>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.

>> ERIC: IN THE NEXT HOUR WE'LL TALK ABOUT BIG DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UPCOMING DEREK CHAUVIN TRIAL, WE'LL SHOW YOU A POWERFUL MINI DOCUMENTARY FEATURING PERSONAL STORIES OF RACISM, AND WE'LL LEARN ABOUT A CONTROVERSIAL CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION IN ST. PETER.

PLUS A LOOK AT A LITTLE-KNOWN POLITICAL PIONEER.

>> Mary: I'LL HAVE A FASCINATING STORY OF THE STATE'S FIRST BLACK SENATOR, WHO WAS A VETERINARIAN FROM THE SUBURBS.

>> MOST PEOPLE WOULD THINK THAT PERSON WAS ELECTED FROM MINNEAPOLIS, BUT NO.

>> Mary: THAT'S COMING UP ON "ALMANAC."

♪♪♪ >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

SUPPORT IS ALSO PROVIDED BY· GREAT RIVER ENERGY: PROVIDING ELECTRICITY AND RELATED SERVICES TO 28 CO-OPS IN MINNESOTA.

A TOUCHSTONE ENERGY COOPERATIVE.

DELTA DENTAL OF MINNESOTA FOUNDATION: MAKING DENTAL CARE POSSIBLE FOR MINNESOTANS IN NEED.

DELTADENTALMN.ORG/TPT.

THE SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY: A TRIBAL NATION FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY AND COLLABORATION - ESPECIALLY IN TIMES LIKE TODAY.

ENBRIDGE: CONNECTING MINNESOTANS WITH ENERGY FOR OVER 70 YEARS.

MORE AT ENBRIDGE.COM/LINETHREEUS.

AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

MORE AT EDUCATIONMINNESOTA.ORG.

"ONE GREATER MINNESOTA" REPORTING ON "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART BY THE OTTO BREMER TRUST, WHOSE MISSION IS INVESTING IN PEOPLE, PLACES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE UPPER MIDWEST.

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT COMES FROM THE MINNEAPOLIS FOUNDATION, INSPIRING AND ENGAGING IN ACTION TO REALIZE STRONG, VIBRANT COMMUNITIES, AND FROM THE BLANDIN FOUNDATION.

>> ERIC: THANKS FOR TUNING IN THIS EVENING.

WE'LL TOUCH ON MANY TOPICS TONIGHT, INCLUDING NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UPCOMING TRIAL OF DEREK CHAUVIN.

>> CATHY: OFFICIALS IN MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL ARE ALREADY MAKING PLANS TO DEAL WITH POSSIBLE PROTESTS AND UNREST WHEN A VERDICT IS REACHED REGARDING THE OFFICER WHO PLACED HIS KNEE ON GEORGE FLOYD'S NECK.

AT THE SAME TIME CITIES ARE PLANNING FOR THAT VERDICT.

THEY ARE DEALING WITH A RISE IN CRIME SINCE LAST SPRING.

TO MAKE MATTERS WORSE, BOTH MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL HAVE SEEN A SPIKE IN CARJACKINGS, INCLUDING TWO HIGH-PROFILE ONES IN THE PAST WEEK.

MELVIN CARTER, III, IS THE MAYOR OF ST. PAUL AND HE JOINS US TO TALK ABOUT WHAT HIS CITY IS DOING TO COMBAT CRIME.

MAYOR CARTER, WELCOME.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME ON.

>> Cathy: YOU KNOW, THE OWNER OF THE NOME RESTAURANT ON SELBY AVENUE IN St. PAUL WAS PRETTY UPSET, WENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA OVER THE WEEKEND, ROASTED CITY OFFICIALS BECAUSE HIS ESTABLISHMENT HAS BEEN BROKEN INTO NUMEROUS TIMES.

NOW I KNOW AN ARREST HAS BEEN MADE.

AND THAT'S GREAT.

BUT THE QUESTION IS, AND HE MADE IT PRETTY CLEAR THAT CRIME RATES IN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD HAVE BEEN GOING UP AND CRIME IN St. PAUL'S BEEN GOING UP, TOO.

SO WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE CAPITAL CITY?

>> LOOK, THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT.

IT'S NOT JUST THAT NEIGHBORHOOD, IT'S NOT JUST St. PAUL.

CRIME RATES ALL ACROSS OUR COUNTRY ARE GOING UP RIGHT NOW.

IT REALLY SHOULDN'T BE A SURPRISE.

WE HAVE MORE AMERICANS HOMELESS, MORE HUNGRY, MORE UNEMPLOYED THAN EVER BEFORE IN OUR LIFETIME.

THOSE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN THE THINGS THAT LEAD TO NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME, AND THAT'S WHY WE'RE SEEING MORE OF IT, NOT JUST IN St. PAUL, NOT JUST IN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD BUT FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY.

IF IT FEELS LIKE MORE, IT IS.

BUT IF IT FEELS LIKE A NEW PHENOMENON, IT'S REALLY NOT.

IT'S MORE OF THE SAME OF WHAT MANY OF US HAVE GROWN UP IN St. PAUL EXPERIENCING, AND THIS IS WHY WE HAVE TO FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGE OUR APPROACH TO PUBLIC SAFETY.

