>> Braude: TONIGHT ON "GREATER BOSTON": INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS EXPERT TOM NICHOLS JOINS ME ON WHY HE'S WORRIED THE WORST IS YET TO COME FOR UKRAINIANS, AND FOR THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE, AND HOW DOES THIS EVER END?

THEN, LATER, THE CHIEF INVESTIGATOR OF A NEW BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S STUDY INTO LONG COVID, ALONG WITH A PATIENT WHO'S BEEN LIVING WITH DEBILITATING SYMPTOMS FOR NEARLY A YEAR AND A HALF AFTER SHE CONTRACTED THE VIRUS.

AND, FINALLY, "BOSTON GLOBE" C.E.O.

LINDA PIZUTTI HENRY ON THE PAPER'S 150th ANNIVERSARY, PLUS HER ROLE IN A $75 MILLION INVESTMENT IN THE WNBA, THE MOST EVER PUT TOWARD A WOMEN'S SPORTS LEAGUE.

♪♪ >> Braude: THROUGH TALKS OF SANCTIONS AND OIL PRICES AND THE ECONOMIC BURDEN THE REST OF THE WORLD IS WILLING TO BEAR AND THE SAD BUT ORDERLY SCENES SO MANY OF US HAVE SEEN OF UKRAINIAN REFUGEES LEAVING FOR OTHER COUNTRIES, THE "NEW YORK TIMES" IS FORCING US TO CONFRONT THE HUMAN TOLL OF RUSSIA'S INVASION, WITH A GRAPHIC PHOTO ON TODAY'S FRONT PAGE SHOWING A FAMILY MOMENTS AFTER THEY WERE HIT BY A MARTYR, KILLING THE MOTHER AND TWO KIDS AND WOUNDING THE MAN, WHO ALSO LATER DIED.

THEY'D BEEN TRYING TO FLEE THE TOWN OF IRPIN, WEST OF KYIV, WHERE THE MAYOR SAYS RUSSIANS HAVE BEEN INTENTIONALLY TARGETING CIVILIANS, AS THEY HAVE BEEN ELSEWHERE ACROSS UKRAINE.

IT'S A LEVEL OF CRUELTY THAT'S HARD TO WRAP YOUR HEAD AROUND.

AS INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS EXPERT TOM NICHOLS RECENTLY WROTE IN "THE ATLANTIC": "NIGHT AFTER NIGHT I FIND MYSELF STARING AT THE TELEVISION, ALMOST PARALYZED WITH ANGER AND GRIEF.

RUSSIAN PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN, AFTER A CATASTROPHIC STRATEGIC MISCALCULATION, IS NOW EMBROILED IN PERHAPS THE GREATEST MILITARY BLUNDER IN MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY."

AND FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN REWRITING THE HISTORY THAT LED TO ALL OF THIS, NICHOLS ISN'T HAVING IT, AS HE PROVED ON MSNBC LAST NIGHT, AFTER A FELLOW GUEST DEFENDED DONALD TRUMP'S UKRAINE POLICY AND CLAIMED THE FORMER PRESIDENT HAD BEEN TOUGH ON RUSSIA.

>> I CAN'T LET IT STAND TO SAY THAT TRUMP WAS SOMEHOW TOUGH ON RUSSIA HERE.

THERE HAS TO BE A CORRECTION INVOLVED BECAUSE THE POLICIES OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WERE TOUGH ON RUSSIA, PUT IN PLACE UNDER BUSH AND OBAMA.

TRUMP WAS IMPEACHED SPECIFICALLY BECAUSE HE WAS TRYING TO GET OTHER PEOPLE TO BREAK THE LAW TO UNDERMINE THOSE EXISTING POLICIES BECAUSE HE DIDN'T WANT TO BE PERCEIVED AS ROLLING BACK THOSE POLICIES.

I JUST -- I HAVE TO MAKE THAT CORRECTION.

>> Braude: I'M GLAD HE DID AND THAT HE JOINS ME NOW.

NOW.

TOM NICHOLS IS A REGULAR CONTRIBUTOR TO "THE ATLANTIC," AND THE AUTHOR OF ITS PEACEFIELD NEWSLETTER.

>> Braude: TOM, IT'S GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> YOU, TOO, JIM.

>> Braude: ON YOUR TWITTER ACCOUNT I READ ESSENTIALLY THAT THE WORST IS YET TO COME FOR UKRAINE, BUT THE RUSSIANS WILL LOSE THE WAR.

COULD YOU EXPLAIN BOTH?

>> WELL, THE INITIAL PLAN -- THE INITIAL RUSSIAN WAR PLAN HAS GONE COMPLETELY TO HELL.

THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO SWEEP IN AND HAVE THIS THING BE DONE, AND BE LIBERATERS, AND REPLACE THE GOVERNMENT.

ALL WITHIN 10 DAYS.

THAT HISTORY COMPLETELY UNRAVELED.

SO THEY'RE GOING TO FLATTEN EVERYTHING IN SIGHT, TO LEVEL BUILDINGS, AND TO KILL CIVILIANS.

IN THE END, PUTIN EITHER HAS TO OCCUPY THIS COUNTRY FOREVER, WHICH HE CAN'T DO, OR HE HAS GOT TO ACCEPT SOME KIND OF OUTCOME WHERE HE IS GOING TO END UP HAVING TO WITHDRAW WITHOUT COMPLETELY SUBJUGATING UKRAINE.

SO EVEN IF HE WINS AND THE SHORT-TERM, HE LOSES.

AND I THINK THIS HAS BEEN A DISASTEROUS MISCALCULATION FOR RUSSIA THAT IS GOING TO COST RUSSIA YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICALLY, AS WELL AS MILITARILY.

>> Braude: I WANT TO RETURN TO THAT IN A MOMENT.

YOU WROTE IN THE ATLANTIC, LOOKING AT YOUR WIFE, AS TEARS WERE ROLLING IN YOUR EYES AND YOU SAID YOU FELT HOPELESS.

AND I HAVE EXPERIENCED THAT, TOO.

BUT YOU GO ON TO SAY THAT THE WORST THING WE COULD DO, BEING THE U.S. OR NATO, IS TO GET DIRECTLY INVOLVED.

AND YOUR REASONING GOES BEYOND THE CONVENTIONAL REASONING THAT IT MEANS WORLD WAR III.

WHY WOULD BE A HORRIBLE MISTAKE, ACCORDING TO YOU, TOM?

>> BECAUSE RIGHT NOW THE ONLY THING THAT COULD SAVE PUTIN IS A NATO INTERVENTION.

HIS PEOPLE ARE AGAINST IT.

THE WORLD IS AGAINST HIM.

AND I THINK IN SOME WAYS, IF THE MAN IS CAPABLE OF PRAYING AT ALL, HE IS PRAYING FOR A NATO INTERVENTION, BECAUSE THEN HE COULD RALLY HIS COUNTRY, RALLY HIS MILITARY, AND FIGHT THE WAR HIS MILITARY HAS BEEN PREPARING TO FIGHT FOR DECADES, AND BE ABLE TO TURN TO THE WORLD AND SAY, SEE, THIS REALLY WAS ABOUT NATO.

THIS REALLY IS ABOUT RUSSIAN SECURITY.

WHEN, IN FACT, IT IS NOT ABOUT ANY OF THOSE THINGS.

IT IS ABOUT HIM TRYING TO CRUSH A DEMOCRACY OF 40 MILLION WHO ARE TOO CLOSE TO HIS BORDER.

>> Braude: EVEN IF YOUR ANALYSIS IS RIGHT, AND ALL OF THE NATIONS IN NATO AGREE, IT IS A HORRIBLE MISTAKE, IF THE ATROCITIES PILE UP, AS THEY ALREADY ARE, AND/OR ZELENSKYY IS DISPOSED, IS THIS A DIRECT INTERVENTION AND HEAVEN -- >> FOR NATO TO INTERVENE, IT WOULD TAKE ABOUT 30 NATIONS, AND I DON'T THINK THAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN.

>> Braude: HOW ABOUT US?

>> I THINK THE UNITED STATES GOING IN WITHOUT NATO IS HIGHLY UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN.

PRESIDENT BIDEN JUST SPENT A LOT OF POLITICAL CAPITAL TO GET US OUT OF AFGHANISTAN.

AS I SAY IN THE PIECE, IT IS TO OUR SHAME, BUT THE UNITED STATES HAS MANAGED TO SIT BY AND WATCH A LOT OF HUMANITARIAN DISASTERS.

WE DOESN'T INTERVENE WHEN NEARLY A MILLION PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN RWANDA.

WE ARE STILL STANDING BY, EVEN THOUGH THE DEATH TOLL IN SYRIA HAS NOW REACHED SOMETHING LIKE 600,000 -- >> Braude: BUT WE DIDN'T ALL SIT HOME AND WATCH THAT ON TELEVISION AND SEE EVERY FAMILY EITHER SLAUGHTERED OR INTERVIEWED OR STOPPED FROM CROSSING THE BORDER.

ISN'T THAT A DIFFERENT DYNAMIC IN 2022?

>> IT MIGHT BE.

YOU KNOW, THE POWER OF IMAGES CAN ROUSE PEOPLE TO GREAT ANGER.

AND I FEEL THAT ANGER.

