.

>>> COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON THE STATE LEGISLATURE WORKS ON SENDING AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION MEASURE TO THE BALLOT.

ALSO TONIGHT, A NEW REPORT FOCUSES ON THE COST OF HOMELESSNESS IN ARIZONA.

WHAT'S CAUSING OCEAN TEMPERATURES TO RISE AT AN ALARMING RATE.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

>>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON I'M TED SIMONS.

THE STATE SENATE COMMITTEE TODAY CONSIDERED SENDING TO THE BALLOT A MEASURE THAT WOULD MAKE IT A STATE CRIME TO ILLEGALLY CROSS THE BORDER FROM MEXICO INTO ARIZONA.

THE BILL WOULD ALSO ALLOW STATE AND LOCAL POLICE TO ENFORCE FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAW AND THE BILL WOULD TIGHTEN ELIGIBILITY FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS.

IF ALL THIS SOUNDS FAMILIAR, IT SHOULD, A SIMILAR BILL WAS VETO THED BY GOVERNOR HOBBS IN MARCH WHICH IS WHY REPUBLICANS IN THE SENATE TODAY CONSIDERED TAKING THE ISSUE DIRECTLY TO VOTERS.

THE MEASURE IS EXPECTED TO PASS NEXT WEEK.

WE'LL HAVE MORE ON ALL THIS IN JUST A MOMENT.

>>> OTHER HEADLINES A NEW STUDY SHOWS AN EXPANSION OF ARIZONA SCHOOL VOUCHER PROGRAM HAS RESULTED IN A DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGHER NUMBER OF VOUCHERS GIVEN TO FAMILIES LIVING IN VERY WEALTHY AREAS.

THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTE REPORT THAT HIGHLY DISPROPORTIONATE PARTICIPATION NUMBERS COME FROM ZIP CODES WITH THE LOWEST POVERTY RATES AND THE HIGHEST RATES OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT THE STATE'S VOUCHER PROGRAM WAS EXPANDED TWO YEARS AGO TO ALLOW FAMILIES TO USE STATE MONEY FOR PRIVATE TUITION AND SUPPLIES.

>>> ASTRA ZENECA IS PULLING ITS COVID VACCINE THE REASON LOW DEMAND.

THE VACCINE HASN'T GENERATED ANY REVENUE FOR THE LAST YEAR.

ASTRAZENECA HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MAIN COVID VACCINES WORLDWIDE BUT HEALTH EXPERTS SAY THAT OTHER VACCINES HAVE PROVEN MORE EFFECTIVE AND MORE EASILY ADAPTABLE TO THE LATEST COVID VARIANTS.

>>> AND THE WORLD'S LARGEST VACUUM DESIGNED TO SUCK CLIMATE POLLUTION OUT OF THE AIR IT JUST OPENED IN ICELAND.

IT'S CALLED MA'AMING ON IT'S A DIRECT AIR CAPTURE THAT RUNS OFF CLEAN GEO THERMAL ENERGIES.

THE FACILITY IS ABLE TO PULL 36,000 TONS OF CARBON AT FULL CAPACITY IT'S EQUIVALENT TO TAKING NEARLY IT A,000 GAS CARS OFF THE ROAD FOR NEARLY A YEAR.

IT WILL BE TRANSFORMED NATURALLY INTO STONE.

AS WE MENTIONED THE STATE LEGISLATURE IS WORKING TOWARDS SENDING AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION MEASURE TO THE BALLOT.

THE PROPOSAL CALLED THE SECURE THE BORDER ACT WOULD MAKE IT A STATE CRIME TO CROSS THE BORDER ILLEGALLY EMPOWERING STATE AND LOCAL POLICE TO ENFORCE FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAW.

FOR MORE ON THIS WE JIM SCHLOSSNAGLE SMALL OF THE -- WE WELL JIM SMALL.

WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

>> BAILEY WHAT IT MEANS IS THERE'S AN EXISTING BILL THEY WILL ERASE EVERYTHING THAT'S IN THE BILL AND REPLACE IT WITH BRAND NEW LEGISLATION.

THIS IS THE PRODUCT OF NEGOTIATION BETWEEN HOUSE REPUBLICANS AND SENATE REPUBLICANS, PARTICULARLY THEIR LEADERS.

THERE HAD BEEN I THINK BROADCAST CONSENSUS THAT THEY NEEDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION AND TRYING TO PUT SOMETHING FORWARD.

SOME BILLS EARLIER HAD GOTTEN VETOED BY THE GOVERNOR I THINK AS YOU MENTIONED EARLIER.