THE HAPPY GNOME'S EXPERIENCE REALLY ILLUSTRATES VERY CLEARLY THAT THIS MODEL OF PUBLIC SAFETY THAT CENTERS AROUND RACING TO THE SCENE AS QUICK AS POSSIBLE AFTER SOMETHING TERRIBLE HAS HAPPENED IS INSUFFICIENT, THAT'S WHY WE'RE DOING ALL THE WORK THAT WE ARE WITH OUR POLICE DEPARTMENT, WITH OUR COMMUNITY PARTNERS, AND WITH OUR CITY COUNCIL TO BE MORE PROACTIVE AND BUILD OUR COMMUNITY FIRST PUBLIC SAFETY FRAMEWORK, WHICH IS THE MOST COORDINATED, THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE, MOST DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO PUBLIC SAFETY St. PAUL HAS EVER INTERVIEWED.

>> Eric: MAYOR, YOU STRESSED THE ROOT CAUSES OF CRIME.

I WONDER IF THAT AGENDA IS WORKING AS WELL AS YOU THOUGHT IT WOULD?

>> LOOK, AGAIN, I DON'T THINK ANYBODY THOUGHT WE'D BE WHERE WE ARE RIGHT NOW WITH THE COVID PANDEMIC, WITH AN ECONOMIC CRISIS, AND I'LL TELL YOU, YOU KNOW, MIKE TYSON ONCE SAID FAMOUSLY SAID, EVERYBODY'S GOT A PLAN UNTIL THEY GET PUMPLED IN THE FACE.

THERE'S A LOT GOING ON RIGHT NOW, AND I WOULD SAY NONE OF THOSE THINGS ARE GOING THE WAY WE EXPECTED THEM TO GO.

PUNCHED IN THE FACE.

IN 2019, WE EXPERIENCED A LARGE INCREASE IN GANG-INVOLVED, GROUP-INVOLVED VIOLENCE AND HOMICIDES.

WE ASKED OUR POLICE DEPARTMENT AND OUR COMMUNITY PARTNERS TO WORK TOGETHER TO BRING THAT NUMBER DOWN.

ACCORDING TO OUR POLICE DEPARTMENT, THAT NUMBER CAME DOWN DRAMATICALLY IN 2020, BUT YOU CAN'T REALLY TELL BECAUSE IT'S BEEN OFFSET BY AN INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF DOMESTIC HOMICIDE, FAMILY-RELATED VIOLENCE, AGAIN, ALONG WITH THIS NATIONAL TREND, WHICH IS ANOTHER REASON WHY OUR GOAL IS TO FOCUS ON FAMILIES, SUPPORTING FAMILIES, SUPPORTING MENTAL HEALTH, SUPPORTING CONNECTIVITY, CONNECTING PEOPLE TO THE RESOURCES THAT OUR COMMUNITIES HAVE TO OFFER IN A WAY THAT RESPONDS DIRECTLY TO THE CAUSES OF THE CRISIS THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY SEEING ON THE GROUND.

>> Cathy: WHAT DO YOU SAY TO PEOPLE, THOUGH, LIKE THE OWNER OF THE GNOME, WHO SAYS, LOOK, I'VE BEEN WAITING HERE FOR SOMEONE TO HELP ME OUT, AND, YES, ARREST HAS BEEN MADE, BUT CRIME STILL CONTINUES.

I MEAN, SO, WHAT DO YOU TELL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN VICTIMS?

>> LOOK, THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT.

AND THE FIRST THING I TELL THEM, I'VE BEEN A VICTIM AS WELL.

EVERYBODY KNOWS MY HOUSE GOT BROKEN INTO JUST A FEW YEARS AGO.

AND I KNOW THAT FEELING.

AND I KNOW THAT PUTTING SOMEBODY IN JAIL FOR THAT, IT GIVES YOU SOME SENSE OF RELIEF, BUT IT DOESN'T SOLVE THE PROBLEM.

THAT'S EXACTLY WHY WE HAVE TO GET MORE PROACTIVE, WE HAVE TO BE MORE INTENSE IN THIS WORK THAT WE ARE ALREADY COMMITTED TO.

THE GOOD NEWS IS St. PAUL HAS ALREADY COMMITTED OURSELVES TO THIS.

WE ALREADY KNOW THESE LESSONS AND WE'RE DOING THIS.

UNFORTUNATELY, WE SEE THAT MANY OF THE SAME VOICES THAT OFTEN SPEAK UP LOUDEST TO TELL US THAT OUR PUBLIC SAFETY SYSTEMS ARE NOT WORKING, THOSE ARE ALSO THE SAME PEOPLE WHO TRY HARD TOAST KEEP US FROM CHANGING THOSE SYSTEMS BUT WE ARE PRESSING FORWARD IN St. PAUL, THAT'S GOOD NEWS FOR HIM, THAT'S GOOD NEWS FOR ALL OF US.

>> Eric: MAY, I DON'T YOU'VE UNDERTAKEN -- MAYOR, YOU'VE UNDERTAKEN A PILOT PROJECT, 150 LOW-INCOME FAMILIES GETTING A $500-A-MONTH CHECK.

IS THAT A SUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO POVERTY?

HOW WOULD YOU MAKE THAT PERMANENT AND FULLY FUNDED?

>> THAT'S NOT A SUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO POVERTY AT ALL.