AND, YOU KNOW, THIS IS A -- KYIV IS A PLACE I'VE BEEN.

I'VE BEEN TO ODESSA AND MANY OT OTHER PLACES IN UKRAINE.

AND I'M ALSO AN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN.

I'M WATCHING A FRATERNAL BLOOD BATH BETWEEN PEOPLE OF MY OWN RELIGION.

BUT AS I SAY IN THE PIECE, I JUST DON'T THINK EMOTION IS A GOOD GUIDE TO POLICY.

I THINK IF WE WADE INTO THIS, IT SAVES PUTIN IN THE LONG RUN, AND LET US NOT IGNORE THE PROBLEM YOU MENTIONED EARLIER, JIM, IS THAT IT COULD TURN INTO A GENERAL EUROPEAN WAR AND PERHAPS EVEN A WORLD WAR.

>> Braude: HERE IS PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY SPEAKING ON SUNDAY IN A TWITTER VIDEO, SPEAKING TO INTERNATIONAL LEADERS.

HERE HE IS.

[Speaking foreign language] >> IT IS THEIR HUMANITARIAN DUTY TO PROTECT US, TO PROTECT CIVILIANS.

AND YOU CAN DO IT.

IF YOU DON'T DO IT, IF YOU DON'T AT LEAST GIVE US AIRPLANES SO WE CAN DEFEND OURSELVES, THE ONLY THING YOU CAN THINK IS YOU ALSO WANT US TO BE KILLED SLOWLY.

>> Braude: AND WE APPEAR TO BE GIVING HIM AIRPLANES INDIRECTLY.

APPARENTLY IT IS IN THE WORKS IF POLAND WILL PROVIDE THE UKRAINIAN FORCES WITH AIRPLANES, WE WILL BACK-FILL THAT, I GUESS IS THE THEORY.

WHY IS THAT LESS TO BE RECOGNIZED BY PUTIN AS A DIRECT INVOLVEMENT FROM THE UNITED STATES THAN A DIRECT INVOLVEMENT IS, IF HE CLUES TO CALL IT THAT?

>> FIRST, I DON'T CRITICIZES ZELENSKYYCRITICIZE ZELENSKYY FOR TRYING TO GET ALL OF THE HELP HE CAN GET.

BUT THERE ARE DIFFERENCES.

UKRAINIAN PILOTS FLYING MISSIONS, JUST LIKE UKRAINIAN SOLDIERS USING JAVELINS ARE STINGERS IS DIFFERENT THAN FIGHTING AGAINST THE RUSSIAN MILITARY.

WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THINGS LIKE A NO-FLY ZONE, I THINK AMERICANS HAVE COME TO BELIEVE THAT TERMS LIKE THIS ARE MAGIC.

MOST OF THE KILLING THAT IS BEING DONE IS BEING DONE BY RUSSIAN GROUND UNITS, NOT FROM THE AIR.

IF YOU PUT IN IN NO-FLY ZONE, YOU'RE GOING TO ATTEMPT TO DO A KIND OF LIBYA OPERATION, BECAUSE YOU STRIKE TARGETS ON THE GROUND.

PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW WHAT THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT, WHAT THEY'RE EMBRACING.

IF YOU WANT TO ENGAGE IN DIRECT MILITARY ACTION WITH THE UNITED STATES AND NATO AGAINST RUSSIAN FORCES, THEN YOU NEED TO SAY SO.

TERMS LIKE "NO-FLY ZONE" ARE COMFORTLY EUPHEMISMS THAT REALLY MEAN WAR.

AND THE ONLY THING THAT WILL SAVE UKRAINIANS IS DESTROYING THOSE UNITS ON THE GROUND.

AND THINK ABOUT WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THAT IF IT IS OTHER NATIONS RATHER THAN THE UKRAINIANS DOING THAT WITH BEING GIVEN THE TOOLS.

>> Braude: SO YOU THINK THE SLAUGHTER CONTINUES, AND AT SOME POINT WHEN PUTIN REALIZES HE CAN'T HOLD THIS COUNTRY HE SLINKS HOME AND THAT IS HOW THIS ENDS?

>> HE IS NOT GOING TO SLINK HOME.

HE WILL LEAVE FORCES IN PLACE.

WE'LL HAVE CHUNKS OF UKRAINE LIKE THE DONBAS.

BUT THE THOUGHT OF SWEEPING IN AND REPLACING THE GOVERNMENT, AND MAKING UKRAINE SOME SORT OF MEMBER OF A RUSSIAN FEDERATION, WHICH WAS THE PLAN, ISN'T GOING TO HAPPEN.

AND SOMEONE IS PROBABLY TELLING PUTIN THAT RIGHT ABOUT NOW.

