Okay.

Howdy.

Welcome to the Architecture for Health Lecture Series.

Today, we hav Chai Jayachandran a Health Principal from Jacobs joining us.

Chai brings over 23 years of experience in planning and design of complex healthcare spaces across the care continuum.

And he's also an energy.

He's an she's also Nagi.

She's an alumni.

And Chai plays an integral role in client business development, leadership, staff mentoring, and project leadership.

She has also served as the chair of AA at LA for Healthcare Committee of 2019.

So please help me welcome try to the podium.

Hi.

This is work issues.

Can you guys hear me?

My wife doesn't carry too much, so let me know how.

I had a small introduction slide.

So, like Oxana said, 24 years in health care.

When I first started at A&M, I was a freshman at the board from India, and I really didn't know what I had stumbled into when I came to my studio.

But I never wanted to do anything else.

So in the last 23, 24 years, all I've done is healthcare.

My whole résumé is healthcare, and it has given me a career and satisfaction that I could have never imagined.

So I'm so happy to be back here in front of all of you.

These are the learning objectives for today.

I will let you read that.

I'm going into detail.

It's about the Ed room, which we'll be talking more about, and also about the continuum of care in behavioral health and what's current.

Right now.

So, like I said, we'll have an introduction.

I'll talk about the Project Ed project, a little bit about the continuum of care.

And, conclusion.

So getting into the project.

For those of you who listen to the Ted talk, it comes in the later slide, but it gives you an idea of the mental state of the patient when they get into an Ed.

And the Ed is, as you know, like reading, just like clinical space.

And how do you think you'll feel?

So that's what motivated us to do the study.

We wanted to study just one single room that conflicts between medical and behavioral and make it, like two sensory friendly elements and have a supportive element, environment.

So that is our goal to study one room.

Okay.

This study was not done by just me.

It was the three of us.

It was actually a study from 2016.

So pride abated a little bit, but, I think a lot of it is still very valid.

We had an IT role.

She now works at product.

And she is, design simulation, a design strategist expert.

So, she was very, instrumental in us getting the study.

And it was Ryan who came up with the, design concept that I will share with you, at Perkinson Way, which is one of the bigger healthcare design firms.

They have a very unique program called Incubation and Innovation Incubator.

What that is, is they give us two weeks of time paid to do a study.

So doing our work we can actually pick a topic.

It could be this is actually related to a project we were working on and do a study.

And it's actually published in the Research Journal for Parkinson's.

So when I wanted to revisit it, all I had to do is look at the journal and it was all there.

So, anyways, so this was the Ted talk I was talking about.

It's actually.

And my Ma, that, her name is Ellen Sachs, so she's a legal advisor, and she had seeds of her whole life.

So in this, Ted talks, she talks about how you feel, how the hospitalization, affects you.

And also, you know, the the major episodes that happen, and the support she got from her husband and her family members.

So it gives you an insight into the mental framework of the patient.

So to start off with, I wanted to get into the history of how behavioral health has evolved over the years.

This is, a lot of text on the slide, but it starts from 1950, when the antipsychotic medications came into being.

And then it ends for today.

But there's so many, policy changes and laws that protect the rights of the mental health patient.

And you can see there's been progress made in removing the stigma around mental health.

Previously, you know, you would know patients who had mental issues just shut in a room and kept to themselves.

But that's not what happens.

Now we know how to treat with.

And we are looking at environments that make them healthier, happier, so that they can have a normal life.

So, like I said, it's right in the 1950s, that some psychiatric drugs and understanding that.

Sorry, so understanding that these drugs can actually, reduce their symptoms and also sedate them.

In the 1960s, there was a study done by a sociologist which called asylums, which looks at how the environment was making some of these patients worse.

There was a mental health act also implemented, which said how, mental health centers were needed in the country.

And 1980s, there were a lot of, the number, as you can see, over the years, the population of mental health, patients increases, and a lot of them are held in jails because they didn't know what to do with this population once they were let out of jail.

There was no other supportive environments where there could be release to.

In 1990s came the trauma informed care concept.

