>>> HELLO, EVERYONE AND WELCOME TO AMANPOUR & CO.

HERE IS WHAT IS COMING UP.

>> YOU HAVE NO DOUBT AFTER THE THE WAR UKRAINE WILL BECOME A MEMBER OF NATO?

>> I HAVE NO DOUBT.

>> BETTER TOGETHER.

I ASKED THE UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT CHIEF DIPLOMATIC ADVISER ABOUT EDGING TOWARDS NATO MEMBERSHIP AND WHETHER CONTROVERSIAL CLUSTER BOMBS THAT JUST ARRIVED FROM THE U.S. WILL BE A GAME CHANGER ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

>>> KEEPING IT IN THE FAMILY.

HOW THE NORTH KOREANS SUPREME LEADER'S SISTER CAME THE MASTERMIND BEHIND THE CAMERA DYNASTY.

>>> WHEN A SERIAL KILLER STOCKED QUEER NEW YORK.

WE TALK ABOUT THIS NEW SERIES AND THEN -- >> WE HAVE TO REDUCE OUR EMISSIONS AS RAPIDLY AND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

>> THE CHAIR OF THE GOVERNMENT CLIMATE CHANGE TALKS ABOUT THE IMMINENT CONSEQUENCES OF OUR WARMING PLANET.

>> AMANPOUR & CO. IS MADE POSSIBLE BY CANDACE KING WEIR.

THE FAMILY FOUNDATION OF LEILA AND MICKEY STRAUS FAMILY CHARITABLE TRUST.

TRAN21.

MARK J. BLECHNE.

CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR THREE.

TRAN24.

KOO AND PATRICIA YUEN.

COMMITTED TO BRIDGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN OUR COMMUNITIES.

BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG.

WE TRY TO LIVE IN THE MOMENT.

TO NOT MISS WHAT IS RIGHT IN FRONT OF US.

AT MUTUAL OF AMERICA WE BELIEVE TAKING CARE OF TOMORROW CAN HELP YOU MAKE THE MOST OF TODAY.

MUTUAL OF AMERICA FINANCIAL GROUP.

RETIREMENT SERVICES AND INVESTMENTS.

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THESE FUNDERS.

AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.

THANK YOU.

>>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM EVERYBODY.

I AM IN FOR CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR.

WE BEGIN IN UKRAINE WHERE THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THE ENDS ALWAYS JUSTIFY THE MEANS.

CONTROVERSIAL CLUSTER BOMBS HAVE JUST ARRIVED FROM THE U.S. UKRAINE'S MILITARY COMMANDER SAY THEY WILL GIVE THEM THE ADVANTAGE OVER RUSSIAN INVADERS BUT CRITICS SAY THESE WEAPONS HAVE ALSO KILLED COUNTLESS CIVILIANS IN THE PAST.

NOW ON THE DIPLOMATIC FRONT U.S. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE LLOYD AUSTIN HAS TOLD CNN HE HAS NO DOUBT UKRAINE WILL BECOME A PART OF THE ALLIANCE BUT ONLY AFTER THE WAR.

>> FROM A MILITARY STANDPOINT HOW CLOSE IS UKRAINE TO MEETING NATO STANDARDS?

>> THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS THAT HAVE TO BE DONE.

A BIG PART OF THE INVENTORY IS LEGACY EQUIPMENT AND SO IN TERMS OF TRAINING AND EQUIPPING THERE IS WORK TO BE DONE BUT WE ARE DOING THAT WORK AS WE ARE HELPING THEM AS THEY FIGHT THIS WAR AND SO THINGS HAVE BEEN DONE UP TO THIS POINT AND THERE'S MORE THAT WILL NEED TO BE DONE TO ENSURE THAT THEY HAVE A FULL COMPLEMENT OF CAPABILITIES.

>> Reporter: YOU HAVE NO DOUBT THAT AFTER THE WAR UKRAINE WILL BECOME A MEMBER OF NATO?

>> I HAVE NO DOUBT THAT WILL HAPPEN.

>> MEANTIME RUSSIAN RHETORIC HITTING ALARMING LEVELS TODAY WITH FOREIGN MINISTER TAYLOR OFF CALLING IT A GREAT NUCLEAR THREAT IF UKRAINE GETS THOSE FIGHTER JETS.

SOME WESTERN ALLIES HAVE AGREED TO START TRAINING THEIR PILOTS TO FLY.

THE UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT CHIEF DIPLOMATIC ADVISER IS JOINING US FROM THE CAPITAL OF KYIV.

WELCOME BACK TO THE SHOW.

LET'S START WITH THE TAKE AWAY FROM THIS NATO SUMMIT.

NATO PROMISED MORE SECURITY PLEDGES INCLUDING FROM THE G7 AS WELL TRAINING F-16S.

THAT HAVING BEEN SAID UKRAINE DID NOT WALK AWAY WITH A SPECIFIC INVITATION TO JOIN NATO OR A TIMELINE OF WHEN THAT WOULD HAPPEN.

ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE OUTCOME OF THE SUMMIT?

>> SIGNIFICANT STEPS AND RELATIONS WERE MADE.

FIRST OF ALL, WAR INVITATION WAS IN THE TEXT OF THE COMMUNITY AND WE RECEIVED THE UNDERSTANDING FROM MISSIONARY ALLIANCE THAT THE GRAIN SHOULD BELONG TO NATO.

WE ARE ON THE RIGHT WAY.

WE INCREASED OUR OPERATION [ INDISCERNIBLE ] DO BELIEVE UKRAINE WILL BECOME A MEMBER OF NATO.

WE WILL RENDER AND SUPPORT UKRAINE ON THIS WAY.

WE WILL STAY WITH UKRAINE AS LONG AS IT TAKES AND YES, WE WILL PROCEED FURTHER AND BE PREPARING PRACTICALLY FROM TODAY FOR THE NEXT SUMMIT TO BE WASHINGTON IN ORDER TO RECEIVE THE POSITIVE DECISIONS.

>> WE DID SEE UPON THE COMMUNIQUE BEING RELEASED AND WITHOUT A TIMELINE FOR INVITATION A SHARP REBUKE FROM PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY CALLING IT ABSURD AND WE ALSO HEARD SOME CRITICISM.

SOME LIGHT CRITICISM FROM UKRAINE'S CLOSEST ALLIES.

THE UK DEFENSE SECRETARY SAID THAT THE WEST IS NOT A QUOTE AMAZON AND WE HEARD NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER JAKE SULLIVAN GET INTO A HEATED EXCHANGE WITH THE UKRAINIAN ACTIVIST WHEN HE ENDED UP SAYING LISTEN, UKRAINE NEEDS TO BE A BIT MORE GRATEFUL TO ITS ALLIES AFTER THIS ACTIVIST SUGGESTED THAT RUSSIA IS GETTING AWAY WITH A LOT OF THIS WAR BECAUSE UNITED STATES IS NOT DOING ALL THAT IT CAN.