AND THERE HAD BEEN SOME DISAGREEMENT ABOUT MAYBE THE BEST PATH FORWARD AFTER THAT VETO HAD HAPPENED.

THE RESULT IS THIS BILL THAT THE SENATE IS TAKING UP RIGHT NOW.

>> THIS AGAIN WOULD BYPASS THE GOVERNOR'S VETO BECAUSE YOU GO TO THE BALLOT SHE DOESN'T HAVE ANY SAY IN THAT.

IS IT MUCH DIFFERENT THAN THE BILL THAT -- IT SOUNDS LIKE IT'S AWFULLY SIMILAR, ARE THERE SOME DIFFERENCES?

>> IT IS VERY SIMILAR.

IT INCLUDES PRETTY MUCH THE BILL THAT WAS VETOED EARLIER THIS YEAR AND THAT LEGISLATION WAS COPIED OFF OF TEXAS' WHAT'S CALLED SB4 WHICH TEXAS PASSED LATE LAST YEAR WHEN KIND OF WENT INTEREST EFFECT IN THE SPRINGTIME.

THIS ALSO INCLUDES A COUPLE OF OTHER COMPONENTS.

SOME ADDED ON STUFF PARTICULARLY AIMED AT BENEFITS WHO CAN ACCESS BENEFITS PUBLIC BENEFITS AND YOU KNOW, IT'S OBVIOUSLY AGAIN IT'S GOING DIRECTLY TO THE BALLOT INSTEAD OF THE GOVERNOR'S DESK.

THE GOVERNOR HAS ALREADY SAID SHE WOULD SHE HAS REJECTED IT ONCE SHE WOULD REJECT IT AGAIN.

DOES NOT THINK THIS IS A SOLUTION THAT WILL ACTUALLY WORK TO DO WHAT REPUBLICANS SAY THEY WANT TO DO.

>> I WANT TO GET TO THE GOVERNOR'S RESPONSE AND DEMOCRATIC RESPONSE IN A SECOND HERE.

AS FAR AS WHAT THIS CALLS AGAIN LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT CAN ARREST AND SEEK DEPORTATION, HUH?

>> YEAH, AND IT WOULD CREATE A STATE YOU KNOW, THE STATE WOULD BE ABLE TO DEPORT PEOPLE WHICH IS AN AMENDMENT WHICH IS ONLY HANDLED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ENFORCE IMMIGRATION LAW.

THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM AND IMMIGRATION COURT SYSTEM THAT DOES ALL OF THIS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HANDLES ALL OF THE DEPORTATIONS.

THIS WOULD ESSENTIALLY LET THE STATE THE IDEA IS TO LET THE STATE DO IT WITH THE IDEA BEING THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ISN'T DOING ENOUGH, ISN'T DOING IT FAST ENOUGH AND SO THE STATES NEED TO STEP UP AND DO THIS.

>> AS YOU MENTION IT WAS MODELED AFTER THE TEXAS LAW THAT'S A BIG REASON THE TEXAS LAW IS IN THE FIFTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS RIGHT NOW.

WHAT YOU ARE CALLING FOR STATE ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAWS.

THIS, I'M TRYING TO FIGURE THIS OUT.

THIS CAN'T TAKE EFFECT UNLESS THAT TEXAS LAW IS CLEARED, CORRECT?

>> CORRECT.

RIGHT NOW THAT TEXAS LAW IS ON HOLD.

IN APPEALS APART OF THE APPEAL HAD MADE IT UP TO THE SUPREME COURT GOTTEN KICKED BACK DOWN.

THE LAW HAD GONE INTO EFFECT BRIEFLY THEN JUST JUMPED INTO NO, WE WILL ISSUE A STAY UNTIL THIS THING GETS RESOLVED.

UNTIL THE LEGAL BATTLE IS OVER.

BUT THIS IS SOMETHING RIGHT NOW IF YOU LOOK AT THE SUPREME COURT RULINGS IN THE PAST THAT RIGHT NOW THIS WOULD BE SOMETHING THAT I THINK IS PRETTY BLATANTLY UNCONSTITUTIONAL, RIGHT.

BUT THE IDEA IS TO CHALLENGE THE SUPREME COURT'S RULING ON ARIZONA'S SENATE BILL 1070 FROM MORE THAN A DECADE AGO TO ESSENTIALLY GET THE SUPREME COURT TO RECONSIDER THAT.

I THINK PROPONENTS OF IT REPUBLICANS LOOK AT IT AND SAY LOOK THE SUPREME COURT IS 6-3 CONSERVATIVES, THEY HAVE OVERTURNED PRECEDENT VERY RECENTLY ROE V. WADE A MAJOR ONE BUT THERE HAS BEEN A NUMBER OF OTHER PRECEDENTS THAT THEY ARE WILLING TO OVERTURN.

