[♪♪♪] >> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "CHICAGO TONIGHT."

I'M BRANDIS FRIEDMAN.

>> PARIS SCHUTZ HAS THE EVENING OFF.

ON THE SHOW TONIGHT... >> IT'S IMPORTANT TO HARDEN YOUR CYBERSECURITY.

>> THE COLONIAL PIPELINE CYBERATTACK EXPOSES A GROWING THREAT WHAT IT MEANINGS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY.

>> THE CDC SAYS FULLY VACCINATED PEOPLE CAN STOP WEARING MASKS IN MOST INDOOR SETTINGS.

BUT NOT EVERYONE IS READY.

>> NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'S PRESIDENT ON FUNDAMENTALISM IN AMERICA, A RECENT HIRING CONTROVERSY AND LEADING THE UNIVERSITY THROUGH A PANDEMIC.

>> THE NUMBER OF FLIGHTS ADDED TO UNITED AIRLINES SCHEDULE TAKES OFF THAT AND MORE FROM CRAIN'S.

CHICAGO RECORDS ONE OF THE DRY HE WAS OF SPRINGTIMES AS LAKE MICHIGAN WARMS UP AND THE LATEST ON THE DELAY IN THE PERMITTING PROCESS FOR SOUTH SIDE METAL SHREDDER AND RECYCLING COMPANY.

>> ANOTHER VIOLENT WEEKEND IN CHICAGO.

48 PEOPLE WERE SHOT INCLUDING TWO CHICAGO POLICE OFFICERS, AND THERE WERE FIVE DEATHS REPORTED.

AS OF THIS MORNING 1200 PEOPLE HAD BEEN SHOT IN THE CITY SINCE JANUARY AND 214 HOMICIDES.

THAT IS A SHARP RISE FROM LAST YEAR WHEN 886 PEOPLE WERE SHOT OVER THE SAME TIME PERIOD AND THERE WERE 187 HOMICIDES.

CHICAGO POLICE SUPERINTENDENT DAVID BROWN SAYS THE CITY HAS SEEN A 14% INCREASE IN HOMICIDES COMPARED TO THE SAME TIME-FRAME IN 2020.

HE SAYS HIS DEPARTMENT'S BEEN WORKING ON PLANS FOR SUMMER VIOLENCE.

>> LAST GLOBAL PANDEMIC WE HAD IN THIS COUNTRY, WHAT FOLLOWED WAS THE ROARING 20s.

AND I DON'T KNOW IF YOU'VE READ THE GREAT GATPY.

IF ALL THAT PENT UP ENERGY EXPLODES WITH ALL OF THIS PEOPLE BEING OUT AND MORE PEOPLE BEING ACTIVE IN THE OUTDOORS, WE WANT TO MAKE SURE IT'S SAFE.

>> GOVERNOR J.B. PRITZKER LIFTS THE STATE'S MASK MANDATE FOR FULLY VACCINATED RESIDENTS THAT NOW COINCIDES WITH THE CDC RECOMMENDATIONS LIFTING INDOOR MASK WEARING FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE FULLY VACCINATED AND NOT IMMUNOCOMPROMISED.

BUT MAYOR LORI LIGHTFOOT SAYS SHE WILL CONTINUE TO MASK UP AND IS ENCOURAGING PEOPLE TO KEEP THEIR MASKS ON IN PUBLIC SETTINGS AND THE MAYOR WANTS THE CDC TO PROVIDE MORE GUIDANCE.

WE'LL HAVE MORE ON NAVIGATING THE NEW GUIDELINES FOR MASKING IN A FEW MINUTES.

>> AND A BIT OF GOOD NEWS OVER THE WEEKEND...

THE NUMBER OF NEW REPORTED COVID-19 CASES DIPPED BELOW 1,000.

ILLINOIS HEALTH OFFICIALS REPORT 946 NEWLY CONFIRMED AND PROBABLE CASES OF COVID-19 AND SIX DEATHS.

THAT BRINGS THE TOTAL TO 1.367 MILLION CORONAVIRUS CASES.

AND 22,445 DEATHS.

THE SEVEN-DAY POSITIVITY RATE IS 2.4%.

MORE THAN 64% OF ADULTS RECEIVED ONE DOSE OF A VACCINE.

AND NEARLY 38% OF ALL ELIGIBLE RESIDENTS HAVE BEEN FULLY VACCINATED.

>> RENTERS MAY SOON SEE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE STATE.

GOVERNOR PRITZKER ANNOUNCED $1.5 BILLION FOR THE ILLINOIS RENTAL PAYMENT PROGRAM.

THOSE FUNDS WILL PROVIDE RELIEF FOR 120,000 HOUSEHOLDS.

400 MILLION WILL BE PROVIDED FOR MORTGAGE ASSISTANCE FOR HOUSE HOUSEHOLDS BEHIND ON THE RENT BECAUSE OF THE PANDEMIC AND THE GOVERNOR ANNOUNCES THE EVICTION MORATORIUM WILL BE PHASED OUT BY AUGUST.

AND MORE ON BOTH STORIES ON OUR WEBSITE.

>> SOME PARTS OF THE COUNTRY STILL FAST GAS SHORTAGES RELATED TO THE COLONIAL PIPELINE RANSOMWARE ATTACK GROWING ATTENTION TO THE CYBERATTACKS POSE IN THE U.S. AND AROUND THE WORLD AND EXPOSED WEAKNESSES IN THE COUNTRY'S CYBERSECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE.

LAST WEEK, PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN SIGNED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER AIMED AT STRENGTHENING CYBERSECURITY.

JOINING US TO TALK ABOUT THE INCREASING THREAT AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT ARE PHIL ANDREW A FORMER SPECIAL AGENT IN THE F.B.I.

HE IS NOW PRINCIPLE OF PARIS TERRORIST ATTACKS GROUP AND A PROFESSOR AT DePAUL UNIVERSITY.

AND YAN CHEN, A PROFESSOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

PROFESSOR CHEN, FIRST CAN YOU REMIND US WHAT A RANSOMWARE ATTACK IS AND WHAT AN APT ATTACK IS?

>> SURE, THANK YOU.

RANSOMWARE IS A MALWARE THAT YOUR INCRUISE SHIPPER YOUR SYSTEM TO DATA TO BLOCK ACCESS UNLESS RANSOM IS PAID.

WHILE IT IS AT THE SAME TIME, APT ATTACK IS STANDS FOR THE THREAT IS USED ALL KINDS OF MEASURES TO GETTING THE SYSTEM AND RANSOMWARE ATTACK IS LAUNCHED TO GAIN A FINANCIAL BENEFIT FOR THE ATTACKERS.

>> WHAT THREATS TO THE ATTACKS POSE TO INDIVIDUALS AND NATIONAL SECURITY?

>> USED TO TARGET INFRASTRUCTURE AND CRITICAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS.

AND IT DEPENDS WHO IS BEHIND IT.

WHEN IT'S A ORGANIZED CRIME, THEY ARE OFTEN AFTER MONEY.

IN THE CASE OF STATE-SPONSORED ATTACKS THEY ARE AFTER SECRETS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.

>> AND FOR INDIVIDUALS, IS THERE ANY CONCERN THAT WE COULD BE ASKED TO PAY RANSOM?

>> IT DOES HAPPEN TO INDIVIDUALS.

MOSTLY THAT IS AROUND AT ALMOST A TELEMARKETING FRAUD WHERE FOLKS ARE CALLING LOCKING UP COMPUTERS MOST SEEKING TO GET COMPUTER ACCESS AND THEN ACCESSING PERSONAL INFORMATION.

WHICH THEN CAN BE AT A SMALL SCALE RANSOM.

BUT, YES, EVERYBODY IS VULNERABLE TO IT.

WHEN THEY ARE NOT UPDATING THEIR SYSTEMS AND MAINTAINING THEM AT A HIGH LEVEL OF SECURITY.

>> WE'LL COME BACK TO SECURITY.

PROFESSOR CHEN ACCORDING TO DATA, THERE WERE AT LEAST 71 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RANSOMWARE ATTACKS IN 2018.

207 IN 2019 AND 397 IN 2020.

WHAT ARE THE GROWING NUMBER OF ATTACKS TELL YOU ABOUT THE FUTURE OF CYBERATTACKS?

>> YEAH, IT'S OBVIOUS THE RANSOMWARE ATTACK IN A COUPLE AND APT THREATS ARE GOING TO GET WORSE AND WORSE.

IN PARTICULAR, WITH THE EMERGING CRYPTOCURRENCY THE ATTACKERS NOW HAVE A FAST WAY OF GETTING THE MONEY, SECURITY AND ANONYMOUSLY.