This is something which is very valid still, and it takes into effect the five categories of safety, choice, empowerment, collaboration and trustworthiness.

So we still do this in our designs.

And there is a clinical model for this also not just an architectural design model, but it's a clinical care model.

So if you look at it safety, how can we make the space more safer for the patient so that they feel like they are protected?

How do we give them choice in the environment?

Give them, an option to feel like they are responsible and they can, choose their type of care.

How do we empower them again?

By giving them a voice.

Giving them choice.

And collaboration.

Like making them feel like, you know, we are working with them instead of kind of forced on them.

And then the last one was trustworthiness, which is how do you, provide them with clear, information about their care, what's going to happen, like the whole communication so that they understand, what is actually happening to them in 2000?

If you guys have been looking at crisis stabilization units, you should already know that was, that came up which said that any patient who presents themself to the Ed needs to be evaluated and assessed and medically stabilized before they can be moved out.

There were also, I don't want to go into all the details, but there are quite a few regulations.

And even the Affordable Care Act, which increases the availability for behavioral health patients and actually opened up, access for them for a lot of, different types of care.

This also led to EDS having overcrowding.

You heard of Ed boarding where patients stay in 80s for a very long time.

In 2020, when the study was done, the change had started to evolve there.

You know, there was a need to see solutions which represented the trauma.

Informed care and flexible modular spaces was one of them.

So these were some of the, concepts that we saw when we do when we did the site studies for this, it was like, you know, how do you get a patient and secure them?

How do you slide and hide everything, which is still what's going on?

You know, we still slide and hide everything and, you know, all sorts of ligature proofing.

And as the condition of the patient gets worse, or then they get into the occlusion, seclusion and restraint, which is what you don't want to get into.

This is like what we want to avoid.

So getting to the current state, like 1 in 8 patients who come to the, emergency room have some kind of behavioral health issues, up to 40 percentage of people, coming to the Ed have behavioral, other behavioral health issues.

And also, I mean, it goes to say that all of them need some kind of compassionate design.

What are the types of behavioral health issues?

So there are mood disorders, which is the largest anxiety.

All of us know about anxiety.

But take it to an extreme level that it becomes a health issue.

And that's what it is.

You have alcohol related drug related schizophrenia and psychosis gets quite serious.

And they need a lot more medical attention.

And also the suicide protection and intentional self-harm issues.

So the state of, I mean, the length of stay of a behavioral health position can be up to 18 hours.

This is mainly because of Ed boarding, which means you don't have beds to move them to.

So where do they go?

They're just sitting in the Ed, waiting for the next thing, whereas a medical patient can be much lesser.

So what happens to the behavioral patient in the Ed.

Can anybody here who's doing the studio answer this question?

What happens to, behavioral health patient when they come to the Ed?

Anybody?

You have the answer here.

Okay.

So basically they have a lot of shy.

Okay.

Basically what happens is you'll get evaluated.

It's mainly they have to medically stabilize them.

Right.

At the same time, if they are behaviorally acting up, how do you even get close to them?

So it's a de-escalate and evaluate.

And then, you have to create, space for all this to happen.

You have to have a care plan.

And this requires monitoring and evaluation.

So this is required by law.

And that's why it get overcrowded.

Because anybody and everybody who doesn't have insurance or any situation they can walk into the Ed and they'll be taken care of.

So how does a patient move through the Ed?

So you arrive sometimes the de-escalation, happens even in the ambulance area.

Usually these patients are brought in through security or even cops.

So, you know, they're brought in from various locations.

So sometimes they don't even hit the triage.

The triad is where usually the assessment happens.

But sometimes these these folks are taken care of in the ambulance area itself.

And then there's some evaluation done, like how bad is the physical situation?

How bad is the, mental health situation.

And based on that, usually it happens in a treatment room.

And if they are really bad, it goes into a secure, secure holding.

If they have delirium, which is more serious and has a lot of, health issues, it needs more, evaluation and treatment.

And eventually, once they are stable, they can be admitted to a hospital or transferred or even discharged.

So some of the state case studies we did was in Seattle.

This was mainly because our project was there.

