

Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening
Special | 52m 50sVideo has Closed Captions
Rare archives resolve the puzzle of Josephine Baker's fascinating 50-year-long career.
The amazing story of the first Black superstar. Baker, born into poverty in Missouri in 1906, moved to France where she became a dancer hailed as the Queen of Paris, joined the French Resistance, and became a civil rights activist. This is the journey of her awakening — from the "banana dancer" to a humanist fighter against racial injustice.
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Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening is presented by your local public television station.
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Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening
Special | 52m 50sVideo has Closed Captions
The amazing story of the first Black superstar. Baker, born into poverty in Missouri in 1906, moved to France where she became a dancer hailed as the Queen of Paris, joined the French Resistance, and became a civil rights activist. This is the journey of her awakening — from the "banana dancer" to a humanist fighter against racial injustice.
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How to Watch Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening
Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening is available to stream on pbs.org and the free PBS App, available on iPhone, Apple TV, Android TV, Android smartphones, Amazon Fire TV, Amazon Fire Tablet, Roku, Samsung Smart TV, and Vizio.
(energetic music) ♪ (narrator) Parisians had never seen anything like it.
It wasn't ballet or burlesque.
It wasn't a tribal dance.
It was the spirit of an era.
It was about laughter, desire, freedom.
In front of white audiences, Josephine played out her life.
♪ (somber music) Because below the surface, emotions welled inside her.
Memories of her childhood.
The stinging pain of segregation.
The plight of her people across the ocean.
(applauding) ♪ Josephine would have to wait 40 years before she could cast off this burden.
(MLK Jr.) I have a dream today.
(applauding) (announcer) Josephine Baker.
(narrator) Gone were the feathers, the sequins, and glitter.
It was in a fighter's uniform that she celebrated this great moment of victory.
(applauding) (Josephine) I want you to know that this is the happiest day of my entire life.
(narrator) She turned her fame into a weapon to fight injustice.
This is the story of the first Black star in history.
(upbeat music) ♪ (quirky music) ♪ Dancing to survive, dancing to escape the harsh Missouri winter.
♪ These steps passed down since the days of slavery would stay with Josephine throughout her life.
♪ Josephine was 7 when her mother sent her to work for white families.
A succession of mistresses who never treated her like a human being.
(melancholic music) ♪ Josephine gritted her teeth and hung on, until that day she would never forget.
(Josephine) I let the dishwasher boil too long, and the plates got broken.
Mistress was so angry that she pushed my hands into the boiling water.
I screamed.
I prayed to God, "Please let me die.
I'm too miserable."
(wind gusting) (bird cawing) ♪ (narrator) Running away to survive, Josephine left St. Louis at the age of 13 to join an all-Black traveling vaudeville troupe.
(solemn music) Her mother said, "If that's the life she's chosen, let her live it."
♪ (Tracy) Josephine Baker growing up in St. Louis, Missouri was tough.
It was not an easy place to be, although coming out of the Civil War, St. Louis was on the right side.
It was a Union city.
It was a very tough and very segregated place, and Black folks were kind of pushed in certain parts of the city.
It was very poor.
Their opportunities were not great.
There was, of course, a burgeoning Black middle class, but Baker did not belong to that, and she endured a lot of, you know, tragedies, abuses.
She married young, twice, and so she was willing to take risk that others would not.
(narrator) Josephine aimed for the sky, and her journey took her to New York.
(upbeat music) The capital of music halls was slowly opening up to Black America.
The more adventurous white folk went slumming to Black cabarets in Harlem.
Josephine knew that this was the audience she had to win over.
♪ But, wanting to please this new clientele, Black producers only cast light-skinned chorus girls.
♪ Too short, too skinny, too dark, Josephine didn't fit the bill.
♪ But, she went ahead and got herself hired as a dresser.
A few week later, she was on the stage.
To attract attention, Josephine played the clown from St. Louis.