IT JUST IS A MATTER OF TIME THAT WE WILL SEE MORE AND MORE SUCH ATTACKS AND NOT JUST THROUGH THE ENTERPRISES BUT THE INDIVIDUAL USERS AS YOU MENTIONED.

>> AND PHIL WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES THAT F.B.I.

AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FACE WHEN THEY ARE TRYING TO CURB THESE CYBERATTACKS?

WHAT IS DIFFICULT?

>> ONE IS REPORTING.

VICTIMS OF THESE CRIMES EVEN BIG CORPORATIONS, SOMETIMES DO NOT COLLABORATE WITH INTELLIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.

ONE BECAUSE THEY ARE EMBARRASSED.

TWO BECAUSE THERE COULD BE ECONOMIC HARM.

OBVIOUSLY AFFECT THEIR MARKETPLACE.

AND THEIR FIRST ORDER OF BRINGS IS TO GET BACK ON-LINE.

SO AND THAT CREATES DIFFICULTIES.

THERE IS NOT A COORDINATED EFFORT WITH THE GOVERNMENT, LAW ENFORCEMENT AND INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

THOSE HAVE BEEN ATTEMPTED MANY TIMES AND THERE IS A RENEWED EFFORT BUT IT REALLY REQUIRES THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO FULLY ENGAGE.

AND DO SOME OF THE PREVENTATIVE WORK.

PLUS ONCE THEY ARE HIT TO IMMEDIATELY INTEGRATE AND COOPERATE WITH THE AUTHORITIES.

>> AND PROFESSOR CHEN, ON THAT NOTE, WHAT CAN BE DONE TO ADDRESS THIS THREAT?

SOME PEOPLE REMEDIES CONNECTING THE SYSTEMS FROM THE INTERNET.

I IMAGINE SOME ORGANIZATIONS MIGHT ARGUE THAT MIGHT LIMIT THEIR ABILITIES IS THAT ENOUGH?

>> SURE.

JUST DISCONNECT THE SYSTEM FROM THE INTERNET DOESN'T SOLVE THE PROBLEM.

THIS SHOULD BE BECOME OBVIOUS WHEN THE ATTACKS THAT THE U.S.

LAUNCHED TO THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR FACILITIES BECAUSE THAT FACILITY WAS CUTOFF FROM THE INTERNET STILL THEIR INSIDERS THREAT THE U.S. WAS ABLE TO STILL LAUNCH THEIR ATTACKS AND DESTABLE THEIR IRANIAN NUCLEAR FACILITY FOR THREE YEARS.

BASICALLY, JUST TO DISCONNECT IT FROM THE INTERNET DOESN'T COMPLETELY SOLVE THE SECURITY PROBLEM.

>> WHAT CAN BE DONE WHAT SECURITY NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED?

>> I THINK WE NEED A HOLISTIC APPROACH FROM THE GARMENT INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIA TO WORK TOGETHER TO IMPROVE THE SECURITY AND PRIVACY OF THE COUNTRY.

THE GUIDELINES IS LAWMAKERS SHOULD ADAPT SECURITY REGULATIONS.

WE HAVE SECURITY CONFINEMENTS AND REGULATIONS AND OFTEN IT BECOMES OBSOLETE.

WE NEED TO KEEP UP WITH THE EVOLVING SECURITY LANDSCAPE CHANGES AND ALSO THE INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIA SHOULD WORK TO DEVELOP A DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY TO BETTER SECURE OUR SYSTEMS.

>> AND PROFESSOR CHEN WHAT CAN INDIVIDUALS DO TO PROTECT THEMSELVES?

>> WELL, THE INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT IMMUNE FROM THIS RANSOMWARE OR APT ATTACKS.

WE SHOULD BE WELL-EDUCATED TO BE SECURITY SAVVY.

TO HAVE GOOD SECURITY HABITS TO ALWAYS PATCH YOUR SYSTEM AND STORE THE PERM SECURITY SOFTWARE TO PROTECT YOUR HOME DEVICES AND SYSTEMS TO BENEFIT YOU AND PROTECT YOUR HOME ASSETS.

>> AND PHIL HOW DOES THIS IMPACT THE FUTURE OF CONFLICTS?

COULD CYBERATTACKS LIKE THIS IN THE FUTURE BE CONSIDERED ATTACKS OF WAR?

OR AGGRESSION?

>> WELL, WE'RE CERTAINLY MOVING IN A PLACE WHERE WE HAVE TO DECIDE WHAT THE THRESHOLD FOR AN ATTACK IS THAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED WARFARE.

AND I THINK WE'RE STILL BUILDING SOME OF THE GUIDELINES FOR THAT.

BUT THE REST ASSURED THAT STATE SPONSORS, STATE INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS AND DEFENSE -- AGGRESSORS ARE WATCHING THIS AND LEARNING FROM IT.

AND SEEING WHAT TOOLS AND WHAT SORT OF SOCIAL SUMMONSES THIS GETS -- RESPONSES THIS GETS.

IT IS A GREAT SORT OF EXPERIMENT THAT THEY GET TO WATCH AS THESE ORGANIZED CRIME ORGANIZATIONS USE THE SAME TOOLS THAT THEY MIGHT BE USING IN WARFARE CYBER WARFARE THAT IS.

>> SOMETHING I'M CERTAIN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SIGHINGER SECURITY EXPERTS ARE KEEPING AN EYE ON.

>> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US YAN CHEN AND PHIL ANDREW.

>> THANK YOU.

>> AS MENTIONED, GOVERNOR J.B. PRITZKER HAS LIFTED THE STATE'S MASK MANDATE FOR FULLY VACCINATED RESIDENTS.

THIS COMES AFTER THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION EASED ITS OWN MASK WEARING GUIDELINES.

BUT WHETHER IT'S TRAUMA FROM LIVING THROUGH A PANDEMIC OR BEING IMMUNOCOMPROMISED NOT EVERYONE IS READY TO UNMASK YET.

JOINING US TO DISCUSS THE FUTURE OF MASKS IS JOCELYN CARTER, DIRECTOR OF CLINICAL TRAINING AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY WITH DePAUL UNIVERSITY.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

WHAT ARE YOU HEARING FROM FOLKS IN TERMS OF THE TRAUMA THAT THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED FROM THE PANDEMIC?

>> RIGHT.

WHAT I'VE BEEN HEARING FROM FOLKS IN TERMS OF THE TRAUMA THEY HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING IS THERE IS A WIDE RANGE.

SOME PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ON THE FRONTLINES IN TERMS OF HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND ESSENTIAL WORKERS AND WITNESSED PEOPLE DIE.

OR HAVE WITNESSED PEOPLE BE VERY, VERY SICK.

AND OTHERS HAVE LOST PEOPLE IN THEIR LIVES.

AND SO THERE IS A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCES THAT PEOPLE HAVE HAD THAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED STRESSORS OR STRESSFUL.

BUT THERE IS A TON OF VARIABLABILITY IN TERMLESS OF HOW SEVERE OR TRAUMATIC PEOPLE'S LIVES HAVE BEEN SINCE THE PANDEMIC STARTED >> HOW WOULD YOU SAY THAT TRAUMA AND IN PARTICULAR HAS IMPACTED BLACK AND LATINO COMMUNITIES WHERE THE RATES OF DEATH AND INFECTION HAVE BEEN HIGHER?

>> IN BLACK AND LATINO COMMUNITIES ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE BEEN LEARNING ABOUT AS THE PANDEMIC HAS PROGRESSED IS THAT WE HAVE LAYERED THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TOP OF A TON OF OTHER PREEXISTING TRAUMATIC EVENTS.

AND THESE DON'T JUST GET ADDED THEY GET AMPLIFIED.

WHEN YOU ARE ALREADY VULNERABLE BECAUSE OF SYSTEMIC RACISM AND THEN THERE IS ANOTHER TRAUMATIC EVENT THAT OCCURS THAT AMPLIFIES BECAUSE OUR BODIES AREN'T ABLE TO RECOVER.

SO WHEN INDIVIDUALS IN THESE COMMUNITIES ARE FACED WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTS THAT PUT THEM AT RISK FOR COVID.

FOR EXAMPLE, HAVING AN HOURLY JOB INSTEAD OF SALARY JOB AND NOT BEING ABLE TO STAY HOME THAT TAKES A TOLL ESPECIALLY WHEN THE CONVERSATION HAS BEEN MAYBE ABOUT PEOPLE NOT WANTING TO GET VACCINATED OR NOT WANTING TO DO THINGS TO KEEP THEM HEALTHY WHEN REALLY IT IS THE SYSTEMS WE'VE CREATED OVER HUNDREDS OF YEARS IN THIS COUNTRY THAT HAS PUT PEOPLE IN THIS VULNERABLE POSITION.

SO IT'S COMPOUNDED FOR SURE.