And, it was convenient.

So you can see this is a Swedish medical center.

This was, the again, the, secure solution where you just slide the doors and you can hide all the medical gases and, any kind of, ligature proofing, which means any location where somebody can put a rope and kill themselves or harm themselves is not encouraged.

So that's why you have all these doors sliding, all the stuff.

The sink is hidden.

The ceiling is hidden.

This is a, supply server.

I don't know if you guys know what a server is, which is a cabinet where you fill it from the outside of the room, and you can pick it up from the inside of the room, or even that is secured, because you can figure out a way to put something in any of these corners and hook them.

So, that's anti ligature.

This was another inpatient unit that we visited.

As you can see, all the outlets are put in a cabinet and covered.

The corridors had a lot of lighting, you know, most of you know, whoever worked on the sensory rooms that the color of lighting can calm the patients.

So this, unit had a lot of that.

And also, if you look at the sliding door to the toilet, there are ways to not have the upper edge open so that you can put a rope around it and stuff like that.

So these are all good, learning examples.

There's a lot more, that you can do right now, especially with the growth and behavioral health products.

This is another one in Saint Vincent's.

You can see how spa's, a secure or a seclusion room will be.

All they have is a bed on the floor and nothing else to her themselves.

The room is also much smaller, like 90ft².

That is, so that you don't run and hurt yourself.

So it's the sizes are defined.

And this is what we call them.

Standards and FCI and all of it.

The different type of furniture, right?

I mean, now there's a lot more furniture, but just heavier, but looks good.

You've heard of pineapple?

Pineapple is a brand that, creates these monster.

Yeah.

I really love their furniture.

Then they managed to make it look pretty awesome.

So that's the other thing.

Like, if you look at this room, it's all blank, right?

What is there?

Just a blank.

Only just a bed.

And imagine you were sitting in this room for 18 hours.

How would you feel?

So that was something we wanted to look at.

It is a very busy spaces with limited areas.

And how do you do this?

In 80 was our goal.

We also did some expert interviews, and one of the things we heard was when you have a dedicated behavioral health space or a treatment room and a medical, space, then they are dedicated.

It depends.

I mean, it actually takes up, what do you say in part in space?

Because what if you have more behavioral health patients than medical, right.

What do you do?

So they like the flexibility of it being able to flip it between behavioral and medical.

And the other thing I mean, this, Laura, Laura talks a lot about creating healing environments that integrate lighting, odd colors and also reducing the barriers between caregivers and patients.

That's a good point, because when you walk into, behavioral health inpatient space, usually the nurse station will have a high glass, separation.

And that immediately creates.

And us.

I am scared of you.

As I said them.

You're going to hurt me, right?

So we have to be careful how we design these spaces.

You do still want the protection.

But how do you manage that through design?

One of the other things with the seclusion, and the restraints, is now, instead of restraining patients through ties on beds, they're actually chemically restrained.

What that means is they're, like, totally drugged out.

So that also does not solve the problem, right?

You want them to improve their health?

Not be a zombie.

So these are all solutions that we can do through design.

Yeah.

This, Julian, I think, is the one who said that, Not him.

I don't know.

But one of them said that, the garage doors, the metal garage doors create a lot of noise because patients start to bang on them.

And so he wasn't a big proponent of that.

This was a zoning plan that we developed.

We didn't take it to a higher level because the focus was on the individual room.

What this shows is you can have flex rooms next to a medical, space or a medical ed treatment room so that when depending on the type of patient, you can fix it to be more medical or more behavioral.

There are a lot more requirements and apply for visibility.

Location.

Is that the locked unit not locked unit.

So there's a lot more.

I'm not getting into all that right here.

So what is the design solution?

So we looked into all these categories.

How do you make it safe?

Dignity is very important, right?

They are also human beings.

And they have emotions.

They feel everything.

So how do we make it safe and dignified?

How do you, flexibility.

Of course.

We talked about that.

Acuity.

Adaptable is something the, I'll talk about it in a later slide.

Positive distraction.

So how do you create, like I said, not a blank room, but something that they can relax or focus on.

