♪ >>> HELLO, EVERYONE.

AND WELCOME TO "AMANPOUR & CO." HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.

ONE YEAR IN CAPTIVITY.

AS AMERICAN JOURNALIST EVAN GERSHKOVICH REMAINS BEHIND BARS IN RUSSIA, I SPEAK TO HIS FRIENDS WHO ARE CAMPAIGNING TIRELESSLY FOR HIS RELEASE.

>>> THEN, MIRANDA'S LAST GIFT.

FORMER PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHWRITER DAVID FRUM JOINS ME TO DISCUSS HIS LATEST PIECE, DETAILING THE DEVASTATING LOSS OF HIS DAUGHTER AND THE GIFT OF HER PESKY DOG, RINGO.

>>> ALSO AHEAD -- >> IRAN IS ACCUMULATING A VAST AMOUNT OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM.

>> NUCLEAR DIPLOMACY AROUND THE WORLD.

WA WALTER ISAACSON TALKS TO RAFAEL GROSSI ABOUT IRAN'S NUCLEAR CAPABILITIES.

>>> AND -- >> WE CAN'T GO ON LIVING LIKE THIS.

WE HAVE TO FIND ANOTHER WAY.

>> ON GOOD FRIDAY, HOPE FROM GRIEF.

WE LOOK BACK AT CHRISTIANE'S CONVERSATION WITH ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN PEACE ACTIVISTS ROBI DAMELIN AND BASSAM ARAMIN.

♪ >>> "AMANPOUR & CO." IS MADE POSSIBLE BY -- THE ANDERSON FAMILY ENDOWMENT.

JIM ATTWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAMS.

CANDACE KING WEIR.

THE FAMILY FOUNDATION OF LEILA AND MICKEY STRAUS.

MARK J. BLECHNER.

THE FILOMEN M. D'AGOSTINO FOUNDATION.

SETON J. MELVIN.

CHARLES ROSENBLUM.

KOO AND PATRICIA YUEN.

COMMITTED TO BRIDGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN OUR COMMUNITIES.

BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG.

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THESE FUNDERS AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.

THANK YOU.

>>> HELLO, EVERYONE.

WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.

I'M BIANNA GOLODRYGA IN NEW YORK SITTING IN FOR CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR.

THIS IS THE FRONT PAGE OF TODAY'S "WALL STREET JOURNAL."

IT'S BLANK WITH THE SIMPLE HEADLINE "HIS STORY SHOULD BE HERE."

IT MARKS ONE YEAR SINCE AMERICAN JOURNALIST EVAN GERSHKOVICH WAS ARRESTED IN RUSSIA ON ESPIONAGE CHARGES, AN ACCUSATION THE JOURNAL AND U.S. GOVERNMENT STRONGLY DENY.

IN REALITY, HE WAS SIMPLY DOING HIS JOB AS A REPORTER, ONLY TO END UP AS ONE OF PUTIN'S PAWNS, KEPT BEHIND BARS AS A BARGAINING CHIP.

IN AN INTERVIEW RELEASED TODAY BY "THE WALL STREET JOURNAL," EDITOR IN CHIEF EMMA TUCKER ASKED HIS PARENTS IF THEY THOUGHT IT WAS GETTING HARDER FOR THEM AS TIME PASSES.

HERE'S WHAT THEY SAID.

>> I'M SURE IT TAKES TOLL.

IT TAKES TOLL ON US.

IT DEFINITELY TAKES TOLL ON HIM.

HE WORRIES ABOUT US SO MUCH, HE WOULDN'T REVEAL A LOT, BUT WE STILL KNOW THAT IT'S TAKEN TOLL.

>> AND AS HIS PARENTS CAMPAIGN TIRELESSLY FOR HIS RELEASE, SO DO HIS COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS.

TWO OF THOSE FRIENDS ARE JOURNALISTS POLINA IVANOVA AND PJOTR SAUER.

THEY JOIN ME NOW FROM BERLIN.

WELCOME, BOTH OF YOU.

I'D BE REMISS TO NOTE THAT BERLIN HOLDS A SPECIAL PLACE FOR BOTH OF YOU AND FOR EVAN.

IT WAS THIS TIME LAST YEAR WHERE HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE MEETING UP WITH HIS FRIENDS IN BERLIN, AND YOU COMMEMORATED THIS DAY, THIS HORRIBLE MILESTONE, TOGETHER IN BERLIN.

POLINA, TALK ABOUT THE FACT THAT THIS HAS BEEN A YEAR, A YEAR NOW SINCE YOUR FRIEND WAS TAKEN FROM YOU, FROM HIS FAMILY, FROM DOING WHAT HE LOVED TO DO AND ACCUSED OF SOMETHING THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF.

>> IT'S COMPLETELY -- IT'S HARD TO GET YOUR HEAD AROUND IT.

SOMETIMES I TRY TO REALLY IMAGINE JUST WHAT A DAY IN THAT KIND OF -- IN THOSE KIND OF CIRCUMSTANCES MIGHT FEEL LIKE, A DAY IN TOTAL ISOLATION AND THEN A WEEK AND THEN A MONTH, AND NOW IT'S A WHOLE YEAR THAT EVAN HAS BEEN AWAY FROM ALL OF US, FROM HIS FAMILY, FROM HIS WORK, AND UNABLE TO COVER SOME OF THE BIG STORIES THAT HAVE BEEN BREAKING IN RUSSIA OVER THE PAST YEAR, AND DO HIS JOB, THE JOB THAT HE LOVES SO MUCH, AND SPEND TIME WITH US.

SO, YEAH, BERLIN IS IMPORTANT.

IT WAS THE PLACE THAT EVAN WAS SUPPOSED TO VISIT, AND WE WERE PLANNING THAT TRIP.

SUDDENLY HE WAS TAKEN FROM US EXACTLY A YEAR AGO.

SO IT'S HARD.

>> AND PJOTR, HIS EMPLOYER, "THE WALL STREET JOURNAL," IN A PIECE TODAY SUMS UP THE STOLEN YEAR AND WHAT IT HAS DEPRIVED HIM OF.

EVAN HAS LOST 12 MONTHS OF NORMAL EXISTENCE AS A KINETIC AND CURIOUS 32-YEAR-OLD, A YEAR HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN JETTING AROUND EUROPE AND THE U.S.

BETWEEN GROUPS OF FRIENDS, HIS FAMILY AND HIS REPORTING TRIPS TO RUSSIA.

THERE'S BEEN A BURST OF WEDDINGS AND ENGAGEMENTS OF FRIENDS FROM HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.

HE HAS MISSED A YEAR OF MONUMENTAL CHANGES AND AN INTRIGUE IN RUSSIAN REPORTING, A CORNERSTONE OF MANY OF HIS FRIENDSHIPS WITH REPORTERS AND THE KEY PART OF HIS IDENTITY.

HE HAS MISSED A YEAR OF ARSENAL, HIS FOOTBALL TEAM, THE METS, AND THE JETS, HIS FAVORITE TEAMS.

HE HAS MISSED THE FINAL EPISODES OF SUCCESSION, THE FINALE OF TED LASSO, AND THE 16th SEASON OF IT'S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA.

PJOTR, I WONDER HOW YOU, AS A FRIEND WHO HAS CONTINUED YOUR LIFE, AS YOU SHOULD, WHILE ALSO WORKING TIRELESSLY FOR THE WORLD NOT TO STOP FOCUSING ON EVAN AND FOR HIS ULTIMATE RELEASE.

HOW HAS THIS FELT FOR YOU KNOWING THAT LIFE HAS GONE ON AND HE'S BEEN STOCK IN A RUSSIAN PRISON?

>> YES.

IT'S EXTREMELY DIFFICULT.

THERE ARE DAYS, OF COURSE, WHEN YOU FEEL GUILTY THAT YOU'RE OUT HERE AND YOU CAN BE OUTSIDE ENJOYING THE SUN LIKE A DAY LIKE TODAY.

AND EVAN IS STUCK 24 HOURS A DAY IN A TINY CELL REALLY, YOU KNOW.

YOU JUST LISTED ALL THE THINGS THAT EVAN HAS MISSED.

AND AS POLINA SAID, ALL THESE STORIES HE SHOULD HAVE COVERED.

THE WORLD IS REALLY MISSING OUT ON EVAN, NOT JUST THE PERSON BUT ALSO EVAN THE JOURNALIST.

HE WAS AND IS A FANTASTIC JOURNALIST.

BUT WHAT WE TRY TO DO IS KEEP HIM INVOLVED WITH OUR LIVES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

WE SEND HIM LETTERS ON A WEEKLY BASIS, AND HE SENDS LETTERS BACK TO US.

OVER 5,000 PEOPLE FROM AROUND THE WORLD HAVE SENT LETTERS TO EVAN, AND WE MAKE SURE THEY GET TO HIM BY TRANSLATING THEM INTO RUSSIAN AS REQUIRED BY RUSSIAN LAW.

>> I WOULD ADD HE JUST -- >> GO AHEAD.

>> NO, JUST WE TRY AND SORT OF DESCRIBE, YEAH, OUR LIVES TO HIM.