THIS SAME ACTIVIST TWEETED TODAY IN RESPONSE TO THAT EXCHANGE THAT SHE WILL HAVE TO TELL HER TWO CHILDREN WHICH SHE BROUGHT UP IN THIS EXCHANGE TO BE "STRATEGICALLY PAGING.

THERE WE SEE THE TWEET FROM DARIO.

I KNOW THAT PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY WRAPPED UP THIS SUMMIT WITH ALLIES ALL ON THE SAME PAGE AGAIN AND HE EXPRESSED HIS GRATITUDE BUT DID THESE PAST FEW DAYS EXPOSE SOME CRACKS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO COUNTRIES PUBLICLY?

>> NO.

NOT IN A SINGLE CASE OF ANY BILATERAL RELATIONS WHERE WE HAVE A PROBLEM.

MY PRESIDENT EXCEPT FROM HAVING THE OLD LEADERS SPEAK AT THE UKRAINE NATO COUNSEL, BEFORE THE COUNCIL HAD A SEPARATE BILATERAL MEETING WITH UK PRIME MINISTER RICHEY SUMAC.

AND IN THIS MEETING NOT ONLY DID WE DISCUSSED THE RESULTS OF THE NATO SUMMIT AND HOW TO PROCEED WE TALKED ABOUT THE CONDITIONS.

FIRST THEY ARE FOR SECURITY.

SADLY UKRAINE HAS TO WIN THE WAR IN ORDER TO BECOME A FULL- FLEDGED MEMBER.

ON THESE BILATERAL MEETINGS APART FROM THIS IMPORTANT ISSUE WE DWELL UPON OTHER IMPORTANT ISSUES LIKE FURTHER MILITARY SUPPORT FOR MY COUNTRY.

COMPLETE MILITARY PACKAGES IN SOME OF THE COUNTRIES.

AND SOME UNANNOUNCED ADDITIONAL PACKAGES.

CERTAINLY EACH AND EVERY LEADER WHO TALKED WITH MY PRESIDENT SAID THEY WILL STAND NEXT TO UKRAINE.

YOU HEARD PRESIDENT BIDEN SAY AT THE NATO PRESS CONFERENCE THAT WE ARE STUCK WITH YOU SO THIS IS A VERY POSITIVE.

YOU'RE GOING TO GET AHEAD SHOULDER TO SHOULDER.

AFTER THE WAR I COMPLETELY AGREE WITH THE SECRETARY.

WE MIGHT MOVE TO NATO BUT WE HAVE TO BE PREPARED AND BY PREPARED WE NEED TO FIRST RECEIVE THE INVITATION.

>> AND THEY NOTED THAT THAT MEMBERSHIP WOULD BE EXPEDITED AND THE WAR ENDS.

WE TALKED ABOUT THE TRAINING NOW OF UKRAINIAN PILOT ON F-16S.

ANY SPECIFIC IN TERMS OF WINDOWS INTO WHEN THEY WILL ARRIVE IN UKRAINE?

>> IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO START THIS TRAINING SOON.

SOME ALLIES AND BEFORE FLYING THE PLANE TO BE TAUGHT HOW TO FLY AND WE CAN CALCULATE.

THIS SCHEDULE WHICH NEEDS TO TRAIN OUR PILOTS WILL TAKE SEVERAL MONTHS BUT WE WILL NOT WASTE ANY OF THIS TIME.

WHILE OUR PILOTS HAVE THESE TRAININGS THEY WILL BE DONE MUCH QUICKER.

WE WILL NOT LOSE ANY SINGLE MINUTE OR HOUR TO TALK TO OUR PARTNERS OR RECEIVE THE MACHINES.

IN ORDER TO HAVE THE MACHINES READY TO BE DELIVERED IMMEDIATELY AS THE FIRST GROUP OF PILOTS WILL BE READY TO OPERATE THEM.

>> AS REPORTED THOSE CONTROVERSIAL CLUSTER AMMUNITIONS WITH PRESIDENT BIDEN RELET DELETE AGREED TO PROVIDE HAVE ARRIVED AND THE UKRAINIAN GENERAL TOLD CNN THAT THEY CAN RADICALLY CHANGE THE BATTLEFIELD.

I KNOW THAT THERE IS A CONCERN ABOUT THE STOCK OF AMMUNITION BUT TALK ABOUT SPECIFICALLY HOW THIS CLUSTER AMMUNITION AND THE CLUSTER BOMBS CAN AID ON THE BATTLEFIELD >> LOOK.

FIRST OF ALL LET'S REMIND OURSELVES THAT THIS AMMUNITION IS USED BY RUSSIA IMMEDIATELY FROM THE FIRST DAY OF THE OPEN AGGRESSION SO YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT --.

I HAVEN'T HEARD ANY PROTEST FROM ANY COUNTRIES WHICH NOW HAVE CONCERNS.

YES, WE NEED THE AMMUNITION.

YOU KNOW THIS.

WE NEED THE AMMUNITION AND WE NEED THE EMIGRATION YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT.

WE NEED THIS AMMUNITION TO PROCEED WITH OUR COUNTER EFFECTIVE.

WE WILL NOT USE THEM IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS USE THEM AGAINST CIVILIANS LIKE RUSSIANS ARE DOING FRIENDS AND THEY ARE DOING THIS FROM TIME TO TIME EVERY TIME.

>> AND WESTERN ALLIES AND JOURNALIST HAVE BEEN QUICK TO CONDEMN RUSSIA'S USE OF THE CLUSTER AMMUNITIONS AND MANY OF THEM TARGETED AT CIVILIAN POPULATIONS, NO DOUBT.

>> THAT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH RUSSIA BUT UKRAINE WILL BE USING THEM TARGETED LEE.

TAYLOR MADE AGAINST THE MANPOWER.

AGAINST THE MILITARY COMMAND CENTER.

LOOK YOUR LIBERATING OUR TERRITORY AND WE ARE HEARING FROM THE PRESS THAT YOU MENTIONED.

THIS IS THE TACTICS.

LET THEM EXPLAIN HOW THEY USE IT.

WE NEED THEM TO LIBERATE OUR AREA DURING WE WILL BE USING THEM WITH UTMOST CAREFULNESS AND ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF WAR.

>> JUST MOMENTS AGO RUSSIA'S PRESIDENT PUTIN SAID PUBLIC STATEMENTS INCLUDING NEW WEAPON SUPPLIES WILL FURTHER ESCALATE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE AND WORSEN THE SITUATION AND IN FACT IN HIS VIEW WON'T CHANGE ANYTHING AND HE SAID THEY ARE A PARENT -- READY TO ATTACK.

HE ALSO WENT ON TO THREATEN TO WITHDRAW FROM THE TURKEY BROKERED GREEN DEAL THAT HAS BEEN UP FOR RENEWAL.

HOW SERIOUSLY DO YOU TAKE THESE THREATS FROM VLADIMIR PUTIN ESPECIALLY GIVEN THE PRESSURE HE IS UNDER FOLLOWING THE RECENT FAILED MUTINY?