She crossed her eyes, grimaced, flung her limbs about.
Audiences roared with laughter.
They came back every night just to see her.
(Josephine) One night, a white woman was waiting to see me after the show.
She was a producer recruiting for an all-Black show in Paris, and she wanted to sign me up.
(foghorn blowing) (narrator) Josephine knew that this was her big break, so off she sailed.
(seagull cawing) (Josephine) The day we left, I didn't see a thing.
I stayed in my cabin the whole day.
I was so afraid, afraid of the ocean, afraid of Europe, afraid of the unknown.
(wind gusting) Sidney Bechet whispered to me, "Don't be scared.
You'll see, people in Paris don't care about our color," and he was right.
I was amazed to be treated as an equal by whites, and to be able to mingle with them.
Everywhere we were greeted with a smile.
Now, that's what freedom is.
(Parisian music) ♪ (narrator) Josephine instantly fell in love with Paris, it's narrow streets, café terraces, constant clamor of honking horns, lovers kissing in the street.
♪ Yet, her dreams of Paris were already starting to slip away.
The show's promoters were in a panic.
La Revue Nègre was too American, too prudish, and they had promised audiences African savagery.
They had three days to come up with an idea to save the show.
Everyone's eyes turned to Josephine.
(quirky music) Of all the dancers, she was the funniest, the sexiest, and she certainly wasn't shy.
♪ She had to be the star.
For one of the acts, she would dance bare breasted.
That was something Paris audiences would not forget.
♪ (overlapping remarks) Critics, artists, high society, everyone was there.
(whirring) For Josephine, it was a moment of truth.
If she won them over, fame could be hers.
The lights went down.
The show was on.
(whimsical music) ♪ (Josephine) Blinded by the blazing stage lights, possessed by some kind of devil, I improvised.
I was spellbound by the music, driven wild by the theater packed to the doors.
Even my teeth and eyes burned with fever.
With every leap, I seemed to touch the sky, and when I returned to Earth, it felt like it was mine alone.
(ominous piano music) ♪ (narrator) Alternating between the clown and the seductress, the primitive and the American, Josephine hit Paris like a bombshell.
She broke new ground, embodying the audience's fantasies, taking them to new heights.
(cheering and applauding) ♪ It was a smash hit.
Two camps quickly formed.
The Old God saw Josephine as poison, a symbol of decadence.
For the modernist, she was the heroine of the much needed artistic revival of Europe.
(fireworks exploding) (Parisian music) ♪ (Josephine) I collected press clippings.
They were my first French lessons.
"She brings the breath of the jungle, a primal strength and beauty to the tired stages of Western civilization."
Better still: "She is the Black Venus, who haunted Baudelaire."
But also, on a more cruel note, "La Revue Nègre is nothing more than lamentable transatlantic exhibitionism that takes us back to the ape in less time than we descended from it."
♪ (overlapping remarks) (narrator) In conservative circles, the success of La Revue Nègre was alarming.
This Black American modernity was subversive, and French people would do better to visit the highly popular colonial exhibition.
(woodwind music) There, at least, everyone was in their rightful place.
Black Africans were in replica villages, while white men paraded through their conquered territory.
The French Empire was here to stay.
To reinforce the demonstration, almost naked young African men had to dive into a pond to retrieve coins.
(hand drum music) ♪ Josephine was well aware that she also personified the savage.
But, she had her own way of interpreting this troubling role.
She drew on her spectator's fantasies, appropriated them, remodeled them.
Wearing a string of bananas around her waist, she turned the ultimate racist symbol into a phallic trophy that she gyrated before thrilled spectators.
♪ (quirky music) (narrator) Artists and writers adored this dancer, who shocked conformists with such charm and wit.
Simenon became her secretary and her lover.
Poiret dressed her.
Hemingway frequented her new show.
Pillet wrote letters to her.
Calder sculpted her body, and Dongen painted her, and Picasso called her "the Nefertiti of today."