>> AND HOW WOULD YOU SAY ALL OF THIS TRAUMA FOR ANY COMMUNITY FOR THAT MATTER HOW DOES THAT TRANSLATE INTO BEING RESISTANT TO LETTING GO OF YOUR MASK?

>> IN TERMS OF BEING RESISTANT, I THINK THAT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT COMES UP IS NOT REALLY TRUSTING WHAT THE INFORMATION IS AND THAT EVERYONE IS ACTING IN EVERYONE ELSE'S BEST INTEREST.

SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE BEEN HEARING ABOUT WITH THIS NEW MASK MANDATE, VACCINATED PEOPLE CAN BE WITHOUT A MASK BUT WE DON'T HAVE A SYSTEM THAT IS INSURING THAT IS TRUE.

WHEN YOU HAVE THIS HISTORY OF NOT NECESSARILY BEING ABLE TO TRUST WHAT THE NEWS IS OR WHAT THE GUIDANCE IS, THEN YOU MAY NOT THINK THAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE LOOKING OUT FOR YOU THE SAME WAY THAT YOU ARE LOOKING OUT FOR THEM.

AND MAY WANT TO CONTINUE TO WEAR A MASK FOR A WHILE LONGER.

AND I THINK THAT IS PERFECTLY UNDERSTANDABLE AND REASONABLE GIVEN THE HISTORY THAT WE HAVE IN THIS COUNTRY.

>> WHAT ARE SOME OF THE OTHER REASONS PEOPLE MIGHT WANT TO KEEP WEARING THEIR MASK?

>> YEAH, WELL, WE HAVE A LOT OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF HOW TOLERANT WE ARE OF UNCERTAINTY AND HOW MUCH WE ENGAGE IN RISKY BEHAVIOR.

BEFORE THE PANDEMIC, SOME PEOPLE REALLY LIKE SCARY MOVIES AND ROLLERCOASTERS AND OTHER PEOPLE NOT SO MUCH.

PEOPLE WHO ARE JUST WANTING TO BE 100% SURE AS CLOSE TO 100% AS YOU CAN BE, ARE GOING TO FEEL MORE COMFORTABLE WEARING A MASK, ESPECIALLY IF IT DOESN'T SEEM TO HURT OR NEGATIVE IMPACT ANYONE ELSE.

SORT OF THE REVERSE OF THE DISCUSSION THAT WE WERE HAVING AT THE BEGINNING WHEN THE MASK MANDATES WERE BEING PUSHED.

ALSO, FOR SOME PEOPLE, IT CAN BE A REALLY EFFECTIVE COPING BEHAVIOR IN TERMS OF BEING OUT IN PUBLIC AND NOT KNOWING NECESSARILY WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE THINKING OF YOU, AND IT CAN GIVE YOU A LITTLE BIT MORE COVER AND BECAUSE WE'VE DEVELOPED THIS HABIT OF WHEN WE GO OUTSIDE WHEN WE LEAVE THE HOUSE, WE TAKE OUR KEYS AND WE TAKE OUR WALLET AND PHONE AND WE GRAB OUR MASK.

SO WE GET IN THE HABITS AND IT'S HARD TO BREAK THEM.

>> AND I IMAGINE FOLKS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED ARE PROBABLY STILL VERY MUCH ATTACHED TO THEIR MASKS.

WHAT KIND OF STRESS OR MIXED FEELINGS MIGHT PEOPLE HAVE IN PLACES WHERE THE VIRUS IS STILL RAMPANT BECAUSE OF THE TRAUMA THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED?

>> RIGHT, AND I'M GLAD THAT YOU BROUGHT UP PEOPLE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED AND PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT ABLE TO GET THE VACCINE FOR WHATEVER REASON.

THERE IS A LOT OF HOUSEHOLDS WHERE SOME OF THE FAMILY AND SOME NOT IF YOU HAVE YOUNGER CHILDREN.

SO YES, IN TERMS OF WEARING A MASK THE MASK HAS BECOME A SYMBOL FOR US THAT WE ARE UNDER GOING A PANDEMIC.

AND IN TERMS OF MESSAGES THAT WE MAY BE GETTING, SOME OF THE FEELING CAN BE THAT IF OTHER PEOPLE ARE DOING SOMETHING SUCH AS CONTINUING TO WEAR MASKS THAT IS A REMINDER TO OTHERS THERE IS STILL A PANDEMIC GOING ON AND SO IF YOU'RE NOT WEARING A MASK YOU MAY BE RESENTFUL THAT SOMEONE IS REMINDING YOU THAT LIFE IS NOT BACK TO NORMAL.

>> SOMEBODY EVERYONE WILL HAVE TO GET USED TO.

THANK YOU TO JOCELYN CARTER AT DePAUL UNIVERSITY FOR JOINING US.

>> UP NEXT, THE PRESIDENT OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY DISCUSSES HIS NEW BOOK ON FUNDAMENTALISM IN AMERICA.

STAY WITH US.

>> IN RECENT YEARS, UNIVERSITIES HAVE SEEN PROTESTS ERUPT OVER SOMETIMES CONTROVERSIAL SPEAKERS.

SO-CALLED CANCEL CULTURE HAS BEEN CONSIDERED TOXIC.

THESE MODERN-DAY EXAMPLES OF FUNDAMENTALISM ARE SEEN BY SOME AS EATING AWAY AT DEMOCRACY FOUNDED IN PART ON A BELIEF IN REASON AND RATIONAL DEBATE.

A NEW BOOK MINDS WIDE SHUT HOW THE NEW FUNDAMENTALISMS DIVIDE US EXAMINES THIS THOUGHT THAT LEAVES MANY AMERICANS CONVINCED THAT THEIR WORLD VIEW IS RIGHT AND CLOSED OFF TO EVIDENCE THAT COULD PERSUADE THEM OTHERWISE.

JOINING US ARE THE CO-A SHORE AUTHORIZES.

MORTON SCHAPIRO AND GARY SAUL MORSON, PROFESSOR OF THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES AND AND SLAVIC LANGUAGES AT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AND THERE IS PLENTY TO DISCUSS WITH THE PRESIDENT MORTON SCHAPIRO AND WE WILL GET TO THAT.

FIRST LET'S TALK ABOUT THE BOOK, PLEASE.

PRESIDENT, WE TOUCHED ON IT PLEASE DESCRIBE THE FUNDAMENTALISM THAT YOU ALL ARE WRITING ABOUT IN THIS BOOK.

>> IT'S WONDERFUL TO BE BACK ON "CHICAGO TONIGHT."

I WISH WE WERE THERE IN-PERSON IN THE STUDIO.

BUT THIS BOOK CONTINUES A LINE OF THINKING THAT WE'VE HAD AND MANIFESTS ITSELF IN AN UNDERGRADUATE COURSE WE HAVE BEEN DOING ON DIALOGUE.

IN THE BOOK WE ARGUE THAT THERE ARE CERTAIN FORCES IN ECONOMICS AND IN POLITICS AND RELIGION AND THE ACADEMY IN THE HUMANITIES THERE ARE FUNDAMENTALISTS BY NATURE.

AND THAT IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY ROSE TOGETHER, THAT CAN HELP US FIGURE OUT A WAY TO MOVE AHEAD INTO A WORLD WHERE DIALOGUE PLAYS A LARGER ROLE.

>> AND GARY SAUL MORSON, WERE YOU GOING TO SAY SOMETHING?

>> NO.

THAT'S THE POINT THAT WE NEED TO MOVE AHEAD SO WE CAN RESTORE ATMOSPHERE WHERE PEOPLE ARE FREE TO HAVE DIFFERENT OPINIONS AND LEARN FROM EACH OTHER.

>> WHAT MADE YOU WANT TO WRITE THIS BOOK, GARY SAUL MORSON?

>> WELL, WE SEE A DANGEROUS TREND, DANGEROUS TO DEMOCRACY TAKING PLACE.

AND VARIOUS DISCIPLINES HARDENING AT THE SAME TIME.

AND WE WERE HOPING THAT WE COULD PERSUADE PEOPLE TO BE MORE OPEN MINDED, TO REALIZE THEY CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER THAT IT REALLY MAKES SENSE TO LIVE IN A WORLD WHEN YOU HAVE OPINIONS WHEN YOU DON'T REGARD EVERYTHING THAT YOU BELIEVE AS ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN.

>> PRESIDENT, WHY DO YOU THINK WE'VE SEEN THIS RISE IN FUNDAMENTALISM IN OUR WAY OF THINKING IN AMERICA?

>> YOU KNOW I THINK WE LIVE IN SILOS IN THE WAY WE NEVER DID.

SAUL AND I GREW UP AND WATCHED CBS NEWS OR ABC AND HEAR THE SAME STORY OR MORE CONSERVATIVE THAN "NEWSWEEK".