AND HE ALSO STAYS REALLY INVOLVED HIMSELF.

YOU KNOW, HE REMEMBERS ALL OF OUR BIRTHDAYS.

HE MANAGES TO CARE ABOUT ALL THE MAJOR EVENTS IN OUR LIVES, HELP US MAKE, YOU KNOW, LIFE DECISIONS.

HE FEELS LIKE A CONSTANT PRESENCE EVEN THOUGH HE'S SO FAR AWAY.

>> YES.

>> AND THANKS TO YOU, AND I, MYSELF, HAVE FELT GUILTY BECAUSE HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR EVAN'S DETENTION, I WOULDN'T HAVE COME TO KNOW THE TWO OF YOU AND YOUR WONDERFUL CIRCLE OF FRIENDS, JUST BRILLIANT YOUNG JOURNALISTS.

AND I REALLY COMMEND YOU FOR BEING ABLE TO PURSUE YOUR VERY IMPORTANT WORK.

YOU'VE BEEN TRAVELING THE WORLD STILL AS JOURNALISTS, BUT ALSO FOCUSING ON EVAN AND MAKING SURE THE WORLD HASN'T STOPPED COVERING THIS STORY.

SO HATS OFF TO YOU.

AND AS I NOTED, I SENT EVAN A LETTER, AND I WAS SO SURPRISED THAT I ACTUALLY GOT A RESPONSE FROM HIM AS WELL.

POLINA, TALK TO US ABOUT HOW HE'S BEEN DOING.

YOU KNOW, IT IS STUNNING.

I WILL NEVER GET OVER THE FACT THAT A HUMAN BEING IN A RUSSIAN COURTROOM SITS THERE BEHIND A GLASS CELL AND CAGE AND IS LOOKED UPON LIKE AN ANIMAL, AND YET THERE YOU SEE ON THE OTHER SIDE A STOIC, POISED YOUNG MAN WHO HAS A SMIRK ON HIS FACE AT TIMES, IN A WAY SENDING A MESSAGE THAT "I'M OKAY."

HOW IS HE DOING?

IS HE OKAY?

>> HE REALLY IS.

HE'S A SUPER RESILIENT GUY.

I MEAN I OFTEN THINK, YOU KNOW, IF IT WAS ONE OF US, WE'D REALLY STRUGGLE.

I MEAN HE'S AMAZING.

HE'S VERY STRONG.

HE'S VERY FOCUSED AND DETERMINED.

HE HAS -- YOU KNOW, HE HAS THIS ROUTINE THAT HE'S BUILT FOR HIMSELF.

HE HAS -- YOU KNOW, HE READS.

HE WRITES LETTERS.

HE MAKES SURE TO WRITE TO PEOPLE THAT HE CARES ABOUT, AND HE SPENDS MOST OF HIS TIME REASSURING US AND TRYING TO SUPPORT US, YOU KNOW, THINKING ABOUT HOW WE'RE DOING, WHICH IS JUST A STRENGTH OF CHARACTER.

IT'S REALLY AMAZING.

HE DOESN'T LET HIMSELF KIND OF GET TOO DOWN, AND CONSIDERING THE CIRCUMSTANCES, THAT'S A REAL FEAT.

IT'S A REAL FEAT.

>> YEAH, AT THE SAME TIME, OF COURSE, IT'S 365 DAYS.

AND AS ELLA SAID, IT'S TAKING ITS TOLL FOR ANYONE REALLY, EVEN FOR SUCH A STRONG MAN LIKE EVAN, IT TAKES A TOLL.

THAT'S WHY I THINK WE ARE ENCOURAGED THAT TODAY U.S. PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN SAID THAT HE WILL NOT GIVE UP ON EVAN AND WILL DO EVERYTHING TO GET HIM OUT.

YOU KNOW, WE JUST WANT OUR FRIEND BACK.

EVERY DAY IS TOO LONG FOR A JOURNALIST TO BE IMPRISONED IN RUSSIA ON ABSURD FALSE CHARGES.

>> YEAH, HE'S BEEN HELD IN THE PRISON.

HE GETS ONE HOUR OF FREE TIME THAT IS OUTSIDE IN, I BELIEVE, A 6 BY 6 AREA.

HE HAS A CELLMATE.

HE'S BEEN READING AND CORRESPONDING WITH YOU.

HE'S BEEN MEDITATING.

HIS PRETRIAL DETENTION WAS JUST EXTENDED FOR A FIFTH TIME NOW THROUGH THE END OF JUNE, AND NOT ONE SHRED OF EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PRESENTED BY RUSSIAN PROSECUTORS.

IMPORTANT TO NOTE AS WELL.

ALL THEY'VE DONE IS ACCUSE HIM OF DOING SOMETHING WITHOUT PROVIDING ANY EVIDENCE, BUT THAT SHOWS YOU WHERE RUSSIA'S LEGAL SYSTEM IS AT THIS POINT IN PUTIN'S REGIME.

YOU MENTIONED HOPE AND OPTIMISM ABOUT SOMETHING, SOMETHING DONE BETWEEN THE U.S., PERHAPS A PRISONER SWAP, NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES, TO SEE EVAN'S RELEASE.

I WANT TO PLAY FOR YOU SOUND YESTERDAY FROM CHRISTIANE'S INTERVIEW WITH ROGER CARSONS.

HE'S A SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL ENVOY FOR HOSTAGE AFFAIRS AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT.

HE SOUNDED A NOTE OF OPTISM.

>> WE HAVE SEEN IN THE PAST ONCE A TRIAL STARTS IN RUSSIA, THE RUSSIANS WILL FOLLOW THROUGH.

SO IF THE TRIAL PROCESS STARTS WITH EVAN, THAT MIGHT TAKE US INTO A 7, 8, 9, 10 MONTH PERIOD WHERE WE MIGHT HAVE A HARDER TIME TO MAKE A DEAL AND BRING HIM HOME.

MY HOPE IS THE RUSSIANS ARE THINKING IN THE NEXT 90 DAYS, THEY CAN WORK WITH US TO COME UP WITH THAT DEAL TO BRING HIM HOME BEFORE THE TRIAL ACTUALLY STARTS.

>> THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION SAYS THEY'RE DOING EVERYTHING THEY CAN.

THE PUBLISHER OF THE "WALL STREET JOURNAL" TODAY SAID UNTIL HE'S OUT, NOT ENOUGH IS BEING DONE, AND MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE.

PJOTR, HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THIS PROCESS?

ARE YOU OPTIMISTIC?

DO YOU THINK THAT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS DOING EVERYTHING THEY CAN TO BRING EVAN HOME?

>> WELL, I THINK IT'S QUITE SIMPLE.

AS LONG AS HE IS IN JAIL, MORE CAN BE DONE.

YOU KNOW, HE'S EITHER FREE, OR HE'S IN JAIL.

AND AT THE MOMENT, HE'S STILL IN JAIL.

WE ARE ENCOURAGED BY THE STATEMENTS THAT YOU JUST PLAYED YESTERDAY, THERE SEEMS TO BE A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY NOW FOR 90 DAYS.

THIS SEEMS TO BE CRUCIAL.

AND WE DO REALLY HOPE THE WHITE HOUSE PUTS ALL ITS RESOURCES IN GETTING OUR FRIEND HOME.

YOU KNOW, I'M NOT TALKING JUST AS A FRIEND, BUT EVAN WAS THERE IN MOSCOW DOING THE WORLD A PUBLIC SERVICE BY COVERING RUSSIA, YOU KNOW, RISKING HIS LIFE FOR US.

SO I THINK NOW IT'S SO IMPORTANT TO MAKE SURE HE'S OUT OF THE COUNTRY, FREE.

>> POLINA, IN YOUR EXCHANGES WITH EVAN, HOW UP TO DATE AND UP TO SPEED IS HE IN THE PROCESS OF WHERE THINGS STAND, OF WHAT'S BEING SAID BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IN PARTICULAR?

>> WE TRY TO NOT DISCUSS THE DETAILS OF THOSE THINGS.

I KNOW THAT HE IS FOLLOWING THE NEWS, SO HE HAS -- HE HAS A TV.

HE HAS STATE MEDIA.

HE HAS RUSSIAN STATE MEDIA.

HE HAS NEWSPAPERS, SO HE HAS THAT KIND OF INFORMATION.

HE DOES MEET REGULARLY WITH HIS LA LAWYERS.

ON STATE MEDIA, HE WILL HAVE SEEN SEVERAL OCCASIONS WHERE PUTIN HAS SPOKEN ON CAMERA ABOUT EVAN'S CASE, SPOKEN ABOUT HOW THERE IS, YOU KNOW, HOW THE RUSSIA GOVERNMENT SEES HIS CASE AS ONE FOR AN EXCHANGE.

IT BOGGLES THE MIND TO TRY AND IMAGINE SITTING IN A PRISON IN MOSCOW, WATCHING VLADIMIR PUTIN DISCUSS YOUR FATE ON STATE TELEVISION.

I MEAN, YOU KNOW, THIS IS -- YEAH, IT'S A LOT TO IMAGINE.

SO HE'S OBVIOUSLY IN THE LOOP, AND HE HAS NEWS.