THIS IS BEST SHOT THEY HAVE TO ESSENTIALLY GET THE COURT TO RETHINK ITS LOGIC.

>> INDEED AS B1070 IS BIG HERE BECAUSE THAT WAS THE MODEL FOR THE TEXAS LAW.

NOW YOU GOT IT IN COURT.

IF TEXAS LOSSES -- LOSES TEXAS WITH GO TO THE SUPREME COURT WE CAN SEE MUCH WHAT WAS BLOCKED BY THE COURT REVIVED.

THAT'S A BIG DEAL AROUND HERE?

>> IT IS.

THAT IS A POSSIBILITY.

IF THEY'RE ABLE TO CONVINCE THE SUPREME COURT TO OVERTURN THAT PRECEDENT AND TO ISSUE NEW RULES AND YOU KNOW, A NEW VIEW AS TO WHAT'S LEGAL AND WHAT'S NOT FOR STATES TO DO WHEN IT COMES TO ENFORCING IMMIGRATION LAW IN PARTICULARLY FEDERAL LAW THEN YEAH, ABSOLUTELY IT COULD BE A GAME CHANGER.

>> AND AS YOU MENTION THE GOVERNOR WON'T CHANGE ANYTHING IF SHE HAD A CHANCE TO VETO SHE WOULD.

WHAT WERE SOME OF THE OTHER RESPONSES BY DEMOCRATS.

>> DEMOCRATS ARE REALLY LOOKING AT THIS SAYING THIS IS MORE XENO PHOBIA FROM REPUBLICANS, AIM AT TRYING TO BOOST TURNOUT IN THE 2024 ELECTION TO FOCUS ON THE BALLOT.

REPUBLICANS YOU KNOW, I HAVE HEARD SOME DEMOCRATS COMPLAINED THAT REPUBLICANS ARE LOOKING FOR SOMETHING TO COUNTER WHAT IS EXPECTED TO BE A SURGE IN DEMOCRATIC SUPPORT BECAUSE OF THE ABORTION CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, THE INITIATIVE THERE.

YOU KNOW, AND GENERALLY I THINK THAT THERE'S A LOT OF LOOKING BACK AND SAYING WE HAVE ALREADY BEEN THROUGH THIS IN 2010, AFTER SENATE BILL 1070 WE SAW WHAT WAS THE FALLOUT WAS.

LOTS OF COMPANIES THAT SAID WE WON'T DO BUSINESS HERE.

WE WILL LEAVE NOT BRING OUR HUGE CONVENTIONS HERE, OBVIOUSLY, ARIZONA ECONOMY PARTICULARLY IN THE WINTERTIME REALLY DEPENDS, YOU KNOW, AND IS BUILT IN A LOT OF WAYS ON PEOPLE COMING HERE AND ON TOURISM.

SO, THERE WERE LOTS OF STUDIES DONE THAT SHOWED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF POTENTIAL REVENUE THAT WERE TAKEN AWAY OR THAT LEFT, SKIPPED THE STATE.

THERE'S SOME CALLS THAT YOU KNOW THIS IS GOING TO DO THE SAME THING ALL OVER AGAIN.

>> YEAH, MORE RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT MAYBE IT WASN'T AS BIG AN IMPACT AS SOME FOLKS HAD ORIGINALLY THOUGHT.

SO YOU HAVE COMPETING STUDIES THERE SHOWING COMPETING THINGS.

BUT I ALSO NOTICE THAT THE BILL IS THIS CIRCUMVENTING THE ATTORNEY GENERAL?

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, OBVIOUSLY IS GOING TO DEFEND WHAT SHE WANTS TO DEFEND AND LEAVE ALONE SHE WILL PROBABLY LEAVE SOMETHING LIKE THIS ALONE IN TERMS OF THE FENCE.

IN THE BILL WHAT LAWMAKERS CAN DEFEND THEMSELVES, HOW DOES THAT WORK?

>> YEAH, AND WE HAVE SEEN THIS IN THE PAST.

WHERE THINGS HAVE BEEN YOU KNOW, WRITTEN TO ALLOW OR THE LEGISLATURE'S RULE ALLOW THE LEADER, THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE TO INTERVENE IN LITIGATION.

CERTAINLY THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF CASES RECENTLY WHERE THE REPUBLICAN LEGISLATIVE LEADERS HAVE INTERVENED TO DEFEND A LAW THAT DEMOCRATS, LIKE CHRIS DOESN'T WANT TO DEFEND.