BUT I DON'T THINK THERE WAS A LOT TO QUESTION ABOUT THE FACTS THE OBJECTIVE TRUTH.

AND NOW, WE LIVE IN SILOS.

EVERYBODY WHETHER YOU ARE WATCHING FOX NEWS OR CNN OR READING THIS COLUMNIST OR THAT COLUMNIST AND I THINK WE LIVE IN ECHO CHAMBERS.

THE GOOD THING ABOUT ECHO CHAMBERS IT'S VERY SUPPORTING YOUR VIEW AND IT'S COMFORTABLE.

BUT IT'S BAD FOR DEMOCRACY BECAUSE IT MAKES IT EASIER TO VILIFY EVERYONE WHO DOESN'T AGREE WITH YOU IS THE PERSON INDICATION OF EVIL.

DEMOCRACY DEPENDS ON DEBATE.

ECHO CHAMBERS SAY THERE IS NO REASON TO DEBATE.

>> AND LET'S GET INTO THAT A LITTLE BIT MORE.

WHY IS THIS SUCH A THREAT TO DEMOCRACY?

>> WELL, I'M A RUSSIAN SPECIALIST SO I IMMEDIATELY SEE WHERE THIS CAN LEAD.

THAT IS TO LOOK IF THERE'S -- IF YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT, AND EVERYBODY ELSE IS EITHER STUPID OR EVIL, THERE IS NO REASON NOT TO HAVE A ONE-PARTY STATE.

AND ONCE YOU HAVE A ONE-PARTY STATE, LITERALLY ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN.

BECAUSE THERE WILL BE NO WAY OF OBJECTING TO IT OF CHANGING IT.

AND YOU GET A DYNAMIC, A SLIDE TOWARDS GREATER AND GREATER TYRANNY ONCE YOU HAVE A ONE PARTY STATE AND IT WILL HAPPEN WHEN PEOPLE DON'T THINK THAT WELL, THEY HAVE THEIR BELIEF BUT THEY ARE ONLY OPINIONS THEY COULD BE WRONG.

YOU -- YOU HAVE AN OPINION BUT IF YOU BELIEVE IT IS A GOD GIVEN BELIEF OR SANCTIFIED BY SCIENCE OR GOOD PEOPLE THINK THIS WAY THEN YOU ARE HEADED FOR A ONE-PARTY STATE AND THE ELIMINATION OF DIALOGUE.

>> PROFESSOR MORRISON DO YOU SEE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE MINDSET OF FUNDAMENTALISM AND ONLY BELIEVING THAT YOUR WAY IS THE WAY TO THINK AND WHAT HAPPENED TO THE CAPITOL ON JANUARY 6TH?

>> YES, I THINK IT PROBABLY IS.

I MEAN THAT WOULD BE ONE OF SEVERAL INCIDENTS WHERE WHAT STRUCK ME IS HOW ANGRY PEOPLE WERE NOT JUST AT THE OTHER SIDE BUT AT THE MODERATES AND THEIR OWN SIDE OR THE LESS THAN FEW ON THEIR OWN SIDE.

HOW ANGRY THEY WERE AT MIKE PENCE FOR INSTANCE.

THAT DOESN'T ALLOW FOR ANY DIFFERENCE OF OPINION.

THAT MIGHT BE ONE EXAMPLE.

>> UNIVERSITIES ARE SUPPOSED TO BE PLACES WHERE PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO MANY DIFFERENT IDEAS AND WHERE STUDENT CAN LEARN TO STUDY AN IDEA OR VIEWPOINT THAT MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM ONE THEY HOLD.

ARE YOU SEEING THIS KIND OF FUNDAMENTALISM ON UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES?

>> HERE IS WHERE SAUL AND I DON'T ALWAYS AGREE WE HAVE BEEN TEACHING AND WRITING TOGETHER FOR A LONGTIME.

AS YOU POINTED OUT I AM A PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS THERE IS A CHAPTER IN THE BOOK THAT ARGUES THAT ECONOMICS REALLY STAYS OUT OF POLITICS IN A GREAT WAY.

IT IS NOT THAT WE DON'T ADVICE IN TERMS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICY BUT WE DON'T LET OUR UNDERLYING IDENTIFY LOGICAL BELIEFS AFFECT OUR WORK.

AND MOST ECONOMISTS SOME OF US MIGHT BE MORE LIBERAL AND MORE CONSERVATIVE WE AGREE ON WHAT THE MINIMUM WAGE SHOULD BE, WHAT TO DO ABOUT HEALTHCARE AND CLIMATE CHANGE.

SOME DIFFERENCE ABOUT A WEALTH TAX BUT MOST OF THE THINGS WE DO OUR THEORETICAL MODELS.

AND WE DO OUR DATA AND ESTIMATE OUR MODELS AND WE PRESENT THE ANSWER WHETHER IT'S THE ANSWER YOU HOPED FOR OR NOT.

AND WE PLAY IT STRAIGHT.

SAUL COMES FROM THE HUMANITIES A LITTLE BIT MORE SKEPTICAL THAT.

BUT I THINK THAT MUCH OF THE ACADEMY DESPITE THE WAY WE'RE ALWAYS CRITIQUED THE STEM FIELDS AND ECONOMICS MANY OF THE QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES REALLY DO PLAY IT STRAIGHT.

WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS TEACH PEOPLE HOW TO THINK NOT WHAT TO THINK.

AND I HAPPEN TO THINK THAT WE DO A GOOD JOB AT THAT.

>> 20 SECONDS LEFT, AND I KNOW THE TWO OF YOU DON'T ALWAYS AGREE I WANT TO GIVE YOU AN OPPORTUNITY TO RESPOND?

>> NOBODY THAT I KNOW WOULD DARE TO SAY THEY WERE A REPUBLICAN.

IT WOULDN'T HAPPEN IN HUMANITIES YOU COULDN'T DO IT.

A SING GOOLARITY VIEW AND IT'S EXPLICIT THAT YOU MUST BE POLITICAL OTHERWISE YOU ARE NOT WITH THE TIMES.

SO THAT IS NOT TRUE IN ECONOMICS AND NOT TRUE ELSEWHERE BUT I LIVE IN THE HUMANITIES I WILL SEE IT MORE THAN MORTON DOES.

>> WE HAVE TO LEAVE IT THERE.

THANKS TO GARY SAUL MORSON AND PRESIDENT MORTON SCHAPIRO WILL BE BACK LATER ON IN THE PROGRAM TO TALK ABOUT LEADING THE UNIVERSITY THROUGH A PANDEMIC AND HIS DECISION TO STEP DOWN NEXT YEAR AND A HIRING CONTROVERSY.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> STILL TO COME ON "CHICAGO TONIGHT", MELINDA GATES WEALTH HAS GROWN IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS BECAUSE OF A LOCAL STOCK AND THAT AND MORE FROM CRAIN'S.

>> A DEEP DIVE INTO WHAT A WARMING LAKE MICHIGAN CAN TELL US ABOUT THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE REGION.

>> AND UPDATES ON A DELAY IN THE PERMITTING PROCESS FOR A SOUTH SIDE METAL SHREDDER AND RECYCLING COMPANY.

>> FIRST MORE OF TODAY'S TOP STORIES.

>> ILLINOIS NOW HAS UP TO EIGHT PEOPLE CHARGED IN THE CAPITOL RIOT.

53-YEAR-OLD DOUGLAS WRANGLER WHO PROSECUTORS SAY IS SEEN ON THE LEFT SIDE OF YOUR SCREEN AND 58-YEAR-OLD BRUCE HARRISON ON THE RIGHT BOTH FROM THE DANVILLE AREA HAVE BEEN CHARGED WITH ENTERING A RESTRICTED BUILDING AND DISORDERLY CONDUCT ON CAPITOL GROUNDS.

IN THE UNSEALED COMPLAINT, THE TWO MEN ALLEGEDLY ASKED FOR DIRECTIONS TO THE BATHROOM.

THE MEMBER SAY THEY WERE THERE TO TOUR THE HISTORIC SITE AND WENT OUT OF THEIR WAY TO AVOID THE VIOLENCE.

THEY WERE RELEASED AND HAVE BEEN ORDERED TO APPEAR IN COURT IN WASHINGTON D.C. TO FACE THE CHARGES AT THE END OF THE MONTH.

>> GOOD NEWS FOR TEENS AND THEIR PARENTS.

THE CITY'S YOUTH JOBS PROGRAM IS BACK WITH BOTH IN-PERSON AND REMOTE OPTIONS.

THE ONE SUMMER CHICAGO PROGRAM HAS MORE THAN 21,000 PAID JOBS AND THOUSANDS MORE ACTIVITIES THROUGH THE CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE PARK DISTRICT AND OTHER COMMUNITY PARTNERS.