HE HAS THESE MEDIA SOURCES.

BUT WE DON'T TALK ABOUT THE SPECIFICS.

>> AND, PJOTR, IN THE LAST MOMENTS WE HAVE TOGETHER TODAY, JUST REMIND OUR VIEWERS OF EVAN'S PASSION FOR REPORTING, HIS PASSION ON REPORTING IN RUSSIA IN PARTICULAR, WHERE, YOU KNOW, HIS FAMILY IS FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.

HE HAS A CLEAR CONNECTION TO THE COUNTRY, A LOVE OF THE CULTURE.

VLADIMIR PUTIN DOESN'T SEE THIS SIDE OF REPORTERS IN THE COUNTRY AND THEIR NECESSITY, BUT WE DO.

SO REMIND OUR VIEWERS OF THAT.

>> WELL, I WORKED WITH EVAN SIDE BY SIDE FOR THREE YEARS AT THE MOSCOW TIMES, AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, WHERE WE BOTH STARTED OUR CAREERS SOME SIX YEARS AGO.

AND I'VE SEEN WHAT A PROFESSIONAL JOURNALIST HE IS.

HE CARES DEEPLY ABOUT THE STORY, ABOUT GETTING THE FACTS RIGHT, ABOUT LETTING THE WORLD KNOW ABOUT RUSSIA, A COUNTRY HE UNDERSTANDS LIKE NO OTHER.

THAT'S SOMETHING VLADIMIR PUTIN DOESN'T KNOW, BUT WE DO KNOW.

AND AS LONG AS HE'S THERE, THE WORLD IS MISSING OUT ON THIS EXCELLENT REPORTING.

>> PJOTR AND EVAN DID SOME AMAZING WORK TOGETHER, SHARED SOME GREAT BYLINES.

EVAN HAS ALREADY UNDERSTOOD RUSSIA WITH SO MUCH NUANCE AND WRITTEN ABOUT IT WITH SO MUCH DEPTH AND GIVEN EVERY CHARACTER, EVERY PERSON IN HIS STORY SO MUCH TIME AND SPACE TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES.

IT'S JUST A REAL SHAME THAT SOMEONE WHO HAS GIVEN SO MUCH TIME AND DEDICATION TO THE COUNTRY SHOULD NOW BE BEHIND BARS.

>> AND SUCH A PASSION FOR THE RUSSIAN CUISINE AS WELL.

I, MYSELF, MY HERITAGE IS FROM THE SOVIET UNION.

THERE ARE SOME FOODS THAT APPARENTLY HE HAS A KILLER RECIPE FOR.

I'M DYING TO MEET HIM AND TO HAVE A REUNION WITH YOU, HIS FAMILY, AND TO SEE FINALLY JUSTICE SERVED FOR THIS MAN WHO'S BEEN DEPRIVED OF A YEAR OF FREEDOM FOR ONLY DOING ONE THING, AND THAT WAS HIS WORK AS AN ACCREDITED JOURNALIST IN RUSSIA.

POLINA IVANOVA AND PJOTR SAUER, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR TIME, FOR YOUR RESILL YEN, JENS, AND I'M SO GRATEFUL TO HAVE GOTTEN TO KNOW YOU AND YOUR CIRCLE OF FRIENDS.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>>> WELL, WE TURN NOW TO AN IMMENSELY PERSONAL STORY OF LIFE, DEATH, AND A CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL.

IN HIS LATEST PIECE FOR "THE ATLANTIC," DAVID FRUM WRITES ABOUT HIS DAUGHTER MIRANDA WHO DIED SUDDENLY LAST MONTH.

AT JUST 32 YEARS OLD, SHE WAS ABOUT TO CELEBRATE FIVE YEARS OF SURVIVAL AFTER A RARE TUMOR WAS SUCCESSFULLY REMOVED FROM HER BRAIN.

IN "MIRANDA'S LAST GIFT," DAVID WRITES POWERFULLY ABOUT WHAT MADE HER SO SPECIAL.

THE OVERWHELMING GRIEF OF LOSING A CHILD AND TAKING IN HER FIERCELY LOYAL DOG, RINGO.

DAVID AND RINGO FRUM, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.

>> THANK YOU.

THIS IS A HIGH-RISK EXPERIMENT WE'RE CONDUCTING.

>> LET'S SEE WHERE THIS TAKES US.

FIRST OF ALL, DAVID, MY CONDOLENCES.

MY DEEPEST CONDOLENCES TO YOU AND YOUR FAMILY.

I'M SO SORRY THAT WE HAVE TO SPEAK UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES.

I WAS JUST MESMERIZED AND MOVED TO TEARS AS SO MANY WERE BY YOUR VERY MOVING WORDS.

I'VE OBVIOUSLY KNOWN YOU AS AN ELOQUENT SPEECHWRITER ON POLITICS, AND I WISH THAT THAT'S WHERE YOU COULD FOCUS NOW.

BUT INSTEAD, YOU'VE GIFTED US WITH THE MEMORY OF MIRANDA AND NOW WITH RINGO.

CAN YOU PLEASE JUST TELL US IN THESE FIRST FEW MOMENTS ABOUT MIRANDA, YOUR INCREDIBLE DAUGHTER?

>> THANK YOU.

MIRANDA WAS THE ELDEST CHILD OF MY WIFE, DANIELLE, AND MYSELF.

DANIELLE AND I HAVE BEEN MARRIED SINCE 1988.

MIRANDA WAS BORN IN 1991.

SHE WORKED AS A FASHION MODEL IN ISRAEL AND ITALY AND TURKEY, JAPAN.

SHE WORKED AS A WRITER.

SHE HAD A SOCIAL MEDIA BUSINESS.

SHE WAS A VERY DYNAMIC AND VERY, VERY BRAVE YOUNG WOMAN.

SHE COVERED THE HAMAS WAR IN 2014 AT THE SAME TIME THAT SHE WAS DOING PHOTO SHOOTS UNDER ROCKETS.

SHE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH A RARE BRAIN TUMOR IN 2018 AND UNDERWENT SURGERY IN 2019.

WE REALLY THOUGHT WE HAD GOT THIS THING BEAT, BUT WE WERE WRONG.

THE REASON I WROTE ABOUT IT, THIS EXPERIENCE, BECAUSE HOW CAN YOU -- IN A WORLD FULL OF SUFFERING, YOU JUST TOLD A TERRIBLE STORY.

IN A WORLD FULL OF SUFFERING, HOW CAN YOU CLAIM PEOPLE'S ATTENTION FOR ONE PERSON'S PROBLEMS?

AND I TRIED WHEN I WROTE ABOUT THIS TO FIND SOMETHING UNIVERSAL IN WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO US.

>> AND THAT IS RINGO RIGHT THERE.

SOMETHING SMALL TO WRITE ABOUT SOMETHING SO BIG.

>> YOU NEED TO -- YOU CAN'T WRITE ABOUT BIG THINGS LIKE THIS.

IT'S TOO MUCH.

IT'S TOO MUCH FOR THE WRITER.

IT'S TOO MUCH FOR THE READER.

IT'S TOO PAINFUL.

BUT YOU CAN TAKE A LITTLE THING, AND THE BOND BETWEEN A YOUNG WOMAN AND HER DOG, WHO WE NOW INHERIT, WHO IS NOT A MODEL CITIZEN.

IT'S KIND OF A MIRACLE HE'S IN MY LAP THIS LONG.

MY WIFE IS FEEDING HIM CHEESE OFF CAMERA.

THESE ARE STORIES WE ALL HAVE.

WE ARE ALL SOONER OR LATER GOING TO JOIN THE COMMUNITY OF SUFFERING, AND WE'RE ALL GOING TO NEED SOURCES OF STRENGTH, AND THIS GUY IS ONE OF THEM.

>> HOW FAR YOU'VE COME AS ASSISTANT NUMBER TWO.

RINGO IS DOING WELL SO FAR.

SO LET'S TAKE THIS CONVERSATION FORWARD.

YOU KNOW, AFTER READING YOUR PIECE, I REALLY BECAME CURIOUS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT MIRANDA.

I'M SURE EVERYBODY DID.

I TRIED TO SEARCH HER AND LOOK HER UP AND FIND MORE AND MORE, AS MUCH AS I COULD ABOUT HER.

AND THANKS TO YOUR REPORTING AND YOUR ESSAY AND YOUR WIFE TELLING HER FOLLOWERS AND REMINDING HER FOLLOWERS OF A PODCAST THAT SHE HAD MIRANDA ON ABOUT DATING APPS AND WHETHER OR NOT THEY'RE THE DEATH OF ROMANCE AND COURTSHIP.

I ENDED UP LISTENING TO THE ENTIRE PODCAST BECAUSE I WAS JUST SO ENTRANCED BY MIRANDA, HER HUMOR, HER RELATIONSHIP WITH HER MOTHER, WHICH I COULD TELL WAS VERY CLOSE AND AT TIMES A BIT UNCOMFORTABLE GIVEN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONVERSATION.

I WANT TO PLAY A CLIP FROM IT BECAUSE RINGO IS MENTIONED AS WELL.

>> I DON'T THINK THERE'S ANYTHING MORE THRILLING THAN BEING PICKED UP AT A BAR.