>> Braude: INCLUDING YOU.

TOM NICHOLS, THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.

I REALLY APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Braude: FOR ALMOST AS LONG AS WE'VE KNOWN ABOUT COVID, WE'VE ALSO KNOWN ABOUT LONG COVID, SYMPTOMS THAT LAST FOR WEEKS, MONTHS, OR EVEN YEARS AFTER THE INITIAL INFECTION.

AND YET TWO YEARS INTO THE PANDEMIC, THERE ARE STILL FAR MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS ABOUT THE CONDITION.

LAST WEEK VIRGINIA SENATOR TIM KAINE BECAME THE PUBLIC FACE OF LONG COVID , REVEALING HE'S SUFFERED FROM SYMPTOMS SINCE HIS DIAGNOSIS NEARLY TWO YEARS AGO.

>> I HAVE LINGERING NERVE TINGLING 24/7 ALL OVER MY BODY.

I TELL PEOPLE IT FEELS LIKE ALL OF MY NERVES HAVE HAD JUST, LIKE, FIVE CUPS OF COFFEE AND THEY'RE JUST, LIKE, READY TO GO.

IT KICKED IN AT THE START OF COVID AND IT'S NEVER GONE AWAY.

>> Braude: RESEARCH HAS FOUND ANYWHERE FROM 5% TO 50% OF COVID SURVIVORS WILL STILL HAVE LINGERING SYMPTOMS SIX MONTHS LATER, MEANING SOMEWHERE BETWEEN FOUR- AND 40 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE U.S., WITH SYMPTOMS RANGING FROM "BRAIN FOG" AND CONFUSION TO DEBILITATING FATIGUE, LUNG ISSUES, HEART PROBLEMS, AND MORE.

LAST MONTH THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH LAUNCHED 15 DIFFERENT COLLABORATIONS AIMED AT STUDYING LONG COVID, INCLUDING ONE HERE IN BOSTON, WHERE A CONSORTIUM OF SIX HOSPITALS, LED BY BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S, HAS STARTED RECRUITING PATIENTS FOR A THREE-YEAR PROJECT.

AMONG THOSE PATIENTS IS CASSANDRA CAST, WHO JOINS ME NOW, ALONG WITH DR. BRUCE LEVY, CHIEF OF BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S PULMONARY DIVISION AND THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR OF THIS BOSTON STUDY.

>> Braude: WELCOME TO BOTH OF YOU.

THANKSTHANKS FOR BEING HERE.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> Doctor: THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> Braude: DOCTOR, WHAT IS THE GOAL?

TREATMENT?

PREVENTION?

>> AS YOU MENTIONED RIGHT OFF THE TOP, THERE IS STILL A LOT OF UNANSWERED QUESTIONS, AND SO WE NEED TO ADDRESS THOSE.

AND THE INITIAL PURPOSE OF THE RECOVER INITIATIVE IS TO START TO ADDRESS SOME OF THOSE AND GET SOME ANSWERS.

WHAT IS THE FULL CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF LONG COVID?

WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING IT?

AND GETTING SOME INSIGHTS INTO THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM THAT IS CAUSING PEOPLE SO MUCH SUFFERING.

THE IDEA THEN WOULD BE TO QUICKLY FOLLOW UP WITH TARGETED, RATIONAL, THERAPEUTIC TRIALS OF NEW TREATMENTS, NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES.

BUT FIRST IT IS MOSTLY AN OBSERVEOBSERVATIONAL STUDY NOW.

>> Braude: HOW DO YOU PROPOSE TO DO THAT?

>> Doctor: THAT IS ABSOLUTELY RIGHT.

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO US HERE IN BOSTON AND NATIONALLY THAT WE HAVE A REPRESENTATIVE COHORT OF ALL THOSE WHO HAVE SUFFERED SO MUCH FROM THE ACUTE INFECTION FROM COVID, AND THAT, OF COURSE, DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED OUR COMMUNITIES OF COLOR, BLACK AND BROWN COMMUNITIES.

WE HAVE COMMUNITY-BASED EFFORTS AND WE'RE PARTNERING WITH THE COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS TO DEVELOP A COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP TABLE SO WE CAN HAVE BY-DIRECTIONAL EDUCATION, SO WE CAN LEARN AND WE CAN BRING EDUCATION TO THE COMMUNITY.

OUR GOAL IS ACTUALLY OVERREPRESENTING THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, THE COHORT, THAT WE HAVE HERE IN BOSTON, WITH BLACK, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, HISPANIC INDIVIDUALS.