THERE'S NOTHING WE CAN DO THAT WOULD BE A SUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO THE FACT THAT WE HAVE 4-YEAR-OLDS AND BABIES IN OUR COMMUNITY WHO GO TO SLEEP HUNGRY AT THE END OF THE NIGHT.

OUR POINT IS NOT THAT THE CITY CAN SUSTAIN THIS LONG TERM.

I'M A FOUNDING MEMBER OF A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION CALLED MAYORS FOR A GUARANTEED INCOME THAT STARTED WITH 11 MAYORS AND IS NOW OVER THREE DOZEN MAYORS THAT WE ARE COMMITTED TO LOCAL PILOTS IN OUR COMMUNITIES, IT GIVES US A CHANCE TO HELP THOSE 150 FAMILIES IN St. PAUL WHO NEED HELP DESPERATELY RIGHT NOW, HELP THEM GET THROUGH THIS CRISIS.

BUT IT ALSO GIVES US A CHANCE TO HELP ESTABLISH THE NATIONAL RESEARCH AND SCIENCE AROUND THIS.

WE'RE DOING IT IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NATIONAL RESEARCH TEAM TO BE ABLE TO DISPEL SOME OF THOSE RACIST TROPES THAT EXIST AROUND WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU GIVE, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, THOSE PEOPLE MONEY.

THE STUDY AHEAD OF US IS THE CITY OF STOCKTON, St. PAUL IS THE SECOND CITY TO DO THIS.

IN STOCKTON, WHAT THEY FOUND, WE EXPECT TO FIND HERE AS WELL, WHEN LOW-INCOME FAMILIES HAVE A LITTLE BIT MORE MONEY LEFT AT THE END OF THE MONTH, THEY PAY THE RENT, THEY BUY GROCERIES, THEY FIX UP A CAR, GET A BUS CARD TO GO TO WORK, THEY DO THINGS THAT BENEFIT OUR ENTIRE COMMUNITY.

WE CAN DEMONSTRATE THAT, HOPEFULLY THAT WILL BE WIND IN THE SAILS AS WE ADVOCATE FOR THESE TYPES OF LONG-TERM POLICIES AT THE STATE AND FEDERAL LEVEL.

>> Cathy: MAYOR, I'M GOING TO GO BACK TO POLICING FOR JUST A MOMENT.

THE MINNEAPOLIS CITY COUNCIL, AS YOU KNOW, PASSED AN ORDINANCE BANNING THE MINNEAPOLIS POLICE DEPARTMENT FROM USING FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY.

THERE'S ARGUMENTS ON BOTH SIDES OF THAT.

SOME PEOPLE SAY IT'S TERRIBLE INVASION OF PRIVACY.

BUT POLICE SAY IT'S KIND OF A USEFUL TOOL.

DO YOU THINK St. PAUL'S GOING FOLLOW SUIT?

>> THAT'S NOT A CONVERSATION I'VE HAD WITH THE CHIEF YET.

SO I DON'T KNOW.

YOU KNOW, ONE THING THAT I DO KNOW IS THAT OUR RESIDENTS REALLY APPRECIATE THE RELATIONSHIP THAT WE ENJOY WITH OUR ST. PAUL POLICE DEPARTMENT.

UNFORTUNATELY, THESE CONVERSATIONS ARE DOMINATED BY SORT OF THE VOICES AT THE MARGIN.

BUT I THINK MOST PEOPLE, THE VAST MAJORITY OF PEOPLE IN OUR COMMUNITY KNOW THAT WE HAVE AN INCREDIBLE POLICE DEPARTMENT, FULL OF INCREDIBLE OFFICERS, WHO PROTECT AND SERVE OUR COMMUNITY WITH DIGNITY EVERY SINGLE DAY AND THAT OUR DEPARTMENT AND THE CULTURE OF POLICING IN AMERICA CENTERED IN THE HISTORY THAT IS FULL OF SYSTEMIC RACISM AND IS FULL OF A NUMBER OF CULTURAL ASPECTS THAT HAVE TO CHANGE.

I'M PROUD AND GRATEFUL TO BE IN A CITY THAT IS ABLE TO HAVE THESE TYPES OF BALANCED CONVERSATIONS AROUND PUBLIC SAFETY AND THAT'S GOING TO BE OUR KEY TO THE FUTURE.

>> Eric: MAYOR, THE CITY COUNCIL IS CONVENING A TASK FORCE ON REPARATIONS FOR SLAVERY.

YOU KNOW, MINNESOTA'S NOT A SLAVE STATE.

WHAT'S St. PAUL'S ROLE IN THAT DISCUSSION?

>> WELL, THAT'S WHAT WE'RE SETTING OUT TO FIND OUT.

YOU KNOW, MINNESOTA WAS NOT A SLAVE STATE.

BUT IT'S UNDENIAL THAT -- UNDENIABLE THAT EVERY ASPECT OF OUR ECONOMY TRACES IN SOME WAY, FORM OR FASHION TO THE INSTITUTION OF AMERICAN SLAVERY.

WE'VE APOLOGIZED FOR THAT INSTITUTION, AND WE'VE DISCUSSED AND WE CAN READ IN OUR TEXTBOOKS HOW TERRIBLE THAT WAS, BUT WE ALSO CONTINUE TO SEE THE IMPACTS OF THAT LEGACY PLAY OUT IN OUR COUNTRY, IN OUR COMMUNITY AND RIGHT HERE IN OUR CITY.