I MEAN THAT -- OR A LOUNGE, LIKE A HIGH-END PLACE.

>> MIRANDA -- >> NOT LIKE IN A [ BLEEP ] UP WEIRD WAY.

JUST A GUY YOU'RE LOOKING AT, HE'S LOOKING AT YOU.

IT'S AGE-APPROPRIATE.

IT'S CUTE.

HE COMES OVER, AND HE JUST STARTS CHATTING YOU UP.

I CAN'T TELL YOU HOW MANY TIMES PEOPLE HAVE BEEN, LIKE, SO TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FURRY FRIEND.

AND IT'S LIKE, THIS IS RINGO.

HE'S 3.

NO, HE'S NOT ADOPTED.

>> YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT A DOG.

LET'S BE CLEAR WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A DOG.

YOU'RE NOT INTO FURRIES.

>> YEAH.

>> DAVID, WHAT COMES TO YOUR MIND WHEN YOU HEAR THAT?

>> MIRANDA WAS ALWAYS THE SHARPEST WIT IN EVERY ROOM.

SHE IS SO, SO FUNNY, AND HER JOKES ABOUT RINGO -- RINGO, HE'S GOT VERY SHORT LITTLE LEGS.

HE WOULD SOMETIMES TRY TO JUMP ONTO THE FURNITURE, AND HE WOULD SOMETIMES MISS.

SHE WOULD LOOK AROUND AND REASSURE HIM, DON'T WORRY.

NO ONE SAW.

>> SHE ALSO CALLED RINGO THE BEST GIFT YOU AND YOUR WIFE EVER GAVE HER, INCLUDING THE GIFT OF LIFE.

AND I WAS LISTENING TO AN INTERVIEW THAT YOU GAVE YESTERDAY ABOUT THIS, AND YOU SAID THAT OBVIOUSLY WITH A LOSS AS PROFOUND AS A DAUGHTER, A CHILD, THAT WHAT GOES THROUGH YOUR MIND SO MUCH IS GUILT AND WHAT I SHOULD HAVE SAID OR WHAT I COULD HAVE DONE IN CERTAIN MOMENTS.

>> YEAH.

>> BUT WHEN YOU SEE RINGO, WHAT SHE DESCRIBED AS THE BEST GIFT EVER THAT YOU COULD HAVE GIVEN HER, THERE WITH YOU NOW, I'M SURE THAT GIVES YOU A LOT OF JOY AS WELL.

>> HE GIVES US A LOT OF JOY.

HE GIVES US A LOT OF TROUBLE, BUT HE'S OUR WAY TO KEEP A CONNECTION TO HER FOREVER.

AND WHAT I SAID AT THE END OF THAT PIECE, HE DOESN'T HAVE A LOT OF RESPECT FOR ME, BUT WE'RE BONDED TOGETHER.

I WORK FOR HIM NOW AS ASSISTANT NUMBER TWO.

MIRANDA'S JOKE WAS I ONCE SAID I FEEL LIKE HIS ASSISTANT.

I SAID MOM'S ASSISTANT NUMBER ONE.

HE'S GOT MULTIPLE ASSISTANTS.

YOU'RE ASSISTANT NUMBER TWO.

THAT NICKNAME STUCK.

>> WHAT'S INTERESTING, ASSISTANT NUMBER TWO, IS THAT WHEN YOU FIRST GIFTED RINGO TO MIRANDA, YOU DIDN'T THINK HE WAS A GOOD FIT FOR HER.

WALK US THROUGH THE ARC OF THAT RELATIONSHIP BECAUSE I WAS REALLY TOUCHED WHEN YOU DESCRIBED HIS BEHAVIOR AND HOW HE SEEMINGLY SENSED THAT SHE NEEDED COMFORT AND ATTENTION AND FOR HIM TO REMAIN CALM IN THE MOMENTS RIGHT AFTER HER SURGERY.

HE UNDERSTOOD WHAT WAS GOING ON.

>> DOGS UNDERSTAND THIS.

THAT IS, I THINK, THE UNIVERSAL BOND.

HE WAS WITH HER THROUGH EVERY MOMENT OF HER SURGERY.

THE STANFORD MEDICAL CENTER ALLOWED HIM TO KEEP VIGIL WITH HER.

HE UNDERSTOOD HER HEAD HAD TO BE KEPT MOTIONLESS.

AND THIS DOG, WHO IS HIGH MAINTENANCE, HE WAS A CHANGED ANIMAL.

HE LAY THERE QUIETLY.

HE WATCHED OVER HER.

AND THAT IS WHAT THESE ANIMALS DO FOR US AND HOW THEY ARE CRUCIAL TO ALL OF OUR HEALING.

AND THE UNIVERSAL IN THE STORY, I MEAN, I HAD IMAGINED A MORE GENTLE CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL.

WE DIDN'T PICK THE DOG.

WE SENT THE CHECK TO THE BREEDER, AND WE WERE A LITTLE ALARMED BY THE DOG THEY PICKED OUT.

MIRANDA ALSO WAS AN ADVENTURER.

MIRANDA WAS SOMEONE WHO SEIZED LIFE AS RINGO DOES.

SHE WAS SOMEONE WHO INSPIRED TREMENDOUS LOVE FROM A CIRCLE OF FRIENDS THAT SPANS PLANET.

>> AND RINGO WAS WITH HER IN HER LAST MOMENTS AS WELL, AND YOU WRITE SO PAINFULLY AND BEAUTIFULLY OF THE FLIGHT BACK TO CANADA.

>> YEAH.

>> AND HIS REMAINING WITH HER BODY.

>> IT'S A -- IT'S A VERY REAL THING TO MOVE A BODY FROM -- SHE DIED IN BROOKLYN.

SHE WAS LAID TO REST IN RURAL ONTARIO.

AND RINGO SOMEHOW UNDERSTOOD THAT THIS WAS HIS MISTRESS.

AND EVEN THOUGH SHE WAS NO LONGER A SPIRIT, JUST A BODY, HE LAY ON HER THROUGH THIS FLIGHT.

THEN AT THE END OF THE FLIGHT, HE JUMPED OFF HER AND INTO MY WIFE'S LAP AS IF TO SAY, IT'S NOW UP TO YOU TO TAKE CARE OF ME.

>> ARE YOU SURPRISED BY THE WAY THIS PIECE HAS TOUCHED SO MANY PEOPLE?

I MEAN LIVING IN SUCH A POLARIZED WORLD RIGHT NOW, OBVIOUSLY YOU WERE AFFILIATED WITH ONE OF TWO PARTIES IN THIS COUNTRY, AND IT SEEMS LIKE THERE HAS JUST BEEN UNIVERSAL SUPPORT AT A TIME WHERE ANYTIME POLITICS IS RAISED OR DISCUSSED, YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE TWO PARTIES IS AN ENEMY.

AND THAT'S NOT THE CASE HERE.

>> MM-HMM.

WELL, I WAS VERY APPREHENSIVE ABOUT THE ARTICLE BECAUSE, AGAIN, I'M NERVOUS TO ASK -- IN THIS WORLD OF TROUBLE, TO ASK FOR ATTENTION FOR ONE'S OWN TROUBLE.

I'VE BEEN SO TOUCHED.

I WROTE IT -- IT TOOK A WHOLE TO GO THROUGH THE PRODUCTION BECAUSE I WROTE THE PIECE IN ABOUT FIVE HOURS IN THE FIRST ROUND, JUST TO POUR OUT HOW I FELT.

AND I THINK I TOUCHED ON THINGS THAT A LOT OF PEOPLE FEEL.

SO THAT'S WHEN WE CONSUME NOW ABOUT A LOT OF WRITING ABOUT GRIEF, AND WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR ALWAYS IS SOMEONE WHO SAID SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN USE.

AND WE'VE BECOME A COLLECTOR OF THINGS.

ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WAS MOST POWERFUL TO US IS WE HAD A CALL FROM SOMEONE WE KNOW VERY, VERY SLIGHTLY, WHO HAD ALSO LOST HIS DAUGHTER AT ALMOST EXACTLY THE SAME AGE AS MIRANDA.

HIS DAUGHTER WAS 33.

HE'S AN AGENT IN HOLLYWOOD.

AND HE SAID, YOU KNOW, IF THE ANGEL OF DEATH WOULD COME TO YOU NOW AND SAY, I CAN BRING YOUR DAUGHTER BACK IF YOU AGREE TO JUMP OFF A BUILDING, YOU'D DO IT WITHOUT HESITATION, WITH A SMILE ON YOUR FACE.

BUT HE SAID, BUT THAT'S NOT ON THE TABLE.

AND WE'VE BEEN QUOTING THAT LINE OVER AND OVER.

WHAT'S ON THE TABLE AND WHAT'S NOT ON THE TABLE.

AND WHAT I HOPE I WAS ABLE TO DO IN THIS ARTICLE IS TO SHOW OTHER PEOPLE IN GRIEF WHAT MAY BE ON THE TABLE FOR THEM, WHAT WE CAN ACHIEVE, HOW WE CAN FIND SOME CONTINUING JOY, AND HOW WE CAN HONOR THE PEOPLE WE'VE LOVED AND LOST BY TAKING CARE OF WHAT WAS IMPORTANT TO THEM.