♪ (Tracy) African art was extremely popular during that time, and the surrealists were very, very appreciative of African art.
For them, it was just the kind of embodiment of art that was not impacted by Western influences.
Blacks oftentimes represented that in its purist way, and Baker was right in the center of it.
And Josephine and her posing, deliberately posing in certain ways, also understood what she was embodying.
She was a very clever woman in that sense.
(Josephine) ♪ I don't know why ♪ ♪ I made you cry ♪ (narrator) Josephine adored the image artists had of her.
She reveled in playing the African statue that all of a sudden breaks into dance.
(Josephine) ♪ So lenient with me ♪ ♪ I'll try to forgive ♪ (narrator) Sophisticated and impulsive, her temperament fit perfectly with the Roaring '20s, a giddy time when living to excess became vital.
Anything to forget loved ones who didn't come back from the war.
(female singer) ♪ Oh, you, you, you, you ♪ (narrator) Dancing, going naked, running wild, imitating these savages who never had the strange idea of inventing a world war.
(female singer) ♪ But what can I say, dear, after I say I'm sorry ♪ (whimsical music) ♪ (applauding and cheering) (quirky music) (Josephine) I was at new hotel in the Rue des Batignolles, a charming white building.
The chambermaid was white.
The porter who delivered my breakfast, also white.
They took care of my every need as I lounged on my white pillows, after all those years of working as a maid for whites.
♪ (Tracy) It was absolutely an overwhelming experience for her.
France becomes a citadel, a refuge for African-Americans, and she's like, "Come, the water's warm here.
Leave that cold water over there, and come here where you will be welcomed.
You don't have to deal with these sorts of things."
And so, again, it allows the French to have a certain idea, a puffed-up sense of themselves, with respect to race relations.
That's mythic, but in Baker's mind, and certainly in Baker's world and what she represented, it was very much true.
(cheering and applauding) (violin music) ♪ (narrator) Her success was phenomenal.
Josephine needed support, an ally.
She met Pepito, an Italian adventurer who styled himself as Count Abatino.
He was an inspired businessman, and had an eye for opportunity.
He became her manager and her lover.
♪ (bird wings flapping) Pepito thought it was time for Josephine to target the female market.
French woman were looking for a woman to aspire to in their struggle to break free of the past.
Black, glamorous, undefiled, Josephine projected an image of emancipation.
♪ He launched a line of beauty products.
Bakerfix hair gel and Bakerskin darkening lotion.
They were a hit.
(peppy music) In Paris and beyond, fashionistas at the time went wild over anything with Josephine Baker's name on it.
Even children had their own Josephine dolls.
♪ Josephine was unstoppable.
She became a singer, performed at the opera, danced classical ballet, and launched a career as an actress.
(Margo) That was modernist freedom.
You know, the woman, you know, taking-- taking the city, taking to the street, being in nightclubs, dancing naughtily and boldly, bursting into song.
And then, she learned the nakedness was wonderful, but she also became a fashion icon, you know, and that-- change her hairdos, and then walk down the street with the leopard-- all of these, you know, are signs of daring.
The theatrics of free modernity.
(mysterious music) ♪ (narrator) All of Europe wanted Josephine.
She set out on a tour.
(train whistle blowing) For almost two years, she traveled from Germany to Romania, Sweden to Italy.
Everywhere crowds flocked to see this Black dancer who defied the norms of Old Europe.
♪ She received thousands of love letters and hundreds of marriage proposals.
♪ The infatuation was almost overwhelming.
(crowd roaring) (Josephine) For the first time, I was scared by the crowds.
Their curiosity, their affection, their enthusiasm.
White folks' imagination sure is something when it comes to Blacks.
(cheering) (somber music) (narrator) While some people smothered her with love, others didn't hide their contempt.
In Vienna, church bells rang out to warn churchgoers to stay off the streets to avoid catching sight of the shameless Black woman.