>> ONE SUMMER CHICAGO PROVIDES MORE THAN A SUMMER JOB.

IT PROVIDES HANDS ON EXPERIENCE, MENTORING FROM INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS, AND NETWORKING AND TEAM BUILDING SKILLS TRAINING THAT CAN BENEFIT THEM LONG AFTER THE SUMMER ENDS.

>> THE ONE SUMMER CHICAGO PROGRAM IS OPEN TO YOUNG PEOPLE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 14-24.

THEY CAN APPLY ON-LINE.

>> AND OFFICIALS REPORT MORE THAN 900 NEW CASES THE COVID-19 IN THE PAST 24 HOURS.

AND SIX ADDITIONAL DEATHS.

AND NEARLY 38% OF THE STATE'S POPULATION HAS BEEN FULLY VACCINATED.

>> THE NUMBER OF FLIGHTS WITH UNITED AIRLINES IS SET TO TAKE OFF.

SIGNS OF LASTING DAMAGE DUE TO A GLOBAL MICROCHIP SHORTAGE.

AND ILLINOIS' OWN DEAR AND COMPANY FIGURES INTO THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES SPLIT.

HERE IS CRAIN'S CHICAGO BUSINESS EDITOR ANN DWYER; UNITED AIRLINES IS ADDING 400 DAILY FLIGHTS TO THE JULY SCHEDULE.

ARE THEY ON TO SOMETHING OR TOO MUCH TOO SOON?

>> THE C.E.O.

SCOTT KIRBY KEEPING ON SAYING THEY ARE SEEING LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL AND INDEED WITH THE ADDITION OF THE 400 FLIGHTS IN JULY THEY ARE ABOUT TO GO TO 80% OF THE SCHEDULE THAT THEY WERE FLYING IN JULY OF 2019 BEFORE THE PANDEMIC HIT.

NOW, IN FACT, SUMMER TRAVEL DEMAND RIGHT NOW IS UP 214% FROM THIS TIME LAST YEAR JUST IN BOOKINGS ALONE.

IT DOES SEEM WITH MASK MANDATES EASING AND THE VACCINE BEING MORE READILY AVAILABLE AMERICANS ARE EAGER TO GET OUT OF THE HOUSE AND START TRAVELING AGAIN EVEN TO SOME EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS AND UNITED WANTS TO MEET THAT DEMAND.

>> A LOT OF US RECALL CANCELING FLIGHTS LAST YEAR.

MORE THAN 1600 JOBS ARE ON THE CUTTING BOARD AT BELVIDERE, ILLINOIS.

IT SEEMS OFD CONSIDERING THE DEMAND FOR CARS IS HIGH.

BUT WHAT IS GOING ON?

>> AS YOU MENTIONED, WHAT IS GOING ON IS THE SAME THING THAT IS HOBBLING THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY RIGHT NOW.

AND THAT IS A CRUCIAL SHORTAGE OF MICROCHIPS.

THE LITTLE DOODADS THAT POWER EVERYTHING FROM GPS TO CRUISE CONTROLS IN VEHICLES.

BECAUSE OF THIS SHORTAGE WHICH IS GLOBAL, BY THE WAY, THE JEEP PLANTS IN BELVIDERE IS SAYING THEY ARE GOING TO HAVE TO CUT THE SECOND SHIFT OF PRODUCTION AT THEIR ASSEMBLY PLANT THERE STARTING IN JULY.

THAT IS A MOVE THAT IS GOING TO AFFECT ALMOST 1700 WORKERS OUT THERE.

AND THIS COMES ON THE HEELS OF SIMILAR MOVES TO FORD'S MEGA PLANT ON TORRANCE AVENUE ON THE SOUTH SIDE.

THIS SUPPLY CHAIN SHORTAGE IS HAVING RIPPLE EFFECTS THROUGHOUT CHICAGO'S AUTOMOTIVE ECONOMY.

>> LASTLY, A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE SHOCKED TO HEAR ABOUT THE DIVORCE BETWEEN BILL AND MELINDA GATES.

BUT NOW TO HEAR THAT THE DIVORCE HAS AN IMPACT ON ILLINOIS DEER AND COMPANY.

WHAT DETAILS DO YOU HAVE?

>> IT TURNS OUT THAT DEER IS A MAJOR HOLDING OF BILL AND MELINDA GATES AT LEAST WHEN THEY WERE A MARRIED COUPLE AND NOW IN THE WAKE OF THE ANNOUNCED BREAK UP, A HUGE CHUNK OF JOHN DEERE AND COMPANY SHARES ARE BEING SHIFTED BY THE TRUST THAT CONTROLS THE COUPLE'S ASSETS TO MELINDA GATES.

NOW, MELINDA WILL NOW CONTROL ABOUT 2.25 MILLION SHARES OF JOHN DEERE SHOCK A STAKE VALUED AT $850 MILLION AT CURRENT MARKET VALUES AND THAT MAKES HER INDIVIDUALLY ONE OF THE BIGGEST SHARE HOLDS IN DEER AND BRINGS THE WEALTH TRANSFERRED TO HER SINCE AT NOUNS.

OF THE DIVORCE TO MORE THAN $3 BILLION.

>> NO SMALL AMOUNT THERE.

ANN DWYER AT CRAIN'S THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANKS, BRANDIS.

>> THE CHICAGO REGION IS SEEING A DRYER AND COLDER SPRING THAN NORMAL IN PART DUE TO CHANGING WEATHER PATTERNS BUT SEVERAL NEW CLIMATE REPORTS SHOW THAT I WILL SILL GETTING WARMER AND WETTER.

THAT AS A RECENT STUDY FINDS LAKE MICHIGAN'S DEEP WATERS ARE HEATING UP.

PROMPTING CONCERNS OVER THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EVERYTHING FROM MARINE LIFE TO HUMAN BEINGS.

HERE TO UNPACK THIS AND MORE IS SCOTT COLLIS AN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENTIST AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY.

WELCOME BACK.

LET'S START WITH THE SPRING WHAT IS DRIVING THIS COLDER AND SIGNIFICANTLY DRYER CONDITIONS THAT WE'RE SEEING?

>> THANKS, BRANDIS.

FOR THOSE WHO CAN REMEMBER BACK TO THE EARLY DAYS OF MAY WE STARTED WITH A COUPLE OF WONDERFUL 80° TEMPERATURES WHICH MADE THE COLD WEATHER FEEL THE WORSE.

WE'VE HAD A LONGSTANDING, ONGOING WEATHER SYSTEM THAT SAT OVER CHICAGO AND RATHER THAT BRINGING THAT WARM, MOIST AIR FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO THAT GIVES US THE SPRING RAINS AND WARMTH, WE ARE GETTING OUR AIR FROM OUR NEIGHBORS TO THE NORTH FROM CANADA WHICH IS DRYER AND COLDER.

AND THAT SYSTEM HAS BEEN VERY STUBBORN AND HAS NOT MOVED ON.

>> DO YOU EXPECT THIS TREND TO CONTINUE INTO THE SUMMER?

>> NO, AT THE MOMENT THE CLIMATE SIGNALS WE'RE SEEING INDICATE GIVES US A NORMAL SPRING.

WE HAVE JUST COME OUT OF A LA ANYONE YEAH WHICH WILL GIVE US WETTER COLDER TEMPERATURES.

AND WE ARE IN NEUTRAL CONDITIONS WE EXPECT A BIT OF RETURN TO NORMAL.

PART OF THE PROBLEM IS WHEN YOU GET THESE LONG, DRY SPELLS, THE MOISTURE THAT THUNDERSTORMS THAT WE'RE USED TO GETTING IN MAY FEED ON IS NOT PRESENT IN OUR SOULS.

IT WILL TAKE GOOD RAINS TO GET BACK TO NORMAL.

>> AND THE FORECAST IS PREDICTING A BIT OF THE WET STUFF THIS WEEK.

A HUGE FACTOR IN OUR WEATHER IS LAKE MICHIGAN AND A RECENT STUDY SHOWS THAT THE LAKE'S DEEP WATERS HAVE GOTTEN WARMER OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS.

WHAT IS BEHIND THAT?

>> WELL, IN A NUTSHELL IT'S CLIMATE CHANGE.

INCREASING TEMPERATURES DUE TO INCREASED AMOUNT OF HEAT TRAPPING GREENHOUSE GASES IN OUR ATMOSPHERE.

WHEN YOU LOOK AT SATELLITE IMAGE LAKES AND OCEANS ARE FAIRLY DARK.

AND WATER HAS THIS AMAZING ABILITY TO HOLD IN HEAT.

