>> BANKS GO DOWN.

LOCALLY, A TERRORIST THREAT SURFACES.

AND WE LOOK BACK IN HISTORY AT SOME OUTSTANDING WOMEN.

JOIN US FOR IVORY TOWER-NEXT.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> WELCOME TO IVORY TOWER.

I'M BARBARA FOUGHT FROM SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.

JOINING ME TONIGHT ON THE PANEL ARE ANIRBAN ACHARYA FROM LEMOYNE COLLEGE, CHAD SPARBER FROM COLGATE UNIVERSITY, AND TARA ROSS FROM ONONDAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE.

WE OFTEN HEAR THAT TERRORISM COULD HAPPEN ANYWHERE AND LAST WEEK A THREAT HAPPENED RIGHT HERE IN CENTRAL NEW YORK.

MANLIUS POLICE ARRESTED ZACHARY MULLEN FROM JAMESVILLE AFTER THEY SAID HE THREATENED ON SOCIAL MEDIA THAT HE'D SHOOT UP THE TOPS IN MANLIUS.

POLICE SAID HE WANTED TO USE HIS DAD'S HUNTING RIFLE TO KILL PEOPLE.

HIS FATHER HAD JUST DIED, WHICH OF COURSE IS VERY DIFFICULT FOR ANY 20-YEAR-OLD TO HANDLE.

ANIRBAN, DID THE POLICE AND AUTHORITIES HANDLE THIS WELL?

>> I THINK ABSOLUTELY SO.

YOU KNOW, THIS INDIVIDUAL DEEPLY DISTURBED BECAUSE OF HIS FATHER EATS PASSING AWAY WAS POSTING THIS STUFF IN DISCORD AND A COMMUNITY MEMBER TIPPED OFF KNOWING WHAT THE PERSON'S CONDITIONS WERE AND THE POLICE GOT A PROTECTION ORDER OUT IMMEDIATELY, WENT TO HIS HOME, GOT OUT THE WEAPONS THAT HE HAS, AND DID IT WITHOUT ANY INCIDENT OF VIOLENCE OF ANY SORT.

SO I THINK VERY IMPORTANTLY HERE THAT THE LAWS THAT NEW YORK STATE PASSED TO DEEP PEOPLE PROTECTED, HAD WORKED.

BUT I ALSO WANT TO ASK THAT, YOU KNOW, THERE IS A RACIST THREATS THAT THE PERSON DID AND THE POLICE CHIEF CROWELL HAD SAID THAT WE CONDEMN THE SPEECH AND THE DEPARTMENT BELIEVES THAT ANTIRACISM WORK IS VIOLENCE PREVENTION, WHICH IS AMAZING COMING FROM A POLICE DEPARTMENT, I WOULD SAY.

SO I WAS WONDERING WHAT THE POLICE IS DOING IN REGARDS TO THAT.

AND ALSO WHAT OTHER WAYS ARE WE MONITORING THIS INDIVIDUAL, GIVING THE PERSON COUNSELING THAT THEY NEED AND ALSO KEEPING THE COMMUNITY SAFE BECAUSE A THREAT TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE LAST BUFFALO TOPS MASSACRE, IF YOU WILL, IT MIGHT BE DISCONCERTING TO A LOT OF PEOPLE.

>> IT'S EASY TO THINK, THAT COULDN'T HAPPEN HERE, AS I SAID.

BUT NOW THAT IT HAS, WE HAVE MORE WORK TO DO IN THIS AREA, RIGHT?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

I THINK THERE SHOULD BE MANDATORY COUNSELING OF SOME SORT, AND YOU KNOW, RACISM PREVENTION PROGRAMS.

I DON'T KNOW HOW TO PUT IT.

BUT IT IS-- IT'S NOT JUST THE GUNS.

IT'S THAT I'M GOING TO USE THESE GUNS TO KILL A PARTICULAR GROUP OF PEOPLE.

WHY DOES THAT HAPPEN?

WHY IS IT, YOU KNOW, BEGINNING IN THAT WAY?

WHY DOES THE PERSON SOCIALIZED IN THAT ASPECT AND HOW TO DESOCIALIZE THAT PERSON FROM THOSE MODES OF THINKING.

I THINK THAT'S A MORE LONG-TERM-- WHICH CAN SAVE OTHER LIVES, OTHER PEOPLE WHO ARE THINKING LIKE HIM BECAUSE OF COURSE HE WAS TALKING TO OTHER PEOPLE ON DISCORD AND ONLY ONE PERSON TIPPED HIM OFF.