>> WHAT HAS LIFE BEEN LIKE WITH RINGO?

HAS HE ADJUSTED TO LIVING WITH ASSISTANT NUMBER ONE AND TWO AS MIRANDA SAID?

HE LOVES YOU.

HE JUST DOESN'T RESPECT YOU.

DO YOU FEEL THAT RESPECT BUILDING A LBITTLE BIT NOW?

>> NO, BUT WE DO HAVE QUITE A LOT OF DOGS RIGHT NOW.

WE HAVE TWO DOGSS OF OUR OWN.

MY SON HAS BEEN LIVING WITH US SINCE WE LOST MIRANDA WITH HIS DOG.

SO THERE'S NOW A PACK.

AND THE PACK HAS IMPOSED A LITTLE BIT OF DISCIPLINE ON RINGO.

I WOULDN'T DESCRIBE HIM AS A REFORMED ANIMAL.

JUST THE OTHER DAY, HE PICKED UP A PIECE OF HEAVY METALWORK AND TRIED TO BITE IT.

THEN WHEN IT WOULDN'T YIELD TO HIS BITE, HE CARRIED IT AROUND WITH HIM.

>> I AM JUST BLOWN AWAY GIVEN HOW YOU DESCRIBED HIM IN THIS PIECE WITH HOW WELL BEHAVED HE'S BEEN THROUGHOUT THIS ENTIRE INTERVIEW.

IT'S AS IF HE KNOWS THE SUBJECT MATTER AND DESPITE THE LACK OF RESPECT HE HAS FOR YOU, HIS ENORMOUS RESPECT AND LOVE FOR MIRANDA IS WHAT'S PREVAILING.

>> ALSO ASSISTANT NUMBER ONE IS ABOUT FOUR FEET AWAY.

>> I SEE HER HAND FEEDING HIM SOMETHING EVERY FEW MINUTES.

DAVID, LISTEN, I'D LOVE TO HAVE YOU ON TO TALK ABOUT POLITICS.

I THINK THERE'S A LOT THAT STOOD OUT TO ME IN THIS PIECE AS WELL ABOUT HEALTH CARE, ABOUT OBAMACARE, HOW JUST TO BE CIVIL WITH ONE ANOTHER AND HAVE COMPASSION.

THESE ARE ALL ISSUES THAT AMERICANS CARE ABOUT, AND WE HAVE AN IMPORTANT ELECTION COMING UP.

SO I HOPE YOU CAN JOIN US AGAIN ONE DAY WITH OR WITHOUT RINGO, AND WE CAN TALK ABOUT POLITICS.

FOR TODAY, IT WAS ABOUT BEAUTIFUL MIRANDA.

AND, AGAIN, OUR THOUGHTS ARE WITH YOU AND YOUR FAMILY.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BRINGING HER INTO ALL OF OUR LIVES.

AND MR. RINGO TOO.

THANK YOU.

>>> WELL, COMING UP NEXT, TO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN OUR EVER-CHANGING WORLD.

THE FIRST EVER NUCLEAR ENERGY SUMMIT TOOK PLACE IN BRUSSELS LAST WEEK WITH SEVERAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CALLING FOR MORE GROWTH IN THE SECTOR, HOPING THAT IT COULD HELP HIT CLIMATE TARGETS AND REDUCE RELIANCE ON RUSSIAN GAS AND OIL.

BUT THIS COMES AT A TIME WHEN CONCERNS ARE GROWING ABOUT IRAN'S CHINA'S NUCLEAR CAPABILITIES.

IN PART TWO OF HIS CONVERSATION WITH WALTER ISAACSON, DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, RAFAEL GROSSI, DISCUSSES WHAT WE SHOULD AND SHOULDN'T BE WORRIED ABOUT.

>> RAFAEL GROSSI, WELCOME BACK TO THE SHOW.

>> THAT'S MY PLEASURE.

HELLO.

>> WELL, LET'S TALK ABOUT IRAN.

LAST MONTH YOUR AGENCY SAID, I THINK, THAT IRAN HAD ACTUALLY REDUCED ITS QUANTITY OF WEAPONS-GRADE WHILE EXPANDING ITS WHOLE NUCLEAR PROGRAM.

TELL ME, DOES THAT MEAN WE'RE GETTING INTO A BETTER POSITION VIS-A-VIS IRAN, OR ARE YOU STILL PESSIMISTIC?

>> NOT NECESSARILY.

OF COURSE WE INFORM THAT BECAUSE WE ARE OBJECTIVE, AND WE HAVE TO INFORM WHAT THE INVENTORY IN TERMS OF ENRICHED URANIUM ACTUALLY IS, WITHOUT SPECULATING OR POLITICIZING.

WE ARE LIKE AN INTERNATIONAL AUDITOR.

BUT WE SAID THAT, BUT BECAUSE IT WAS A REPORT COMING AFTER ANOTHER REPORT OF A PREVIOUS COURT.

BUT THE GENERAL TREND IS A TREND OF INCREASE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL, ENRICHED AT A VERY, VERY HIGH LEVEL.

SO THE IRAN ISSUE IS A VERY COMPLEX ONE.

IT HAS MANY, MANY ASPECTS, NOT ONLY THE AMOUNT OF ENRICHED URANIUM, WHICH IS VERY IMPORTANT, BECAUSE THIS IS THE STUFF FROM WHICH NUCLEAR WEAPONS ARE MADE, OR AT LEAST ESSENTIALLY FOR THE EXPLOSIVE CAPACITY.

BUT THERE ARE OTHER THINGS THAT HAVE TO DO WITH THE CAPACITY THAT MY INSPECTORS HAVE TO HAVE A FULL VISIBILITY OF WHAT IS GOING ON THERE.

AND THIS IS WHAT I HAVE BEEN SAYING HAS BEEN STEADILY REDUCED.

WE AREN'T THERE.

I DON'T WANT TO MISLEAD YOU OR CONFUSE THE AUDIENCE.

THE IAEA IS THERE.

WE ARE INSPECTING, BUT WE'RE NOT INSPECTING AT THE LEVELS AND THE DEPTH WE SHOULD BE GIVEN THE NATURE OF THAT PROBLEM.

SO, YOU KNOW, I'M TELLING MY URA IRANIAN COUNTERPARTS, WE WANT TO REIGNITE THIS PROCESS.

DIPLOMACY IS INDISPENSABLE.

THE AGREEMENT THAT EXISTED, THE SO-CALLED JCPOA THAT HAD BEEN SIGNED IN 2015, IS, IN ESSENCE ABANDONED OR IT HASN'T BEEN DECLARED DEAD, BUT IT IS AN EMPTY SHELL AT THE MOMENT.

NOBODY IS FOLLOWING ITS PROVISIONS.

THERE IS NO DIPLOMACY.

THERE IS NO CONVERSATION.

AND YET AGAIN, THE IAEA IS THE ONLY LINK THAT PROVIDES SOME VISIBILITY WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE AND TRY TO BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER.

SO WE ARE WORRIED.

AT THE SAME TIME, WE ARE COOL-HEADED, AND WE ARE, YOU KNOW, PERSEVERING IN OUR DESIRE TO ENGAGE MORE DIPLOMATICALLY WITH IRAN.

THIS IS INDISPENSABLE.

>> DOES THAT MEAN THERE'S SOME POSSIBILITY IN YOUR MIND WE COULD GET BACK TO THAT JOINT AGREEMENT THAT WE HAD WITH IRAN?

>> I DON'T KNOW IF WE WILL -- I MEAN IT'S UP TO THE PARTIES.

I MEAN I'M NOT A PARTY TO THAT AGREEMENT.

I WAS THE INSPECTOR OF THAT AGREEMENT.

SO WE WERE INSPECTING WHAT THEY AGREED POLITICALLY.

SO I'M NOT AT THE POLITICAL TABLE.

I'M AT THE TECHNICAL TABLE.

AND THEY CAN GO BACK TO THAT OR HAVE SOMETHING ELSE.

EVERYTHING IS POSSIBLE.

ONE THING I SHOULD SAY, AND IT'S THAT THAT AGREEMENT BACK IN 2015 WAS PREDICATED UPON A CERTAIN NUMBER OF -- OR A CERTAIN TYPE OF TECHNOLOGIES AND CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES.

BUT THIS WAS TEN YEARS AGO.

SO 2024, 2025 ALMOST IS TEN YEARS AFTER THAT AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED.

SO IRAN HAS NOW MUCH FASTER, MORE EFFICIENT, MORE PERFORMING CENTRIFUGES.

IRAN HAS MORE FACILITIES PRODUCING THE PARTS OF THOSE.

IT'S DEVELOPING, CONSTRUCTING NEW SITES WHERE THE NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES ARE TAKING PLACE.

SO THAT AGREEMENT IS CLEARLY SUPERSEDED AT THIS POINT.

SO MAYBE FOR POLITICAL REASONS, THEY WILL CONTINUE TO SAY WE HAVE TO GO BACK TO THAT AGREEMENT.

OKAY.