SO AT THE FIRST SIGNALS WE SAW OF CLIMATE CHANGE WERE IN THE OCEANS AND NOW WITH THE STUDY FROM NOAA WHERE THEY PUT PROBES, NOT TO MEASURE THE SURFACE BUT THE WATER IN THE DEPTH WE CAN SEE THE LAKE NOW IS STORING SOME OF THAT HEAT ENERGY FROM THE ATMOSPHERE.

>> AND WHAT ARE THE LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF A WARMER LAKE ON THE CHICAGO REGION?

>> WELL, PEOPLE WILL SAY THE CLIMATE HAS ALWAYS BEEN CHANGING WHAT IS THE BIG DEAL ABOUT THIS?

THE TAKE HOME MESSAGE IT'S THE SPEED AT WHICH IT'S CHANGING.

THE SPECIES THAT LIVE IN THE LAKE THAT KEEP THE EQUAL LEB YUM GOING HAVE EVOLVED WITH THE LAKE WITH THE SEASONALITY AND TEMPERATURES.

WITH CONDITIONS CHANGING THIS QUICKLY, THOSE SPECIES DO NOT HAVE THE TIME TO ADAPT.

RATHER THAN ADAPTATION YOU GET MIGRATION WHICH LEADS TO A COLLAPSE OF ECOSYSTEMS.

>> WE'VE HEARD A LOT ABOUT RECORD-HIGH LAKE LEVELS.

WHERE DO THOSE STAND TODAY?

>> WELL, UNSURPRISINGLY GIVEN THE LACK OF PRECIPITATION AND GIVEN LAST YEAR WE ARE TALKING ABOUT ONE OF THE WETTEST SPRINGS ON RECORD AND NOW WE'RE BARELY MANAGING TO STAY ABOVE RECORD LOW PRECIPITATION, THE LAKE LEVELS HAVE GONE DOWN.

THEY ARE WELL ABOVE AVERAGE THEY ARE RUNNING 17 INCHES ABOVE AVERAGE.

BUT THEY ARE WELL DOWN ON THE LEVELS WE SAW LAST YEAR.

>> AND NOAA UPDATED WHAT ARE KNOWN AS CLIMATE NORMALS WHAT IS THAT?

>> IT'S WHAT IT SAYS.

IT TELLS US WHAT IS NORMAL.

EVERY 10 YEARS, JUST LIKE THE CENSUS, NOAA GOES OUT AND TAKES A RECORD OF THE LAST 30 YEARS.

A RECORD FOR 30 YEARS UPDATED EVERY 10 YEARS.

SO WHEN YOUR FAVORITE METEOROLOGIST IS ON TV SAYING IT'S 10° ABOVE NORMAL.

THAT IS THE NORMAL.

BUT WHAT MADE THESE NORMALS REALLY SPECIAL AND REALLY INTERESTING IS PROBABLY A WORD YOU COULD USE IS JUST THE CLEAR SIGNAL OF CLIMATE CHANGE ACROSS THE COUNTRY WE SEE IN TEMPERATURES AND IN PRECIPITATION.

>> AND WHAT DOES THAT TELL YOU ABOUT THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE HERE?

>> WELL, IT'S GETTING WARMER.

WE SAW AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURES QUITE INTERESTINGLY WE SAW HALF A DEGREE FAURN HEIGHT INCREASE IN OUR MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE BUT 2.3° INCREASE IN OUR OVERNIGHT MINIMUM TEMPERATURES.

WHY TEMPERATURES ARE GETTING WARMER IT'S GETTING WARMER AT NIGHT.

WE ALSO SAW AN INCREASE OF 3% IN OUR ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN THE NEW NORMALS COMPARED TO THE OLD ONES.

AND SOMEWHAT SURPRISINGLY MORE SNOWFALL BUT MAINLY IN THE COLDEST OF MONTHS, DECEMBER, JANUARY AND FEBRUARY.

>> SCOTT AS A SCIENTIST WHAT DOES THIS MAKE YOU THINK?

WHAT ARE YOU CONCERNED ABOUT?

>> A LOT OF THINGS.

ONE THING TELLS ME THE CLIMATE SIMULATIONS THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND NOAA AND NASA HAVE BEEN RUNNING HAVE BEEN TELLING US THIS KIND OF CHANGE WE'VE BEEN SEEING.

IT TELLS ME CLIMATE CHANGE IS NO LONGER A PREDICTION IT IS SOMETHING THAT WE ARE LIVING THROUGH RIGHT NOW.

AND ITS IMPACTS ON US ARE BEING FELT AND THEY ARE REAL.

>> THANKS TO SCOTT COLLIS FOR JOINING US AS ALWAYS.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, BRANDIS.

>> IN ADDITION TO BEING ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S TOP UNIVERSITIES NORTHWESTERN FACED RECENT CONTROVERSY MOSTLY A SEXUAL HARASSMENT CASE THAT EMBROILED THE SCHOOL AND LED THE HIRED ATHLETICS DIRECTOR TO STEP DOWN AS ITS PRESIDENT OF 12 YEARS MORTON SCHAPIRO HAS ANNOUNCED HIS PLANNED EXIT FOR NEXT YEAR.

JUST A FEW MINUTES AGO WE DISCUSSED HIS BOOK ON FUNDAMENTALISM AND PRESIDENT MORTON SCHAPIRO JOINING US AGAIN FOR MORE.

MANY STUDENTS AND FACULTY ARE CRITICIZING THE UNIVERSITY AND YOU PERSONALLY FOR WHAT THEY CALL A LACK OF TRANSPARENCY OVER A SEXUAL HARASSMENT LAWSUIT AND THE HIRING OF MIKE PULASKI TO BE THE ATHLETICS DIRECTOR.

HE HAS RESIGNED BUT WE SPOKE TO ELIZABETH HERD TODAY AND SHE IS PART OF A GROUP OF WOMEN FACULTY WHO POSED HIS HIRING.

HERE IS A BIT OF WHAT SHE HAD TO SAY.

>> I WOULD REALLY LIKE TO KNOW HOW IT'S POSSIBLE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT THAT TO EXIST AT NORTHWESTERN IN 2017, 18, 19 AND TO THE PRESENT DAY WHERE THESE KINDS OF HORRIBLE ACTS OF SEXUALIZATION AND DISCRIMINATION, AND HARASSMENT AGAINST YOUNG WOMEN NORTHWESTERN STUDENTS AND STUDENT ATHLETES COULD HAPPEN.

>> PRESIDENT MORTON SCHAPIRO HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO THIS?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, CERTAINLY TERRIBLE THINGS HAPPENED AND WE HAVE NOTED THAT.

WE'VE ALSO HAD A NUMBER OF PEOPLE NAMED IN A LAWSUIT INCLUDING MIKE PULASKI PERSONALLY.

WHICH WE INVESTIGATED AND WE HAD INDEPENDENT COUNSEL VERY WELL QUALIFIED AND THEY DID A STUDY.

MIKE WAS A FINALIST WITH STRONG SUPPORT FROM THE SEARCH COMMITTEE.

AND I WAITED TO FIND SEE THE RESULTS OF THAT INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION DURING WHICH HE WAS CLEARED.

WE ALSO FILED A MOTION TO DISMISS THE LAWSUIT.

AND THERE WERE NO AT THE TIME, AND STILL PENDING INVESTIGATION ABOUT MIKE.

SO WITH THESE STRONG SUPPORT OF THE SEARCH COMMITTEE AND MANY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY, I REALIZED THAT THE OPTICS WOULD BE TOUGH BUT TO ACCUSE SOMEBODY OF SOMETHING DOESN'T MEAN THEY ACTUALLY DID IT WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER FOR EVERYONE.

>> IS THERE ANYTHING MORE THAT THE UNIVERSITY COULD OR SHOULD DO TO ADDRESS THE CLAIMS THAT THE UNIVERSITY HAS NOT APPROPRIATELY HANDLED THE ALLEGATIONS OF HARASSMENT?

>> WELL, WE MADE A LOT OF CHANGES.

I MEAN, THE THINGS THAT WERE PEOPLE RAISED TO BE IN THIS LAWSUIT IN TERMS OF ALLEGATIONS WERE HORRIFIC.

I LEARNED ABOUT IT AND THERE IS A DIFFERENCE OF COURSE BEING A PRESIDENT'S OFFICE AND OFFICE OF EQUITY I LEARNED ABOUT IT READING THE "CHICAGO TRIBUNE" ONE HORRIBLE FRIDAY AFTERNOON.

WHEN I LOOKED INTO IT WE HAD MADE A LOT OF CHANGES.

THE COACH WAS GONE.

THE WAY THE CHEER SQUAD INTERACTED WITH FANS AND OTHERS, COMPLETELY CHANGED.

IT HAD BEEN CHANGED FOR YEARS.