>> MAN TWO.

MAYBE TWO.

>> IN TERMS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT, THAT WOULD BE THE ONE AREA WHERE-- AND I AGREE.

I THINK THE POLICE HANDLED IT WELL.

I WAS A LITTLE SURPRISED THAT THERE WASN'T AT LEAST AN ORDER FROM A JUDGE THAT HE BE UNDER PSYCHIATRIC OBSERVATION FOR AT LEAST, YOU KNOW, 24 HOURS NOW.

I UNDERSTAND I BELIEVE HIS FATHER'S FUNERAL, I THINK IT'S TOMORROW.

SO I CAN UNDERSTAND WHY YOU WOULDN'T HAVE MADE IT REAL LONG, BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, WHEN YOUR MODE OF GRIEVING IS TO SAY I WANT TO GO OUT AND KILL SOME PEOPLE, OR MAYBE I'LL JUST BECOME-- AND I FIND IT FASCINATING-- A LEGITIMATE RACIST AS OPPOSED TO AN ILLEGITIMATE RACIST?

I'M TRYING TO FIGURE THAT ONE OUT.

ONE OF THE THINGS I FOUND REALLY INTERESTING IS THAT THERE WAS NO ORDER FROM A JUDGE SAYING, YOU KNOW, AT LEAST FOR 24 TO 48 HOURS, THIS YOUNG MAN SHOULD BE ON UNDERPSYCHIATRIC OBSERVATION.

OFTEN PEOPLE WHO ARE INTENT ON KILLING OTHERS, MAY BE INTENT ON KILLING HIMSELF.

NOW TRUE HIS FAMILY WAS VERY COOPERATIVE AND THE POLICE SAID THE FAMILY WAS VERY COOPERATIVE.

BUT THAT'S WHAT CONCERNED ME.

IT WAS THE ONE STEP THAT WASN'T NOT TAKEN.

THE OTHER THING I FOUND VERY INTERESTING IS WHY WAS THIS HIS MODE OF GRIEVING?

AND PARTIALLY IT CALLS INTO QUESTION WHAT WAS GOING ON WITHIN THAT HOME AS HE WAS BEING REARED, THAT THAT WAS THE DIRECTION THAT HIS GRIEVING TOOK.

NOW I'M NOT SUGGESTING THAT HE SHOULD HAVE DONE ANY OF THESE OTHER THINGS, BUT IF WE THINK ABOUT IT, WE WOULD BE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO THINK SOMEONE WOULD GO OUT AND GET DRUNK OR, YOU KNOW,DO SOME OTHER THINGS OR, YOU KNOW, I'M JUST GOING TO RUN AWAY, OR SOME OF THOSE THINGS FOR A 20-YEAR-OLD.

WHY WAS THIS THE DIRECTION THAT HIS GRIEVING TOOK?

>> WE DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT THAT SITUATION.

CHAD, ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS THAT HAS CONCERNED SOME PEOPLE, HE WAS LET OUT ON BAIL ACCORDING TO NEW YORK'S NEW BAIL LAW, AND WITHOUT ANY KIND OF ANKLE BRACELET.

I WONDER HOW CONCERNING THAT IS.

>> IT IS ODD, AND I'LL CONFESS I HAVEN'T FOLLOWED THE BAIL REFORM ARGUMENT AS MUCH AS OTHER PEOPLE HAVE HERE.

BUT YOU DID NOTE THAT DISTRICT ATTORNEY BILL FITZPATRICK HAD SAID "UNFORTUNATELY MULLEN IS OUT ON PRETRIAL RELEASE BECAUSE WE LIVE IN NEW YORK AND THAT'S THE NATURE OF BAIL REFORM.

AND IF HE HAS SECRET ACCESS IS TO A GUN, GOD FORBID THAT'S SOMETHING WE DON'T KNOW BUT WE WILL BE MONITORING HIM AS MUCH AS WE CAN."

IT SEEMS INCONSISTENT THAT YOU HAVE A GUY CHARGED WITH A TERRORIST ACT AND YOU ARE LETTING HIM EFFECTIVELY RUN FREE.

BUT LET ME ALSO SAY AS SORT OF A POSITIVE ECHOING WHAT YOU ALL SAID, I THINK THIS IS A SUCCESS FOR RED FLAG LAWS.