(indistinct remarks) Pamphlets circulated with the headline, "Let That Immoral Woman Be Punished As She Deserves."
(goofy music) ♪ (chuckling) (Josephine) I had become a symbol of moral decadence.
A threat to the people of Austria.
If only they knew that this little negress prays every night, no matter how tired she is after the show.
(laughing) (applauding) (train rumbling) I began to feel uneasy about being a curiosity, even if it was written in my contract to amuse people.
(Margo) It had to be, at times, terrifying, because she was always a spectacle.
You know, and she was also always under a kind of surveillance.
Almost a kind of visual and cultural policing.
What's she going to do now?
Is this winning, or is this, in some way, maybe a little presumptuous, a little degrading?
Is this art?
Is she advancing art, and the art of the race?
Or is she just, you know, playing trivially?
(indistinct remarks) (child crying) She didn't want us to be thinking about the drama of what it meant to be the first international Black star.
I think she wanted us to see it as a divine comedy.
(solemn music) ♪ (narrator) Comedy to hide dramas, disappointments.
Not one of the white men she had loved since coming to France had ever spoken of marriage.
♪ Josephine's love life mirrored the role she played in movies.
It was fine to fool around with her, but marriage was out of the question.
♪ She responded in typical style, in song with a big smile.
♪ (foghorn blowing) Life in Europe wasn't perfect.
But, this was where Josephine created her destiny, where she became a leading figure in the entertainment industry, where she discovered the power of being a star.
(melancholic music) (seagulls cawing) But, after 11 years away, she had one desire: To the settle the scores, to show Americans La Baker.
(foghorn blowing) (Josephine) When the ocean liner pulled into the docks, I saw Black folk waiting on the wharf.
Had they come to see me?
We disembarked.
All the Black folk crowded the gangway.
I realized then that they were porters, chauffeurs, maids.
waiting for their employers.
I wanted to laugh at myself.
♪ At the hotel, things got worse.
"A suite for Ms.
Baker."
The receptionist eyed me suspiciously.
"There must be a mistake."
My manager protested, but they just repeated, "Miss, there must be a mistake."
♪ That was it.
Nothing could be done.
In the eyes of the receptionist, I was just a negress.
♪ From one hotel to the next, the same frosty smile, the same shrug of the shoulders, the same outright refusal.
Appalling.
(footsteps clacking) (thundering) The demons of my childhood came back to me.
I remembered the time my terrified mother woke us in the middle of the night.
Outside we heard screams coming closer.
My brother thought it was a storm, but no, it was the whites.
(horses snarling) The words of our pastor echoed in my head.
In a spine-chilling voice, he preached about the apocalypse.
We saw huge flames leaping up from the river bank.
People were running in every direction.
It was as if the entire Black community was fleeing, driven away like ants from an anthill.
Someone shouted, "A white woman was raped!"
I didn't understand the words, but I knew it was a catastrophe, like the apocalypse.
(ominous music) ♪ (narrator) Josephine hoped that the success she'd achieved in Europe would protect her from racism.
Far from it.
After her opening on Broadway, scathing reviews consistently pointed to the color of her skin.
(Margo) She thought she was coming back as a star of a major Broadway show, Ziegfeld Follies, and she assumed that she would triumph with critics as well as with audiences.
And when the show opened, the reviews were patronizing to contemptuous.
Basically the tone was, "We're trying to be tolerant about it, but who is this little negress?"
You know, who left some time ago as a tiny little player in the theater, and then mysteriously achieved all this fame in Paris, and it appeared that American culture had to belittle, and mock, and even degrade for what were they decided to see as pretensions, not accomplishment.
(narrator) Bitter, humiliated, Josephine returned to Paris.
(train chugging) (train hissing) (cheering) (clamoring) At the train station, Josephine kept up the act.
She was pleased to be back in Paris, but her heart was heavy.
Petito had died suddenly while she was away.
He had been by her side for 10 years, her partner, her manager, her faithful friend.
