>> Ted: NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, WE'LL LOOK AT SRP'S PLANS TO BUILD A NEW RESERVOIR NEAR APACHE LAKE AND A LOCAL NETWORK OF HYDRATION STATIONS AROUND MARICOPA COUNTY.

MORE IS LEARNED ABOUT EUROPA AND A FOCUS OF THE SEARCH OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE, NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

>> Announcer: THIS HOUR OF LOCAL NEWS IS MADE POSSIBLE BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE FRIENDS OF PBS, MEMBERS OF YOUR PBS STATION.

THANK YOU.

>> Ted: GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

STATE ATTORNEY GENERAL KRIS MAYES WARNED ARIZONA FAMILIESFAMILIES WARNED OF THE RIGHTS THEY GIVE UP AND TO WATCH OUT FOR SCHOOLS AND VENDERS.

THIS PROMPTED A RESPONSE FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF TOM HORE THAT VOUCHERS FUNDS WERE NOT FOLLOWED BY HIS PREDECESSOR THAT, QUOTE, EVERY PENNY IS USED FOR VALID EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES.

>>> A NEW SURVEY BY MORNING CONSULT THAT REPUBLICAN SCOTT HAUL TOPS A 76% APPROVAL RATING AND KATIE HOBBS WAS NEXT TO LAST AND SHOWED A RATING OF 47% VERSUS 40% WHO DISAPPROVED.

A SURVEY FOUND THAT EVERY GOVERNOR IN THE U.S. HAD A POSITIVE APPROVAL RATING.

>>> CONCERN OVER A STRIKE BY UPS DRIVERS AND 340,000 COUNTRIERS SAID THEY'LL STRIKE A WEEK FROM TODAY IF A VARIETY OF ISSUES ARE NOT SETTLED.

>> ON THE BACK SIDE OF A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF DISRUPTIONS, THE CORONAVIRUS,Y, GEO, POLITICAL, THE WAR IN UKRAINE, THESE ARE SOME THINGS.

>> Ted: PAY IS A MAJOR STICKING POINT THAT PART-TIME DRIVES ARE PAID, QUOTE, POVERTY DRIVERS.

>>> MORGAN STANLEY SAYING THE ECONOMY IS GROWING STRONGER THAN ANTICIPATED AND A RECESSION IS LESS LIKELY THAN THOUGHT AND THE BANK'S ECONOMISTS SAYING A BOOM IN MANUFACTURING AND A SURGE ON INFRASTRUCTURE ARE DRIVING AND WHAT BIDEN CALLS, QUOTE, EXTRATERRESTRIAL.

BIDENOMINCS.

>>> AND THERE ARE UNANNOUNCED VISITS TO TAXPAYERS WITH VERY FEW EXCEPTIONS, UNANNOUNCED VISITS ARE MAILED LETTERS AND THIS IS PART OF A BROADER PLAN FOR IRS OPERATIONS AND A WAY TO ADDRESS INCREASE SECURITY CONCERNS DUE TO WHAT THE IRS SAYS IS INFLAMMATORY RHETORIC ABOUT THE AGENCY AND WORKFORCE.

>> SALT RIVER PROJECT PLANS TO BUILD A NEW PROJECT TO BE USED FOR POWER GENERATION AND STORAGE AND LOOKING AT TWO POSSIBLE SITES AND JOINING US IS RON KLAWITTER, THE MANAGER OF THE SYSTEM'S PROJECT AND THANKS FOR JOINING US.

A LOT TO TALK ABOUT AND A NEW RESERVOIR NEAR APACHE LAKE.

HOW BIG AND WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?

>> THIS IS LOOKING AT HOW TO BETTER USE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND INTO THE EVENING HOURS.

>> Ted: BASICALLY, IT'S LIKE A BATTERY SYSTEM AND WOULD YOU HAVE SOLAR AND YOU GET A BATTERY AND SAVE IT UP FOR A RAINY DAY?

>> IT'S VERY SIMPLE AND PUMPS WATER UPHILL WITH EXCESS ENERGY AND RUNS WATER THROUGH TURBINES TO PUT IT ON THE GRID.

>> Ted: THIS IS NOT A RECREATIONAL LAKE, TRUE?

>> APACHE LAKE IS A RECREATIONAL LAKE AND WE PLAN FOR THAT TO CONTINUE AND THE UPPER LAKE IS MUCH, MUCH SMALLER AND FLUCTUATING THROUGH OPERATION AND WE WOULD RECOMMEND A RECREATION SITE.