I THINK IT'S INTERESTING THAT ONLY 20 STATES HAVE RED FLAG LAWS LIKE THIS IN PLACE DESPITE-- >> EXPLAIN WHAT A RED FLAG LAW IS?

>> IN THIS CASE IT'S SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITY THAT HE HAD POSTED PROMPTED SOMEBODY TO REPORT HIM TO POLICE AND THE POLICE WERE ABLE TO ISSUE THIS EXTREME RISK ORDER OF PROTECTION E.R.P.O.

THAT ALLOWED THEM TO CONFISCATE HIS WEAPONS SO THAT HE COULD NOT COMMIT HARM WITH THEM.

AND THOSE KINDS OF LAWS ARE HUGELY POPULAR AMONG THE PUBLIC.

TWO-THIRDS OF BOTH DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS SUPPORT THIS KIND OF LEGISLATION.

IT'S A LITTLE SURPRISING TO ME THAT MORE STATES DON'T HAVE THEM.

AS I SAID 20 NOW.

BACK IN 2018, IT WAS ONLY FIVE SO THERE HAS BEEN SOME POSITIVE MOVEMENT IN THAT DIRECTION.

>> ANIRBAN, LAST QUESTION.

SHOULD THE COMMUNITY BE MORE FEARFUL NOW?

I'M AFRAID PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE QUITE FEARFUL.

AND I'M NOT SURE HOW MUCH WE NEED TO CALM PEOPLE'S FEARS OR HOW MUCH WE HAVE REAL PROBLEMS HERE.

>> I GO KENNEDY ON THIS.

THE ONLY THING TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF.

BUT I THINK THE PROBABILITY OF A PERSON GOING ATTACKED IN THIS SORT, THIS KIND OF VIOLENCE IS STATISTICALLY SMALLER THAN OTHER WAYS WE CAN, YOU KNOW, DIE, I SUPPOSE.

BUT I THINK IT'S LEGITIMATE FOR MANY PEOPLE TO THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, THEIR LIFE MIGHT BE THREATENED.

THEY'RE MOVING AROUND IN A COMMUNITY WHERE IT IS VERY CLOSE TO HOME.

BUT YOU KNOW, IT WAS CLOSE TO HOME WHEN IT WAS IN BUFFALO.

I GO TO BUFFALO ALL THE TIME.

I WOULD SAY YEAH, NOT BE FEARFUL BUT CAUTIOUS, LIKE YOU KNOW, I TAKE MY DAUGHTER TO A PLACE AND NOWADAYS I LOOK AROUND TO SEE IF THERE IS A SECOND EXIT.

I CATCH MYSELF THINKING WHY AM I DOING THIS?

SO A MIXED FEELING.

>> UNWITH OF THE THINGS WE MUST SAY, THE MANTRA IS WHEN YOU SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING.

AND TWO PEOPLE DID, WHICH WAS GOOD THAT THEN ANYTHING WAS PREVENTED.

LET'S TURN TO OUR SECOND TOPIC.

WHEN I WAS GATHERING TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION MID-WEEK, I DIDN'T PUT THE FAILURE OF THE TWO BANKS ON MY LIST.

ONCE THE PRESIDENT SAID THE CUSTOMERS' MONEY WAS SAFE, I THOUGHT IT WAS A SETTLED ISSUE.

BUT I WAS WRONG.

CHAD SAID THIS IS THE BIGGEST NEWS.

WEEK.

I STAND CONNECTED AND HERE WE ARE.

WE ARE GOING TO DISCUSS IT.

CHAD, I'VE LOOKED AT SOME OF THE REASONS, BAD BANK MANAGEMENT, RISING INTEREST RATES, THE RUN ON THE BANK.

WHAT DO YOU SEE AS THE FACTORS?

HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?

>> GOOD QUESTION.

I THINK TO START TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE IS USEFUL TO THINK ABOUT THE INHERENT RISK OF ALL BANKS.

THERE IS BASICALLY A CONFLICT BETWEEN LONG-TERM ASSETS LIKE THE 30-YEAR MORTGAGE LOANS A BANK GIVES OUT VERSUS THE SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES, THE DEPOSITS PEOPLE CAN TAKE OUT ANY TIME THEY WANT TO.

BUT THEN WITH FSB IN PARTICULAR WHAT YOU CAN POINT TO IS TWO IDIOSYNCRASIES.

90% OF THEIR DEPOSITS WERE IN EXCESS OF $250,000.