THIS ONE HAS THE PECULIAR LANGUAGE IN IT THAT WOULD ALLOW MINORITY LEADERS TO DO THE SAME THING.

IT'S HARD NOT TO READ THAT AS A HEDGE A REPUBLICAN HEDGE AGAINST THE FACT THAT THEY -- THERE IS A GROWING POSSIBILITY THEY MIGHT LOSE CONTROL OF THE STATE LEGISLATURE FOR FIRST TIME IN DECADES.

>> YEAH, BE HARD TO READ ANYTHING ELSE INTO THAT BECAUSE THAT'S SO UNUSUAL.

TO THAT POINT, YOU REFERRED TO THIS EARLIER WE ARE KIND OF RUNNING OUT OF TIME, BUT, DOES THIS MOVE AND WHAT'S HAPPENING IN TEXAS AND A POSSIBLE SUPREME COURT DECISION, EVERYTHING, DOES THIS MOVE IMMIGRATION BACK AHEAD OF ABORTION OR, I MEAN, I ASK POLITICAL CONSULTANTS ALL THE TIME THEY CAN'T FIGURE.

IT'S EITHER IMMIGRATION OR ABORTION COME NOVEMBER.

THIS PROBABLY SHOVES IMMIGRATION A LITTLE AHEAD DOESN'T IT?

>> IT DEFINITELY PUTS IT BACK IN KIND OF THE MORE CONVERSATION OF WHAT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING, RIGHT.

THIS IS YOU KNOW SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE SEEN REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES YOU KNOW, AS CAMPAIGNS HAVE STARTED TO GET-GOING IMMIGRATION HAS BEEN A RECURRING THEME.

THE ECONOMY HAS BEEN A RECURRING THEME ON THE DEMOCRATIC SIDE I THINK REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS ARE A RECURRING THEME, EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE THINGS LIKE THAT.

RIGHT NOW BOTH PARTIES ARE KIND OF SPEAKING TO THEIR PRIMARY VOTERS.

AND YOU KNOW, I THINK WE'RE GOING TO SEE SOME OF THOSE CONVERSATIONS SHIFT ONCE WE GET PAST THAT JULY 30th PRIMARY.

AND EVERYONE STARTS TO LOOK TO THE GENERAL.

I DON'T THINK THERE'S ANY DOUBT THOUGH THAT GIVEN WHERE THINGS ARE AT RIGHT NOW WHERE VOTERS ARE AT RIGHT NOW THE IMGRAYING IS GOING TO CONTINUE TO TO BE A -- IMMIGRATION IS GOING TO BE A FORCE IN THE ELECTION.

>> THIS WILL LIKELY PASS NEXT WEDNESDAY NEXT TIME THEY MEET?

>> THAT'S THE EXPECTATION.

IT WILL PASS WITH REPUBLICAN SUPPORT AND DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION.

>>> A YOUNG WOMAN IS KILLED IN BIZARRE FASHION.

>> IT'S A TAROT CARD.

THEY DELVE INTO THE OCCULT.

IT'S A CASE OF SYMBOLS, WANDS AND WITCHES.

ON "MID-SUMMER MURDERS."

>>> A RECENTLY REPORT ON THE COST OF HOMELESSNESS IN ARIZONA SHOW DESPITE MORE THAN $1 BILLION BEING SPENT TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS CONTINUES TO INCREASE.

JOINING US NOW IS KATIE RATLIFF, KATIE THANK YOU FOR JOINING US GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME.

>> WHAT EXACTLY DID THIS REPORT LOOK AT?

>> SO ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE NOTICED IN THE ISSUE OF HOMELESSNESS IS THAT THERE'S REALLY NOT A LOT OF DATA OR INFORMATION THAT IS AVAILABLE TO POLICYMAKERS.

IT'S HARD TO GAIN ACCURATE COUNT OF EVEN HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS.

THE NUMBER THAT THEY USE IS CALLED THE POINT AND TIME COUNT.

IT'S CONDUCTED ONCE A YEAR IN DECEMBER AND BASICALLY JUST A BUNCH OF VOLUNTEERS GO OUT AND TRY AND FIND AS MANY PEOPLE AS THEY CAN EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS AND THAT'S THE COUNT THAT'S USED.

ALMOST EVERYONE AGREES THAT IT'S INACCURATE.

IT'S NOT HELPFUL BUT IT'S THE ONLY NUMBER THAT WE HAVE.

SO WE THOUGHT YOU KNOW HOW CAN WE FIND OTHER DATA POINTS AGGREGATE DATA, COMPILE DIFFERENT DATA THAT IS AVAILABLE TO MEANINGFULLY INFLUENCE THE CONVERSATION.