>> THAT IS THE RHETORIC HE HAS TO USE FOR HIS POPULATION.

IT HAS BEEN DISASTROUS FOR HIM.

HE'S LOSING ON THE BATTLEFIELD AND HE ASKED HER IN COUNTER OFFENSES.

NOW WE ARE HAVING ANOTHER ROUND OF COUNTER OFFENSE IS.

HE LOST AND HE SHOWED HIMSELF VERY WEAK AND HIS SYSTEM SHOWED IT SELF AS WEEK AND I AM PREPARED DURING THIS YEVGENY PRIGOZHIN IMMUNITY AND WE UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION IS NOT OVER, HE LOST WHEN WE RECEIVED YESTERDAY THE DECISION ON THIS SECURITY GUARANTEE FROM THE G7 COUNTRIES.

HE LOST BECAUSE HE DID MANAGE TO GET THE CRACK INSIDE NATO AS WELL AS YOU.

YES, LOSING EVERYWHERE HAS TO EXPLAIN SOMETHING TO THESE PEOPLE.

WE WILL BE PROCEEDING WITH THE COUNTER OFFENSIVE AND WE WILL BE STRENGTHENING THE UNITY WITH OUR ALLIES.

>> YOU HAVE TALKED ABOUT THE UNITY AND SUPPORT ON THE ALLIES.

THAT HAVING BEEN SAID AS YOU KNOW A LARGE PART OF THE WORLD THE GLOBAL SOUTH AS WELL AS THE MIDDLE EAST AND OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE LARGELY SAT THIS WAR OUT.

HAS EITHER BEEN NEUTRAL OR VERY HESITANT TO WEIGH IN AND EVEN CRITICIZED THE WAR.

YOU AS A DIPLOMATIC ADVISER ARE NOW ASSIGNED TO THE JOB OF REACHING OUT TO THESE COUNTRIES.

WHY DO YOU THINK OVER ONE YEAR INTO THIS WAR SO MANY STILL REMAIN ON THE FENCE?

>> I WILL GIVE YOU A SIMPLE EXAMPLE.

YOU MENTIONED THE YEVGENY PRIGOZHIN MUTINY WAS ON THE 24th OF JUNE.

AT THIS VERY DAY IN COPENHAGEN AND DENMARK THERE WAS A MEETING OF NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISERS OF UKRAINE G7 COUNTRIES AND SOME GLOBAL COUNTRIES YOU MENTIONED.

WE ARE GETTING TOGETHER IN COPENHAGEN.

[ INDISCERNIBLE ] WE ARE THINKING OF HOW TO BRING PEACE TO THIS COUNTRY.

HOW TO UNITE EVERYONE.

HOW TO TAKE THE GLOBAL PEACE FORMULA'S.

FOR THOSE GLOBAL COUNTRIES TO BE PRESIDENT --PRESENT AND IMPLEMENTING THIS FORMULA.

THIS I THINK IS THE BEST ANSWER TO ANY SPECULATIONS THAT THE GLOBAL SOUTH HAS WITH RUSSIA.

THERE IS NO TIME FOR NEUTRALITY NOW THERE IS NO TIME FOR ANY MEDIATORS.

TO BRING PEACE TO THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT AND WE WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TOGETHER.

>> ALL RIGHT, IGOR ZHOVKHA, WE APPRECIATE YOUR TIME.

THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>>> NORTH KOREA LOOKING FOR ATTENTION THE ONLY WAY HE KNOWS HOW WITH A BALLISTIC MISSILE LAUNCH THAT LANDED JUST SHORT OF JAPANESE WATERS.

HIGHLY PRODUCED MISSILE MUSCLE FLEXING WAS IN RETALIATION FOR WHAT IT CLAIMS WERE U.S. SPY PLANES OVER ITS TERRITORY.

THE U.S. SAYS IT MILITARY PATROLS ARE IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW.

MEANWHILE THE SISTER OF THE BOMBASTIC DICTATOR IS EMERGING AS A KEY PLAYER IN THE KIM DYNASTY.

WE LOOK AT HOW SHE BECAME THE OUTSPOKEN MASTERMIND IN THE FAMILY BRAND.

>> Reporter: A MENACING MILESTONE FOR THE PROGRAM.

LATEST LAUNCH BREAKING ITS OWN RECORD FOR THE LONGEST EVER MISSILE FLIGHT.

HURTLING HIGH ABOVE THE EARTH AT SUPERSONIC SPEED HITTING 6000 KILOMETERS BEFORE SPLASHING DOWN IN THE SEA.

THE MISSILES FOR THE MAINLAND AND MOST OF THE WORLD.

PYONGYANG'S MOST PROVOCATIVE LAUNCH IN MONTHS.

THIS WAS QUICKLY CONDEMNED BY JAPAN AS AN UNACCEPTABLE THREAT TO REGIONAL STABILITY.

SOUTH KOREA'S MILITARY RHETORIC -- READY TO OVERWHELMINGLY'S RESPOND.

THE ICBM PROTECTING THE FUTURE OF THE RULING FAMILY.

HIS YOUNG DAUGHTER OFTEN APPEARS ALONGSIDE HER DAD.

BARELY 10 YEARS OLD THE RISING STAR OF A STATE PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN CAREFULLY CRAFTED BY KIM'S YOUNGER SISTER, THE MASTERMIND OF THE KIM FAMILY BRAND.

THE LEADER'S LOYAL CONFIDANT, TRUSTED ADVISER AND PERHAPS THE MOST POWERFUL WOMAN IN NORTH >> SHE IS THE NUMBER TWO.

THAT IS FOR SURE.

SHE IS A VERY SMART LADY AND SHE ACTUALLY KNOWS THAT HER POSITION IS SECURE ONLY WHEN HER MOTHER IS SECURE.

>> JUST FIVE YEARS AGO VERY FEW PEOPLE KNEW OF KIM YO JONG.

HE STEPPED ON THE SOIL AS THE FIRST MEMBER OF THE RULING FAMILY TO CROSS THE DMV.

SHE ROSE TO FAME AS A FIXTURE AT HER BROTHER'S SIDE STANDING SILENTLY BEHIND KIM AS HE MET WITH ARMOR PRESIDENT TRUMP.

THAT BRIEF PERIOD OF DIPLOMACY FEELS LIKE A DISTANT MEMORY.

THE SILENT SISTER IS NOW A LOUD VOICE OF DEFIANCE ISSUING FIERY STATEMENTS ON STATE MEDIA OFTEN LACED WITH CRUDE LANGUAGE.

THIS WEEK SHE THREATENED TO SHOOT DOWN U.S. SPY PLANES ACCUSING THEM WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF ENTERING NORTH KOREAN TERRITORY.

WARNING IN CASE OF REPEATED INTRUSIONS THE U.S.

FORCES WILL EXPERIENCE A CRITICAL FIGHT.

PAST ACTIONS PROVES SHE'S NOT ALL TALK.