THEY WERE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED AMONG CFOs AND START-UPS AND FIRMS IN THE TECH INDUSTRY SO EVEN A SMALL SHOCK TO THE TECH INDUSTRY COULD HAVE BIG REPERCUSSIONS FOR THIS BANK AND MONEY COMING OUT.

THE SECOND IS THAT MANY OF THE ASSETS THAT THE BANK OWNED WERE IN U.S. TREASURY BONDS, WHICH SHOULD BASICALLY BE VERY, VERY SAFE.

BUT THE FEDERAL RESERVE HAS RAISED INTEREST RATES BY 1700% OVER THE LAST YEAR.

THAT'S THE STEEPEST INCREASE IN THE LAST FOUR DECADES.

AND WHEN INTEREST RATES GO UP, BOND PRICES GO DOWN AND SO THE VALUE OF ALL THAT BANK'S ASSETS PLUMMETED.

SOPHISTICATED DEPOSITORS TOOK THEIR MONEY OUT, YOU GET A CLASSIC BANK RUN, $42 BILLION TAKEN OUT IN ONE DAY ALONE, THE BANK FAILS, GENERATES FEAR OF CONTAGION AND THAT'S WHERE WE ARE AT TODAY.

>> HOW SERIOUS DO YOU THINK THIS IS FOR THE FUTURE?

IS IT OVER?

IS IT HANDLED?

>> IT'S NOT OVER.

BUT THE FEDERAL RESERVE, THEY REACTED SWIFTLY.

FDIC REACTED SWIFTLY AND THAT WAS THE RIGHT MOVE TO BAIL OUT THIS BANK SO THAT KIND OF DECREASES SOME OF THE PRESSURES.

ARE WE OUT OF THE WOODS YET?

NO.

>> ANIRBAN, ARE WE OUT OF THE WOODS YET?

>> THERE IS A DOCUMENTARY PRECISELY ON THIS ENDING WITH THE FAILURE CALLED EASY MONEY.

IT'S A 1:54 DOCUMENTARY EVERYBODY WOULD BENEFIT FROM SEEING.

I THINK THIS IS NOT OVER.

THERE HAS BEEN KIND OF EASY MONEY BECAUSE OF QUANTITATIVE EASING AND THAT PUT MANY OF THE BANKS INTO THIS KIND OF SCENARIO WHERE YOU KNOW, THEY CAN MAKE A LOT OF RISKY TRADES, RISKY ASSETS.

BUT PARTICULARLY WITH THEY HAVE BEEN LOBBYING FOR A VERY LONG TIME TO LIQUIDATE, DEREGULATE PART OF THE RULES THAT AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISIS WAS PUT IN SUCH THAT THESE BANK FAILURES DO NOT OR THESE KINDS OF CRISES DOES NOT HAPPEN.

AND AS WE LOBBIED FOR IT FOR A VERY LONG TIME AND MADE A CARVEOUT OF THAT IN TERMS OF THE VOKEL RULE.

IT IS THAT IT NEEDS TO BE, THE BANKS NEED TO, YOU KNOW, INVEST, DEPOSIT TAKING BANKS SHOULD NOT INVEST IN RISKY ASSETS, VENTURE CAPITAL BEING ONE OF THEM.

SO AFTER THEY LOBBIED, $500,000 WORTH OF LOBBYING, THEY GOT RID OF THESE RULES-- >> CONGRESS GOT RID OF THE RULES.

>> CONGRESS GOT RID OF THE RULES AND MANY PEOPLE SUPPORTED IT BECAUSE YOU NEED MONEY FOR THE INNOVATION ECONOMY, YOU NEED GROWTH, YOU NEED TO TAKE THESE RISKS.

BUT THEY DIDN'T HAVE A RISK MANAGEMENT OFFICER AS A RESULT OF THIS, RIGHT?

THEY INVESTED IN RISKY ASSETS THAT THEY KNEW THEY WOULD BE SUBJECTED TO THIS STRESS TEST, THIS GRANULAR STRESS TESTS IF THOSE RULES WERE NOT TAKEN AWAY.

SO IT LOBBIED FOR LESS OVERSIGHT IT PLAYED WITH THE MONEY, AS IT WANTED, DUE TO THAT LESS OVERSIGHT AND NOW IT IS IN HOT WATER.

NOBODY CAN BANK ON IT.

BAD PUN THERE, RIGHT?

>> THAT'S TERRIBLE.

[LAUGHTER] BUT HERE IS THE THING THOUGH.