>> Ted: HOW SMALL?

>> 10 TO 20,000-ACRE FEET AND CANYON LAKE IS 70,000-ACRE FEET.

>> Ted: I WOULD IMAGINE IT GOES UP AND DOWN PRETTY RAPIDLY?

>> THROUGHOUT THE DAY, THE UPPER RESERVOIR COULD GO UP AND DOWN IN ORDER OF A HUNDRED FOOT OR MORE.

>> Ted: WOW!

>> APACHE LAKE IS A COUPLE OF FEET.

>> Ted: THE UPPER LAKE IS FENCED OFF TO KEEP PEOPLE OUT?

>> SOME MEASURES TO MAKE SURE IT'S SAFE BUT NOT IN.

>> Ted: WE HAVE A MAP OF A COUPLE OF SITES AND POSSIBILITIES AND BOTH STARS AND WHY ARE THESE STARS, YOU IDEA HERE AND WHY IS APACHE LAKE SELECTED IN.

>> FOUR LAKES AND THE THREE LOWER LAKES WERE BUILT IN THE '30S TO BUILD HYDROPOWER GENERATION FOR THE VALLEY TO TURN ON ELECTRICITY TO POWER FANS AND EVENTUALLY AIR CONDITIONERS.

ON OUR SYSTEM AS WE'RE LOOKING AT FLUCTUATION FROM DROUGHT, THAT FLUCTUATION HAPPENS AT THE LOWER LAKE AND THE RESERVOIRS ARE FULL BURP ALMOST 100% OF THE TIME.

>> Ted: I WANT TO ASK AGAIN, IT JUST SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE TWO SPOTS THERE AND ARE THEY THAT MUCH DIFFERENT OR WHAT DO WE HAVE GOING HERE?

>> THE EARLY STAGES OF PLANNING AND WE'RE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND CAN WE CONSTRUCT THE FACILITY AND THE DAMS AND PIPELINES OPERATE FOR ONE HUNDRED YEARS OR MORE AND THE PURPOSE INTEREST ASPECTS AND WHAT THEY MIGHT DO FOR CULTURAL RESOURCE?

>> Ted: THE IMPACT, REGARDLESS OF THE SITE, EITHER ONE, THE IMPACT ON APACHE LAKE ITSELF, HOW MUCH?

>> IN TERMS OF OPERATING RANGE?

>> Ted: YES.

>> APACHE LAKE HAS SOME PUMP-BACK STORAGE ON IT AND TODAY, IT FLUCTUATES OF FOUR FEET BETWEEN HID MIDNIGHT AND THE END OF THE DAY.

>> Ted: ANY IMPACTS ON THE OTHER LAKES?

>> NO OTHER IMPACTS ON THE LOWER RESERVOIRS.

THE LOWER ONES ARE WHAT WE PASS WATER THROUGH TO MAKE DELIVERIES TO WATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND KEEP THOSE OPERATIONS CONSISTENT AND APACHE LAKE WOULD PUMP AND GENERATE AS WE FLUCTUATE.

>> Ted: THIS IS WHAT A LITTLE BIT CONFUSING HERE AND WHAT IS GOING ON HERE WITH THE PUMP STORAGE FACILITY?

>> A LOT GOING ON THIS GRAPHIC AND IT'S FAIRLY SIMPLE IN TERMS OF CONCEPT AND YOU CAN SEE THERE'S A LOWER RESERVOIR AND UPPER RESERVOIR AND CONNECTED BY A PIPELINE AND GENERATING STATION UNDERGROUND AND WHAT WE DO IS WHEN WE HAVE EXCESS ENERGY OR FROM SOLAR ON THE GRID, WE PUMP UPHILL AND WE WOULD STORE IT THERE UNTIL WE NEED IT ON THE GRID THROUGH THE EVENING HOURS.

WE WOULD ALLOW THAT TO RUN THROUGH THE PIPELINES AND INTO THAT POWERHOUSE AND SPIN THE OTHER WAY AND GENERATE ELECTRICITY ON THE GRID.

>> Ted: ELECTRICITY IS USED TO PUMP IT TO THE UPPER LAKE AND MORE ELECTRICITY IS USED AS WHAT, ALLOWED TO BE USED, LETTING IT COME BACK DOWN?

>> WE WOULD CALL THAT ROUND-TRIP EFFICIENCY.

SO HOW MUCH ENERGY TO GET THE SAME OUT.