A DISPUTE WITH SOUTH KOREA ENDED WITH A BANG.

KIM ORDERED A -- TURNING DIPLOMATIC DREAMS INTO A PILE OF RUBBLE.

SHE ORDERED THE DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING PARTIALLY BECAUSE SHE WAS ANGRY THAT SOUTH KOREA WAS NOT DOING ENOUGH TO STOP ACTIVISTS FROM SENDING PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS IN BALLOONS TO THE NORTH.

SHE IS ACCUSING THE U.S. OF HAVING THOSE HOSTILE AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR.

CALLING THE SOUTH KOREAN PRESIDENT A FOOL.

THOSE TWO COUNTRIES NOW STRENGTHENING THEIR MILITARY ALLIANCE WHICH MEANS THERE COULD BE EVEN STRONGER RESPONSES FROM NORTH KOREA AND THE SECOND MOST POWERFUL PERSON, KIM YO JONG.

>> THANK YOU FOR THAT POWERFUL REPORTING AND INTERESTING AS WELL.

>>> THE UNITED STATES IN THE RISE AND THE AIDS CRISIS WAS CIRCULATING.

AT THE SAME TIME A SERIAL KILLER WAS PRAYING ON NEW YORK'S GAY MEN.

THIS DOCUMENTARY UNEARTHED THE SHOCKING BIAS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND SPOTLIGHTS HOW THE LGBTQ COMMUNITY FOUGHT APATHY AND ANIMOSITY IN SEARCH OF JUSTICE.

>> IT IS IN ALL OF US.

THAT FEAR OF BEING HURT.

BECAUSE WE ARE QUEER.

>> FABULOUS!

>> I REMEMBER THE FIRST GAY BAR I WALKED INTO.

>> QUEER BARS WERE ONE OF THE FIRST PLACES WHERE WE COULD FEEL SAFE.

>> AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN EVERYTHING WAS TAKEN AWAY.

>> DISMEMBERED HUMAN REMAINS WERE FOUND IN PLASTIC BAGS ALONG ROADWAYS IN NEW YORK CITY.

>> Reporter: DIRECTOR ANTHONY CORONA AND HIS PRODUCER ENJOYING THE SHOW.

WELCOME.

I WAS RIVETED BY THIS SERIES.

I WATCHED ALL FOUR EPISODES IN ONE SITTING AND I COULDN'T STOP THINKING ABOUT IT.

LET ME START WITH YOU, HOWARD, WHAT DROVE YOU TO THIS STORY?

>> YES, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

I FIRST HEARD ABOUT THIS STORY WHEN OUR PRODUCING PARTNERS AT STORY SYNDICATE SET ME A COPY OF THE BOOK AND PREPUBLICATION FORM AND I THOUGHT THERE WAS A REAL OPPORTUNITY HERE TO TELL A STORY ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE ACTIVISM THAT COMMUNITY ACTIVISTS ENGAGE IN TO COMBAT VIOLENCE AND ALSO TO TELL THE STORIES OF THE VIC COMES IN A WAY THAT HAD NOT BEEN DONE AT THE TIME OF THESE KILLINGS.

>> AND ANTHONY, THE STORY A MALE SERIAL KILLER WHO WAS PRAYING ON MEN -- GAY MAN IN THE 1990S.

HIS NAME WAS RICHARD ROGERS.

TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT HIM.

>> IN ALL HONESTY TELLING THE STORY WAS FOR ME NOT ABOUT THE PERPETRATOR.

I PURPOSEFULLY DID NOT REALLY DIVE RICHARD WAS TOO MUCH.

IT DOES COME UP IN THE FINAL EPISODE OF THE SHOW AND WE DO GET INTO IT A LITTLE BIT BUT IT WAS MORE ABOUT THE LIVES AND THE FIGHT THAT QUEER HAD TO GET INVESTIGATORS TO CARE ABOUT KILLINGS.

IT WAS LESS ABOUT THE PERPETRATOR AND MORE ABOUT THE LIVES OF THE VIC COMES IN THE QUEER COMMUNITY.

>> THERE WAS ONE LIFETIME ASSOCIATE OF HIS AND OTHERWISE YOU SPEND YOUR FOCUS ON THE COMMUNITY AS A HOLE AND OBVIOUSLY THE VIC COMES.

NOT YOUR TYPICAL WAY OF STRUCTURING A SERIAL KILLER SERIES.

THAT SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN DELIBERATE ON YOUR PART.

>> YES.

IT WAS INCREDIBLY DELIBERATE.

I ACTUALLY GOT THE PRE- PUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT OF THE BOOK AND I READ IT AND I PASSED ON THE PROJECT AT FIRST WHEN IT WAS FROM A DIFFERENT COMPANY THAN ABOUT ONE YEAR LATER HOWARD MENTIONED HE WOULD POSSIBLY BE WORKING ON SOMETHING CALLED THE LAST CALL AND HE SAW IT AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO POSSIBLY TALK ABOUT ACTIVISM AND THE ANTI-TRAN52 VIOLENCE MOVEMENT AND WHEN I LOOKED AT IT THROUGH THOSE LENSES WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE TO CRIME AS THIS TROJAN HORSE TO TALK ABOUT A MUCH BIGGER EPIDEMIC.

>> AND HOWARD IN TERMS OF SERIAL KILLERS, A LOT OF THEM HAVE MONIKERS AND NAMES AND THIS ONE IS THE LAST CALL KILLER.

IN THE SERIES YOU EXPLAIN WHERE THAT NAME CAME FROM AND IT WASN'T RECEIVED ALWAYS SO WELL ESPECIALLY AT THE TIME.

CAN YOU TELL US THE ORIGINS OF THE NAME?

>> THE ORIGIN CAME UP IN A MIKE MAKARALLY COLUMN AND THE ACTIVIST TOOK OFFENSE.

THEY WERE FEELING LIKE AT THE TIME AND A LOT OF THE COVERAGE INCLUDING THAT COLUMN SEEMED TO PLACE BLAME ON THE VIC COMES RATHER THAN ON THE PERPETRATOR AND ON THE NEED TO FIND JUSTICE.

>> AND THE THING ABOUT GAY BASHING, IT RUNS THROUGHOUT THIS SERIES.

YOU DO A GOOD JOB OF EXPLAINING EXACTLY WHAT THE ENVIRONMENT WAS LIKE AND WHAT WERE QUOTE UNQUOTE SAFE HAVENS FOR THE COMMUNITY AND THIS WAS COMING AT A TIME WHEN THERE WAS GAY IN CONCERN WITH THE HIV AND AIDS EPIDEMIC.

WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO LAY OUT THAT LANDSCAPE OF WHEN THESE MURDERS TOOK PLACE?

>> I THINK IT WAS IMPORTANT TO LAYOUT THE EARLY 90s AND QUEER HISTORY BUT IT WAS MORE IMPORTANT TO SHOW HOW IMPORTANT QUEER SAFE SPACES ARE SO THE AUDIENCE UNDERSTANDS THE THREAT TO THEM AND WHAT THIS SERIAL KILLER WAS TAKING AWAY FROM QUEER AT THAT TIME ESPECIALLY DURING A TIME WHEN AIDS WAS OBVIOUSLY A HUGE ISSUE.