I SEE LARRY SOMERS AND ALL THESE BIG SHOTS, THEY TAKE TALK ABOUT MORAL HAZARDS WHEN IT COMES TO STUDENT LOANS.

I GET THAT.

HOWEVER, ECONOMICALLY SPEAKING, MORAL HAZARD EXISTS HERE.

IF I CAN SAY I CAN TAKE YOUR MONEY AND DO WHATEVER I DO WITH YOUR MONEY AND IF I LOSE IT, LOOK AT CAPITALISM, WE GET SAVED.

GAVIN NEWSOME HAD MONEY IN HIS WINERIES, GREG BECKER TOOK OUT $36 MILLION TWO WEEKS AGO AND ALL THESE RICH ASSET PEOPLE, RIGHT, THEY'RE LIKE OH YEAH, WE MADE A MISTAKE, BUT GUESS WHAT?

BIG DADDY FED IS THERE.

THEY'RE GOING TO HELP ME THE PET U LANT CHILD.

>> THERE ARE A LOT OF OBSERVERS RIGHT NOW SAYING WITH THE EXISTING REGULATION THAT STILL APPLIES TO THIS BANK, THAT THE REGULATORS SHOULD HAVE CAUGHT THE PROBLEMS THAT THEY HAD.

IN FACT, FRANK, BARNEY FRANK, WHO CO-AUTHORED NOT FRANK, HAS SAID IF THE RULES HAD APPLIED TO THE BANK, IT WOULDN'T HAVE MADE ANY DIFFERENCE.

IN OTHER WORDS, IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN CAUGHT.

>> MY QUESTION HERE IS I CONSIDER MYSELF THE AVERAGE DEPOSITOR WHO PROBABLY HAS, YOU KNOW, LESS THAN $ 250,000 IN THE BANK WHICH IS WHAT THE FDIC IS SUPPOSED TO COVER IF A BANK FAILS AND I REALLY HAVE TWO QUESTIONS.

FIRST OF ALL, DO I NEED TO WORRY AS AN AVERAGE CUSTOMER?

MANY PEOPLE LIKE ME ARE BANKING WITH SMALLER BANKS, WHICH THIS WAS.

AND THE SECOND QUESTION IS, WHY IS IT IF MY BANK FAILS, I ONLY GET $250,000 BUT WHEN THIS BANK'S DEPOSITORS FAILED, THEY GET YOU KNOW, BASICALLY ALL OF THEIR ASSETS BACK.

OR THEIR DEPOSITS BACK, I GUESS WOULD BE THE BETTER WAY TO PUT IT?

>> EXCELLENT QUESTION.

FIRST ONE WORRY?

NO.

I'M NOT TAKING MY MONEY OUT OF THE BANK.

THE SECOND ONE, THE $2350,000, THAT'S THE CONTROVERSIAL, THAT'S THE CENTER PIECE OF CORONAVIRUS I THINK WITH WHAT IS GOING ON RIGHT NOW.

AND AND IN SOME WAYS, WHAT IS HAPPENING IS YOU KNOW, THESE BIG DEPOSITORS, THEY'RE NOT YOU AND ME WITH A LITTLE BIT MORE MONEY F. WE LOSE SOME OF OUR MONEY, IT'S NOT GOING TO HAVE THESE REVERBERATIONS THROUGHOUT THE ECONOMY.

WHAT IT IS IS, IT'S COMPANIES LIKE ROKU, A STREAMING SERVICE THAT HAD LIKE HALF A BILLION DOLLARS OF DEPOSITS IN THAT BANK THAT THEY USED TO PAY THEIR WAGES, TO PAY THEIR RENT, TO PAY THEIR UTILITIES.

AND SO IF YOU DON'T LET THEM HAVE ACCESS TO THEIR MONEY, ALL OF A SUDDEN, THAT BANK FAILURE, THEN TRICKLES DOWN TO ALL KINDS OF TERRIBLE REPERCUSSIONS FOR ALL OF SILICON VALLEY, WHICH IS SORT OF-- IT'S A TECHNOLOGICAL ENGINE OF OUR WHOLE NATION'S ECONOMY.

AND SO THAT IS SORT OF-- IT'S NOT TOO BIG TO FAIL IN THE SENSE THAT WE SAW IN 2008.

THE SYSTEMATIC RISK HERE IS THAT IT WAS SO ENTWINED WITH ONE VERY, VERY IMPORTANT SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY.