THE GOAL OF THAT TASK FORCE IS TO ADDRESS HOW THEY PLAY OUT AND TO EXPLORE THE ANSWER TO THE VERY QUESTION YOU JUST ASKED.

>> Eric: HAVE YOU BEEN CONTACTED BY THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION ABOUT ANY POSSIBLE POSITION?

>> NO.

NOT AT ALL.

I'M NOT INTERESTED IN ANY POSSIBLE POSITION.

THEY HAVEN'T CONTACTED ME BECAUSE I TOLD THEM EARLIER ON, NOT TO CONTACT ME.

I'M EXCITED TO BE THE MAYOR OF THIS CITY AND I'M LOOKING TO FORWARD TO FOUR MORE YEARS SERVING AS MAYOR OF THIS CITY.

>> Eric: THANKS FOR YOUR TIME TONIGHT, MAYOR.

THANKS.

>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME ON.

>> Cathy: THANK YOU.

♪♪♪ >> AFTER THE KILLING OF GEORGE FLOYD, DISCUSSIONS ABOUT RACISM ARE TAKING PLACE ACROSS THE STATE, INCLUDING GREATER MINNESOTA.

IN ST. PETER, CITY LEADERS ARE POISED TO INTRODUCE A RESOLUTION AGAINST RACISM.

OUR "ONE GREATER MINNESOTA" REPORTER KAOMI GOETZ WENT THERE TO FIND OUT MORE.

>> St. PETER CITY COUNCIL MEMBER BRAD DeVOS DESCRIBES HIMSELF AS POLITICALLY MODERATE.

ELECTED IN 2019, HE SAYS HE'S HARDLY A SOCIAL JUSTICE WARRIOR.

>> WE'RE A BUNCH OF WHITE PEOPLE ARGUING OVER SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES.

>> YET, HE'S ASKING HIS FELLOW SIX COUNCIL MEMBERS TO DISCUSS A CITYWIDE RESOLUTION AGAINST RACISM AND WHITE SUPREMACY.

>> I'M HERE BECAUSE MY -- YOU KNOW WHAT, MY FRIENDS?

I AM THEIR VOICE.

>> QUESTIONS FOR RUSS?

BRAD.

>> AS MUCH AS I CAME TO CITY COUNCIL TO TALK ABOUT SOLAR PANELS, I DID, I'M HERE NOW AND THEY AREN'T, AND THEY NEED ME TO STEP UP FOR THEM.

THAT'S REALLY WHAT IT COMES DOWN TO.

>> THE TOPIC CAME UP LAST SUMMER AFTER THE KILLING OF GEORGE FLOYD.

BUT IT DIDN'T GO ANYWHERE.

LAST MONTH, DURING A COUNCIL WORKSHOP, DeVOS FLOATED AN EXAMPLE OF A RESOLUTION THAT PASSED IN SALEM, OREGON, IN JANUARY.

>> AND I'M WONDERING IF ANY OTHER COUNCIL MEMBERS WOULD BE INTERESTED IN DISCUSSING THIS AT THE NEXT WORKSHOP?

THE MAYOR SAID, ABSOLUTELY NOT.

MAYOR WAS NOT INTERESTED AT ALL IN DISCUSSING IT OR DIDN'T THINK IT WAS THE ROLE OF THE CITY.

>> I COULDN'T QUOTE HIM DIRECTLY, BUT HE DEFINITELY VOICED THAT HE WAS NOT INTERESTED IN ISSUING A STATEMENT OF THAT KIND.

>> MAYOR CHUCK Z MAN DID NOT RESPOND TO INTERVIEW REQUESTS LEFT ON VOICE MAIL OR MADE THROUGH THE CITY MANAGER.

THE MEETING WASN'T RECORDED.

>> IS IT POSSIBLE THAT YOU MISINTERPRETED HIM AT ALL?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK I DID.

HE WAS PRETTY CLEAR.

AS WERE A COUPLE OF OTHER COUNCIL MEMBERS.

>> THEY'RE AMONG FOUR NEW MODERATE TO PROGRESSIVE-LEANING MEMBERS ON THE COUNCIL.

NOEL SAYS SILENCE AFTER GEORGE FLOYD'S MURDER IS UNACCEPTABLE.

>> I'VE HAD A GREAT LIFE HERE.

I'VE HAD A LOT OF ADVANTAGES LIVING IN MINNESOTA AND I KNOW THAT NOT EVERYBODY HAS THAT EXPERIENCE.

>> NATURALLY THERE'S FEAR.

RIGHT?

I THINK THERE'S FEAR THAT IF WE -- THAT IF WE DO THINGS AROUND EQUITY, SOMEONE LOSES.

>> HAYES SAYS COMMUNITIES ALL AROUND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA ARE WRESTLING WITH ACKNOWLEDGING RACISM AFTER GEORGE FLOYD.

AND ITS NO -- IT'S NO ACCIDENT THAT St. PETER IS AT THIS MOMENT.

>> St. PETER IS IN A POSITION TO DO A RESOLUTION BECAUSE St. PETER HAS BEEN DOING SOME WORK.