PUMPED STORAGE FACILITIES ARE 80% FACTOR AND OTHERS LIKE BATTERIES IN THE ORDER OF 80 AND 85 AND SIMILAR EFFICIENCY FACTOR.

>> Ted: THE UPPER RESERVOIR IS UP THERE AND UPPER RESERVOIR AND THAT'S THE TWO ITEMS YOU'RE SITES THAT'S THE BIGGER FACTOR.

>> THE TWO SITES WERE CHOSEN BECAUSE THERE'S A THOUSAND FEET OF ELEVATION BETWEEN THE LOWER AND UPPER.

>> Ted: AND AGAIN, THIS IS WHAT FLEXIBILITY, RELIABILITY AND MAKING SURE THE ENERGY IS THERE WHEN YOU NEED IT AND IT SEEMS LIKE RIGHT NOW RESERVOIRS ARE DOING SO WELL ON THE SRP LINE AND NOT NEEDED NOW BUT IN THE FUTURE, YOU NEVER KNOW.

>> 2023 WAS ONE OF THE BIGGEST SNOW PACKED SCENES SINCE THE 1970'S AND ENDED 100% FULL.

>> Ted: WOW!

U.S. FOREST SERVICE LAND IS INVOLVED AND IF SO, WHO WOULD BE IN CHARGE?

>> THE LAND AROUND ALL OF THE RESERVOIRS IS JURISDICTION BETWEEN BUREAU OF RECLAMATION AND U.S. FOREST SERVICE AND SRP COORDINATES WITH BOTH ON VARIOUS OPERATIONAL DECISIONS BECAUSE THE LAND IS WITHDRAWN TO PROTECT THE WATERSHEDS AROUND THESE RESERVOIRS.

>> Ted: THERE'S A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

WE HAVEWE HAVE A LONG-STANDING AGREEMENT ON LAND MANAGEMENT AROUND THE RESERVOIR SYSTEM.

>> Ted: THE IMPACT ON UTILITY COST, WOULD THERE BE MUCH OF AN IMPACT OR IS THIS A BATTERY STORAGE MODEL?

>> A BATTERY STORAGE MODEL AND LOOKING AT DIFFERENT OPTIONS AND PLANNING OUT TEN, 15, 20 YEARS FOR WHAT THE FUTURE OF OUR ENERGY SYSTEM LOOKS LIKE, WHAT CUSTOMER DEMANDS LOOK LIKE AND THIS PROJECT IS ACTUALLY SLIGHTLY MORE COST EFFECTIVE THAN BAT RESIST OF BATTERIES OF A SIMILAR SIZE.

>> Ted: QUITE THE OPERATION AND LET'S SAY YOU -- EVERYBODY GETS THE GO AHEAD AND THE THE HOUSE MOVED THINGS THROUGH AND HOW LONG BEFORE THIS DUMBS A BECOMES A REALITY?

>> TWO TO THREE YEARS OUT AND WE HAVE TO START EARLY PLANS AND GO THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND THE PUBLIC WILL REVIEW THE PLANS AND PROVIDE INPUT AND COMMENTS BEFORE WE GET TO CONSTRUCTION.

>> Ted: INTERESTING STUFF.

RON KLAWITTER, GOOD TO YOU HAVE AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> Ted: UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, WE'LL HEAR ABOUT MARICOPA COUNTIES HEAT RELIEF NETWORK.

>> THEY'RE WORKING ON WAYS TO REPLACE HIGH HYDRATION SITES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY AND IT'S TO PREVENT DEATHS AMONG VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AND WE WELCOME YOU LET'S START FROM 30,000 FEET AND THE HEAT RELIEF NETWORK?

>> THIS IS AN EFFORT MAY 1st MAY 1st THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30th AND IT'S A LATERAL PARTNERSHIP AMONG BUSINESSES, NONPROFITS AND THOSE LOOKING TO GET INVOLVED AND OFFER RELIEF TO OUR EXTREME HEAT.

>> Ted: HOW LONG HAS THIS BEEN GOING ON?

>> SO THE BEGINNING OF THE ENDEAVOR IS WAY BACK IN 2005 AND SO IT HAS SORT OF CHANGED AND EVOLVED SINCE THEN AND LOOKS LIKE IT DOES TODAY.

>> Ted: A NETWORK OF HYDRATION STATIONS AND THESE SORTS OF THINGS AND WATER DONATION SITES, THAT'S HOW IT WORKS?