THIS SERIAL KILLER WAS REALLY DESTROYING ONE OF THE FEW PLACES WHERE QUEER PEOPLE COULD GO AND FIND SAFETY AND COMMUNITY AND FIND INTIMACY.

>> AND EVERYONE KNOWS NEW YORK IS ALMOST TWO CITIES WHETHER UPTOWN OR DOWNTOWN AND THAT WAS THE CASE IF NOT MORE SO IN THE '90S AND YOU FOCUS SPECIFICALLY ON WHERE THE SERIAL KILLER PRAYED AND I WAS ON TWO VERY DIFFERENT BARS.

ONE WAS MORE DISTINGUISHED AND LOW-KEY CALL THE TOWNHOUSE ON THE UPPER EAST SIDE THAT ATTRACTED MORE PROSPEROUS AND OLDER CLIENTELE AND THE OTHER WAS FIVE OAKS IN THE WEST VILLAGE.

TALK ABOUT THESE TWO SAFE SPACES FOR THE COMMUNITY AT THE TIME.

>> SURE, THE TOWNHOUSE IS STILL AROUND.

A WONDERFUL PLACE ON THE UPPER EAST SIDE.

AND THE TWO VICTIMS THAT WERE PICKS UP THERE WERE CLOSETED TO A CERTAIN DEGREE AND THEY WEREN'T AS CONNECTED TO THE LARGER QUEER COMMUNITY IN NEW YORK WHICH MADE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHO THEY WERE AT THE TIME AND WHAT THEIR CONNECTIONS MAY HAVE BEEN A LITTLE MORE CHALLENGING.

THE FIVE OAKS IS SADLY NO LONGER AROUND.

IT WAS A PIANO BAR.

>> I'VE BEEN THERE.

THE WHOLE NEIGHBORHOOD I KNOW VERY WELL.

>> THE FIVE OAKS WAS A POPULAR PIANO BAR DOWN THE STREET FROM MARIE'S AND THE VICTIM WHO WAS PICKED UP THERE WAS REALLY POPULAR.

EVERYONE SAID IF THE FIVE OAKS WAS LIKE CHEERS HE WAS LIKE THE NORMAN.

HE WAS LIKE THE SOCIAL DIRECTOR OF THE BAR AND FINALLY REMEMBERED THROUGH HIS FORMER PARTNER AND THROUGH ONE OF THE BARTENDERS WHO HAD BEEN WITH HIM THE LAST NIGHT HE WAS SEEN AT THE BAR.

AND BECAUSE OF MICHAEL'S INVISIBILITY GENERALLY AND ON THE NIGHT OF AS PEOPLE WILL SEE IN THE THIRD EPISODE THAT IS OPEN WIDELY.

>> BECAUSE UP UNTIL THEN IT WAS VERY DIFFICULT TO GET ANY EYEWITNESSES TO ANY OF THESE MURDERS AND WHO COULD POSSIBLY HAVE SEEN THE SUSPECT AND THE KILLER AND THAT LED MOST PEOPLE TO US THAT HE WAS VERY UNASSUMING AND I WANT TO PLAY A CLIP FOR OUR VIEWERS FROM THIS SERIES IN WHICH SOME CLIENTELE FINALLY CAME FORWARD THAT FOUGHT THEY HAD SEEN HIM AND THIS IS IN RELATIONS TO ONE OF THE VIC COMES.

LET'S LISTEN TO ONE OF THESE EYEWITNESSES.

>> I DID LOOK BACK AND I DID SEE ONE GENTLEMAN STANDING AT THE PIANO.

I HAD NOT SEEN HIM BEFORE.

BROWN HAIR WEARING A POLO SHIRT, KIND OF NONDESCRIPT.

TWO OR THREE DAYS LATER I GET A KNOCK ON MY APARTMENT DOOR AT ABOUT 6:00 IN THE MORNING AND IS DETECTIVES FROM THE 17th PRECINCT INFORMING ME THAT TOM'S BODY PARTS HAVE BEEN FOUND SCATTERED THROUGHOUT NEW JERSEY.

>> GET INTO THE ROLE OF THE POLICE.

NAMELY THE NYPD.

FIRST, THIS NONDESCRIPT DEPICTION OF THE SERIAL KILLER OR THE SUSPECT MADE IT VERY DIFFICULT FOR POLICE AT THE TIME.

SPECIFICALLY BECAUSE WE DIDN'T HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY THAT THEY NOW ARE PRIVY TO WITH FORENSICS AND CAMERAS.

YEAH.

I DON'T WANT TO GIVE TOO MUCH AWAY BUT THERE ARE MANY TIMES WITHIN THIS STORY OVER THE COURSE OF FOUR EPISODES WHERE EVEN WHEN I WAS INVESTIGATING IT WHERE YOU GOT -- THEY GOT SO CLOSE OR THEY THOUGHT THEY WERE GETTING CLOSE AND THEY JUST NEVER QUITE GOT THERE AND HUGE GAPS OF TIME SORT OF PASS BY MORE LEADS OR GETTING ANYMORE ON THIS PERSON.

SO YEAH.

HE'S LIVED UNDER THE RADAR FOR A VERY, VERY, VERY LONG TIME.

>> AS I MENTIONED THE POLICE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE COMMUNITY EITHER CONSISTED OF APATHY OR VITRIOL.

THAT ALSO YOU FOCUS ON AND PROBABLY ONE OF THE FACTORS IN WHY THESE CASES WENT ON SOLVED FOR SO MANY YEARS.

YOU TALK ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LGBTQ COMMUNITY AND THE POLICE OFFICERS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AT THAT TIME?

>> IT WAS A VERY FRAUGHT DYNAMIC GOING BACK TO STONEWALL AND EVEN BEFORE THAT.

AT ONE POINT WE HAVE SOMEONE IN 1978 WHO MENTIONED THAT GAY MEN CANNOT SERVE IN THE NYPD THAT SAME GENERATION OF POLICE OFFICER WAS STILL ON THE FORCE AT THE TIME OF THE KILLINGS AND SO IT WAS A VERY TENSE DYNAMIC WHERE MEMBERS OF THE QUEER COMMUNITY DID NOT FEEL THEY COULD RELY ON NYPD TO GET HELP AND JUSTICE AND OFTEN TIMES THEY WERE AFRAID TO GO TO THE POLICE FOR FEAR OF BEING RE- VICTIMIZED OR BLINKED.

ONE CASE THAT DIDN'T MAKE IT INTO THE SHOW BUT SOMEONE RECOUNTED TO US WAS A LOVER OF THEIRS WAS ABUSING THEM AND THEY REPORTED A CASE OF DOMESTIC ABUSE AND THE COPS SAID IT WAS JUST A LOVER'S QUARREL.