>> Braude: CASSANDRA, MY UNDERSTANDING IS YOU GO TO YOUR FATHER'S FUNERAL IN 2020, AND THE NEXT COUPLE OF MONTHS YOU'RE ON A VENTILATOR FOR A SIGNIFICANT PERIODED OF SIGNIFICANT PERIOD OF TIME, AND YOU KIDNEY FAILURE, BUT YOU REMEMBER NONE OF THAT?

IS THAT CORRECT?

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

I REMEMBER MY FATHER.

AND THEN THE DATE OF NOVEMBER 13th STANDS OUT, AND I DIDN'T COME HOME UNTIL DECEMBER 21st, AND I REMEMBER NOTHING IN BETWEEN.

>> Braude: SO FROM NOVEMBER 13th, TO TODAY, HOWEVER MANY MONTHS, A 15 MONTHS, WHAT HAVE YOU SUFFERED FROM?

>> I SUFFERED FROM SEVERE FATIGUE, THERE IS A LOT OF BRAIN FOG.

AND I STILL HAVE MOTION STIFFNESS IN MY RIGHT ARM.

I DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS FROM POSITIONING OR THE AFFECTS OF COVID.

WHEN I FIRST CAME HOME, I COULD NOT WALK BECAUSE I HAD BEEN SEDATED FOR SO LONG.

IT AFFECTS MY EVERYDAY LIFE.

I CAN'T DO A LOT OF THE THINGS THAT I GENERALLY DO.

AND IT IS VERY HARD, AND I'M SO EXCITED TO BE A PART OF THIS STUDY BECAUSE IT IS SO IMPORTANT.

PEOPLE THINK THAT YOU JUST KIND OF MAKE IT UP, BUT YOU DON'T HAVE A CHOICE.

THERE ARE THINGS THAT YOU CAN'T -- I LITERALLY SIMPLY DOING LAUNDRY TAKES ALL OF MY BREATH.

>> Braude: CASSANDRA, WERE YOU A PRETTY HEALTHY PERSON BEFORE YOUR FATHER'S FUNERAL?

BEFORE YOU CONTRACTED COVID?

>> YES.

>> Braude: YOU WERE?

>> YES.

>> Braude: DOCTOR, YOU MENTIONED AT THE TOP HOW LITTLE WE KNOW AND HOW MUCH WE STILL NEED TO KNOW, FOR STARTERS, WHAT IS LONG COVID?

>> Doctor: IT IS REALLY A TERM MEANT TO CAPTURE THE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING HAD THE INFECTION.

WE THINK ANYTHING BEFORE 30 DAYS IS STILL TOO CLOSELY TIED TO THE CURRENT INFECTION.

SO LONG COVID WOULD BEGIN 30 DAYS AFTER THE DIAGNOSIS OF AN INFECTION.

IF PEOPLE HAPPEN TO HAVE SYMPTOMS OR DISABILITY, AS MS.

CAST HAD, AFTER 30 DAYS, WE KNOW THAT MANY PEOPLE SUFFER FOR MONTHS, AND NOW EVEN FOR YEARS, WITH PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS.

BUT LONG COVID IS MEANT TO CAPTURE SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS THAT SHOULD HAVE GONE AWAY AND HAVEN'T.

>> Braude: ARE YOU MORE LIKELY TO GET LONG COVID IF YOUR UNVACCINATED THAN VACCINATED?

>> Doctor: THERE IS SOME REALLY INTERESTING DATA THAT IS COMING OUT, INCLUDING DATA THAT JUST CAME UT IN THE LAST COUPLE OF WEEKS ABOUT RISK FACTORS.

WE'RE STILL LEARNING, AND WHAT I'M ABOUT TO SHARE WITH YOU NEEDS TO BE REB REPLICATED.

ONE OF THE RISK FACTORS IS RELATED TO THE EXTENT OF THE INFECTION.

SO VACCINATED PEOPLE DON'T HAVE AS SEVERE OF AN INFECTION.

SO THAT IS ONE POSSIBLE WAY PEOPLE CAN TRY TO PREVENT GETTING LONG COVID.

THE OTHER IS THE PRESENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES.

IT APPEARS THAT FOR SOME REASON THAT IS PRESENTING ITSELF AS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LONG COVID.

THE THIRD IS ACTUALLY AT THE TIME OF DIAGNOSIS WITH COVID, TO ACTUALLY HAVE CIRCULATING LEVELS OF THE E.P.V., THE EPSTEIN BAR VIRUS.

AND ONE OF THE SYMPTOMS OF MONO IS EXTREME FATIGUE.

AND WHY THE COVID VIRUS REACTIVATES THE MONO VIRUS NEEDS TO BE RESEARCHED.

>> Braude: CASSANDRA CAST, YOU DESCRIBED THE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS.