>> SO WE HAVE FOUR FORMAL SITES ON OUR INTERACTIVE MAP THAT THE PUBLIC CAN ACCESS.

THESE ARE HYDRATION STATION, COOLING CENTERS, RESPITE CENTERS AND COLLECTION AND DONATION SITES AND EACH CERTAINLIES A DIFFERENT ROLE IN OUR NETWORK.

>> Ted: DESCRIBE EACH ONE AND WHAT ARE WE LOOKING AT HERE?

>> HYDRATION STATION WILL BE SOMETHING THAT OFFERS INDOOR OR OUTDOOR HYDRATION AND THINK OF HANDING OUT WATER BOTTLES.

THE COOLING CENTER IS AC AND HYDRATION AND OUR NEWEST SITE THAT WE HAVE THIS YEAR ARE THE RESPITE CENTERS THAT ARE INDOORS AND OFFER AC AND HYDRATION AND ALLOW PEOPLE TO HAVE UNINTERRUPT UNINTERRUPTED REST AND WE'RE HAPPY TO ABLE TO OFFER THAT THIS YEAR.

>> Ted: THESE ARE PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE INVOLVED HERE?

>> YES SO WE HAVE EVERYTHING FROM YOUR CITY LIBRARY TO A LOCAL CHURCH TO A SMALL BUSINESS THAT MIGHT HAVE A LOBBY THAT CAN PUT SOME CHAIRS OUT AND OFF WATER TO PEOPLE AND THE TYPE OF RESOURCE VARIES.

>> Ted: ARE THERE BUSINESSES THAT SAY, HEY, WE WANT TO GET INVOLVED WITH THIS AND WE HAVE THE SPACE OR THE ABILITY TO GET IT DONE?

>> DEFINITELY.

WE SEE A LOT OF OUR BUSINESSES OCCUPYING THAT HYDRATION STATION ASPECT OF OUR MAP.

PEOPLE WHO HAVE THE RESOURCES TO GET WATER AND HELP OUT.

>> Ted: NO PRIVATE RESIDENTS, CORRECT?

>> CORRECT.

WE DON'T HAVE PRIVATE RESIDENTS ON OUR MAP.

>> Ted: WHY IS THAT?

>> WELL, THE DATE ANYWAY, IT'S SET UP FOR MORE STRUCTURED BUSINESSES OR ORGANIZATIONS TO OFFER THESE SERVICES AND WE DON'T WANT TO PUT PEOPLE'S PRIVATE RESIDENCES ON THIS PUBLIC MAP SO THAT IS AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE.

>> Ted: SO DO WE HAVE A NUMBER AND HOW OFTEN IS IT UPDATED?

>> SO WE DO UPDATES AS SOON AS MORE PEOPLE SEND IN SUBMISSION FORMS.

RIGHT NOW WE'RE AT 235 LOCATIONS AND THAT SPANS 50 ORGANIZATIONS IN OUR VALLEY.

>> Ted: IS THERE A WAY -- OBVIOUSLY IF YOU HAVE INTERNET ACCESS, YOU CAN SEE IT'S HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHERE AND YOU'RE UNSHELTERED, HOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE TO GO?

>> RIGHT NOW, WE RELY ON WORD OF MOUTH AND VARIOUS NONPROFITS THAT WORK WITH THE POPULATIONS TO BE SPREADING THE WORD ABOUT THE SERVICES THAT ARE AVAILABLE.

IT'S DEFINITELY DIFFICULT TO HAVE A PHYSICAL MAP FOR A RESOURCERESOURCE THAT CHANGES DAY-BY-DAY.

>> Ted: ARE THE LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED BY SIGNAGE AND IS THAT SIGNAGE CONSISTENT THROUGHOUT ALL OF THE LOCATIONS?

>> YEAH.

SO WE HAVE SIGNAGE AVAILABLE FOR SITES TO HAVE UP AT THEIR LOCATIONS AND IT'S DEFINITELY SOMETHING THAT EVERY YEAR THE NEXT TRIES TO INCREASE THAT AVAILABILITY WITHVISIBILITY.

>> Ted: EVERY YEAR WITH THE HEAT, AS HOT AS WE GET, IT'S JUST RIDICULOUS THAT TIME AROUND.

THE NEED FOR THIS GROWS.

>> EVERY YEAR, YEAH.

WE SEE AN INCREASE IN OUR HIGH TEMPERATURES AND LOW TEMPERATURES AND WE KNOW THIS IS A RESOURCE THE COMMUNITY NEEDS.