>> ANIRBAN, I WONDER IF ONE OF THE REASONS THE GOVERNMENT WAS SO QUICK TO JUMP IN AND GET THE BANKS TO SUPPORT ALL THIS IS BECAUSE AMONG THOSE START-UPS, A NUMBER OF THEM WERE DOING DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY WORK.

>> YEAH, SEE I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THAT.

BUT AGAIN THAT GIVES A BROAD ERIN SENTIVE FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO PROTECT THESE THINGS.

AND THIS IS A BROADER CONTAGION.

FIRST REPUBLIC GOT BAILED OUT BY OTHER BANKS, $60 BILLION.

I DON'T THINK THIS IS GOING TO END.

THIS IS WHY.

WATCH THE DOCUMENTARY AND YOU KNOW, EASY MONEY HAD FLOODED WALL STREET FOR A VERY LONG TIME.

>> DEFINE EASY MONEY.

>> EXTREMELY LOW INTEREST MONEY, EXTREMELY LOW INTEREST RATES, YOU KNOW, THAT HAS CREATED A FRENZY OF SPECULATION.

AND AT SOME POINT OF THE TIME IT HAS TO COLLECT.

IT'S MARKETS, RIGHT?

I WOULD EXPECT IT TO SEE MUCH MORE FAILURES IN PEOPLE WHO HAD MADE THE RISKY INVESTMENTS BUT WHETHER THE BANK, THEY SHOULD BE BAILED OUT OR NOT IS A CONTROVERSIAL QUESTION.

I AGREE WITH CHAD.

WE FEED TO STAVE OFF A BROADER CONTAGION INTO A LARGER SYSTEM.

BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WHEN DO WE ACTUALLY HOLD RISKY INVESTORS ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR RISKY INVESTMENTS?

>> I DON'T THINK THE SHAREHOLDERS OR CREDITORS TO THIS BANK ARE GETTING BAILED OUT.

IT'S THE DEPOSITORS.

>> THE RISK GOVERNMENT IS BACKING UP THAT OTHER BANK.

WE NEED TO MOVE TO OUR THIRD TOPIC.

IT'S GOING TO BE A LITTLE DIFFERENT.

WE ARE GOING TO GIVE A NOD TO WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH.

PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER FIRST DECLARED A WOMEN'S HISTORY WEEK, AND FAIRLY RECENTLY CONGRESS EXPANDED IT INTO A FULL MONTH.

THIS IS AN OBSERVANCE TO HONOR THE OFTEN-OVERLOOKED CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN IN HISTORY.

I'VE ASKED EACH OF THE PANELISTS TO TELL US ABOUT A WOMAN WHO HAS MADE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT IN THEIR DISCIPLINE.

OR IN HISTORY.

TARA LET'S START WITH YOU.

>> THE PERSON I CHOSE IS Dr. DARLENE CLARK HEIN, AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND WHAT HAPPENED IS WHEN SHE WAS IN GRADUATE SCHOOL, SHE REALIZED THAT THERE HAD BEEN NO SYSTEMIC STUDY OF THE BLACK FEMALE EXPERIENCE.

SO AS SHE COMPLETED HER GRADUATE WORK, SHE DECIDED THAT SHE WOULD FILL THAT VOID.

HER FIRST BOOK WAS CALLED "BLACK WOMEN IN WHITE" ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN IN NURSING.

AND THEN SHE WENT ON TO WRITE " WHAT IS STILL THE ENCYCLOPEDIA CALLED "BLACK WOMEN IN AMERICA."

YOU WILL FIND IT IN MOST ACADEMIC LIBRARIES.

TO DATE, LIKE I SAY, IT IS THE ENCYCLOPEDIA ON AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN.

SHE HAS CO-AUTHORED MANY BOOKS, INCLUDING THE TEXTBOOK THAT I USE IN MY AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY CLASS.

>> THAT'S GREAT.

TERRIFIC.

ANIRBAN, WHO IS YOUR WOMAN.

>> WELL, IN MY DISCIPLINE, ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO GOT A NOBEL PRIZE TALKING ABOUT INSTITUTIONS.

BUT I READ A LOT OF HISTORY AND RECENTLY I THINK CAROL ANDERSON HAS SOME EXCELLENT WORK ON THIS NEW BOOK ON THE SECOND AMENDMENT TALKING ABOUT THE RACIALIZED ASPECTS OF THE SECOND AMENDMENT AND ITS EXISTENCE.