Without him, she would have to reinvent her life.
(somber music) ♪ (Josephine) "Darling," Colette said to me, "don't be forlorn.
The French language has such sweet words, like the word 'forlorn.'"
So, I went to galas and cocktails.
I was a patron here, chairwoman there.
That's when I met Jean Lion, a businessman.
He was young and rich.
Women adored him, but he only had eyes for me.
It was flattering.
We got married.
I became Madame Jean Lion.
I had a French passport, and I was expecting a baby.
I no longer felt forlorn.
(Parisian music) ♪ (whirring) (narrator) Josephine had finally found her Prince Charming.
(propeller humming) At first, she loved the role of Madame Jean Lion, but she soon tired of it.
She was a free woman, not a homebody.
(birds chirping) When she miscarried, she knew it wasn't the life for her.
She divorced and returned to the stage.
(applauding) But, it was no longer enough.
Josephine wanted to give her life a deeper meaning.
She found it in the French resistance, fighting the Nazis.
I asked for only one thing: To serve the country to which I am eternally grateful.
France made me what I am.
Accepting me unconditionally.
I was ready to give her my life.
(children babbling) (Margo) That war represents such a turn, and probably the trip to America a few years before, where she had been attacked in so many political ways, and had been addressed by many of the Black leaders she met.
She'd been asked, "What are you going to do about Civil Rights?"
She'd been challenged in a way that said, "Are you just a kind of shallow, superficial, self-absorbed entertainer, or is there more to you?
You owe a debt."
Now, in terms of her visit to America, that was put in largely racial terms, but, of course, Civil Rights, you know, linked up with anti-fascism, etcetera.
When she went back to France, she had to start thinking about, you know, her role there, too.
(narrator) The war enabled Josephine to take a new step to share in a common battle.
She became a spy for the Free French Forces.
She risked her life on many occasions.
While on tour in hostile territories, she used her sheet music to conceal plans of German military installations written in invisible ink.
(Josephine) It can help to be Josephine Baker.
The Customs officers asked for my papers.
But, all they wanted was autographs.
I was able to pass on the plans without a hitch.
(vocalizing) (narrator) Her popularity served as a cover.
She always traveled with her so-called assistant Jacques Abtey, an intelligence agent for the resistance.
(vocalizing) Her undercover missions brought her out of herself.
Behind the star was a fearless fighter.
(applauding) (ominous music) ♪ When American soldiers landed in Morocco in November, 1942, Josephine was already there, working for the resistance.
(overlapping remarks) A symbol of the Franco-American alliance, she sang to the troops to boost their morale.
(clapping) From Morocco to Syria, Josephine performed for Black and white Americans, Arabs, and Europeans.
She dreamed of a better, united world after the defeat of the Nazis.
(applauding) (Margo) Josephine was-- in a way, she was turning her international audience from La Baker days, you know, into a kind of audience, but a community, if you will.
It was one of her early experiences, I think, with thinking about very diverse people as peoples she could bring into-- she could, by the power of her talent, her will, her vision, bring into a kind of community.
(cheering) (Parisian music) ♪ (narrator) Josephine returned from the war in the spotlight, hailed as a heroine of France for her participation in the resistance.
Soon after marrying the orchestra conductor Jo Bouillon, she accepted an invitation to sing in the United States.
She felt sure that, after conquering the Nazis, her homeland would at last be able to confront its racist demons.
(melancholic music) ♪ But, when she arrived in New York, she saw that nothing had changed.
Just like before the war, hotels refused her a room.
She and her white husband might offend Southern clients.
(siren blaring) (indistinct remarks) (Josephine) So, I decided to leave.
If a star like me was treated that way in New York, I hated to think what could happen down South.
I made up my mind to look the beast in the eye.
(train squealing) (rumbling) I planned my trip well.
I wouldn't travel as Josephine Baker the French star.
I wanted to be a simple Black American, an ordinary Ms. Brown.