>> THERE WERE MISSED OPPORTUNITIES TO APPREHEND THE PERPETRATOR AS WELL AS YOU KNOW IN THE SERIES THERE WAS A BRAVE SURVIVOR WHO WENT TO POLICE AND AUTHORITIES SORT OF TREATED HIM WITH DISRESPECT AN ALMOST YOU GOT WHAT YOU ASKED FOR RESULT FROM HIS TESTIMONY AND THE PERPETRATOR WAS SET FREE AND YOU ALSO ON EARTH THAT THERE WAS A LONGER HISTORY WITH THE LAW AND THIS SUSPECTS GOING BACK TO THE 70s IN COLLEGE WHEN HIS ROOMMATE HAD BEEN MURDERED AND I HAD NEVER EVEN HEARD OF THIS DEFENSE BUT A GAY DEFENSE ACQUITTED HIM AS WELL.

>> YES.

THROUGHOUT THE SERIES THERE ARE SO MANY IN THIS IS OF HOMOPHOBIA ALLOWING THIS KILLER TO CONTINUE KILLING AND TO ELUDE POLICE.

IT SORT OF ALL COMING BACK TO HOW BLATANT HOMOPHOBIA IS OR HUGE AWARENESS GAPS EXISTING.

WITH POLICE KNOWING ABOUT THE QUEER COMMUNITY.

THERE IS LARGE AWARENESS GAPS JUST SOLVING A CRIME BUT THEY ACTUALLY HAVE TO KNOW THE COMMUNITY IN ORDER TO DO THE WORK.

>> THE TAKE AWAY IS THAT LIVES COULD'VE BEEN SAVED HAD SOME OF THOSE BIASES NOT BEEN THERE AND YOU TIE IT SO BEAUTIFULLY AND SADLY AT THE SAME TIME, HOWARD, WITH CURRENT EVENTS AND YOU TALK ABOUT THE NUMBERS WHICH ARE JUST STARTLING RIGHT NOW.

A REPORT FROM THE ANTI- DEFAMATION LEAGUE AND GLAD REPORTS MORE THAN 350 INCIDENTS OF ANTI-LGBTQ VIOLENCE THIS SUMMER.

THEY HAVE A GAY PANIC DEFENSE STILL LEGAL IN MANY STATES.

HOW IS THAT POSSIBLE?

>> ONE MORE THING WE WANT THIS STORY FROM THE '90S TO DO IS TO HELP US LOOK AT NOW.

THE NEW YORK CITY ANTI-VIOLENCE PROJECT ANNOUNCED A NEW LGBTQ SAFE PLACE ASSESSMENT AND WE ARE LIVING IN A TIME.

WE'RE ACCORDING TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN AS OF MAY, THE END OF MAY, OVER 520 ANTI-LGBTQ BILLS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED IN THE STATE LEGISLATURES AND I THINK ABOUT 70 OF THEM HAVE BEEN PASSED.

>> WELL THANK YOU BOTH FOR SHINING A LIGHT ON SUCH AN IMPORTANT STORY THAT SADLY CONTINUES TO PLAY OUT TODAY IN SOCIETY AND ALSO I HAVE TO SAY YOU DO SUCH BEAUTIFUL WORK IN BRINGING CLOSURE AND RESPECT TO THESE VICTIMS LIVES AFTER ALL OF THESE YEARS AND IT TO THEIR FAMILIES AS WELL WHICH IS PROBABLY WHY THEY AGREED TO SIT DOWN WITH YOU.

THANK YOU SO MUCH.

I REALLY HOPE EVERYONE GETS A CHANCE TO WATCH THIS THRILLER.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THE DOCUMENTARY SERIES LAST CALL CONTINUES THIS SUNDAY ON HBO AND MAX.

>>> TURNING OUT TO THE HEAT WAVE SCORCHING EUROPE.

CROATIANS ARE REVERTING TO OLD TRADITIONS LIKE SMEARING MUD ON THEMSELVES AS PROTECTION FROM THE SON.

THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY SAYS WE COULD SEE HOTTEST TEMPERATURES EVER RECORDED ON THE CONTINENT.

HEAT IS THE SILENT KILLER.

A STARTLING NEW REPORT FOUND NEARLY 62,000 EUROPEANS DIED IN LAST YEAR'S HEAT WAVE AND FEAR IS GROWING THAT THIS YEAR COULD BE WORSE.

DR. LEE CHAIRS THE ICC, THE ONE BODY TASKED WITH ADVANCING CLIMATE KNOWLEDGE.

HE SAT DOWN WITH HARI SREENIVASAN AND THIS CONVERSATION IS PART OF THE MEDIA INITIATIVE, PERIL AND PROMISE ON THE CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE.

>> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT THE IPCC AND THE REPORTS YOU GENERATE WHICH ARE MORE STERN RECENTLY.

WHAT WAS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THIS REPORT IN 2023?

>> GLOBAL WARMING IS OCCURRING EVERYWHERE IN THE GLOBE.

ALL SECTORS ARE BEING AFFECTED BY THESE RISING TEMPERATURES AND WE EXPECT THAT TO BE A MINIMAL INCREASE AND UP TO THIS POINT IT'S COMPARED TO PREINDUSTRIAL LEVELS.

TEMPERATURE IS HIGHER BY 1.1 DEGREES.

NOW THIS MUCH OF INCREASE CREATED A TREMENDOUS IMPACT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

FOR INSTANCE, PAKISTAN HAD ONE THIRD OF ITS COUNTRY AFFECTED.

IT IS THE HUMAN COST IMPACT AND THIS REPORT STRENGTHENS THE ATTRIBUTION OF THESE IMPACTS TO THE HUMAN INFLUENCE.

>> HELP PEOPLE AT HOME UNDERSTAND WHY I -- WHY ONE .5 DEGREES CELSIUS IS IMPORTANT?

MOST PEOPLE WHEN IT COMES TO TEMPERATURE AT LEAST IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR CONTROL THEY THINK OF THE THERMOSTAT?

WHAT DOES ONE .5 OR TWO DEGREES CELSIUS MEAN TO THE PLANET?

>> WELL, LET ME TELL YOU THIS.

WE WERE FAMILIAR A LONG TIME AGO.

>> WE HAD ICE AGE WHEN IT WAS MANY DEGREES LOWER.

>> SO ONE .1 DEGREE INCREASE FROM PREINDUSTRIAL IS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE AND FIRST OF ALL THIS ONE .1 DEGREE INCREASE OCCURRED IN THE LAST 150 YEAR.

AND THE TEMPERATURE CHANGED A LOT BUT EXPERIENCING 1.1 DEGREE AND 150 AT A TIME.

IS SOMETHING ELSE.

IT IS THE RACE BETWEEN HOW FAST THE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASES AND HOW FAST THE HUMANS CAN ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

HOW FAST SYSTEMS CAN ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

I BELIEVE THE NATURE LOSES IN THIS RACE.

ALSO HUMANS ARE VERY MUCH UP TO THE LIMITS TO ADAPTATION.