SO HOW MUCH MONEY, FOR EXAMPLE, ARE WE SPENDING RIGHT NOW EVERY YEAR SO WE WENT THROUGH CERTAINLY THE STATE BUDGET, CITY BUDGETS, ALL 15 COUNTIES, AND WHEN WE LOOKED AT NONPROFIT TAX FILINGS TO SEE HOW MUCH THEY SELF-REPORT AS SPENDING ON HOMELESSNESS.

WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT THE STATE IS CURRENTLY SPENDING AS YOU MENTIONED, OVER A BILLION DOLLARS EVERY YEAR TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE AND THE NUMBERS ARE NOT GETTING ANY BETTER.

>> THIS WORKS OUT TO LIKE $44,000 PER HOMELESS PERSON IS THAT SOMEWHERE ALONG THE LINE?

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

DEPENDING ON THE POPULATION CAUGHT YOU WANT TO -- COUNT THAT YOU WANT TO USE.

THAT'S KIND OF OUR LOW END COUNT.

WE CREATED A METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE A HIGH END POSSIBILITY AND THEN DETERMINED A RANGE FROM THERE.

>> BE THAT AS IT MAY IT SOUNDS LIKE LIKE THE R.O.I.

IS NOT ALL THAT FANTASTIC BECAUSE THE NUMBER OF HOMELESS FOLKS.

THE REPORT SUGGESTS THAT THE MOUNTAIN BEING SPENT IS BEING SPENT IN THE WRONG DIRECTION, IS THERE TOO MUCH?

THE SUGGESTION ISN'T SPEND LESS, IS IT?

>> CERTAINLY NOT.

WHAT WE WOULD ENCOURAGE POLICY MAKERS TO UNDERSTAND WHERE ARE WE GETTING THE BIG R.O.I., WHERE ARE WE MAKING A DIFFERENCE?

>> ONE OF THE DATA POINTS THAT STOOD OUT TO US THE NUMBER OF SHELTER BEDS HAS DECREASED IN THE STATE OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS.

THAT'S WHY THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT YOU SEE WHO ARE UNSHELTERED LIVING ON THE STREETS HAS INCREASED.

THERE AREN'T THE NUMBER OF BEDS THAT THERE USED TO BE.

>> AND AGAIN, AS FAR AS THE NONPROFIT WORKFORCE YOU LOOKED AT THAT REALLY CLOSELY HERE.

167 SOME ODD AGENCIES AND THE WORKFORCE 51,000 FOLKS -- ARE THERE TOO MANY PEOPLE NOT DOING THE RIGHT THINGS?

I THINK EVERYONE WANTS TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE EVERYONE WANTS TO DRY THE THING.

WHAT WE FIND IS -- WANTS TO TO DO THE RIGHT THING.

THE INCENTIVES SEEM TO BE SCREWED UP.

MOST OF THE MONEY IN THIS SPACE COMES FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REQUIRES THE POLICY CALLED HOUSING FIRST.

YOU HAVE TO GET PEOPLE HOUSED BEFORE YOU GET THEM ACCESS TO SERVICES.

IT DOESN'T SEEM LIKE THAT'S WORKING.

>> I WAS GOING TO ASK ABOUT THAT.

TREATING HOMELESSNESS AS A HOUSING PROBLEM IS NOT WORKING YOU SAY?

>> WELL, THE ONE THING THAT WE LOOK AT WITH THAT RESPECT IS AS YOU MENTIONED THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT WE'RE SPENDING PER INDIVIDUAL WOULD BE ENOUGH TO HOUSE EVERY PERSON EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS IN AN APARTMENT THAT IS THE MEDIAN COST OF RENT IN PHOENIX.

SO IF THAT WERE THE SOLUTION WE WOULD HAVE PUT OUR HEADS TOGETHER AND BEEN ABLE TO ADDRESS THAT ALREADY WITH THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE.

>> AND PERMANENT SUPPORT OF HOUSING THAT IS UP BUT SO IS THE UNSHELTERED POPULATION.

IT SEEMS LIKE THERE ARE DIFFERENT DIAGRAMS GOING AND NO ONE IS INTERSECTING HERE.

WHAT DO WE READ INTO ALL OF THIS?

>> SO WHAT WE HAVE FOUND IS THAT THE NUMBER OF PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING UNITS AS YOU MENTION HAS INCREASED BUT THE NUMBER OF SHELTER BEDS DECREASED AS A RESULT.