A RESOLUTION MIGHT NOT BE THE FIRST STEP POSSIBLE FOR A SMALLER COMMUNITY.

RIGHT?

SO I THINK IT'S INCUMBENT UPON US TO UNDERSTAND THAT THOSE SMALLER COMMUNITIES THAT THEY START IN DIFFERENT PLACES.

AND, SO, WHAT CAN WE DO?

>> A RESOLUTION WOULD ONLY NEED FOUR OF SEVEN VOTES TO PASS.

VOTES SUPPORTERS THINK THEY HAVE.

BUT THE PATH FORWARD WILL LIKELY BE CONTENTIOUS.

>> I KNOW TRADITIONALLY HOW THE COUNCIL HAS DONE THINGS.

AND I CAN TELL YOU VERY CLEARLY THAT FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, 23 YEARS OF PERSPECTIVE, THAT THE COUNCILS THAT HAVE BEEN IN PLACE HERE IN St. PETER HAVE TRADITIONALLY AVOIDED DECLARATIVE RESOLUTIONS.

>> INSTEAD, THE CITY HAS RELIED ON A LIST OF ITEMS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE.

CITY ADMINISTRATOR SAYS THEY'VE SET St. PETER'S VALUES FOR THE PAST 125 TO 18 YEARS.

>> ONE OF THEM IS TREATING EVERYONE IN OUR COMMUNITY LIKE A NEIGHBOR.

15 TO 18.

ONE OF THE OTHER ONES IS HAVING A PLAN FOR CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS.

>> HE SAYS THIS LIST WOULD BE A REASONABLE PLACE FOR THIS DISCUSSION.

>> I DON'T KNOW THAT DECLARATIVE RESOLUTIONS, WHETHER IT'S ABOUT WHITE SUPREMACY OR ABOUT THE USE OF HAND SANITIZER AS AN EXAMPLE, REALLY MOVE THE NEEDLE.

♪♪♪ >> ERIC: TRIAL WILL BEGIN IN LESS THAN A MONTH FOR FORMER MINNEAPOLIS POLICE OFFICER DEREK CHAUVIN.

HE STANDS CHARGED WITH MURDER IN THE DEATH OF GEORGE FLOYD LAST MAY.

WEDNESDAY NIGHT THE "NEW YORK TIMES" REPORTED THAT JUST DAYS AFTER FLOYD'S KILLING, CHAUVIN HAD ACCEPTED A PLEA AGREEMENT THAT WOULD HAVE PUT HIM IN PRISON FOR TEN YEARS FOR FLOYD'S DEATH.

THAT DEAL WOULD HAVE REQUIRED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO AGREE TO NOT CHARGE HIM WITH CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS.

THE DEAL ULTIMATELY FELL THROUGH.

HERE TO TALK ABOUT THIS REVELATION AND THE TRIAL TO COME IS RACHEL PAULOSE.

SHE'S A FORMER U.S. ATTORNEY, NOW ON THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS LAW SCHOOL.

PROFESSOR, JUST YOUR SPECULATION, WHICH SIDE LEAKED THAT STORY TO "THE NEW YORK TIMES" AND DOES IT HAVE AN IMPACT ON JURY SELECTION OR THE TRIAL?

[ Indiscernible ] >> LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENTS.

I DON'T THINK THAT IT WILL HAVE A DIRECT OR COMPELLING RESULT FOR THREE REASONS.

ONE, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL DOES NOT HAVE THE POWER TO NEGOTIATE STATE CHARGES.

SO THE REPORT IS MATERIALLY FALSE IN THAT RESPECT.

SECONDLY, ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY'RE PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND, THIRD, MAYBE, MOST IMPORTANT, MURDER THREE IS OFF THE TABLE.

SO INSTEAD OF PROVIDENTIAL JUSTICE, JUDGE CAHILL RULED HOURS YESTERDAY AFTER THAT REPORT CAME OUT THAT THIRD-DEGREE MURDER WAS NOT APPROPRIATE AS A MATTER OF LAW TO CHARGE IN THIS CASE.

SO IT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN AN OPTION.

BASED ON MINNESOTA STATE LAW.

>> Cathy: YOU KNOW, I UNDERSTAND THAT EARLY NEGOTIATIONS IN A CASE ARE NOT UNUSUAL, IS THAT RIGHT?

>> IT IS NOT UNUSUAL TO HAVE EARLY NEGOTIATIONS, BUT THOSE NEGOTIATIONS ARE PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL.

YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE REASON FOR THAT.

PEOPLE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT THEY'RE NEGOTIATING IN GOOD FAITH AND THAT WHEN THEY SHOW VULNERABILITY OR ACKNOWLEDGE THE WEAKNESSES OF THEIR CASE THAT THOSE DISCUSSIONS WILL BE HELD IN PRIVATE.

SO GIVEN THAT, THE WHOLE CASE HERE IS TRUST IN GOVERNMENT, I THINK IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT EVERYBODY ON THE GOVERNMENT SIDE FOCUS ON WHAT'S IMPORTANT HERE, WHICH IS ATTAINING GUILTY VERDICTS AT TRIAL.

NOT LEAKING STORIES TO THE PRESS THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE TRUE AND THAT ARE CLEARLY DESIGNED TO START APPORTIONING BLAME EVEN BEFORE WE'VE MOVED TO THE TRIAL.