>> I HEARD FROM SCIENTISTS AT WHAT WE ARE SEEING TODAY THERE IS THE RESULT OF WHAT WE PUT INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 30 YEARS AGO.

EVEN IF EVERYONE STOPPED DRIVING CARS AND WE ZEROED OUT CARBON EMISSIONS THAT IT WOULD STILL GET WORSE.

DO YOU THINK IT'S REALISTIC THAT EVEN IF WE WENT IN THE SAME DIRECTION MAGICALLY AT THIS MOMENT THAT WE CAN STOP OURSELVES FROM CROSSING THAT ONE .5 DEGREE THRESHOLD, MUCH LESS THE 2.

>> WE WILL PROBABLY SEE THE GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF 1.5 DEGREES EMERGING IN ABOUT SCENARIOS.

CARBON EMISSIONS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE CENTURY.

THERE CAN BE A POSSIBILITY TO HAVE A TEMPERATURE FIRST GOING BEYOND 1.5 AND THEN TURNING BACK TO 1.5 AT THE END OF THE CENTURY.

THEN THAT IS THE SCENARIO OF THE LOWEST OMISSIONS AND THEN SCENARIOS WHICH ASSUMES A MUCH HIGHER SPOT IS PROJECTED TO HAVE ABOUT 2.7 AND 4.4 DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE INCREASE BY 2100.

IT DEPENDS UPON THE SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WHICH IS LINKED TO THE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS.

>> SO IF WE ARE FACING A WORLD NOW WHERE ONE .1 DEGREES INCREASE IS GIVING US THESE WILDFIRES AND THESE HURRICANES, THESE JUST CONDITIONS THAT ARE HARDER TO LIVE WITH, WHAT DOES THE WORLD LOOK LIKE AT ONE .5 OR AT 2 IF THIS IS OUR TRAJECTORY?

>> THOSE IMPACTS WILL BE MULTIPLE TIMES WORSE.

FREQUENCY WILL BE MUCH HIGHER AND THE INTENSITY OF THE IMPACTS WILL BE MUCH HIGHER.

SO THE IMPACTS ON THE ECOSYSTEMS IMPACTS OUR LIVES.

WE WOULD BE MUCH WORSE THAN WHAT WE SEE TODAY.

AND THAT IS THE KEY MESSAGES OF OUR SCIENTIFIC PART OF OUR THEREFORE WE HAVE TO REDUCE OUR OMISSIONS AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE AND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE SO THAT THE GLOBAL OMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE WILL HAVE TO PEEK AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE BUT NOT LATER THAN 2025.

AND RIGHT NOW THE OMISSIONS ARE GOING VERY FAST.

>> ACCORDING TO THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS WE HAVE LOST 2 MILLION PEOPLE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS WHETHER IT'S INTENSE FLOODING.

WHETHER IT'S MASSIVE WILDFIRES.

WHETHER IT'S TYPHOONS AND TORNADOES AND HURRICANES AND IT COST US SOMEWHERE AROUND $4.3 TRILLION.

MY QUESTION IS THAT IF WE HAVE THAT KIND OF INFORMATION, IF WE ARE NOT CONCERNED WITH OR THE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT TO OUR GLOBAL ECONOMY, WHAT WILL MAKE US LISTEN?

>> THE IMPACTS OF RISING TEMPERATURE AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HAVE A DIFFERENT PICTURE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BURSTING VERSUS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD.

MUCH IMPACTS CAN BE SHOWN IN TERMS OF LOSS IN THE VALUE OF ASSETS.

FINANCIAL LOSS.

HUMAN LOSS AS WELL BUT THE MAJORITY OF LOSS HAPPENING IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IS AT HUMAN COST.

HUMAN MORTALITY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD.

IT'S ABOUT 15 TIMES HIGHER THAN THE REGIONS WITH LESS VULNERABLE >> PEOPLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN ASIA OR AFRICA THEY ARE SUFFERING THE COST OF CLIMATE CHANGE 15 TIMES MORE THAN THE DEVELOPED WORLD?

>> IN TERMS OF HUMAN MORTALITY.

AS ONE COUNTRY OR ONE GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS UNILATERALLY CARBON EMISSIONS CHANGING WOULD NOT DO ANYTHING AT ALL.

>> WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED NATIONS EVEN THE MONEY THAT IS COMING FROM THE GLOBAL NORTH TO THE GLOBAL SOUTH HAS BEEN ESTIMATED TO BE FIVE TWO TIMES -- FIVE TO 10 TIMES LESS THAN NEEDED.

SO WHEN YOU ARE IN THIS CONVERSATION WITH COUNTRIES AND DYING AT GREATER RATES.

MY ECONOMY IS CRUSHED MUCH MORE DISPARATE OR FAMILY THEN YOURS IS POINTING TO SOMEONE ACROSS THE TABLE WHO IS A DEVELOPED NATION AND MORE INSULATED FROM SOME OF THE IMPACTS.

HOW DO YOU BRIDGE THAT GAP BECAUSE IT'S A LEGITIMATE QUESTION.

WHY ARE WE PAYING SO MUCH FOR A PROBLEM THAT WE DID NOT HELP CREATE?

>> THERE WAS A CLIMATE CONVENTION AS WELL AS A CLIMATE TREATY AND THEY HAVE ALREADY RECOGNIZED THE DIFFERENCES IN THE IMPACTS AND IN FACT THE PARTIES AT THE CLIMATE CONVECTION AND PARIS REALLY INDICATED THAT THEY WILL PROVIDE FINANCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR THEIR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION EFFORTS.

SPECIFICALLY THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES PROMISE TO DELIVER A 100 ALIEN DOLLARS PER YEAR FOR THIS PERFECT -- PURPOSE.

HOWEVER AS OF THIS MOMENT WE STILL NEED TO SEE.

THAT PROMISED TO BE DELIVERED.

>> SO HOW DO WE ENFORCE THAT?

WE NEED PEOPLE TO SIGN A CHECK AND WHEN IT'S TIME TO CASH IT THE MONEY IS NOT BARE?

>> THERE IS NO WAY TO ENFORCE SUCH AN AGREEMENT.

IT'S A VOLUNTARY THING AND THEREFORE THE WORLD WILL HAVE TO RECOGNIZE THAT AND AS LONG AS THERE IS A DELAY THAT'S CONTINUING THEN THERE IS PEOPLE SUFFERING DISPROPORTIONATELY FROM THE IMPACT AND THOSE PEOPLE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE ONCE TO HAVE CREATED THE CLIMATE CHANGE WE SEE NOW SO THERE IS A TREMENDOUS INEQUITY INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS AND THE WORLD UNDERSTAND THAT.

I BELIEVE THE LEADERS IN THE DEVELOPING AND UNDEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO NARROW THE GAP.

>> WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS PEOPLE HAVE WITH THIS REPORT?

I SEE AN OPPORTUNITY IS THERE TO LOBBY ON WHAT THE FINAL LANGUAGE SHOULD BE AND I WONDER NOW THAT YOU'VE SEEN THIS PROCESS UP CLOSE.

