♪ ♪ There's a world ♪ somewhere near ♪ ♪ A world we've come to know ♪ ♪ Your family and you ♪ can search for it too ♪ ♪ A place that will help us ♪ to grow ♪ ♪ There's a world ♪ somewhere near ♪ ♪ under beautiful skies ♪ ♪ You can find it and say ♪ on a bright, sunny day ♪ ♪ Under the Yellow Balloon ♪ ♪ Yes, ♪ Under the Yellow Balloon ♪ ♪ Boy 1(off-screen)>We just don't have enough members in our animal lovers club to have a pet show.

Girl 1> Well, let's get some more members.

I'm sure my Buffy would win any pet show we could have.

Boy 1> But if we don't have any more pets, we can't have a pet show.

Alex> Hey, look what I have.

See what I just got?

Sam> It's a gerbil.

I've got a guinea pig!

Ruth> Isn't he cute?

Is it a he?

Alex> Yeah, I'm naming him Gerbie.

Girl 2> Gerbie the Gerbil, I like that name.

Girl 1> It looks like a rat to me.

Alex> It's a rodent, and so are mice, but a gerbil comes from Africa.

Ruth> I like him even if he does look like a mouse.

Hey, Alex.

Now you have a gerbil you can join our animal lovers club.

All> Yeah!

Girl 1> Will that give us enough members now to have a pet show?

Boy 1>Not yet.

Each of us has a different kind of pet.

Ruth> It wouldn't be fair to judge one kind of animal against another kind.

Girl 1> I guess not.

Ruth> Alex, what we're planning to do is have a pet show, but we don't have enough members in our club to do it.

Boy 1>Our first problem is to get more people to join our club.

How can we do that?

Girl 2>No one is going to join our club unless they know about it.

Sam>Each of us could tell three or four people about our club and ask them to join.

Girl 2>That's a good idea.

Boy 1>But since we know some of the same people, we might end up asking the same people over and over.

Girl 1 (off-screen)> We could set up a sign at school?

Alex> But a lot of people might not see it.

We'd have to make lots of signs and put them up everywhere.

Ruth> Wait a minute, I've got an idea.

My older sister belongs to a club, and they have a newsletter that they give out to their members and other interested people.

Alex> What's a newsletter?

Ruth> It's like a small newspaper.

Alex> We couldn't write a newspaper.

Ruth> Yes we could.

My grandfather would help us.

He works for a newspaper.

He's a writer.

Boy 1>Would he really help us?

Ruth> I'm going to see him tomorrow.

I'll ask him then.

Boy 1> I make a motion that we write a newspaper about our club.

Girl 1> We can hand it out at school!

Sam> We'd have to ask the principal if it'd be okay.

Boy 1> First, let's vote.

Who's in favor of us making a newspaper?

Raise your hand.

Okay.

Ruth, since your granddad will have to help us, and since it's your idea, will you be in charge of the newspaper?

Ruth> Sure.

My grandfather's boss at the newspaper is called the editor.

Can I be the editor?

Alex> I like to write.

Can I be your helper?

Ruth> You can be the assistant editor.

And Sam, you'll be in charge of distributing the newspaper.

Everybody else will be writers or reporters.

Grandfather>Oh, Ruthie,I thought I heard you come in.

Ruth> Grandfather, we need your help.

Grandfather> Oh, I can't help you right now, darling.

I'm sorry.

I've got to write my article for tomorrow's paper.

They're waiting for me to bring it in.

Ruth> But that's what I wanted to ask you about.

We need your help to write a newspaper for our club.

Grandfather> A club newspaper... That sounds like fun.

Sure.

I'll help.

Ruth>But we don't know how to get started.

How is the newspaper made?

Grandfather> Oh, putting out a newspaper is fairly complicated.

It takes a lot of people to get the news out to our readers.

I tell you what.

When I'm finished here I've got to take my article to the office.

Why don't you come along and I'll show you all the steps in putting together a newspaper.

You go ask your mom if it's okay.

I'll be done here in five minutes.

Ruth> Okay!

(typewriter clacking) Grandfather> Newspapers are the most popular form of written communication.

In most places they're published daily, but in some places they put out only once or twice a week.

Newspapers contain news, opinions about current events, feature articles and advertisements.

Now, this is a kind of machine that was once used to print newspapers.

Before the invention of the printing press, the only form of written communication was when someone wrote words by hand on paper.

Presses like this made it possible to print on paper.

Individual letters had to be put side by side to make up each word.

Ruth> Didn't that take a long time?

Oh it sure did, and it would be many years before the invention of the Linotype machine.

On a Linotype machine, letter mats fell into place as someone typed words on the keyboard.

These mats were then pressed against hot lead to form lines of type.

It took several hours to do each page.

Ruth> That's still a lot of time.

Grandfather>And that's why we use something different today.

Today we use a video display terminal, which looks like a combination typewriter and television set.

Afternoon, Pete.

Pete> Hi.

I was afraid you were going to miss your deadline.

Grandpa> Me?

I never miss a deadline.

Pete, this is my granddaughter, Ruth.

I'm showing her how we put out our newspaper.

With the VDT, the story is typed on the keyboard, but instead of appearing on paper, it appears on the television screen.

If a mistake is made, it can be corrected right away.

Sentences can even be added or removed.

Ruth> All those people have video terminals too!