FINE WITH US.

BUT THE REALITY IS THAT THE IRAN OF 2015 IS NOT THE IRAN OF 2024.

>> THE RMAIN ROLE OF YOUR AGENC IS AS INSPECTORS TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S HAPPENING THERE.

YOU SAY YOU'VE BEEN SUFFERING FROM A LACK OF TRANSPARENCY.

I WANT YOU TO READ A QUOTE AND HAVE YOU EXPLAIN IT.

YOU SAY, THE AGENCY HAS LOST CONTINUITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN RELATION TO IRAN'S PRODUCTION AND INVENTORY OF CENTRIFUGES, ROTORS, BELLOWS, HEAVY WATER, AND URANIUM ORE CONCENTRATE.

THAT SEEMS PRETTY BAD.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU PUSH THE IRANIANS AND SAY, WE HAVE TO HAVE MORE TRANSPARENCY.

>> WELL, THEY TELL US, YOU CANNOT SEE THAT BECAUSE THIS WAS PART OF THE JCPOA VERIFICATION MANDATES FOR PERMISSIONS THAT THE AGENCY USED TO HAVE.

SO JCPOA WAS ABANDONED.

HERE'S OUR RETALIATION.

YOU CANNOT DO THIS.

YOU CANNOT PERFORM THESE FUNCTIONS ANYMORE.

MY ARGUMENT IS A DIFFERENT ONE.

MY ARGUMENT IS THAT THE MORE WE CONTINUE IN THIS SITUATION WITH IRAN GROWING ITS CAPACITY, PRODUCING ALL THESE THINGS YOU MENTIONED, THE MORE DIFFICULT IT WILL BE IF ONE DAY -- AND WE HOPE THAT WILL BE THE CASE -- THE ACTORS THAT BE, THE POWERS THAT BE, WASHINGTON, LONDON, PARIS, MOSCOW, BEIJING, WERE TO GO BACK TO AN AGREEMENT.

THE FIRST THING THEY WOULD SAY IS, THEY WOULD SAY, MR. GROSSI, GO TO IRAN AND EL US EXACTLY WHAT THEY HAVE SO WE KNOW WHAT WE SHOULD CUT OR RESTRICT OR LIMIT, ISN'T IT?

IT'S A SIMPLE LOGIC.

AND AT THIS POINT WITH ALL THIS ACTIVITY THAT TAKES PLACE WITHOUT MY EYES AND EARS HAVING ACCESS TO THAT, HOW AM I GOING TO DO THAT?

AND THIS IS AN ARGUMENT THAT I ALSO USE, IF I CAN USE THE VERB, WITH MY IRANIAN COUNTERPARTS.

I SAY, LISTEN, YOU KEEP SAYING YOU WANT TO GO BACK TO AN AGREEMENT.

IF YOU KEEP NOT ALLOWING ME TO DO MY JOB NOW, THE DAY WHEN YOU WANT TO GO BACK, I WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SIGN ANYTHING ON THE DOTTED LINE.

THIS IS CLEAR.

I WOULD HAVE TO KNOW EXACTLY OTHERWISE INSTEAD OF AN AGREEMENT, YOU WILL HAVE AN ILLUSION OF AN AGREEMENT.

THIS IS WHY IT MAY BE A BIT TECHIE.

IT MAY SOUND A LITTLE BIT, BUT IT NEEDS TO BE CONCRETE.

WE NEED TO RESTORE THE CAPABILITIES NOW SO THAT WE CAN HAVE A MORE STABLE SITUATION IN THE FUTURE.

>> WELL, WAIT.

WHAT IF IRAN WON'T DO THAT?

WHAT CAN BE DONE?

>> IF IRAN DOES NOT DO THAT, WE WILL BE APPROACHING A POINT WHERE THE AGENCY WILL BE, OR I WILL HAVE TO SAY THAT I AM PREVENTED FROM GIVING THE CREDIBLE ASSURANCE THAT ARE NEEDED, THAT WE KNOW EXACTLY THAT THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM IS ENTIRELY IN PEACEFUL USES BECAUSE I WILL HAVE LOST VISIBILITY.

I WILL NOT DO THAT.

LET ME GIVE YOU A REFERENCE.

IN THE LATE 1980s, THAT HAPPENED IN IRAQ, WHERE THE AGENCY BELIEVED AND THE WORLD BELIEVED THAT EVERYTHING WAS CORRECT.

BUT MANY THINGS WERE HAPPENING WITHOUT THE INSPECTORS AND MY PREDECESSORS KNOWING IT.

WE LEARNED FROM THAT SAD EXPERIENCE WE DON'T WANT TO GO BACK TO THAT.

I DON'T THINK IT'S IN ANYONE'S INTEREST.

SO, YOU KNOW, SHUTTING INSPECTORS OUT, TELLING INSPECTORS GO AWAY IS NEVER, NEVER A GOOD IDEA.

>> I READ SOMEWHERE THAT IRAN HAS THE CAPABILITY, I THINK, OF CREATING WITH ITS PROGRAM 13 NUCLEAR WEAPONS, 7 WITHIN THE MONTH OF A BREAKOUT.

IN OTHER WORDS, IF THEY BREAK OUT AND DECIDE TO JUST GO FOR IT.

TELL ME HOW SOON DO YOU THINK IRAN COULD CREATE A NUCLEAR WEAPON?

>> AGAIN, LET ME BE OBJECTIVE.

YOU KNOW, SOME ANALYSTS CAN HAVE THE LUXURY OF SAYING THOSE THINGS.

FIRST OF ALL, IRAN DOES NOT HAVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS TODAY, AS WE SPEAK.

SO WE HAVE TO BE VERY OBJECTIVE HERE.

IRAN IS ACCUMULATING VAST AMOUNTS OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM, AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT, OF COURSE, DRAWS OUR ATTENTION BECAUSE NO OTHER COUNTRY, WITHOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS, IS ENRICHING AT THESE HIGH LEVELS.

ANOTHER POINT I WOULD DRAW ATTENTION TO IS THAT A NUCLEAR WEAPON REQUIRES MORE THAN HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM OR PLUTONIUM TO GO BANG, ALL RIGHT?

IT IS A COMPLEX SYSTEM THAT REQUIRES OTHER THINGS.

NORMALLY, THOSE PROCURING NUCLEAR WEAPONS TEST THEM LIKE THE NORTH KOREAN STATE.

SO THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS.

I SAY THIS BECAUSE IT IS, OF COURSE, CONCERNING.

WE ARE IN A TRAJECTORY THAT IS NOT GOOD.

WE HAVE TO PERSUADE IRAN TO COME BACK TO FULL COOPERATION WITH US.

BUT, OF COURSE, WE ARE NOT IN A SCENARIO THAT WE HAVE THE WEAPONS IN THAT COUNTRY.

>> I THINK THERE ARE ABOUT 413 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS OPERATING AROUND THE WORLD IN 31 COUNTRIES.

10% OF THE ENERGY OF THE WORLD AND MAYBE A VERY HIGH PERCENTAGE OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY.

HOW IMPORTANT DO YOU THINK IT IS THAT WE BUILD MORE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, AND WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO ENCOURAGE THAT?

>> IT'S INDISPENSABLE.

IT'S INDISPENSABLE.

THE INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS, AS AGREED IN THE LAST CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN DUBAI IN NOVEMBER, IS THAT NUCLEAR SHOULD BE ACCELERATED TOGETHER WITH RENEWABLES, CO2 FREE ENERGIES.

SO OUT OF THAT PROPORTION THAT YOU MENTIONED, WE SHOULD MENTION THAT 25% OF THE CLEAN ENERGY IN THE WORLD IS OF NUCLEAR ORIGIN RIGHT NOW.

SO THIS IS WHY WE ARE HAVING A NUCLEAR ENERGY SUMMIT IN BRUSSELS, WHERE LEADERS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE COMING BECAUSE THEY HAVE COME TO THE REALIZATION THAT IF YOU WANT TO GO TO NET ZERO OR TO A DECARBONIZED BY 2050 OR WHATEVER THAT MAY BE, WITHOUT NUCLEAR, IT WILL BE CLOSE TO IMPOSSIBLE.

SO THE IAEA IS THE INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM FOR COOPERATION.

WE ARE THE INSPECTORS THAT PREVENT THIS NUCLEAR MATERIAL FROM BEING USED FOR HOSTILE PURPOSES.

WE ARE ENSURING THAT THE ENERGY IS SAFE AND SECURE.

SO FOR US, IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT MOMENT.

THERE'S A TURNING POINT HERE THAT WE ARE SEEING, AND IN THIS SENSE, WE FEEL REALLY EXCITED.

>> CHINA IS EXPANDING INTEREST NUCLEAR ARSENAL AT A PACE WE HAVEN'T SEEN COUNTRIES DO FOR 30 OR 40 YEARS.

YOU RECENTLY MET WITH CHINESE OFFICIALS.

WHAT DID YOU SAY TO THEM, AND WHAT'S YOUR PROGNOSIS THERE?

>> WELL, CHINA IS ONE OF THE MOST, I WOULD SAY, DYNAMIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF INCREASING THE NUCLEAR SHARE, NUCLEAR ENERGY SHARE.