IS THERE SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO CHANGE ABOUT HOW THAT'S DONE THAT SOMETIMES PEOPLE FEEL LIKE SOME OF THESE PARAGRAPHS OR SENTENCES HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY COUNTRIES WHO HAVE A VESTED INTEREST IN CONTINUING FOSSIL FUELS BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE THEY MAKE MONEY.

>> I DO NOT SPECULATE ON THE INTENTIONS OF OUR MEMBER GOVERNMENTS BUT IT IS CORRECT THAT THE SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS IS A NEGOTIATED DOCUMENT.

AMONGST THE GOVERNMENT AS WELL AS BETWEEN AUTHORS AND GOVERNMENT BUT THE IMPORTANT POINT IS THE SCIENCE ASPECT OF SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS IS INSURED BY THE AUTHORS OF THE REPORT.

>> SO THE SCIENCE IS NOT TAMPERED WITH?

>> NO.

>> POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ARE NEGOTIABLE?

>> HOW THE LANGUAGE WILL BE REFLECT DID, EVERY LINE IS SCRUTINIZED BY A MEMBER OF GOVERNMENTS EVERY WORD HAS TO BE THERE BY CONSENSUS.

AND IN THAT PROCESS THE AUTHORS PROVIDE A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE BECAUSE THEY ARE THE GUARANTOR OF THIS SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY.

>> SO SCIENCE WILL NOT BE COMPROMISED.

>> IS THERE A BLUEPRINT THAT WE CAN DEVISE FOR HOW A COUNTRY SHOULD GO FORWARD IN THE FUTURE?

IS THERE A WAY THAT WE CAN SAY TWO COUNTRIES, YOU ARE NOT DOING ENOUGH?

THERE ARE CONSEQUENCES TO THIS.

YOU AGREED AND WE SEE BY YOUR ACTIONS AND DECISIONS WHETHER IT'S BECAUSE YOU HAD A NEW REGIME OR FOR WHATEVER REASON SO HOW DO YOU HAVE THAT CRITICAL AND IMPORTANT CONVERSATION THAT FRIENDS SHOULD BE ABLE TO TELL FRIENDS AND SAY COME ON, STEP UP?

>> THIS MANDATE DOES NOT INCLUDE A POLICY PRESCRIPTIVE STATEMENT.

>> SHOULD IT?

>> I THINK THAT EVERY COUNTRY DIFFERENT CONSTRAINTS TO WORK WITH AND ALSO DIFFERENT PRIORITIES.

>> WERE ALL GOING TO BREATHE THE SAME AIR.

>> IS TRUE BUT AT THE SAME TIME EVERY COUNTRY NEEDS TO DEVELOP ECONOMICALLY.

>> YOUR PHD IS IN ECONOMICS.

HOW DO YOU FIGURE OUT A WAY THAT THESE LESS-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE GOING TO SUFFER LESS AND HAVE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY?

BECAUSE THEIR INCENTIVE IS TO PULL HIMSELF OUT OF POVERTY AND TO HAVE BASIC NEEDS COVERED.

THEIR PRIORITY IS NOT CARBON EMISSIONS THERE LIKE WE CAN GET TO CARBON EMISSIONS BUT I WANT TO MAKE SURE MY PEOPLE ARE FED FIRST.

>> THERE ARE 18 COUNTRIES WHO ARE ABLE TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS AND AT THE SAME TIME INCREASE THEIR GROWTH.

AND OBVIOUSLY THOSE COUNTRIES ARE IN THE DEVELOPED REGION.

AND THE LESSON OF THIS DATA INFORMATION IS THAT THAT PERFORMANCE CAN BE DUPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IF THE COUNTRIES IN THE RICH PART OF THE WORLD PROVIDE FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND TECHNOLOGICAL OVER SPORT TO THE DECK DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO MAKE THEM ACHIEVE ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH LESS CARBON FOOTPRINT.

THEREFORE THE WAY HOW THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WILL ACHIEVE THEIR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WILL CRITICALLY DETERMINE WHAT LEVEL OF TEMPERATURE OF THE WORLD WILL HAVE AND THERE THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE A KEY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.

LET THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WHILE REDUCING THEIR CARBON EMISSIONS.

IT CAN BE DOABLE.

>> YOU ARE GOING TO BE HANDING OVER THE REINS WHEN THE NEXT LEADER IS ELECTED.

YOU'VE GOT KIDS AND A GRANDCHILD.

I WONDER HOW YOU HAVE A CONVERSATION WHEN YOUR GRANDCHILD IS OLD ENOUGH AND THEY ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THEY WILL LEARN ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AND WHAT'S ALREADY HAPPENING AND AT SOME POINT CHILDREN HAVE A TENDENCY TO LOOK AT HER PARENTS AND SAY WHY DIDN'T YOU DO MORE?

>> LIFE CONSISTS OF MANY PRIORITIES AND LIFE ALSO CONSISTS OF A BUNDLE OF PRICES.

NOT ONLY CLIMATE CRISIS BUT ENERGY CRISIS AND FOOD CRISIS.

PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS.

YOU HAVE TO ALLOCATE YOUR RESOURCES ACCORDING TO THE SCALE OF THE RISKS YOU FACE AND EVERY INDIVIDUAL MAKES THAT DECISION DECISION AND SITS CLIMATE CHANGE IS A PUBLIC PROBLEM IT IS THE GOVERNMENT ROLE THAT MUST BE EMPHASIZED.

ONLY THE GOVERNMENT CAN REDUCE THE OUTCOME THAT CAN FIX THE SYSTEM THAT WAS CREATED.

>> LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS.

>> WE THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>>> FINALLY IT'S HARD TO KEEP YOUR EYES DRY FOR THIS ONE.

THIS IS WHEN NFL PLAYER SUFFERED CARDIAC ARREST AND COLLAPSE ON THE FIELD IN JANUARY AND SO MANY HAD FEARED THE WORST.

THROUGH A MEDICAL TRIUMPH THE BUFFALO BILLS SAFETY EVADED DEATH BUT WAS CLEARED TO PLAY FOOT TALL AGAIN JUST FOUR MONTHS LATER.

ON WEDNESDAY AT THE ESPY AWARDS AND EMOTIONAL HAMLIN GOT TO PUBLICLY THANK THOSE WHO SAVED HIS LIFE.

WATCH.

>> PLEASE WELCOME THIS YEAR'S RECIPIENTS OF THE AWARD FOR SERVICE.

THE TRAINING STAFF OF THE >> A TOUCHING MOMENT OF HUMANITY THAT WILL FOREVER BE A PART OF FOOTBALL HISTORY.

WOW.

AND THAT IS IT FOR OUR PROGRAM.

IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO FIND OUT WHAT'S COMING ON THE SHOW SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING AMANPOUR & CO. ON PBS.

JOIN US AGAIN TOMORROW NIGHT.