AND SECOND NELL IRVING, A HISTORIAN WHO WROTE AN AMAZING BOOK CALLED THE HISTORY OF WHITE PEOPLE AND LATER ON BECAME A PAINTER AFTER HAVING THE BEST SELLING BOOK.

>> SHE WAS AN AUTHOR... >> AND HISTORIAN AND NOW IS A PAINTER.

IT'S A GREAT BOOK.

VERY WELL WRITTEN UNDERSTAND CAN OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHITE RACE OVER A VERY LONGER PERIOD OF TIMEMENT SO I THINK IMPORTANT BUT, YOU KNOW, I LIKE ALL THIS ASPECT, I CAN ALSO SAY MY MOTHER HAD A GREAT INFLUENCE IN MY LIFE AND STILL HAS.

I LEARNED HOW TO ARGUE WITH PEOPLE FROM HER.

IN A GOOD WAY.

BUT AFTER ALL THIS, I WANT TO SAY THIS, RIGHT?

LIKE WE NEED TO ALSO THINK ABOUT WOMEN IN POWER, IN POLITICAL LEGISLATION THAT HELP WOMEN'S LIVES.

WHY IS THAT IN THE UNITED STATES WE DON'T HAVE PAID MATERNITY LEAVE AT A FEDERAL LEVEL AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES HAVE?

WHY ARE WE LAGGING IN WOMEN'S HEALTH, IN WOMEN'S EDUCATION, WOMEN IN POWER.

RWANDA AND OTHER PLACES HAVE MORE WOMEN IN THEIR PARLIAMENT UNDERSTAND AU.S.

IS ONE OF THE LOWER IN THAT RANK.

I WOULD LIKE TO SEE IT TRANSLATED TO POWER.

>> CHAD, WHO DID YOU PICK?

>> THE FIRST THING TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT MY DISCIPLINE IS UNFORTUNATELY FEMALE REPRESENTATION IN ECONOMICS IS EMBARRASSINGLY LOW.

ONE OUT OF THREE NEW Ph.D.s IN ECONOMICS GRANTED IN 2020 WENT TO A WOMAN.

AND IN THAT WROAR A LOT MORE LIKE THE STEM FIELDS.

AND ALSO PHILOSOPHY AS IT TURNS OUT.

BUT THAT MEANS WHEN I THINK ABOUT SOME OF THE PIONEERS, A LOT OF THEM, THEY'RE SUPER ACTIVE RIGHT NOW, THEY'RE CONTEMPORARY.

>> MORE RECENT.

>> ABSOLUTELY.

>> GIVE US ONE OR TWO.

>> IN MY FIELD, IMMIGRATION I POINT TO FRANCINE BLOUGH WHO IS LOCAL.

SHE IS AT CORNELL AND HAS DONE A LOT OF WORK OF GENDER INEQUALITY AND IMMIGRATION, SOMETIMES ALL THREE TOGETHER AND JENNIFER HUNT AT RUTGERS, THE FORMER CHIEF ECONOMIST AT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.

SHE DOES A LOT OF WORK ON THINGS LIKE HOW ENTREPRENEURIAL... >> WE HAVE TO LEAVE IT THERE BECAUSE IT'S TIME TO OPEN UP THE GRADEBOOK.

WE TALKED ABOUT GREAT WOMEN.

TARA WHO GETS YOUR F THIS WEEK?

>> TO TEXAS GOVERNOR GREG ABBOTT AND THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

BASICALLY THEY ARE TAKING OVER THE HUGHES HOUSTON TEXAS SCHOOL SYSTEM.

THEY CITE FAILING SCHOOLS AND STUDENTS BUT THIS IS POLITICAL BECAUSE THIS IS A REPUBLICAN LED STATE GOVERNMENT THAT HAS BEEN STEADILY WORKING TO REMOVE THE POWER OF THE SCHOOL BOARD IN THE DEMOCRATIC PREDOMINANTLY MINORITY HOUSTON, TEXAS SCHOOL SYSTEM.

AND THE SAD THING ABOUT ALL OF THIS IS THAT THIS VERY OBVIOUS POLITICAL MOVE WILL NOT IMPROVE THINGS BECAUSE STUDIES HAVE SHOWN WHEN THE STATE TAKES OVER SCHOOL SYSTEMS, IT DOESN'T NECESSARILY IMPROVE THINGS.

>> INTERESTING BE ANIRBAN, YOUR F?

>> TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT IN LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, FOR?