>> Ted: ANY INDICATION OF HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE USING THIS, WHETHER IT'S REAL NUMBERS OR ANTIDOTAL?

>> THIS IS SOMETHING DIFFICULT TO GATHER AND THINK OF YOUR LIBRARY AND WHERE YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN THEIR FOR LIBRARY SERVICE AND HEAT RELIEF SERVICES.

OR THINK OF A SMALL BUSINESS THAT DOESN'T HAVE THE CAPACITY TO COUNT PEOPLE DAY IN AND DAY OUT.

ON A WEEKLY BASIS, OUR SITE SEES HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE COMING THROUGH AND GETTING THESE RESOURCES.

>> Ted: SO IF YOU'RE A BUSINESS OR NONPROFIT AND WATCHING THIS AND YOU'RE SAYING, WE HAVE ROOM, A ROOM OR WE COULD JUST AT LEAST HAND OUT WATER, HOW DO YOU GET INVOLVED?

>> SO IF HAVE YOU THE CAPACITY, WE WOULD LOVE TO BE ON BOARDING MORE SITES TO OUR NETWORK AND GO TO AZMAG.GOV/HEATRELIEF AND YOU'LL FIND OUR SUBMISSION FORM.

>> Ted: ARE THERE REQUIREMENTS, SOMETHING TO BE FULFILLED?

>> YOU'LL BE ABLE TO FIND OUT WHAT'S NEEDED THROUGH THAT SUBMISSION FORM AND MOSTLY, OUR COOLING CENTERS AND RESPITE CENTERS FOLLOW THE CDC GUIDELINES.

>> Ted: RIGHT NOW IT'S GOING UP AND THE STRONG.

>> Ted: THANK YOU SO >> IT IS.

>> Ted: THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> NOW THAT I'M OLDER, THIS IS REALLY, REALLY WHAT SONG-WRITING HAS BECOME FOR ME.

>> Ted: NEW RESEARCH OUT OF ASU SEARCHES EUROPA, ONE OF THE MOONS OF JUPITER ADDS TO SCIENTIFIC SPECULATION THAT IT'S ONE OF THE MOST PROMINENT PLACES TO SUCH FOR ALIEN LIFE.

GRADUATE ASSOCIATE AND ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, JOE O'ROURKE AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

I'LLKEVIN, EUROPA, WHAT IS EUROPA AND HOW DOES THIS COMPARE TO THE EARTH AND OUR MOON?

>> EUROPA IS SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN OUR MOON, ABOUT TWO THOUSAND MILES WIDE AND IN TERMS OF HOW MUCH EUROPA WEIGHS IT'S ONE ONE HUNDREDTH OF EARTH AND IT'S A TINY PLACE.

IT'S PART OF WHY YOUR EUROPA IS A FASCINATING MOON.

>> Ted: IT'S ALWAYS A MOON OF JUPITER AND EUROPA.

>> WATER MELTS AT LOWER TEMPERATURES AND A LOT OF THESE ICY MOONS OUT IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, IT'S COLD AT THE SURFACE AND UNDERNEATH, THEY'RE ICY SMELLS.

>> Ted: THERE LITERALLY IS AN OCEAN UNDER THE ICE, A BIG OLD OCEAN UNDER THERE.

THAT'S A BIG DEAL FOR CREATING LIFE.

>> YOU CAN LET YOUR IMAGINATION RUN WILD.

>> Ted: ICE, OCEAN, ROCKY MANTLE AND CORE, FOUR LAYERS.

THAT'S A BIG DEAL AND WHY?

>> YEAH.

SO INSIDE OF A BODY, THERE'S A STORY ABOUT HOW THIS MOON FORMED AND EVOLVED OVER TIME AND EARTH HAS A CORE AND A TYPICAL PICTURE IS ONE WHERE YOU HAVE AN ISOOCEAN, ROCKY MANTLE AND THEN ONE OF THE THINGS IN THE STUDY IS PUT A QUESTION MARK ON THIS METAL CORE AND EUROPA IS SMALL AND UNLIKE EARTH, IT MAY NOT HAVE FORMED AND WOULD HAVE HAVE TO EXPERIENCE EVOLUTION AND GROW TO THE PICTURE WE HAVE IN TEXTBOOKS.

>> Ted: YO,JOE, THAT'S A BIG DEAL BECAUSE?

>> HOW IT EVOLVED OVER TIME.