HAVE THERE BEEN PERIODS DURING THESE 15 MONTHS, WHATEVER IT IS, WHERE YOU HAVE LOST HOPE OF EVER COMING OUT THE OTHER SIDE OF THIS?

>> YEAH.

IT IS VERY HARD BECAUSE THIS IS NOT WHO I AM.

AND WHEN YOU CAN'T DO SIMPLE THINGS AROUND YOUR OWN HOME, IT CAN BE VERY, VERY HEART-WRENCHING AND DEPRESSING, ALSO.

>> Braude: AND YOU SAID BEFORE HOW GLAD YOU ARE TO BE PART OF THIS STUDY.

IS THIS WHAT YOU'RE HANGING YOUR HOPE ON, THAT THERE IS ANOTHER HEALTHIER, SAFER, HAPPIER LIFE FOR YOU?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

I JUST HAVE TO BELIEVE THAT I'M HERE FOR A REASON.

AND I WANT THEM TO ASK AS MANY QUESTIONS AND STUDY AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BECAUSE IT'S HEART-WRENCHING WHEN YOU CAN'T WALK FROM YOUR KITCHEN TO YOUR LIVING ROOM.

AND THIS STUDY, HOPEFULLY, WILL REALLY SHOW WHY AND HOW AND HOW TO CHANGE THAT.

AND I'M REALLY GLAD TO BE A WOMAN OF COLOR FOR THAT DIVERSE POPULATION.

>> Braude: I HOPE IT IS AS SUCCESSFUL AS YOU HOPE, CASSANDRA CAST, FOR YOU AND MILLIONS OF OTHERS.

AND BRUCE LEVY, THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Braude: EXACTLY 150 YEARS AGO THIS PAST FRIDAY, A BOSTON INSTITUTION WAS BORN.

"THE BOSTON GLOBE" PRINTED ITS FIRST EDITION ON MARCH 4th, 1872.

FOR THE PAST EIGHT-PLUS YEARS, THE PAPER HAS BEEN UNDER THE OWNERSHIP OF JOHN HENRY, WHO ALSO RUNS ANOTHER INSTITUTION IN TOWN.

THEN IN 2020, LINDA PIZUTTI HENRY MADE HISTORY WHEN SHE BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN TO EVER RUN THE NEWSPAPER.

AND AS OF LAST MONTH, SHE'S ALSO CONTRIBUTING TO THE LARGEST-EVER INVESTMENT IN A WOMEN'S SPORTS LEAGUE: $75 MILLION FOR THE WNBA.

"BOSTON GLOBE" C.E.O.

LINDA PIZUTTI HENRY JOINS ME NOW.

>> Braude: HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, BY THE WAY?

>> THANK YOU.

>> Braude: DID YOU LEARN ANYTHING ABOUT THE GLOBE THAT YOU DIDN'T KNOW BOROUGH THE PREPARATION OF THE 150th ANNIVERSARY THAT REALLY STUCK WITH YOU?

>> THERE WAS A LOT.

OUR CENTENNIAL THAT WE STARTED WORKING ON A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO, AND WE THOUGHT IT WAS A REALLY GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO TELL OUR STORY, AND REINTRODUCE, CELEBRATE WHERE WE COME FROM AND WHERE WE HAVE COME.

AND WE DUG UP SOME OF THE SOLD CROSSWORD PUZZLES -- >> Braude: I REALLY DID TRY THOSE.

>> AND THE ROLE THAT THE GLOBE PLAYED WAS REALLY NICE, THE RES SPIES, THE FIX-IT, AND THE LOVE LETTERS, THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN A PART OF OUR COMMUNITY FOR SO LONG.

IT WAS REALLY FUN TO DIG THROUGH.

>> Braude: IT ISN'T LIKE YOU'RE RUNNING JUST A NEWSPAPER, BUT YOU'RE RUNNING SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN CENTRAL TO THE LIVES OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE FOR 150 YEARS.

DOES THAT DO ANYTHING FOR YOU?

>> I FEEL REALLY LUCKY.

I THINK WHEN YOU'RE RUNNING AN ORGANIZATION, THERE IS THIS NATURAL TENSION BETWEEN DOING WHAT YOU DO REALLY WELL EVERY DAY AND ALSO PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE.

AND WE DO A LOT OF BOTH.

AND SOMETIMES WE'LL MANAGE ONE A LITTLE BETTER THAN THE OTHER, BUT WE'RE REALLY FOCUSED ON HOW DO WE TAKE THIS INCREDIBLE LEGACY THAT WE HAVE AND HOW TO BE THIS MODERN, MULTIMEDIA ORGANIZATION -- >> Braude: MY FOCUS IS USUALLY WHAT AM I GOING TO HAVE FOR LUNCH.