Acoustics, lighting.

You've already seen that in your sensory rooms.

How?

All that can help you relax.

I quickly wanted to touch on the figure.

It was very interesting for me to look at it because in 2014, I mean, in 2016, when we did the study, we did the 2014 version of FDI and all that was there was the single patient exam or treatment room, which is the first paragraph.

It shows it, the minimum size of a room needs to be 120ft².

And the clearances around the stretcher, by the time 2018 came along, they had added the behavioral health crisis unit paragraph in it, which talks about the whole crisis unit and the requirements.

So it was good to see that not only that, the policy changes, happened, but also the it reflected in the codes and in our design.

So some of the design strategies.

So the main key design factor, which differentiates this room from some of the other studies is this flip around.

So if you look at the the top, image shows a very colorful artwork.

And then the next one shows a black.

So there is a small rotation which can create a different feel for the whole room.

And that's what we tried to achieve.

In this, room, we haven't figured out the mechanics of how this would work.

Would it be okay?

With infection control issues?

We don't know that, but it was just a kind of a conceptual idea.

So if you look at it, what were the features?

Right.

So you have a had wall with gases.

If you are doing a need room and you've looked at a, it will tell you that you need to air to oxygen to that cube.

Right.

Then you need all these outlets at the bottom, some higher, some lower for equipment.

Anything you want to plug into, then you have, by FDA, you need the handwash sink.

You need it, the supply, a cabinet and also a trash bin and linen.

And there's a TV which is kind of enclosed, so there's no gaps.

Then the ceiling, the ceiling is not just should should be ligature proofed.

You cannot have any corners available.

What else?

What else?

And then the sliding or swing tracks.

So instead of doing a door, we thought it would be more space economical to have a sliding feature.

Of course, we didn't design the sliding feature, but, so these, shows two types of uses.

So if you're, extremely severe health, if you have an extremely severe health condition, you would use a stretcher.

But if you're a behavioral patient, maybe, a recliner is better so they don't jump around or, you know, they're not like, the recliner is supposed to be more, how do I say it?

Comfortable.

And, you can see the head walls are kind of flippable.

So, that was the idea.

And then the swing doors for the medical patient.

You would swing the garage doors or the swing doors, so that they are accessible.

You need to be able to access these, equipment and supplies quickly.

Whereas in a behavioral health, you could actually maybe keep them closed.

This is again, elevation.

And, we try to look at if you could use, the technology behind, the booms, if you've done your head booms, you see, they are able to swing but also control.

And they, they were like, electronic, pneumatic brakes so that was just a thought.

But, we didn't actually do, what is a prototype anyway?

So this is a, elevation showing all the features and then the transformation.

So if you have a behavioral patient who you need to de-escalate, can you actually rotate the head walls and have a nice, relaxing nature, image.

Or if you have a very, extremely sick patient, you know, you can use a full medical room.

We, kind of looked at the emergency severity index.

So the severity goes up.

So ESR one is the, most severe issue of the patient, like they have respiratory or cardiac arrest.

So they're actually having a heart attack or the behavioral health.

What do you call it?

Timeline, which is they start with minor issues, but then they actually need restraint or, seclusion.

And the many ways this room can serve the type of patient.

So the first two are, like I said, for the severe, severely ill patient.

The second one is for the severely behavioral health, patient and the ones in between.

So there's a whole index and a category of how you might use it.

If it's, for example, if you look at number two for two phase ESR four, so the patient is not very sick.

You know, he has some issues, but, so then you only need one panel open and, you know, he can actually, he's not a very, highly acute, behavioral health also.

So he could have a recliner and had some.

So there's multiple ways this room can be configured based on the severity of the patient.

So that was the study.

Any questions?

Any thoughts on how or what else you would have studied on this project.

And of course we will have more time for Q&A at the end of the session.

If you cannot think of any questions now think about this prototype.

This is a very innovative idea and let us know what you think.

Yeah, I would definitely like to know what else you guys would think of.

Like you know, oh, they don't look at that.

I would have liked to see that.

You know, if you have anything like that.