AND SO, WE ARE ATTEMPTING TO ADDRESS AN ISSUE USING THIS POLICY AS I SAID HOUSING FIRST THAT SEEMED TO WORK FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS.

BUT SOMETHING CHANGED AROUND 2018, THE DATA TRAJECTORY WENT THE OTHER WAY.

WE HAVE CONTINUED TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF SHELTER BEDS BUT IT WASN'T WORKING ANYMORE.

THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS STARTED TO INDISPLEES SO WHAT HAPPENED IN 2018, YOU ARE SAYING FEDERAL FUNDING GOT IN THE WAY, WHAT DO YOU SEE?

>> SOMETHING I THINK HAPPENED CULTURALLY IN 2018.

WE CAN'T SAY FOR SURE EXACTLY.

BUT CERTAINLY THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM CHANGED.

ONE THING THAT'S INTERESTING TO US IS WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN 2018 WAS THE OPIOID CRISIS WAS REALLY STARTING TO HEAT UP.

BOTH IN ARIZONA AND AROUND THE COUNTRY.

AND SO WE CAN'T HELP BUT THINK THAT THINGS MIGHT BE RELATED.

>> INTERESTING.

SO WE TAKE FROM THE STUDY THAT A WHOLE LOT OF MONEY IS BEING SPENT AND WHOLE LOT OF RETURN IS NOT BEING SEEN.

WHAT MORE DO WE TAKE?

WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

IF I'M A PUBLIC OFFICIAL OR A DECISION MAKER, CIVIC LEADER WHAT ARE YOU TELLING ME?

>> SO THE TWO THINGS WE WOULD ENCOURAGE POLICYMAKERS TO LOOK AT AS I SAID ONE, DATA.

WE HAVE TO HAVE BETTER DATA.

WE NEED TO GET BETTER INFORMATION IT HAS TO BE RETIME AND RELIABLE.

THE SECOND THING AS I SAID THE INCENTIVES ARE.

THE INCENTIVES THAT WE'RE PUTTING ON FUNDING THAT WE'RE GIVING TO PROVIDERS ALLOWING THEM TO TREAT THE PROBLEM THE WAY THAT THEY THINK IT NEEDS TO BE TREATED.

DO THEY HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY THAT THEY NEED AND ARE THEY INCENTIVED TO REALLY ADDRESS THE ROOT CAUSE.

>> ARE SOME PEOPLE SAYING THEY DON'T HAVE THAT FLEXIBILITY?

>> I THINK THAT SOME PEOPLE, SOME PROVIDERS HAVE TOLD US THEY DON'T EVEN WANT TO TAKE FEDERAL MONEY BECAUSE THEY WANT TO BE ABLE TO HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE THE SERVICES THAT ARE REQUIRED.

>> RIGHT.

AND ARE THESE THE FOLKS THAT ARE SEEING BETTER RESULTS, ARE THESE THE FOLKS THAT ARE MAKING BETTER HEADWAY, IS THAT WHAT YOU'RE FINDING?

>> THAT'S WHAT WE'RE FINDING ANECDOTALLY SO WE WANT TO DO A FOLLOW UP STORY TO AGGREGATE WHAT'S WORKING AND WHAT CAN SCALE.

>> YEAH, YEAH.

LAST QUESTION ON ALL THIS, THESE NONPROFITS, WE'VE HAD A LOT OF FOLKS IN HERE, MY GOODNESS WE DO HOMELESS STUDIES AND HOMELESS STORIES ALL THE TIME, WHAT DO THEY TAKE FROM THIS STUDY?

ARE THEY SEEING SOMETHING ANTAGONISTIC HERE OR WILLING TO WORK AND GET BEHIND THESE NUMBERS?

>> I THINK THEY ABSOLUTELY SEE THE SAME PROBLEMS WE DO THAT WE DON'T HAVE THE NUMBERS, WE DON'T HAVE THE INFORMATION WE NEED.

WE WANTED TO, YOU KNOW, WE WANT TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.

EVERYBODY AGREES THIS IS A HUMANITARIAN AND A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS.

AND EVERYBODY NEEDS TO WORK TOGETHER TO FIND A SOLUTION.

>> ALL RIGHT, KATIE COMMON SENSE INSTITUTE, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>>> TONIGHT'S ON THE NEWS HOUR THE U.S. PAUSES A SHIPMENT OF BOMBS TO ISRAEL OVER CONCERNS ABOUT A RAFAH OFFENSIVE.

THAT'S AT 6:00 ON ARIZONA PBS.

>>> OCEAN TEMPERATURES CONTINUE TO INCREASE IN RECORD-BREAKING RATES AND INDEED OCEAN WARMING IS MAKING FOR NEW RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES ON ALMOST A DAILY BASIS.