I found the name amusing.
(blues music) Everywhere I went, there were two of everything.
Two waiting lounges, two coffee shops, two restaurants.
I went into the coffee shop with the sign saying, "White."
As I passed the tables, everyone stared at me.
"Two sandwiches, please," I asked.
The waitress quickly handed me my sandwiches and took my money, as if trying to get rid of me.
♪ Then I went into the Black folks' coffee shop.
I expected, at least, to see an approving smile, a knowing glance.
Not a chance.
(somber piano music) All I got was scowling, disapproving faces.
Some people even looked horrified.
♪ (Tracy) We cannot, at all, underestimate the risk that she did take doing that.
There were a lot of people who wouldn't have done that.
But, the problem, again, is she's Josephine Baker, she's going into an establishment, in a segregated establishment, you know, thumbing her nose at customs, many social customs in certain parts of the South that has simply been accepted as, "That is the way it's going to be.
It's not going to change, and Black folks know their place."
And here she comes giving them ideas about them moving out of their place.
And then, she goes, right?
That's the problem.
Was she going to stay and fight?
Was she gonna deal with the aftermath, the repercussions of her actions?
Therein likes the critique.
For many African-Americans, when she crossed the color line, she didn't cross back.
She didn't take anyone with her, and so that was also a problem.
It's not like Josephine Baker created an entourage on which she, you know, helped other acts along, or did whatever.
It was Josephine Baker and only Josephine Baker.
On the one hand, there was fierce pride that she had made it, and on the other hand, there was a great deal of criticism, because only she had made it, and so she did not necessarily open doors.
(somber music) ♪ (narrator) Josephine was deeply hurt by the criticism from the Black community.
After 20 years away, she had lost touch with the everyday life of African-Americans.
Now, she knew that, despite her ups and downs, her fame had shielded her from the brutality of segregation.
It was time to use her privileges to fight for the rights of her people.
Three years later, she returned to the States to perform in Florida.
This time, she set her conditions before crossing the Atlantic.
(Josephine) It was simple.
I wouldn't sing anywhere my people were not accepted.
I would only agree to come to the United States if Black patrons were admitted to my shows.
(narrator) The producer of her show felt sure it was the right time to launch Josephine in the States, and agreed to all her conditions.
(Josephine) Well, it seems that you do love me.
I'll never let you down, ladies and gentlemen, and sisters and brothers, never, never!
(narrator) He contract stipulated that patrons were to be admitted regardless of race, color, or creed.
It was an historic event.
For the first time in Miami, Black people were admitted to grand hotels and exclusive cabarets.
It was a triumph.
People in the audience were in tears.
(applauding) (Josephine) Come on, here we go!
(singing in another language) Come on!
(upbeat music) ♪ Hey!
♪ (narrator) News of the concerts spread across the United States.
Josephine sang in St. Louis, Los Angeles, and many other cities.
In Las Vegas, she publicly denounced the racist comments of a nightclub owner.
She came out in support of Willie McGee, a Black man sentenced to death for the alleged rape of a white woman.
Josephine could at last use her success to fight for her people.
(cheering) (Josephine) ♪ It brings back the sound of music so tender ♪ ♪ It brings back a night of tropical splendor ♪ (narrator) But, an incident disrupted this honeymoon.
One evening at the famous Stork Club in New York, while she was dining with friends, Josephine waited a long time to be served.
A very long time.
Until she understood that her meal would never come.
It made her blood boil.
She stormed out of the club, called the leading civil rights association, and made an official report of the incident.
(peppy music) ♪ The next day, militants organized a picket line to block the entrance to the club.
(solemn music) The affair blew up.
Josephine had become a troublemaker.
Was accused of communist sympathies by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.
(typing) (Hoover) The experience of people in other lands have suddenly found themselves-- (narrator) Josephine was declared an enemy of the United States.
She left for Latin America, where she publically condemned her country's racial policies.
♪ It was war.