I mean, so I did a quick, flip through to today because I do have some, projects I'm working on with behavioral health and what is different.

So today, inpatient beds are not the main I mean, we don't want inpatient beds to be the only source of care areas for behavioral patients.

So, SAMHSa, SAMHSa and other organizations have started to focus on crisis stabilization units, observation units, mobile units, telehealth.

And also there is some complexity around how the payments will happen.

So this is a good, graphic I found from this article by a PhD student.

I really like that because this says as you go to the left, it's the least restrictive and the least costly.

Sometimes all it takes for a patient who is, maybe feeling suicidal is one call, right?

There's no cost, but it might save a life.

And what actually happens in the community and residential care?

We are seeing a lot of this in California, where, there is residential care for mental health patients.

That is, that makes it very stable for the patient.

They actually have a path to recovery.

And then of course, you know, what happens in the jail that you are in the hospital.

So it's different ways of looking at the continuum of care for behavioral health.

Like I said, SAMHSa, is, I think it happened in 2010 or something where they came up with crisis response, which is, you know, everybody needs somebody to talk to respond to and somewhere to go.

And it's for anyone, anywhere, anytime.

And there is, crisis hotline, very simple things, but can have a huge impact.

And this was another one I found in the health care design, presentation, if that's the name of the presenter, it's a webinar from April of 2025.

It had a very good, way to express the different severity of the patient and the location.

You've seen that?

Yeah.

Yeah, yeah, it was really well done.

But it's not easy to do these severity indexes.

But they also said that it depended on the time line or how long the patient stayed in a location.

And all these, different types of care environments will require, staff that are multi trained.

So, you know, you did not only know severe cases, but they can handle the milder cases.

So there's a lot of cross-training.

And I didn't mention that.

But staff availability is very low in health care in general.

And for staff for mental health, it's even less so.

There is a need to, to educate.

And there are a lot of policies to improve the staff availability.

Also.

So, like we said, behavioral health, continuum prevention, outpatient crisis response and residential.

So these are some of the categories.

Actually the slide is from a presentation I did on pediatric.

We haven't even touched pediatric behavioral health.

That is a whole different category by itself, because with every pediatric, patient a family member is associated.

So there is a second level of space for the family member that's with the pediatric patient.

So, but these are some of the things that are happening in the, community.

This, this presentation was also from center for Health Design.

I know Rosie very well, and this is a project in Orange County close to L.A., where they're doing outpatient for, like, intensive outpatient program or partial hospitalization programs, along with, residential.

I don't know if you guys have seen this.

If not, definitely go and listen to this one.

It's more for, pediatric youth and adolescents.

And they did the whole site planning, based on a very healing approach.

And this is one of my projects I'm working on.

So this is in San Diego.

They are building a whole new campus for medical, and they pushed the mental health, patients to a older building.

So that's the immediately the for me, the thinking is not right, because you're sending your, behavioral health patients to an older location.

But behavioral health reimbursement is very low.

So it's difficult to make money out of behavioral health care.

So in the West Tower, they are bringing in outpatient programs along with inpatient.

So inpatient can be severe like it's a locked unit.

You know, they, they could be in restrain.

They could be chemically restrained.

So when you get out of a unit like that, where do you go?

How do you continue your treatment?

So on the same floor, there is outpatient programs that they can come back to these outpatient programs or sometimes, weekly like it's group therapy as group.

So, they have a continuum of the care so that that's where, everything is going, because you know, that if you just kind of, transfer a patient out of a unit, they're going to come back in six months in a Or condition.

So how do you help them, survive.

Yeah.

And this is just a section.

So the third and the fourth floor is where majority of the, inpatient and outpatient programs will happen.

It's very tricky because it's an older building.

You have elevators where you're bringing in, highly severe mental health patients and also you're bringing in outpatients.

So how does that all work?

But that's all the space they have, and that's all the money they have.

Even to do this, they are going for B chip, which is Grant.

And they have to make a whole presentation.

And it's like months putting together a proposal.

So to get these grants.

So behavioral health has a lot of support, but it is, I mean, they more than before, but it's still quite tedious.