THEY HAVE 30-SOMETHING REACTORS, AND AS WE SPEAK, THEY ARE CONSTRUCTING MORE THAN 20 REACTORS.

THAT BEING SAID, THE PROPORTION, THE OVERALL PROPORTION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY MIX CONTINUES TO BE QUITE LOW.

I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE AS YOU KNOW, THE CHINESE ENERGY MIX IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON COAL AND OTHER CO2-HEAVY EMITTERS.

SO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE INCREASING THE NUCLEAR SHARE, IT IS FELT IT IS A VERY IMPORTANT THING.

IT'S LIKE IN INDIA, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU HAVE THE SAME SITUATION, BUT I THINK IT IS VERY POSITIVE.

BUT WE ARE SEEING MORE NUCLEAR HERE IN EUROPE MAYBE FOR SOME REASONS, MAYBE ENERGY SECURITY.

THE WAR IN UKRAINE IS MAKING COUNTRIES LOOK AT NUCLEAR ENERGY WITH RENEWED ENTHUSIASM.

WE SEE THAT THE UNITED STATES, WHERE IT'S AT A TIME WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY AND DIVIDE, IT ENJOYS BIPARTISAN SUPPORT NOW, NUCLEAR ENERGY, OR IN BIG COUNTRIES IN EUROPE, IN LATIN AMERICA, BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, SOUTH AFRICA, KOREA, JAPAN.

IN SPITE OF THE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE OF FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI ACCIDENT.

IT'S A PROMISING TIME FOR NUCLEAR, AND WE AS IAEA ARE PRESENT THERE TO MAKE SURE THAT IT HAPPENS UNDER THE BEST CONDITIONS.

>> BUT ONE OF THE CONCERNS ON CHINA IS NOT JUST THEIR ENERGY PROGRAM.

THEY'RE BUILDING AN ARSENAL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AT A PACE OF WHICH WE HAVEN'T SEEN IN DECADES.

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO STOP THAT?

AND JAKE SULLIVAN, OUR NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER, SAID HE WANTS NUCLEAR ARMS TALKS.

CAN YOU ALL PUSH FOR THAT?

>> WELL, I WOULD SAY THAT THE TWO THINGS ARE DIFFERENT, AND I WOULD ADVISE TO SEPARATE.

ONE THING IS THAT CHINA IS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY, PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY, AND SOME DIFFERENT IS WHAT IS HAPPENING IN TERMS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND WHAT THEY ARE DOING IN THAT REGARD.

I THINK THE SECOND LOGIC IS A LOGIC THAT HAS TO DO MORE WITH THE GEOSTRATEGIC TENSIONS THAN ANYTHING ELSE.

AND THERE I THINK WHAT WE SAID BEFORE ABOUT MORE DIPLOMACY, MORE DIALOGUE, APPLIES.

>> YOU WERE ASKED RECENTLY WHAT KEEPS YOU UP AT NIGHT, AND YOUR ANSWER SURPRISED ME.

IT WASN'T ABOUT ANY OF THE NUCLEAR PLANTS OR THE ARSENALS.

IT WAS THAT PEOPLE IN AFRICA CAN'T GET RADIATION THERAPY.

EXPLAIN THAT TO ME, AND WHAT ARE YOU ALL DOING?

>> THE OTHER SIDE, VERY IMPORTANT SIDE, VERY IMPORTANT SIDE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY IS EVERYTHING THAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE THE LIVES AND LIVELIHOODS OF PEOPLE.

AND OF COURSE WE HAVE ALL BEEN TOUCHED IN OUR FAMILIES AND OUR LIVES BY CANCER.

AS YOU KNOW, RADIO THERAPY IS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ANY THERAPY.

AND IN MANY COUNTRIES, THE AVAILABILITY OF RADIOTHERAPY IS ALMOST NONEXISTENT.

SO THE IAEA HAS LAUNCHED A PROGRAM CALLED RAISING HOPE WHERE WE ARE TRYING TO DO THAT, PUT NUCLEAR MEDICINE, RADIOTHERAPY AT THE DISPOSAL OF PEOPLE WHO NORMALLY DO NOT HAVE IT.

>> RAFAEL GROSSI, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> IT'S BEEN A GREAT PLEASURE.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>>> WELL, NEXT WE BRING YOU ANOTHER INSPIRING EXAMPLE OF HOPE AND STRENGTH AND GRIEF.

MILLIONS OF CHRISTIANS AROUND THE WORLD ARE OBSERVING GOOD FRIDAY TODAY.

IT'S A TIME FOR SOLEMN REFLECTION BEFORE THE CELEBRATION OF EASTER SUNDAY, A DAY OF HOPE.

AND THERE'S MUCH SPACE FOR REFLECTION THIS YEAR WITH WAR RAGING IN BOTH UKRAINE AND GAZA.

BUT THERE ARE BASTIONS OF HOPE TOO.

POPE FRANCIS HAS AGAIN APPEALED FOR PEACE, AND THIS WEEK THE PONTIFF MET WITH TWO MEN WHO HAVE FELT THE PAIN OF WAR ACUTELY.

BASSAM ARAMIN, A PALESTINIAN, A LOST.

SMADAR ELHANAN WAS KILLED IN A SUICIDE BOMB ATTACK IN 1997.

BUT INSTEAD OF TURNING TO HATE, THESE FATHERS BECAME FRIENDS AND HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR PEACE EVER SINCE.

POPE FRANCIS PRAISED THEM FOR LOOKING BEYOND THE ENMITY OF WAR.

AND SO WE WANT TO RETURN TO CHRISTIANE'S MOST RECENT CONVERSATION WITH BASSAM AND HIS FELLOW WAR FOR YOUR PEACE, ROBI DAMELIN.

ROBI'S SON WAS KILLED BY A PALESTINIAN SNIPER.

>> ROBI AND BASSAM, WELCOME.

WE SPOKE YOU TO SEVERAL YEARS AGO ABOUT THE TERRIBLE PAIN OF LOSING CHILDREN.

YOU'VE BOTH LOST CHILDREN, BUT YOU WERE ABLE TO SOMEHOW SHAPE THAT INTO A PATH TOWARDS HOPE AND PEACE.

ROBI, AFTER WHAT HAPPENED ON OCTOBER 7th, DO YOU STILL BELIEVE THAT?

>> OH, ABSOLUTELY.

OTHERWISE THERE'S NO REASON FOR ME TO DO THIS WORK.

EVEN MORE SO, IT IS ONE OF THE SADDEST TIMES THAT I'VE EVER EXPERIENCED, BUT THERE ARE POINTS OF LIGHT HERE.

DO YOU KNOW THAT A BED EWEN FROM AN UNKNOWN VILLAGE CAME TO THE RESCUE OF THOSE KIDS AT THE MUSIC CONCERT?

THERE ARE THINGS PEOPLE ARE NOT REPORTING THAT ARE SO HUMAN.

AND I KNOW THAT THERE ARE MANY, MANY MOTHERS WHO THOUGHT LIKE WE DID BEFORE THIS HAPPENED, AND WE NEED TO VISIT THEM AND GIVE THEM SOME SOLACE BECAUSE ONLY MOTHERS, I THINK, FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE, MOTHERS WHO HAVE LOST CHILDREN ARE THE ONLY ONES THAT REALLY UNDERSTOOD.

>> LET ME ASK BASSAM.

YOU'RE NOT A MOTHER.

YOU'RE A FATHER.

YOU LOST YOUR DAUGHTER TO ISRAELI RUBBER BULLETS OUTSIDE A SCHOOL.

DO YOU FEEL THE SAME WAY NOW, SEEING NOT ONLY WHAT HAPPENED ON OCTOBER 7th TO ISRAELIS BUT WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE OCCUPIED WEST BANK WHERE YOU ARE AND ESPECIALLY IN GAZA TO CIVILIANS RIGHT NOW?

>> UNFORTUNATELY THE CONFLICT DIDN'T START THREE WEEKS AGO ON THE 7th OF OCTOBER.

IT'S DECADES BEFORE, AND WE ALWAYS SAID ONE DAY IT WILL BLOW UP.

LET US MAKE PEACE NOW.

OTHERWISE, IT WILL BE A DISASTER.

AND WHO PAID THE PRICE ALWAYS, ALL THE TIME?

IT'S THE CIVILIANS.

SO IT'S REALLY A DISASTER.

BUT AS ROBI SAID, IT'S OUR MISSION.

IT'S THE TIME, EVEN THE DARKEST TIMES TO CONTINUE RAISING OUR VOICE FOR PEACE AND RECONCILIATION, TO SAVE THE CHILDREN OF GAZA, TO SAVE THE CHILDREN OF SDEROT, THE CIVILIANS.

THEY ARE BOTH CIVILIANS.

THEY ARE BOTH HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE FIGHTING, AND THEY NEED TO BE IN A SAFE PLACE TO LIVE TOGETHER.

>> YOUR VOICES ARE VERY RARE, ALTHOUGH I KNOW YOU SAID, ROBI, THERE ARE PLENTY OF PEOPLE WHO FEEL LIKE YOU AND BASSAM.