>> Cathy: I WONDER WHAT COULD HAVE CHANGED HAD A PLEA BEEN AGREED TO EARLY ON?

>> WELL, IT WOULD HAVE DEPENDED ON WHO PLED AND TO WHAT CHARGES THEY PLED.

SO AT THIS POINT WE'RE LEFT WITH CHARGES OF SECOND-DEGREE MURDER AND INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER AGAINST DEREK CHAUVIN AND AIDING AND ABETTING THOSE CHARGES AGAINST THE OTHER THREE DEFENDANTS.

AND IT'S VERY CLEAR BASED ON THE JUDGE'S SOVEREIGNENCE OF THE TRIAL THAT THE TRIAL STRATEGY HAS NOW SHIFTED FOR THE THREE CO-CONSPIRATORS OR AIDERS AND ABETTORS IN THIS CASE.

>> Eric: THE STATE HAD ASKED FOR THE TRIAL TO BE DELAYED ON COVID-19 AND PUBLIC SAFETY GROUNDS.

BUT DOES THAT BETRAY SOME MAYBE PERCEIVED WEAKNESS IN THE STATE'S CASE?

>> I THINK THAT THE PLEADINGS THEMSELVES KNOWS THAT THEY'RE HIGH PUBLIC INTEREST IN THIS CASE AND THAT THERE ARE LEGITIMATE FACTORS TO CONSIDER, INCLUDING THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF WITNESSES, THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE COMMUNITY AND PEOPLE WHO WILL BE GATHERED OUTSIDE THE COURTHOUSE EVERY DAY FOR DEMONSTRATIONS AND SAFETY OF THE CITY IN THE MIDST OF A PANDEMIC.

AND I THINK IT'S THE GOVERNMENT'S DUTY TO THINK ABOUT ALL OF THOSE THINGS IN ADVANCE OF A TRIAL.

>> Eric: CAUSE OF DEATH, THE KEY COMPONENT OF THIS, DO YOU THINK?

>> CORRECT.

NO ONE DISAGREES ON THE FACT THAT Mr. FLOYD WAS KILLED WHILE IN POLICE CUSTODY.

THE ISSUE WILL BE WAS HE KILLED AAS A RESULT OF -- AS A RESULT OF THE POLICE USING EXCESSIVE FORCE, WHICH IS THE GOVERNMENT'S THEORY OF THE CASE, OR WAS HE KILLED BECAUSE HE DID NOT COMPLY WITH REASONABLE POLICE DIRECTIVES, HE WAS OTHERWISE NONCOMPLIANT WITH OTHER MEASURES, AND HE HAD UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS IN HIS LIFE?

IT'S CLEAR THAT THE DEFENSE STRATEGY IN THIS CASE IS GOING TO BE TO BLAME THE VICTIM.

>> Cathy: SO NOW THAT THE APPEALS COURT SAYS IT WON'T STEP IN TO DELAY THE TRIAL, THAT MEANS THAT JURY SELECTION BEGINS IN ABOUT 24 DAYS OR SO.

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO BE WATCHING?

>> MARCH 8th.

SO JURY SELECTION WILL -- IT'S A STANDARD PROCEDURE.

THIS IS AN EXPERIENCED JUDGE.

THESE ARE EXPERIENCED LAWYERS.

ESSENTIALLY THE JOB OF LAWYERS AT THIS POINT IS TO WEED OUT JURORS WHO HAVE OVERT AND OBVIOUS BIAS.

BUT ALSO TO CONTINUE TO MARSHAL THE EVIDENCE, THE WITNESSES AND THE THEORY OF THE CASE, WHICH MAY EVOLVE DEPENDING ON WHAT HAPPENS AT TRIAL.

>> Eric: FORMER OFFICER CHAUVIN IS TRIED IN ONE TRIAL AND THEN THE THREE OTHER FORMER OFFICERS ARE TRIED IN A SECOND TRIAL.

WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THAT?

>> WELL, IT WAS CLEAR FROM EARLY CASE PLEADINGS THAT THE INTEREST OF ALL FOUR DEFENDANTS WERE ALIGNED.

THAT HAS NOW CHANGED.

AND, SO, THE BEST POSSIBLE RESULT FOR THE THREE CO-DEFENDANTS IS FOR DEREK CHAUVIN'S TRIAL -- FOR DEREK CHAUVIN TO BE ACQUITTED OF ALL CHARGES.

IN WHICH CASE THAT ANY OF THEM WOULD BE CONVICTED OF ANYTHING DECREASES DRAMATICALLY.

WHEREAS, BEFORE, THEY SEEM TO BE ADOPTING A STRATEGY OF BLAMING DEREK CHAUVIN ALONE FOR EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENED LEADING TO Mr. FLOYD'S KILLING.

>> Cathy: SAY, GETTING BACK TO THE JURY SELECTION FOR JUST A MOMENT, IF I COULD.

ARE YOU THINKING THAT THE RACIAL MAKEUP OF THIS JURY WILL BE KEY TO THIS CASE SPECIFICALLY?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

AND I THINK THAT'S DEMONSTRATED BY THE FACT THAT THE DEFENSE MOVED GREATLY TO -- DESPERATELY TO TRY TO CHANGE VENUE IN THIS CASE THE OPTIONS THEY SUGGESTED FOR THE LOCATION OF THE TRIAL WERE ALL IN RURAL MINNESOTA, IN SOME CASES IN AREAS THAT HAD LESS THAN 1% MINORITY POPULATION.