And because it does not make a lot of money, it's not very prevalent.

Most of the freestanding behavioral health projects that you see will have sponsors, like somebody says, I'll give you 100 million or 1000 million, whatever.

Go buy, build a hospital.

Otherwise you have to go through all these, many different grants and all that.

Anyways, so in closing, I don't know if I'm too short or long.

Yeah.

I'm on time.

Yeah.

Yeah.

So we all know environment enhances care.

We know design has a big impact.

We want to.

We are all very passionate and should be passionate about destigmatizing mental health.

I'm going to getting back to the Ed.

The Ed being the main point of entry for a lot of these patients can be more healing, and it can be a bridge to connect them back to the community.

Okay, that was it.

Thank you so much.

Hi.

Great presentation.

So we have a good amount of time for a Q&A session.

Specially we have students in our studio who are working on designing for mental and behavioral health.

And we're focusing on adults and adolescents.

Okay.

So we gave them a real challenge okay.

Because now they have to think about you know, separation age.

And also they're thinking about accommodating a different genders in the units and are designing a 23 hour unit and also a more inpatient type crisis stabilization unit.

Okay.

Oh very challenging.

We're really challenging them and they're doing a wonderful job.

So, based on today's presentation, do you have any questions for Ty or related to, the projects that you're working on?

Lilly.

So, I really appreciate learning more about the flexibility with the acuity for the, the patient exam treatment room.

Is there any, considerations for, since we're focusing on adolescents and adults, any specific considerations that we should, think about when designing for the different demographics?

That's a good question.

I mean, the ones that I've seen, it's not mixed, right?

Pediatric is it's own area, and an adult is completely separate.

In pediatric, if you can actually provide some play areas and if they are slightly more, I should say slightly less severe, then you can give them a more healing environment.

One of the case studies be to do is talk children's, in Irvine, they have an inpatient unit where the whole unit is divided by age group, like you said.

And there are nurse stations for each group, and they have different timings and play areas and stuff.

In the area I would be interested to it would be separate for sure.

I wouldn't mix the adult and the pediatric and maybe make it a little bit more playful.

What else?

Yeah.

And also the space for the parents.

Like I mentioned, they're always going to be accompanied by either a mom or dad, a brother or sister, somebody.

So you have to make sure they're taken care of.

Thank you.

Any other questions.

Okay.

We have we're going to go to Grace.

And then Eva in the study you were talking about the further considerations we would like to see, I was curious about what would the impact be of using different images on the slides be if, it's always going to be nature or if something else, related to art would be preferable.

That would be like the next step that I would be curious about.

And I just wanted to hear your thoughts on that.

I am not up to speed on art, but I do know that abstract art is a full no right, because abstract art can mean different things to different people.

So that's why we kind of lean towards nature.

But that doesn't mean it could be a beach, it could be a sunrise, it could be a sunset.

You don't have to go with the greenery.

In imaging rooms now, we do the ceilings, which look like skies, so it doesn't have to be on the wall.

You can do anything on the ceiling.

But.

Yeah.

Roxana, what do you think?

So this is a great question.

And there is an ongoing debate on this.

So you've heard about this year of supportive design by Roger Auric, who was basically one of the professors here.

Many years ago.

And also you're all incorporating biophilic design elements into your work.

Well, for sure, as I mentioned, abstract paintings and sharp colors, it's something that would try to stay away from when you're designing for mental and behavioral health.

And even in terms of images of nature, again, white life is something that we stay away from.

When you want to basically incorporate images into mental and behavioral health environments.

But there is an ongoing debate in terms of natural elements, even, some recent studies have been focused on when we were talking about abuse of nature, what percentage of sky, vegetation, greenery, how much sky clouds, like, how would different elements, what percentage of integration of those elements can, actually make a difference?

And, what combination is the most impactful in terms of stress reducing?

So we're still looking into this and there is not one definite response.

And there has been some research studies on incorporation of AI to generate images, for the purpose of reducing stress.

And again, how do you use prompts?

How do you train AI to produce exactly the type of image that would be most conducive in terms of stress reducing?