[LAUGHTER] >> Braude: SINCE YOU TOOK OVER, BEYOND THE INCREDIBLE REPORTING EVERY DAY WITH BRIAN McRO McRORY AND THE REPORTERS, AND THE STATS ON MEDICINE AND HEALTH STUFF, AND THE EMANCIPATOR, WHICH TENDS TO REFRAME THE WHOLE DISCUSSION ABOUT RACIAL EQUITY IN THIS COUNTRY, IS THERE ANYTHING ON THE IMMEDIATE HORIZON?

ANOTHER EXPANSION OR NEWS THING YOU CAN TELL US ABOUT?

>> STAT NEWS, AND OUR LIFE SCIENCES, THERE WAS THIS IDEA OF HOW DO WE SHOW WHAT IS BEST?

WHAT ARE WE IN THIS REGION BEST AT, THAT THE CENTER OF THE NEWS SHOULD COME OUT OF?

AND THAT IS LIFE SCIENCES.

THAT HAS TAKEN US A NUMBER OF YEARS, BUT WE BUILT UP THIS INCREDIBLY STRONG, TRUSTED NEWS ORGANIZATION.

AND WE'RE LOOKING AT WHAT IS NEXT NOW.

WE'VE BEEN DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH, AND WE WILL HOPEFULLY BE GETTING MORE HEAVILY KNOWLEDGEABLE TO GO INTO THE WEB SPACE AND WE'LL SEE WHERE THAT GOES.

WE HAVE SMART TEAMS THAT ARE WORKING ON THAT NOW.

>> Braude: WHY DO YOU WANT TO RUN A NEWSPAPER?

YOU HAVE A REAL ESTATE BACKGROUND.

YOU'RE A LYNN LYNNFIELD KID.

WHY DO YOU WANT TO RUN THIS NEWSPAPER?

>> THERE ARE A LOT OF PROJECTS THAT HELP MAKE THIS A BETTER PLACE, TO HELP PEOPLE WORK BETTER AND THRIVE.

AND TO HAVE A MOST STRONG, TRUSTED NEWS ORGANIZATION FOR THIS COMMUNITY -- THAT HELPS EVERYTHING ELSE THAT YOU CARE ABOUT BEING SUCCESSFUL IN THIS CITY.

>> Braude: THIS HAS BEEN A MISERABLE COUPLE OF DECADES FOR A NEWSPAPER -- I DON'T MEAN IN LIFE GENERALLY, BUT FOR NEWSPAPERS, SHRINKING AD REVENUES, SHRINKING STAFF -- >> I DO.

>> Braude: HOW HEALTHY IS THE GLOBE IN 2022?

>> I'M REALLY PROUD.

IT HAS TAKEN US A LOT OF REALLY, REALLY HARD WORK, BUT WIRE THRIVING.

>> Braude: DO YOU MAKE MONEY?

>> WE DO.

AND WE INVESTING IT INTO OUR NEWSROOMS.

WE'RE ADDING NEW BEATS, DEEPER COVERAGE.

WE HAVE REBUILT THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION, FROM OUR PRINTING FACILITIES TO OUR OFFICES TO OUR WHOLE TECHNOLOGY STAFF TO OUR SECURITY -- EVERY ASPECT WE HAVE POURED MONEY IN TO REALLY INVEST AND MAKE IT A STRONG, STABLE ORGANIZATION FOR MANY DECADES TO COME.

>> Braude: SPEAKING OF POURING MONEY INTO, YOU'RE PART OF THE $75 MILLION INVESTMENT -- I THINK IT IS THE LARGEST EVER -- INTO A WOMEN'S SUPPORT.

I WANT TO ASK YOU -- I READ, I THINK IN YOUR PAPER, THAT AT LEAST PART OF THE IMPETUS FOR THIS WAS A QUESTION YOUR THEN 6-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER ASKED YOU, WHICH WAS: ARE GIRLS ALLOWED TO PLAY BASKETBALL.

IS THAT TRUE?

>> THAT'S TRUE.

BUT IT WAS IF GIRLS WERE ALLOWED TO PLAY BASEBALL.

WE WERE AT FENWAY, AND THERE WAS THIS HORRIBLE -- FIRST OF ALL, I WAS, LIKE, THAT IS A DUMB QUESTION.

AND THEN I REALIZED IT WAS BECAUSE SHE HAD NEVER SEEN WOMEN PLAY SPORTS.

SHE HAD SEEN A LOT OF BASEBALL AND SOCCER, AND SHE HAD NEVER SEEN WOMEN DOING ANYTHING.

SO IT WAS SORT OF WHEN I REALIZED HOW MUCH REPRESENTATION MATTERS.