WHAT THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT REPORT STATES PATTERN OR PRACTICE OF CONDUCT THAT VIOLATES THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE RESIDENTS OF LOUISVILLE INCLUDING USE OF EXCESSIVE FORCE, UNLAWFUL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK PEOPLE AND CONDUCTING SEARCHES BASED ON INVALID WARRANTS.

AND FURTHER SUCH INVESTIGATION GOING IN MANY CITIES.

WE ARE SLOWLY SEEING NOT JUST A FEW BAD APPLES, ENTIRE ORCHARDS OF DISGRACE.

>> ORCHARDS OF DISGRACE.

CHAD YOUR F AGREE TO MISSISSIPPI FOR PASSING A LAW THAT WILL FORCE ELECTRIC CAR COMPANIES TO SELL VEHICLES THROUGH FRANCHISEES INSTEAD OF THE COMPANY OWNED STORES THEY CURRENTLY DO.

USUALLY RAILING AGAINST DEMAND DMS FOR BANNING THINGS BUT THIS IS AN EQUALLY UNJUSTIFIED INTERVENTION INTO FREE MARKETS SIGNED BY A REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR.

IT'S JUST DUMB PROTECTIONIST POLL.

>> I LET'S HEAR WHO HAS DONE SOMETHING WELL.

TARA.

>> FORMER PBS HOST OF THE SMILEY SCHMO FOR HIS ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM CALLED THE STATE OF THE BLACK UNION.

FOR FOR 10 YEARS THIS WAS ONE OF THE MOST ANTICIPATED EVENTS IN THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY.

IN A PERIOD WHERE WE SPEND TOO MUCH TIME ON SOCIAL MEDIA DISCUSSING RHIANNA'S BABY BUMP, THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY SORELY NEEDS THIS SORT OF ORGANIZED ANALYSIS OF THE REAL ISSUES IN ITS COMMUNITY AND THE UNSUNG HEROS, LEADERS, WHO ARE TRYING TO RESOLVE THOSE ISSUES.

>> ANIRBAN?

>> IN THE SUMMER OF 1897, 20 BLACK U.S. ARMY INFANTRY MEN OF THE 25th INFANTRY REGIMENT BICYCLED 1900 MILES ON FIXED GEARS STATE-OF-THE-ART BIKES FROM MONTANA TO MISSOURI.

HE RETRACED THEIR JOURNEY AND SAID I WANT EVERYBODY TO KNOW OF THE 20 BLACK SOLDIERS BICYCLING FEAT IN 1897 SO DRAWING ATTENTION TO THIS, I GUESS A GOES TO BOTH.

>> VERY GOOD AND CHAT, I'M THINKING IT'S ST. PATRICK'S DAY, WHAT DO YOU SAY?

>> A TRIO OF LOCAL ST. PATRICK'S DAY AS.

OWNER OF DISCOUNT SHOE REPAIR IN SYRACUSE WHO COLLECTS THOUSANDS OF SHOES EVERY WINTER TO THE RESCUE MISSION.

SECOND TO THE PARADE'S GRAND MARSHAL EILEEN MURRAY FOR CO-FOUNDING TIPPERARY HILL RUN AND THE BISHOP WHO GRANTED DISPENSATION FOR PRACTICING CATHOLICS ALOUING US TO EAT MEAT DURING LENT.

WE BE WILL HEADING TO COLEMAN'S FOR AN IRISH BLFT.

SO... >> WE ARE TAPING THIS IN THE MORNING.

SO LET ME JUST ADD ONE QUK THING ABOUT MY WOMAN IN HISTORY IS THE FIRST KNOWN WOMAN AUTHOR.

THERE ARE WRITINGS WAY BACK EARLIER THAN THAT BUT SHE IS THE FIRST PERSON WHO SIGNED HER NAME.

THE FIRST KNOWN AUTHOR IS A WOMAN.

I LOVE IT.

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.

PLEASE LET US KNOW WHAT YOU THINK ABOUT THE TOPICS WE'VE DISCUSSED.

YOU CAN WRITE US AT THE ADDRESSES ON YOUR SCREEN.

IF YOU MISS THE SHOW ANY FRIDAY NIGHT, TUNE US IN SATURDAY AFTERNOONS AT 5:30 OR FIND US ANY TIME AT WCNY.ORG.

STAY SAFE AND GOOD NIGHT.

HAPPY ST. PATRICK'S DAY AND GOOD NIGHT.

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