So these are a very recent issues that we're starting to think about.

And great question.

Thank you for asking that.

Ava.

Hello.

So I also had a question about the case study with the partitions.

I was wondering, in an instance of a higher acuity patient, if there was some sort of blocking system in the in the walls to keep a patient from moving them themselves and potentially harming them.

So that's a good idea.

Definitely.

I was thinking the same thing.

Right.

So, have you thought about securing the panels or, would there be any considerations for that?

How do you think that would be implemented?

The braking system that follows the the boom, I think it has its own break.

But like anything, if you put a lot of pressure, anything can break.

So, there might be a small balance there doing, you know, having to secure it like you're mentioning, the study has a lot of potential.

If any of you want to take it and study it further, because we kind of had, a couple of months and this is all we could do it at the moment.

And then all three of us are in different firms now doing different things.

But yeah, yeah, this is a great idea.

And, we know that Clemson University is currently looking at that with an HQ funded, project, and they're also it's not, like this, concept, but there are panels that can be locked individually and they're made of wood.

So at a time of emergency, they unlock it and all the gas and other, electrical equipment, everything is accessible.

But again, it's something that, well, they have not finished a study, so we do not know the extent of the report or the conclusion they have got to.

But, how, time efficient it would be if we want to lock all these panels and unlock them at a time of emergencies.

Also something to think about.

And I know that there are doing physical mock ups, high fidelity physical mock ups, like the ones that we're doing at rallies.

A little bit of higher fidelity, of course, and they're testing this idea to see at a time of emergency, would these concepts actually work for patients and caregivers or not?

Okay.

And it would have to be something automatic, right.

When there is a certain pressure applied, it should just all of them should lock simultaneously.

Exactly.

And it was really intriguing.

The concept of acuity level, like arranging these medical gases in a way that it is compatible with the level of acuity.

It was very innovative.

Yeah.

Very intriguing.

Yeah.

And I think, we tried to put together the, the scale based on the emergency severity and the behavioral health, but with sound and all that.

I feel like there might be different categorization for the patients, which might be more apt.

You know, the combinations might be a little bit different.

As I look more into it, I'm like, okay, you know, we are just being very straightforward about it.

Okay.

The, the behavioral health patient was seclusion, restraint and restraint.

But there might be some in between just the first three.

Which that's a lot more variety.

Correct.

So you don't need dependance needs to exist.

Yeah.

So it's a great problem that you guys if you want to build on it for your final studies maybe for competition.

So this is a very good project that you can definitely think about.

And if you're interested definitely contact try.

You know, the other thing I wanted to bring up is not just artwork, right.

What about music?

So music also has the same issue where some music is healing for people and some music is the same.

Music might not be healing for somebody else.

So do you kind of stay with nature sounds or do you look at other so there's a whole area of research, I'm sure, just on music.

Exactly.

And even with the sensory room prototype that we're implementing over there recently, we got, an element, is a projector that, projects some, patterns of nature on this prototype.

So we just got it last week, and it also provides some options for you to select the type of nature sound.

So adding that element of control and choice that would make a huge difference.

So you can just play sounds of nature for patients.

But any sound that you do not have control over it can really, it can have the opposite impact.

So adding that choice and control and how you implemented, how safely implemented, you can actually, walk outside.

We secured this projector for safety purposes in the lab over there.

But we can bring it in the sensory room and you can see how safely they designed it.

So, if, patients who are dealing with mental and behavioral health crisis are using this projector, how buttons are implemented to be safely operated in case they want to select different types of lighting patterns and sounds.

So these are all things to think about when you're designing and even the size of the room.

Right.

So the behavioral health room, if you close out the, alcoves it should be around 90ft.

So you don't want to give a really big behavioral health room for reasons of like, you know, they don't you don't want them to run.

And so the area can also be we just went, with initial studies at that point, but I'm sure all these have evolved and, you know Absolutely.

Okay.

Okay.

Are there any other questions from the students?

If not, we going to wrap up today's lecture.

Thank you so much.

Hi again for joining us from Jacobs.

Thank you.

Thank you.