Grandfather> Mhm, those people are called reporters.

They are the eyes and ears of the newspaper.

When important events take place in our area, reporters write stories about them.

The reporters have to work fast in order for their stories to appear in the paper while they're still news, instead of day old history.

They use VDTs just like Pete.

After the section's editor checks the story, another editor at the copy desk reads the story for accuracy and checks it for spelling, grammar, and makes sure that capital letters and punctuation are where they should be.

Copy Editor> Right there.

It's the first one on the... Ruth> Just like a teacher does.

Grandfather> I guess so.

The copy editor is the one who writes the headlines for the newspaper.

Let's go.

Come in Ruthie, this is my office.

Ruth> Are you a reporter?

Grandfather> No, I used to be one.

But now I write special articles about interesting people and things.

My main job is to write editorials.

Ruth> What's an editorial?

Grandfather> Well, in an editorial, I can give my opinion about news events, while a reporter has put only facts in his stories.

Ruth> All the stories in the newspaper are written here?

Grandfather> No, not all of them.

Some of our stories come from the wire services.

We also get pictures from these wire service machines.

It saves us from having a photographer and a reporter wherever an important news story is taking place.

Ruth> Are there any photographers working here?

Grandfather> Oh, sure.

They take pictures of local happenings.

Whenever we have a picture or a story that would be of interest to another newspaper, we send it to the wire services just as they send us pictures and stories.

Ruth> Who places the pictures and the stories on the pages of the paper?

Grandfather> Well, the advertisements go on the page first, and the news and pictures are placed around them.

The editors meet and discuss where the articles and pictures should go on the page.

Ruth> Why do the ads go on the page first?

Grandfather> Well, one of the reasons is that advertisements help pay for the newspaper.

Ruth> Oh.

Grandfather> Now, one of our types of advertisements is the want ads.

They're located at the back of the paper here, and they tell what's available for people who want to buy everything from pets to houses.

They're also called classified ads because they're grouped or classified according to the type of ad.

Ad Editor> Sunday, May 11 we'll have that back right in here.

Grandfather> Then we have our display ads.

These are used by stores or businesses which have goods or services for sale.

Ad Editor> Let's go to the Hoover vacuum cleaner.

Okay.

No changes there.

Grandfather> Our artists draw these illustrations for the ads and then lay them out so that they'll catch the reader's attention.

People pay for these ads according to how much space they take up on the page.

Of course, certain pages, such as the front page, never have advertisements on them.

Once pages are completed, they're sent here to be photographed.

In the camera's developing room, a negative of the page is made from the picture that the camera took.

The negative is placed over a metal or plastic sheet, and is put into a machine that makes it into a printing plate.

The plate is then put into another machine where all the non-tinted areas are etched out.

It takes only about a minute and then the plate is ready to go on the printing press.

We have a giant press that can print 1000 papers every minute.

First the plates have to be attached to the press.

Then ribbons of paper are threaded over and under rollers where they're printed on both sides.

The press folds the paper into pages and cuts them apart.

When the newspaper leaves the press, it's folded and ready for the reader.

Underneath the press is an area called the reel room.

Fresh rolls of newsprint wait to be fed into the endless ribbon on the press.

As one roll begins to reach its end, the next roll begins spinning at the same speed.

Within a second, the new roll is pasted on the end of the old roll, without the presses having to be stopped.

(conveyor belt whirring) As the pieces are printed, they move by conveyor belt into the mail room.

Here they're counted and bundled for the individual carriers.

Well, Ruthie.

That's how we print our newspapers.

Do you think you can make one?

Ruth> I'm sure we can.

♪ ♪ Everybody gather round, ♪ ♪ we've got a job to do ♪ ♪ Let's get the presses rolling ♪ so we can ♪ ♪ Spread the news, ♪ spread the news ♪ ♪ Spread the news, we have ♪ something to say ♪ ♪ There are articles to write, ♪ ♪ to be edited and typed ♪ ♪ Spread the news ♪ ♪ ♪ Before there was a ♪ printing press, ♪ ♪ it was written ♪ out by hand ♪ ♪ But now it is much easier, ♪ ♪ through inventions of man ♪ ♪ Spread the news, ♪ spread the news ♪ ♪ We have something to say.

♪ ♪ There are articles to write, ♪ ♪ To be edited and typed ♪ ♪ Spread the news ♪ ♪ Reporters write the story, ♪ then it's edited ♪ ♪ and checked ♪ ♪ So by the time ♪ the press is warm ♪ ♪ Everything is correct ♪ ♪ ♪ We must research our stories, ♪ making sure of the details ♪ ♪ Now write a feature article ♪ about our club entails ♪ ♪ Spread the news, spread the ♪ news ♪ ♪ We have something to say ♪ ♪ There are articles to write, ♪ ♪ To be edited and typed ♪ ♪ Spread the news ♪ ♪ We have to cut our stories out ♪ and paste them on the page ♪ ♪ Then we draw the pictures, ♪ engraving what we say ♪ ♪ Next we've then got copy ♪ ♪ So everyone will know, ♪ when we have them out, ♪ ♪ about our club pet show.

♪ ♪ Spread the news, spread the ♪ news ♪ ♪ We have something to say.

♪ ♪ ...about our ♪ club's pet show.

♪ ♪ Spread the news.

♪ ♪