SO WE'RE WELL AWARE THAT IN MINNESOTA THE ONLY AREA OF OUR STATE THAT HAS ANY SIGNIFICANT MINORITY REPRESENTATION IS HERE IN THE TWIN CITIES.

THE FACT THAT IT'S GOING TO BE TRIED IN THE TWIN CITIES INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD THAT THE JURY WILL REFLECT THE DIVERSITY OF THE COMMUNITY, AND IT ALSO, I THINK, SENDS AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE ON THE SIXTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION WHICH, VESTED IN THE PEOPLE, THE ULTIMATE POWER OVER THE JUDICIARY, INCLUDING THROUGH THEIR SERVICE ON JURY TRIALS.

IN OTHER WORDS, COMMUNITY JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY STANDARDS ARE IMPORTANT, AND THE ONLY WAY THOSE INTERESTS CAN BE VINDICATED IN THIS CASE WOULD BE IF A MINNEAPOLIS JURY TRIED CHAUVIN AND THE CO-DEFENDANTS.

>> Eric: I'VE SEEN THIS DESCRIBED AS AN INTERNATIONAL TEST FOR POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE.

IS THAT HYPE OR LEGIT?

>> I DON'T THINK IT'S AT ALL HYPE.

I THINK WHEN YOU CONSIDER THE FACT HERE THAT A MAN DIED IN POLICE CUSTODY FOR ALLEGEDLY USING A $20 COUNTERFEIT BILL, THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE IN THIS CASE IS A DRAMATIC -- WAS A DRAMATIC RESPONSE AND MANY WOULD ARGUE COMPLETELY AND WHOLLY UNREASONABLE.

THE NOTION THAT ANY AMERICAN CITIZEN COULD BE TRIED, CONVICTED, AND EXECUTED ON A PUBLIC SIDEWALK IN THIS COUNTRY I THINK IS OUTRAGEOUS.

AND THERE NEEDS TO BE AN ACCOUNTING FOR THAT.

>> Eric: THANKS FOR YOUR TIME, PROFESSOR.

APPRECIATE IT.

THANK YOU.

>> Cathy: THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

♪♪♪ >> FOR BLACK HISTORY MONTH, SENATOR BOBBY JOE CHAMPION STOOD UP ON THE STATE SENATE FLOOR TO TALK ABOUT THE FIRST BLACK SENATOR IN MINNESOTA.

IT GOT US THINKING.

MARY LAHAMMER STARTED DOING SOME RESEARCH AND DISCOVERED THAT SENATOR ROBERT LEWIS LIVED UP THE STREET FROM HER AND HER FAMILY WHICH ALSO FEATURES ANOTHER POLITICAL REPORTER WHO COVERED THE GROUNDBREAKING SENATOR.

>> MOST PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE THAT THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WHO CAME HERE TO THE MINNESOTA SENATE WAS A GUY BY THE NAME OF Dr. ROBERT LEWIS, Dr. LEWIS, WHO WAS A VETERINARIAN GRACED THIS BODY IN 1972.

>> Mary: THE FIRST BLACK SENATOR IN THE STATE OF MINNESOTA HAILED FROM THE SUBURB OF St. LOUIS PARK.

>> 1970 CENSUS SHOWED THAT 1/3 OF THE RESIDENTS IN St. LOUIS PARK IDENTIFIED THEMSELVES AS ROMAN CATHOLICS.

1/3 IDENTIFIED THEMSELVES AS PROTESTANTS.

AND 1/3 IDENTIFIED THEMSELVES AS JEWISH.

>> Mary: MY FATHER, LONGTIME POLITICAL REPORTER GENE LAHAMMER, KNOWS A LOT ABOUT PARK, SINCE IT'S WHERE HE CHOSE TO RAISE HIS FAMILY AS WELL.

>> HEAVILY WHITE AT THAT TIME.

JUST MAYBE A DOZEN OR SO FAMILIES, BLACK FAMILIES IN St. LOUIS PARK, WHEN BOB LEWIS WAS ELECTED TO THE SCHOOL BOARD.

WHICH IS ABOUT THE SAME TIME AS THE LAHAMMERS MOVED TO St. LOUIS PARK.

>> Mary: DO YOU THINK THAT RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY HELPED St. LOUIS PARK DO BETTER THAN OTHER SUBURBS WHEN IT CAME TO RACIAL DIVERSITY?

>> UNQUESTIONABLY THAT THE JEWISH INFLUX, THEY BROUGHT A RICH DIVERSITY TO THE COMMUNITY THAT TAUGHT US, YOU KNOW, TO EVALUATE PEOPLE AS PEOPLE, NOT BY ANY RELIGION OR THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN.

>> Mary: Dr. ROBERT LOU US, WHO HAD A VETERINARY CLINIC ON HIS PROPERTY NEAR THE ROLLER GARDENS UP THE STREET, LATER SAID IN A NEWSPAPER ACCOUNT THAT A NEIGHBOR CIRCULATED A PETITION AGAINST HIM BUT ONLY ONE PERSON SIGNED IT.

