TO YOU THAT PERHAPS YOU WANT TO PUT ASIDE YOUR PRESUMPTION THAT YOU ARE A LUDDITE.

IF YOU OPEN YOURSELF UP TO THE POSSIBILITY THAT THERE ARE EVERYDAY NEW TOOLS A.I.

ENHANCED TOOLS COMING DOWN THE PIKE, THAT YOU WILL BE SURPRISED HOW YOU MIGHT FIND SOME ADVANCEMENTS AND ENHANCEMENTS TO YOUR LIFE.

>> WE WILL LEAVE IT ON THAT OPTIMISTIC NOTE.

WE ARE OUT OF TIME TODAY.

MY THANKS TO OUR PANELISTS, ASSEMBLYMEMBER ALEX BORES, CORNELL UNIVERSITY'S KRYSTYN VAN VLIET, AND LIFE SCIENCES NY'S WIN THURLOW.

AND IF YOU WANT MORE CONNECT NEW YORK CONTENT VISIT WCNY.ORG/CONNECT NEW YORK AND CHECK OUT OUR YOUTUBE PAGE AND FOR MORE STATE GOVERNMENT CONFERENCING YOU CAN FIND ME AT CAPITOL PRESSROOM.ORG OR WHEREVER YOU DOWN LOAD PODCASTS.

ON BEHALF OF THE ENTIRE TEAM AT WCNY - I'M DAVID LOMBARDO - THANKS FOR WATCHING.