SHOCK, ANGER, REVENGE -- DO YOU THINK, ROBI, THAT THERE IS SPACE TO TRY TO FIND THE HUMANITY AGAIN?

AND I'M JUST GOING TO ASK YOU BECAUSE YOU TOLD "THE TIMES" NEWSPAPER IN JULY, I HAVE RECEIVED DEATH THREATS, MAINLY FROM ISRAELI SETTLERS, TELLING ME THAT I SHOULD BURN IN AUSCHWITZ AND THAT A PALESTINIAN SHOULD COME AND RAPE ME.

THIS IS, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE OF YOUR ACTIVITIES, YOUR CROSS-COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES.

OBVIOUSLY THIS WAS BEFORE OCTOBER 7th.

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, I JUST GOT UP BECAUSE THERE'S A SIREN AND THERE ARE ROCKETS OUTSIDE MY HOUSE.

AND THIS IS THE WAY WE ARE LIVING NOW, AND IT, OF COURSE, VERY FRIGHTENING.

AND I THINK FEAR IN MANY WAYS IS WHAT'S CREATING THIS HATRED.

BUT I DON'T SEE A TIME NOW TO GIVE UP.

THIS IS A TIME WHERE WE HAVE TO STAND UP AND DO WHATEVER WE CAN TO MAKE THE GOVERNMENT HAVE A CEASE-FIRE, TO BRING BACK ALL THE HOSTAGES.

CAN YOU IMAGINE IF YOU GREW UP IN GAZA AND EVERY TWO YEARS, THERE WOULD BE A WAR, AND THERE WOULD BE BOMBS, AND YOU WOULDN'T HAVE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, OR YOU LIVED IN THE WEST BANK, AND YOU ALSO DIDN'T HAVE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, BUT IT IS VERY TRAGIC AS WELL.

IF YOU GREW UP IN THAT ENVIRONMENT, IF YOU GREW UP IN ONE OF THE KIBBUTZ AND YOUR LIFE WAS CONSTANTLY BOMBARDED WITH ROCKETS?

SO WE CAN'T GO ON LIVING LIKE THIS.

WE HAVE TO FIND ANOTHER WAY.

AND PERHAPS THIS TERRIBLE, TERRIBLE WAR WILL END, AND PEOPLE WILL REALIZE THAT UNLESS WE TALK TO EACH OTHER, UNLESS WE FIND A WAY TO EXIST SIDE BY SIDE, WE DON'T HAVE TO FALL IN LOVE.

WE DON'T HAVE TO DO ANYTHING.

WE HAVE TO ALSO END THE OCCUPATION.

THAT IS KILLING THE MORAL FIBER OF MY COUNTRY.

I CANNOT WATCH THE SETTLERS BURNING VILLAGES AND THERE IS NO ACCOUNTABILITY.

I LOVE THIS COUNTRY.

IT DOESN'T ME BECAUSE I AM ABLE TO CRITICIZE THAT I DON'T LOVE ISRAEL.

I DO.

I'M TERRIFIED OF THE ANTI-SEMITISM THAT IS HAPPENING ALL OVER THE WORLD ON AMERICAN CAMPUSES.

>> BASSAM, I WANT TO ASK YOU A QUESTION BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY ISLAM PHOBIA IS INCREASING.

YOU JUST HEARD AN ISRAELI JEW TALK ABOUT THE EMPATHY OF ALL THE THINGS SHE OUTLINED.

DO YOU FEEL THAT SAME EMPATHY FOR ISRAELI PEOPLE WHO ARE THE CIVILIANS WHO ARE JUST LIVING THEIR LIVES AND THEN GOT CAUGHT UP IN THIS SLAUGHTER?

AND I ASK YOU THAT BECAUSE YOU, YOURSELF, ABANDONED THE ROLE OF SO-CALLED FREEDOM FIGHTER.

YOU WERE A MILITANT FREEDOM FIGHTER, WHATEVER YOU LIKE TO SAY, AND YOU ABANDONED THAT PATH.

>> NO, IN FACT, I DIDN'T ABANDON.

I'M STILL A FIGHTER, BUT IT'S A FIGHTER FOR PEACE.

I WAS IN JAIL FOR SEVEN YEARS.

WHEN I WAS 17 YEARS OLD.

BUT WHAT I WANT TO SAY IS THAT IT'S EXACTLY THE DUTY OF THE ISRAELIS THEMSELVES TO END THIS OCCUPATION BECAUSE THIS IS OUR COMMON ENEMY.

WHY WE ARE FIGHTING?

WHY WE ARE KILLING EACH OTHER?

WHY WE HATE EACH OTHER?

WE ARE A NORMAL PEOPLE, BECAUSE WE LIVE IN ABNORMAL SITUATION.

CHRISTIANE, SINCE THREE WEEKS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE LAST THREE WEEKS, JERICHO, WHICH IS THE QUIETER PLACE ON EARTH, UNDER A VERY HEAVY SIEGE.

THE SOLDIERS AROUND THE CHECKPOINTS, YOU CANNOT MOVE IN OR OUT.

THE OCCUPATION, AS ROBI SAID, IT'S NOT ONLY KILLING THE MORAL FIBER OF ISRAEL.

SO I CARE ABOUT THEM, OF COURSE.

WHY I CALL TO END THE OCCUPATION, NOT TO KILL THE ISRAELI PEOPLE BECAUSE I RECOGNIZE THE HUMANITY.

YOUR ENEMY IS DIRECTLY LIKE YOU, BUT WITHOUT OCCUPATION, WITHOUT OPPRESSION.

OPPRESSION CREATES RESISTANCE.

WE WANT TO LIVE IN A NORMAL PLACE, NORMAL SPACE.

ISRAELIS AND PALESTINIANS AND STOP BEING VICTIMS, BOTH SIDES, TO THE POLICY OF THE OTHERS.

STOP THE WAR.

GAZA, IT'S LIKE BECOME AS A GH GHETTO.

THERE'S NOWHERE TO ESCAPE.

THERE IS NO SAFE PLACE FOR THOSE KIDS.

ISRAEL SHOULD BE DIFFERENT THAN HAMAS.

ISRAEL IS A STATE.

YOU CANNOT SAY, I'M GOING TO TAKE VERY VENG.

YOU ARE NOT A GANG LEADER.

AT THE SAME TIME, YOU CAN SEE THE WEST BANK WITH THOSE VERY RADICAL FASCIST SETTLERS.

THEY CANNOT SEE US ON THE STREETS, SO THIS HAVE CONSEQUENCES.

I BELIEVE WHAT HAPPENED IS TERRIBLE.

AND ALWAYS I SAID, BECAUSE I HAVE A MASTER'S DEGREE ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST, SO I HAVE THE RIGHT TO TALK ABOUT THAT.

THIS IS MY HOPE, MY FAITH, THAT THE PALESTINIANS, THEY DIDN'T KILL 6 MILLION ISRAELIS.

AND THE ISRAELIS, THEY DIDN'T KILL 6 MILLION PALESTINIANS YET.

AND THERE IS A GERMAN AMBASSADOR IN TEL AVIV, BUT THERE IS AN ISRAELI AMBASSADOR IN BERLIN.

IT MEANS WE CAN DO IT.

WE JUST NEED A BRAVE LEADER, OR LEADERS, TO TAKE US TOWARDS THE FUTURE.

>> YEAH.

>> AND RELEASE US FROM THE ATROCITIES AND THE VERY PAINFUL PAST.

>> AMAZING.

THANK YOU BOTH SO MUCH AND THAT YOU BOTH REMAIN FRIENDS AND ALLIES IN THIS CAUSE IS INCREDIBLY INSPIRING TO ALL OF US.

BASSAM, ROBI, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>>> AND FINALLY FOR US, IT IS A BLOCKBUSTER TEXAS HOLD 'EM.

COUNTRY MUSIC GETS THE BEYONCÉ TREATMENT, AND AS THE MEGASTAR RELEASES HER NEW ALBUM "COWBOY CARTER," USING HER STAR POWER TO RECLAIM THE COUNTRY SOUND FOR BLACK ARTISTS, WHO HAVE HISTORICALLY BEEN OVERLOOKED IN THE GENRE.

REFERENCES ARE MADE THROUGHOUT THIS TROUBLED HISTORY.

SHE PAYS TRIBUTE TO THE CHITLIN CIRCUIT, THAT ALLOWED BLACK PERFORMERS IN THE JIM CROW SOUTH.

WHILE THE ARTIST SAYS THIS IS NOT A COUNTRY ALBUM, THIS IS A BEYONCÉ ALBUM, WE FEEL LIKE IT MIGHT BE JUST A LITTLE BIT OF BOTH.

TAKE A LISTEN TO HER TAKE ON DOLLY PARTON'S ICONIC JOLENE.

♪ ♪ JOLENE, JOLENE, JOLENE, JOLENE ♪ ♪ I'M WARNING YOU DON'T COME FOR MY MAN ♪ ♪ JOLENE, JOLENE, JOLENE, JOLENE ♪ >> AND THAT'S IT FOR OUR PROGRAM TONIGHT.

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THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING "AMANPOUR & CO." ON PBS.

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