WHY IS THIS HAPPENING AND WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT?

WE ASKED PETER SCHLOSSER OF ASU GLOBALS FUTURE LABORATORY.

GOOD TO SEE YOU YOU THIS FOR JOINING US.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

OCEAN TEMPERATURES BREAKING A RECORD ALMOST EVERY DAY.

WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?

>> WELL, THEY HAVE BEEN INCREASING SINCE QUITE A WHILE AS TO AIR TEMPERATURES.

FOR EXAMPLE N2023, WE HAD A RECORD YEAR IN SURFACE TEMPERATURES ACROSS LAND AND OCEAN THAT WAS CLOSE TO THE CRITICAL 1.5-DEGREE CELSIUS.

BUT WHAT WAS SURPRISING THE OCEAN TEMPERATURES ALMOST JUMPED.

PART OF IT, OF COURSE, IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE PACIFIC IS WARMING DUE TO MINERAL BUT NOT ALL OF IT.

>> I WAS GOING TO ASK DOESN'T IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF IT'S LATINO YOU GOT -- LA NIÑA YOU GOT ONE THING, IF YOU EL NIÑO IT'S ANOTHER THING?

>> DURING EL NIÑO YEARS IT'S WARMER DURING LA NIÑA YEARS IT'S COOLER.

BUT EVEN WITH THE EL NIÑO CONDITIONS THAT WE HAD IN 2023, AND THAT ARE CONTINUING INTO THIS YEAR, THIS JUMP OF ALMOST ONE DEGREE CELSIUS OR TWO FAHRENHEIT IS MORE THAN WE WOULD HAVE EXPECTED FROM LA NIÑA CONDITIONS.

>> 90%, CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG, 90% ARE RISING GLOBAL TEMPERATURES ARE IN THE OCEANS?

>> MORE THAN 90% OF THE EXCESS HEAT CREATED BY GLOBAL WARMING ARE IN THE OCEANS.

>> MY GOODNESS.

SO IF THE EXCESS HEAT IS GOING AT A HIGHER RATE IT'S GOING IN THE OCEANS HOW DO YOU TURN THAT BACK?

I MEAN THIS SOUNDS LIKE A BATTLESHIP THAT WILL TAKE A LONG TIME TO TURN AROUND?

>> IT IS NOT INSTANTANEOUSLY -- WE CANNOT INSTANTANEOUSLY TURN IT BACK.

IN PRINCE MIDDLE WE CAN WE KNOW HOW TO CUT EVISIONS.

THAT IN ITSELF IS NOT ENOUGH WE ALSO HAVE TO TAKE SOME OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE THAT WE PUT INTO THE ATMOSPHERE BY BURNING FOSSIL FUELS TO SATISFY OUR ENERGY DEMANDS WE HAVE TO TAKE THAT BACK OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE.

WE KNOW HOW TO DO THAT.

WE REFER TO THAT JUST BRIEFLY IN YOUR INTRODUCTION HERE.

>> YEAH.

>> AND THAT IS THE WAY WE CAN ACTUALLY STOP THE WARMING FROM GETTING, YOU KNOW MOVING AHEAD FURTHER.

>> IF IT DOES MOVE AHEAD FURTHER F IT STAYS WHERE IT IS THE RAMIFICATIONS OF ALL THIS WHAT ARE YOU SEEING AND WHAT ARE THE WORRIED ABOUT?

>> SO THERE ARE SEVERAL EFFECTS THAT WE ARE ALREADY SEEING.

FIRST OF ALL IF YOU ARE WARMING WATER IT EXPANDS.

SO WE HAVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND WE ARE WATCHING THAT.

THE OTHER THING THAT IS WELL-KNOWN, WIDELY KNOWN IS THAT HEAT WAVES IN THE OCEAN, WHICH IS WARMING, IT'S LIKE A HEAT WAVE THAT HAS AN EFFECT ON ICONIC SPECIES SUCH AS CORALS THEY ARE BLEACHING CORALS THEY ARE DYING.

THE ICE ARE MELTING THAT INCREASE THE SEA LEVEL EVEN FURTHER.

AND WE HAVE MIGRATION OF SPECIES WHO SIMPLY CANNOT TAKE THE HEAT IN THE AREAS WHERE THEY ARE RIGHT NOW SO THEY ARE MOVING MIGRATING TO COOLER PARTS OF THE OCEAN.

>> EACH ONE OF THESE WE'LL START WITH CORAL BLEACHING THAT'S NOT NECESSARILY OUT THERE IN THE HEADLINES WHEN THIS CORAL IS DAMAGED LIKE THIS CAN IT RETURN?