I MEAN THE REAL POINT IS YOU GO AND NAME SOMEBODY ATHLETIC DIRECTOR WHO HIMSELF HAD BEEN NAMED IN THIS LAWSUIT BUT, AGAIN, WE INVESTIGATED INDEPENDENT COUNSEL INVESTIGATED.

THERE WAS NO PENDING LAWSUIT.

AND I THOUGHT EVEN THOUGH THE OPTICS WERE TOUGH, THAT I NAMED HIM AND I DID NAME HIM AND THE OPTICS WEREN'T JUST THE OPTICS THERE WERE MANY PEOPLE WHO VERY STRONGLY RESISTED THAT AND AS YOU SAW FROM MIKE HE SAID AFTER 10 DAYS IT'S DIVIDING THE COMMUNITY SO HE STEPPED DOWN.

NOW WE HAVE A FACULTY MEMBER WHO IS STEPPING IN AND AS THIS FACULTY MEMBER DID IN 2008 WHEN WE WERE BETWEEN ATHLETIC DIRECTORS.

AND HE IS CALMING THINGS DOWN AND WE ARE CONTINUING TO INVESTIGATE AND TRY TO MAKE EVERYTHING THE BEST WAY WE CAN.

THE FACULTY DESERVE IT.

THE STUDENTS DESERVE T AND OUR ENTIRE COMMUNITY DESERVES.

IT MIKE PULASKI IS NOT BEING INVESTIGATED AND HE WAS CLEARED.

>> IN THE LAST YEAR THERE'S BEEN A RACIAL RECKONING AND THERE WERE CALLS TO DISBAND THE UNIVERSITY POLICE FORCE WHICH YOU DECLINED TO DO.

HOW SHOULD A UNIVERSITY BE RESPONDING TO THIS MODERN-DAY RACIAL RECKONING THAT WE'RE EXPERIENCING?

>> WELL, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT THEY DO RESPOND IN AS TRANSPARENT A MANNER AS POSSIBLE.

AND WE HAVE THIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE CHAIRED BY VERY DISTINGUISHED PEOPLE.

AND WE'RE COMPLETELY RETHINKING COMMUNITY SAFETY.

AND IT'S NOT JUST RETHINKING WE HAVE DONE IT.

IT USED TO BE UNTIL FAIRLY RECENTLY IF SOMEBODY HAD SOME PROBLEM IN A DORM WE WOULD SEND POLICE FORCE IN AND POLICEMAN OR WOMAN IN AND IF YOU NEEDED A TRANSPORT TO THE HOSPITAL.

THAT IS NOT DONE ANYMORE.

PEOPLE DESERVE TO FEEL SAFE ON OUR COMMUNITY.

RETHINKING COMMUNITY AND CAMPUS SAFETY IS WHAT WE HAVE BEEN DOING AND WE HAVE THE ACTIONS TO SHOW FOR IT.

>> YOU ANNOUNCED IN MARCH THAT YOU WOULD BE STEPPING DOWN NEXT YEAR THAT IS NOT HAPPENING UNTIL AUGUST OF 2022 WHAT BROUGHT YOU TO THE DECISION?

>> WELL, I CAME HERE, BRANDIS, BACK IN 2009 ON A FIVE-YEAR CONTRACT.

AND QUICKLY THEY OFFERED ME ANOTHER FIVE-YEAR CONTRACT WHICH I GLADLY ACCEPTED I LOVED TEACHING AT NORTHWESTERN AND I LOVE THE HONOR OF BEING THE 16TH PRESIDENT AND SHORTLY INTO THAT TERM BACK IN 2015, THEY SAID DO YOU WANT ANOTHER FIVE-YEAR CONTRACT AND I SAID I HAD ALREADY BEEN A PRESIDENT FOR NINE YEARS BEFORE AT WILLIAMS COLLEGE IN MASSACHUSETTS AND I SAID NO THE THIRD TERM LET'S MAKE IT THREE.

AND I RECONFIRMED THAT BACK IN JULY OF 2019.

AND I KNOW SOME PEOPLE THINK I'M STEPPING DOWN BECAUSE OF THIS CONTROVERSY OR NOT.

BUT AS YOU REMEMBER CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSIZATION.

THIS WAS LONG PLANNED IF YOU ASKED ME IN 2015 HOW LONG I WOULD SERVE I WOULD SAY I WILL STEP DOWN IN AUGUST OF 2022 THAT WILL BE THE END OF 22 YEARS OF BEING A PRESIDENT WITH 13 AT NORTHWESTERN.

AND I'M HAPPY TO GIVE SOMEBODY ELSE THE GREAT OPPORTUNITY AS PRESIDENT.

>> AND SINCE YOU ARE A RIVAL UNDERGRADUATE APPLICATIONS SOARED AS HAS FUNDING FOR RESEARCH, YOU'VE DOUBLED THE ENDOWMENT.

WHAT IS NEXT?

WHAT IS YOUR NEXT STEP AFTER NEXT YEAR?

>> WELL, FOR ME, I DON'T KNOW.

IT IS A FULL-TIME JOB.

AND I LOVE THAT JOB.

EVEN THOUGH SOMETIMES I HAVE TO REMIND MYSELF HOW FORTUNATE I AM TO HAVE IT.

BUT I'M NOT THINKING AHEAD.

IT'S HARD TO BELIEVE BUT I'M NOT.

AND YOU WERE KIND TO MENTION SOME OF THE THINGS.

I HOPE I PLAYED SOME POSITIVE ROLE BUT IT'S THE FACULTY AND THE STAFF AND THE STUDENTS AND THE ALUMNI WHO LOVE THIS PLACE AND PROUD TO WEAR THE PURPLE.

AND I CERTAINLY WOULD NEVER SAY I'VE BEEN PERFECT BUT I'VE TRIED TO ADMIT WHEN I'VE BEEN WRONG AND LEARN FROM MY MISTAKES SO I DID NOT MAKE IT AGAIN AND I'M PROUD I CONTRIBUTED SOMETHING TO NORTHWESTERN.

IT'S BEEN DIFFICULT WITH COVID.

BUT I'M LOOKING FORWARD.

WE HAVE A MAKEUP GRADUATION FOR THE GRADUATING CLASS OF 2020 IN A COUPLE WEEKS AND SEVERAL DAYS OF GRADUATION FOR 2021.

AND I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO WELCOMING THE NEW STUDENTS FULLY INTO THE DORMS IN THE FALL.

>> LOTS TO MANAGE I'M SURE.

>> EXCITED ABOUT THE FUTURE.

>> YOU HAVE TIME BETWEEN NOW AND 2022.

AUGUST 2022.

HOPEFULLY WE'LL TALK TO YOU BEFORE THEN.

WE HAVE TO LEAVE IT THERE FOR NOW, PRESIDENT MORTON SCHAPIRO THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> UP NEXT, A DELAY IN THE PERMITTING PROCESS FOR SOUTH SIDE METAL SHREDDING COMPANY A CONVERSATION THAT AIRED ON SATURDAY'S "CHICAGO TONIGHT: LATINO VOICES".

FIRST, A LOOK AT THE WEATHER.

>> THE CITY OF CHICAGO IS DELAYING THE FINAL PERMIT FOR A CONTROVERSIAL METAL SHREDDING AND RECYCLING COMPANY ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE.

SOUTH SIDE RECYCLING WHICH IS OWNED BY THE COMPANY THAT UNTIL LAST YEAR OPERATED GENERAL IRON IN LINCOLN PARK HAS PLANNED A MOVE TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD.

BUT THE HEAD OF THE FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RECENTLY ASKED MAYOR LORI LIGHTFOOT TO CONDUCT AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ASSESSMENT IN THE COMMUNITY BEFORE ALLOWING THE COMPANY TO OPERATE.

JOINING US WITH MORE ON THIS LATEST UPDATE ARE RANDALL SANBORN SPOKESPERSON FOR RESERVE MANAGEMENT GROUP, THE PARENT COMPANY OF GENERAL IRON AND SOUTH SIDE RECYCLING.

GINA RAMIREZ MIDWEST OUTREACH MANAGER FOR THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVIST ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE.

GINA LET ME BEGIN WITH YOU, THIS PROPOSED NEW PLANT HAS GONE THROUGH REVIEW AND NOW THE EPA IS CALLING FOR THIS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ASSESSMENT.

WHAT EXACTLY IS THAT?

>> BASICALLY AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ASSESSMENT IS AN ANALYSIS OF THE CUMULATIVE BURDEN ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE.

THE SOUTHEAST SIDE IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE COMMUNITY THAT NEEDS DESPERATELY NEEDS REFORMS TO STOP THIS SYSTEMIC CONSOLIDATION OF POLLUTING INDUSTRIES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD.