IN THE MODELS KEVIN WAS REFERENCING BECAUSE EUROPA STARTED, THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURRED HIGH TEMPERATURES WE THINK EUROPA STARTED AS A BALL OF COLD, WET MUD AND THE THEN HEATED UP AND THOSE ARE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PATHWAYS.

>> Ted: HOW UNUSUAL TO START AS COLD, WET MUD?

>> NOT UNUSUAL.

A MOON WAS FORMED BY A GIANT IMPACT BUT THE MOONS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS, THEY WERE COLD INITIALLY.

>> Ted: I READ HYDRATED ROCKS COULD BE A FACTOR IN ALL OF THIS AND A BIG DEAL.

WHAT'S THAT ALL ABOUT?

>> SO WHEN WE USE THE TERM "HYDRATED ROCKS, ROCKS WITH LIQUID WATER AND THESE WERE THE MINERALS, COMPONENTS OF THE ROCKS THEMSELVES HAVE HYDROGEN STORED INTO THE ROCK.

AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, YOU CAN RELEASE THAT INTO A FLUID.

ONE IS THAT THE ACT OF RELEASING WATER CAN CONSUME ENERGY AND THEN YOU CAN FORM THE OCEAN THAT WAY AND EUROPA'S OCEAN IS THIN ENOUGH SO THAT IF YOU ASSUME ALL OF THE WATER IS HYDRATED ROCK, WARMING OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME COULD RELEASE THAT WATER AND YOU MIGHT HAVE AN OCEAN COMPOSITION THAT'S DESCRIBED BY VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE CHEMISTRY, SLOW REACTIONS AND SO THIS IS ALSO TYING INTO WHERE DID THE OCEAN COMB FROM.

>> Ted: THE FACT THAT OCEAN IS THERE AND DEVELOPED SLOWLY, THAT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW.

>> ABSOLUTELY AND THIS TIES INTO THE POSSIBILITY EUROPA HAS UNDERWATER VOLCANOS AND ALL MODS AREMODELS ARE PESSIMISTIC.

THIS IS A HYPOTHESIS THAT WILL BE TESTED.

>> Ted: THE EUROPA CLIPPER, WHAT THAT ALL ABOUT?

>> THE NEXT NASA MISSION TO LAUNCH AND IMPRESSIVE SPACECRAFT AT THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY AND CONDUCTED TENDER FLY BYESBYS TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WORKS UNDER THE SERVICE.

>> Ted: IF THERE'S ANYTHING THAT COULD POSSIBLY LEAD TO LIFE, TRUE?

>> IT WILL STUDY THE CHEMISTRY OF THE SURFACE AND USING THE GRAVITY FIELD TO PROBE WHAT'S BENEATH THE ICE.

>> Ted: THE FOUR LAYERS AND SPACECRAFT AND MISSION AND HOW DOES THAT HELP?

>> WE'LL BE RECORDING GRAVITY DATA AND MAGNETIC DATA AND THIS WILL BE DETERMINE WHAT'S DISTRIBUTED IN THE BODY AND ROCK IS LEVEL ONTO THE METAL AND WATER AND ICE IS LESS DENSE AND WE SHOULD GET AN IDEA OF HOW BIG EACH LAYER IS AND JUST A RANGE OF POSSIBILITIES.

THE MAGNETIC DATA WILL HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE WAY WE DETECT THE OCEAN IN THE FIRST PLACE WAS WITH A MAGNETOMETER AND IT'S CONFIRMATION THE OCEAN IS THERE.

>> Ted: INTERESTING TO KNOW WHAT YOU HAVE THERE.

THIS IS, I THINK, 2030, 2032 WHEN THIS HAPPENS AND SOUNDS LIKE THE BOTTOM LINE, THERE'S STILL A LOT TO LEARN ABOUT EUROPA.

>> ABSOLUTELY, THERE THIS IS GREAT NEWS FOR US AND WE WANT TO BE EMPLOYED IN AGES TO COME.

[ Laughter ] >> I'M HOPEFULLY WILLABLE WE'LL BE ABLE TO PEER UNDER THE ICE.

MANY OTHER MOONS, THE EUROPEANS LAUNCHED A MISSION TO A BIGGER ICY MOON FURTHER AWAY FROM JUPITER WITH AN OCEAN AND MAYBE OCEANS AND MAYBE LIFE.

>> Ted: THANK YOU BOTH FOR JOINING US AND WE APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING US.

>> Ted: THAT'S IT FOR NOW AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.