IF IT DOES HOW LONG DOES THAT TAKE?

>> THERE ARE STILL EXPLORATORY STUDIES OUT THERE IF WE CAN MIX UP THE SPECIES OF CORALS IN SPECIFIC SIDES TO REVIVE THE CORAL REEF THAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED IT WILL TAKE TIME.

THESE CORAL SPECIES HAVE TO BE GROWN IN SO-CALLED CORAL NURSERIES THEN THEY HAVE TO BE PLANTED THEN THEY HAVE TO GROW, AND THEY HAVE TO BLOOM SO THAT'S YEARS AND YEARS.

>> YEAH.

AND THE ICE SHEETS MELT THAWING TALKED ABOUT THESE ICE SHEETS.

COMMON SENSE DICTATES YOU PUT A BUNCH OF ICE AND A BUNCH OF WATER IT AND MELTS THE WATER WILL RISE AND EXPAND.

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

WE ARE SEEING THAT.

WE HAVE INCREASED MELTING AROUND ANTARCTICA.

WE ALSO HAVE MELLING AROUND GREENLAND ON TOP OF GREENLAND.

AND THAT COMES ON TOP OF MELTING OF MOUNTAIN GLACIERS KILIMANJARO HAS NO ICE ANYMORE.

SO THERE IS A CUMLATIVE EFFECT.

GREENLAND THE GLOBAL SEA LEVEL RISE WOULD BE ABOUT SEVEN METERS ABOUT 20 FEET.

>> WOW.

>> SO THAT WOULD WIPE OUT ALL THE INFRASTRUCTURE.

WE ARE TRANSPORTING 90% OF THE GOODS GLOBALLY ACROSS THE OCEAN.

>> YEAH.

YEAH.

>> AND THE SPECIES YOU TALKED ABOUT I MEAN, AGAIN, ARE THESE THE KIND OF THINGS THAT WOULD REVERT BACK OR STOP?

I MEAN, ARE CERTAIN THINGS GONE FROM CERTAIN SOUTHERN LATITUDES FOREVER?

>> SOME PEESHES COULD -- SOME SPECIES COULD BE EXTINGUISHED AND OTHERS SHOULD MIGRATE FURTHER NORTH IN COOLER WATERS IF THE WATER TEMPERATURE WOULD COOL DOWN IN THE AREAS THAT THEY RESIDE NOW THEY COULD MIGRATE BACK.

SO I DEPENDS ON WHETHER OR NOT WE ARE STOPPING THAT WARMING IN DUE COURSE SO THEY ARE NOT EX-SNIERCHG AND THE WARMING -- EXTINCT.

>> AND THE WARMING WATER WOULD ADD FOR MORE MOISTURE, WOULD ADD MORE INTENSE RAINFALL, INTENSE STORMS IS THAT WHAT WE'RE SEEING OUT THERE.

>> WE ARE SEEING SOME OF THAT.

IF YOU ARE INCREASING THE OCEAN TEMPERATURE YOU ARE OFFERING CYCLONES, HURRICANES, FOR EXAMPLE, MORE MOISTURE TO BE TAKEN UP SO THEY ARE MIGHTIER IN TERMS OF THE WATER THEY ARE CARRYING AND THAT OF COURSE IS RAINED OUT OVER LAND SO THAT LEADS TO MORE FLOODING AND WE ARE SEEING THAT ALREADY.

>> SO LAST QUESTION HERE, WE GOT ABOUT A MINUTE LEFT HERE.

WE TALK ABOUT THIS VACUUM IN ICELAND THAT'S TAKING ALL THIS POLLUTANT OUT OF THE AIR AND PUTTING IT BACK.

IS THAT REALISTIC?

WHAT REALISTICALLY CAN WE DO?

>> THAT IS REALISTIC AND THEY ACTUALLY HAVE WORKING PLANT THAT IS TAKING CO2 OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND PUTTING IT INTO THIS WHERE IT BECOMES STONE.

WE HAVE NOT FAR FROM HERE WE HAVE A UNIT ON THE CAMPUS OF ASU IN TEMPE, WHERE WE ARE USING A SIMILAR METHOD PASSIVELY WE JUST HAVE AIR BLOWING OVER RESIN WHICH ABSORBS IT SO THAT CAN BE SCALED.

WE CAN TAKE 10 TONS OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE BY 2050 IF WE ARE SCALING FAST ENOUGH.

>> PETER SCHLOSSER, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

GOOD STUFF.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>>> AND THAT IS IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

Support for Arizona.