The FBI pressured Latin American countries, and, one by one, her concerts were canceled in Peru, Colombia, Cuba, and Haiti.
She was told she may never be allowed to return to the USA.
She was devastated.
♪ (Josephine) Whatever had we done?
I had done my best during the war to fight the Nazis and their racist policies.
But, I saw the same attitude, just as insidious, just as ugly, in those who had opposed the Nazis.
(birds chirping) So, I went back to France.
Since before the war, the place I felt most at home was at my chateau in Dordogne.
(melancholic music) ♪ During my travels around the world, I saw that people were mixing more and more.
It seemed obvious that racial purity would gradually disappear.
But, I wanted it to happen through love, not hate.
♪ (narrator) To prove that all the peoples of the world could live in harmony, Josephine adopted 12 children of different nationalities, and raised them in her shadow.
♪ She called her family "The Rainbow Tribe," and she was their prophetess.
♪ (singing in French) ♪ (narrator) The French had followed Josephine's adventures for over 30 years.
They revered her as a dancer, a singer, an actress, and honored her as a heroine of the resistance.
They even awarded her the Legion of Honor at her chateau surrounded by her Rainbow Tribe.
And yet, something was still missing.
She yearned for the love of her native land, where she was still refused entry.
(male singer vocalizing) But, in America, times were changing.
A young minister Martin Luther King had taken the lead of the Civil Rights Movement.
In August, 1963, he called on Blacks and whites to march together in Washington to protest against segregation.
Josephine had achieved what no Black woman before her ever had, and King wanted her to be there.
Bobby Kennedy intervened to lift her travel ban.
At the march, Josephine was the only woman to make a speech.
(Josephine) I want you to know that this is the happiest day of my entire life.
The results today, I can see you all together, it's a sight for sore eyes.
We're together and (indistinct), just as we should be.
Just as I've always wanted you to be, and the people of the world have always wanted to be.
You are the united people.
At last you are on the eve of a complete victory.
Continue on.
You can't go wrong, the world is behind you.
(applauding and cheering) (Margo) Josephine arrives at this major, major event that we now know was mostly organized by male Civil Rights leaders.
The women who were involved kept being pushed a little to the side.
That's a parenthesis, but it matters.
Josephine arrives like an emissary, you know, from abroad, and that international aspect is not to be belittled, and she is wearing-- Miss The Sex Symbol, the glamor object, the glory-- she is wearing the uniform of the Free French Army.
And she didn't have to come.
You know, just the fact that she flew across the Atlantic not for her career, but to link generations of Black achievement, of Black entertainment, and of Black struggle, was absolutely thrilling.
(birds chirping) (Josephine) Until the March on Washington, every time I went to the States my stomach was in knots.
For the first time, I returned to France with a sense of freedom.
My struggle had been right.
I went to Washington to pass on the torch to those who wanted to listen, so that they could have the same chances I had, without having to run away.
Now that my message had been heard, I could leave in peace.
(wistful music) ♪ (narrator) Fate had played a funny game on Josephine.
♪ She had taken the role of the first Black star in history, but her battle against racism had been a lonely one.
(applauding) ♪ Now, in her twilight years, her fight for justice resonated with a world finally ready for change.
(applauding) Her journey now belongs to history, and even made her laugh.
(uplifting music) ♪ (applauding) ♪ (Josephine) ♪ I'm blue, just as blue as could be ♪ ♪ Every day is a cloudy day for me ♪ ♪ Then good luck came knocking at my door ♪ ♪ Skies were gray, but they're not gray anymore ♪ ♪ Blue skies, smiling at me ♪ ♪ Nothing but blue skies I see ♪
- Arts and Music
The Best of the Joy of Painting with Bob Ross
A pop icon, Bob Ross offers soothing words of wisdom as he paints captivating landscapes.
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Josephine Baker: The Story of an Awakening is presented by your local public television station.
Distributed nationally by American Public Television