>> Braude: DID SHE EVER ASK YOU IF WOMEN CAN RUN A NEWSPAPER?

>> NO.

SHE SEES THAT.

>> Braude: I'VE READ -- I HAVE TRIED TO READ WHATEVER I CAN ABOUT THIS INVESTMENT, AND THERE IS VERY LITTLE.

ARE WE GOING TO GET A TEAM AS A RESULT OF YOUR INVESTMENT?

THERE HAS GOT TO BE SOME RETURN, OTHER THAN THE GOODNESS OF YOUR HEART, INVESTING IN SOMETHING YOU CARE ABOUT.

>> RIGHT NOW THEY HAVE 12 TEAMS, AND THEY'RE NOT LOOKING TO EXPAND, BUT THEY WILL, HOPEFULLY, IN THE FUTURE TO EXPAND.

I DON'T KNOW IF BOSTON WILL BE ON THE LIST OR NOT.

>> Braude: HAVE YOU TALKED TO THE WNBA?

>> THE WNBA IS USING THIS INVESTMENT.

IT HAS BEEN GOING FOR 25 SEASONS, AND THEY'RE GOING TO BE BUILDING OUT THEIR DIGITAL MARKETS, AND IT IS A REALLY EXCITING OPPORTUNITY TO GROW.

>> Braude: AND I HOPE THE SALARY.

AND I HOPE BRITTNEY GRINER IS SAFE AND I HOPE SHE GETS OUT OF THERE SOON.

BUT THE TOP SALARY IS $225 GRAND, AND SHE IS MAKING A MILLION AND A HALF IN RUSSIA.

HOW DOES THE LEAGUE PROSPER IF YOU CAN MAKE SO MUCH MONEY OVERSEAS?

>> SO THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE TRYING TO DO, THEY'VE INCREASED THE CEILING ON THE TOP.

AND IN ORDER TO FUND THOSE SALARIES, YOU NEED MORE TV COVERAGE AND SPONSORSHIP.

SO NIKE JOINED THIS INVESTMENT ROUND, THUNDER AND THAT IS A REALLY IMPORTANT THING.

THAT'S WHAT YOU NEED, TELEVISION AND SPONSORSHIP.

>> Braude: AND YOU'RE PART OF THAT, AND CONGRATULATIONS.

>> THANKS.

>> Braude: THIS IS AN -- IS YOUR GOAL TO START WITH WOMEN'S BASKETBALL AND THEN EXPAND INTO OTHER SPORTS?

YOU.

>> ME, PERSONALLY, I SEE THE POWER OF SPORTS TO BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER, AND WHAT IT CAN DO FOR A COMMUNITY.

WHAT IS DIFFERENT IS THAT A NEWSPAPER CAN BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER ON ISSUES.

AND I THINK THAT'S INCREDIBLY POWERFUL.

AND I'VE KNOWN FOR EVEN LONGER HOW SPORTS CAN REALLY BRING A COMMUNITY TOGETHER IN A COHESIVENESS THAT THE WORLD NEEDS RIGHT NOW.

AND, UM, I THINK THERE IS REALLY A LOT OF POTENTIAL AND POWER FOR WOMEN'S SPORTS.

AND SO I AM INVESTING IN THE FUTURE OF WOMEN'S SPORTS.

I DON'T HAVE AMBITIONS FOR A TEAM OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT AT THIS POINT.

WE JUST WANT THE LEAGUE, AFTER 25 YEARS, TO SORT OF TAKE THAT NEXT PUSH FORWARD.

>> Braude: BUT IF YOUR DAUGHTER WEREN'T DAY ONE DAY SAYS ARE WOMEN OR ALLOWED TO BOX OR PLAY HOCKEY -- [LAUGHTER] [LAUGHTER] >> Braude: I WANT TO SAY FOR MARGERY EAGAN AND ME, IF NOT FOR YOUR BRILLIANT CONTENT, WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO PUT ON A RADIO SHOW.

>> WE HAVE AN EXTRAORDINARILY TALENTED NEWSROOM.

>> Braude: IT IS WONDERFUL TO SEE YOU.

>> IN PERSON.

I LOVE THAT.

>> Braude: TALK TO YOU SOON.

THAT'S IT FOR TONIGHT, PLEASE COME BACK TOMORROW WHEN WE'LL HERE FROM THE HOLYOKE OFFICIALS WHO SAID THEY WERE FIRED FOR RAISING SECURITY CONCERNS AFTER A COVID OUTBREAK THAT KILLED MORE THAN 70 VETERANS.

PLUS SOME OF THE EVERYDAY HEROS IN UKRAINE.

THAT AND MORE TOMORROW AT 7:00.

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING, AND PLEASE STAY SAFE.

♪♪ Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org