OUR CHILDREN HAVE SOME OF THE HIGHEST RATES OF ASTHMA.

WE HAVE COPD.

WE HAVE CANCER.

THIS ASSESSMENT WILL BE LOOKING FURTHER INTO THE CUMULATIVE BURDEN OF POLLUTION THAT HAS EXISTED FOR GENERATIONS ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE.

>> RANDALL SANBORN THIS FINAL PERMIT WAS THE LAST STEP THAT THE PLANT HAD TO GO THROUGH BEFORE ACTUALLY BEGINNING CONSTRUCTION.

WHAT DOES THIS DELAY MEAN LOGISTICALLY FOR THE COMPANY?

>> WELL, A COUPLE OF THINGS, PHIL.

ONE IS AND THESE HAVE BEEN OCCURRING FOR THE LAST FOUR-AND-A-HALF MONTHS AND THEY WILL CONTINUE TO OCCUR.

ONE IS THAT IT'S GOING TO INCREASE THE ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN ON A SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE COMMUNITY IN PILSEN WHERE THE CITY'S ONLY OTHER METAL SHREDDER EXISTS AND OPERATES WITHOUT POLLUTION CONTROLS WHATSOEVER.

SO THE VOLUME OF MATERIAL THAT HAS BEEN GOING TO THAT RECYCLING FACILITY IS GOING TO INCREASE THE EMISSIONS UNCONTROLLED EMISSIONS THAT ARE BEING GENERATED AT THAT FACILITY WITH NO POLLUTION CONTROLS WHILE THE FACILITY ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE IS NOT ABLE TO BEGIN OPERATIONS.

AND SECONDLY IT'S HAVING A DETRIMENTAL IMPACT ON THE THOUSANDS OF INDEPENDENT RECYCLING SUPPLIERS SCRAPPERS THEY ARE CALLED, IN THE COMMUNITY WHO EARN THEIR LIVELIHOODS FROM CLEARING CHICAGO'S STREETS AND ALLEYS OF METAL PRODUCTS.

>> GINA RAMIREZ SPOKING WHEN THE METAL RECYCLERS COME THEY ARE TYPICALLY LATINO, TYPICALLY THEY SEEM TO BE INDEPENDENT OPERATORS THEY ARE NOT PART OF A LARGE CORPORATION.

IS THIS HAVING A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON WHAT APPEARS TO BE IN MANY CASES A PREDOMINANTLY LATINO WORKFORCE THAT IS INVOLVED IN ACTUALLY COLLECTING THE METAL AND TAKING IT INTO RECYCLING CENTERS?

>> THIS REALLY HAS BEEN ABOUT WHETHER WE SHOULD BE CONSOLIDATING POLLUTERS IN PILSEN, LITTLE VILLAGE OR THE SOUTHEAST SIDE.

THIS IS NOT A COMPETITION ANYONE WANTS TO WIN RIGHT NOW.

THE CITY IS CONSOLIDATING THE POLLUTERS AND IMPACTING NEGATIVELY THE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF RESIDENTS.

IT'S IMPORTANT THAT WE GET THIS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ANALYSIS FOR TOO LONG LABOR AND ENVIRONMENTALISTS ARE PITTED AGAINST EACH OTHER.

AND WE NEED TO HAVE JOBS THAT AREN'T DETRIMENTAL TO OUR HEAL THAT IS WHY WE'RE APPRECIATIVE FOR THIS FURTHER EVALUATION.

SO WE CAN GET AT THE ROOST OF THAT SYSTEMK PROBLEM WHICH IS CREATING MORE HEALTH INEQUITIES WITHIN THE CITY OF CHICAGO.

>> RANDALL, YOU CONNECTED US WITH A PERSON NAMED WHORE SAY PEREZ WHO LIVES IN SOUTH CHICAGO AND HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN SEVERAL INDUSTRY GROUPS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD.

AND HERE IS WHAT HE HAD TO SAY ABOUT THE SITUATION.

>> I KNOW RESERVE HAS ALREADY STRONG WORKFORCE.

IT IS A UNION SHOP THEY ARE TEAMSTERS MOST MAKE A GOOD WAGE OVER $80,000 AND MOST ARE HISPANIC AND MOST OF THEM PUT THEIR KIDS THROUGH SCHOOL THEY ARE WORKING HARD AND MAKING SACRIFICES.

IT'S TOUGH WORK.

BUT THAT'S THE STORY THAT GETS FORGOTTEN.

>> GINA RAMIREZ YOUR REACTION TO WHAT Mr. PEREZ HAD TO SAY?

>> WELL, THE UNION RAT HAS BEEN OUTSIDE ON THE FACILITY FOR THE PAST FEW MONTHS BECAUSE THEY ARE USING NONLABOR WORKERS TO EXPAND THIS NEW FACILITY.

SO WE HAVE HEARD CLAIMS ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS.

WE'VE HEARD CLAIMS ABOUT THE HIGH PAYING WAGES BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, AGAIN, ADDING ANOTHER POLLUTING INDUSTRY TO THE SOUTHEAST SIDE IS JUST NOT WORTH THE DEN THAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES.

>> RANDALL SANBORN YOUR RESPONSE TO THE ASSERTION THAT YOU WILL BE BRINGING POLLUTION TO AN AREA THAT HAS BEEN HEAVILY POLLUTED BY OTHER INDUSTRIES THE INDICATION THAT ASTHMA RATES ARE HIGH IN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

>> SURE.

THESE STUDIES OF CUMULATIVE IMPACT HAVE BEEN DONE FOR THE ILLINOIS EPA AND THE CITY OF CHICAGO AND THEY HAVE BEEN DONE ABOVE AND BEYOND EXPECTATIONS.

THEY HAVE FACTORED IN 175% OF THE MATERIAL FLOW RATE THAT THE NEW FACILITY WILL BE ALLOWED TO HANDLE AND THEY HAVE BEEN VERIFIED BY BOTH OF THESE STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES AS TO THE RESULTS AND THEY HAVE SHOWN THAT EVEN FACTORING IN THE EMISSIONS THAT EXIST FROM SURROUNDING SOURCES, NOT ONLY RMG'S COMPANION BUSINESS AND ALL OF THE SURROUNDING SOURCES ON THE INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR THAT THE NEW FACILITY WILL CONTINUE TO MEET AND EXCEED ALL RELEVANT HEALTH STANDARDS.

AND SO THESE STUDIES HAVE BEEN DONE AND THE DELAY IS NOT GOING TO ACCOMPLISH ANYTHING.

FURTHER THERE'S NO AUTHORITY FOR THE EPA IN THE CITY UNDER THEIR OWN RULES AND REGULATIONS TO HAVE SUCH A NEW STUDY AFTER THE ONES THAT HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED.

SO WE'RE JUST GOING AROUND IN CIRCLES UNFORTUNATELY.

WE ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CONCERNS THAT ARE BEING EXPRESSED.

BUT THE OPPONENTS ARE NOT ARGUING WITH THE SCIENCE.

THEY ARE ARGUING WITH THE SYMBOL OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THAT IS BRINGING JOBS AND KEEPING REVENUE IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO.

AND THEY HAVE MADE THIS FACILITY A DEMON FOR A LARGER CAUSE.

AND I UNDERSTAND THAT.

BUT IT'S MISPLACED BECAUSE THE STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE WILL NOT BE A WORSE CUMULATIVE IMPACT FROM THE FACILITY ON THE SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS.

>> GINA RAMIREZ, 20 SECONDS LEFT, QUICKLY, IF THIS LATEST ASSESSMENT THIS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ASSESSMENT CLEARS THE PATH FOR THIS TO GO FORWARD, WILL YOU SUPPORT IT?

>> NO.

WE NEED THE CITY NEEDS TO STOP CONCENTRATING INDUSTRY ON THE SOUTH AND WEST SIDES AND WE ARE GOING TO STOP UNTIL THERE'S EQUITY IN CHICAGO.

>> GINA RAMIREZ AND RANDALL SANBORN THANK YOU WE APPRECIATE YOUR INSIGHTS.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> AND BACK WITH MORE "CHICAGO TONIGHT" RIGHT AFTER THIS.

>> AND THAT EOUR SHOW FOR THIS MONDAY NIGHT.

JOIN US TOMORROW NIGHT LIVE AT 7:00 P.M. CHILDCARE IS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF GETTING PARENTS BACK TO WORK.

WE CHECK IN WITH DAYCARE CENTERS.

>> AND A LOOK INSIDE THE JACKSON 5 FAMILY HOME WITH MEMBERS MARLON AND TITO.

FOR ALL OF US HERE AT "CHICAGO TONIGHT" I'M BRANDIS FRIEDMAN.

THANKS FOR WATCHING.

STAY HEALTHY AND SAFE AND HAVE A GOOD NIGHT.

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