>> Mary: YOU HAVE KIND OF A SIMILAR EXPERIENCE WHEN THE FIRST FAMILY OF COLOR MOVED ON TO OUR STREET.

CAN YOU TELL THAT STORY?

>> OH, Dr. ELLIS.

A NEIGHBOR LADY CAME UP TO ME AND TOLD ME THAT THAT WAS THE CASE.

AND SHE SAID, WELL, WE CERTAINLY DON'T WANT ANY MORE OF THEM MOVING IN HERE.

AND I LOOKED AT HER AND KIND OF -- IN KIND OF ASTONISHMENT AND I REMEMBER TELLING HER, ISN'T IT WONDERFUL THAT A DOCTOR HAS MOVED INTO OUR NEIGHBORHOOD?

AND THAT WAS THE LAST I HEARD FROM HER.

>> Mary: LEWIS QUICKLY ROSE TO PROMINENCE IN HIS PRACTICE AND IN POLITICS.

>> HE WAS ALSO THE FIRST BLACK MEMBER ELECTED TO St. LOUIS PARK SCHOOL BOARD, I WAS AWARE OF, WAS WELL THOUGHT OF IN THE COMMUNITY, OBVIOUSLY, BECAUSE HE GOT ELECTED TO STATE SENATE FROM St. LOUIS PARK, WHICH COMPRISED MOST OF THE SENATE DISTRICT.

>> JUST HIS SHEER PERSONALITY WAS SUCH THAT HE WAS LIKED BY EVERYBODY.

AND I MEAN THAT ACROSS THE CHAMBER, REPUBLICAN, DEMOCRAT, DIDN'T MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE.

>> Mary: SO YOU HAD TO WORK TOGETHER FAIRLY CLOSELY, I'M GUESSING.

>> OH, YEAH, WE OFFICED TOGETHER.

SO IT WAS JUST -- IT WAS AN ABSOLUTE DELIGHT.

HE WAS REALLY GOOD, EXCELLENT LEGISLATOR.

AND HAD A GREAT SENSE OF HUMOR.

>> Mary: THIS IS THE NICK COLEMAN ERA WHERE A GREAT SENSE OF HUMOR IS OF GREAT VALUE IN THE SENATE, ISN'T IT?

>> HE WAS GOOD.

I'LL JUST TELL YOU A STORY ABOUT ONE DAY.

HE AND I HAD DECIDED THAT WE WOULD HAVE AN OFFICE LUNCH.

WE'D ORDER PIZZA OUT AND WE'D JUST HAVE LUNCH WITH THE STAFF IN THE OFFICE.

WELL, SO WE DID THAT, AND WE WERE ALL GATHERED IN THE OFFICE, BUT BOB WAS LATE.

AND, SO, HE COMES IN TO THE OFFICE A LITTLE BIT LATE.

HE OPENS THE DOOR, HE STICKS HIS HEAD IN, AND HE SAYS, GUESS WHO'S COMING TO DINNER?

>> Mary: SENATOR MOE SERVED IN COMMITTEE AND AS A FELLOW CHAIR WITH LEWIS, WHO LOVED TO SURPRISE PEOPLE.

>> IF YOU WERE JUST SITTING IN THE AUDIENCE LOOKING AT HIM, YOU WOULD SWEAR HE WAS ASLEEP.

HE WOULD SIT LIKE THIS.

SIT LIKE THIS.

WITH HIS EYES CLOSED.

AND PRETTY SOON ALL OF A SUDDEN HE'D SAY, Mr. CHAIRMAN, AND HE'D ASK THE MOST PROFOUND QUESTIONS OF THE PERSON WHO WAS AT THE TABLE.

IT WAS AMAZING.

>> Mary: SO HE CAUGHT PEOPLE OFF GUARD, IT SOUNDS LIKE.

>> OH, YEAH.

HE WAS VERY GOOD.

>> Mary: THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN SENATOR WENT ON TO BE THE FIRST BLACK PERSON TO HAVE A BUILDING ESSENTIALLY NAMED AFTER HIM AT THE U OF M. THE SMALL ANIMAL HOSPITAL AND SEVERAL SHELTERS FOR BATTERED WOMEN BEAR HIS NAME.

HE FOCUSED ON WOMEN AND SOCIAL SERVICES BEFORE HIS SUDDEN PASSING.

>> HE REALLY FOCUSED ON PEOPLE WHO DIDN'T HAVE A SHOT IN LIFE AND HE WANTED TO MAKE LIFE BETTER FOR THEM.

HE WAS A GREAT GUY, GREAT LEGISLATOR.

>> Mary: AND DIED VERY SUDDENLY AND YOUNG.

>> WE WERE STUNNED AT THE TIME.

BECAUSE HE WAS SUCH A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTOR TO THE PROCESS.

YOU KNOW, BEING THE ONLY AFRICAN AMERICAN IN THE SENATE AT THE TIME, HE WAS, YOU KNOW, HE WAS UNIQUE IN THAT REGARD.

BUT JUST A GREAT LEGISLATOR.

>> Mary: MY FATHER HAD TO CONFIRM THE SENATOR'S DEATH AND WORKED ON THE STORY.

>> I EDITED THAT STORY.

AND I DO RECALL FROM THAT STORY NICK COLEMAN, WHO WAS THE SENATE MAJORITY LEADER, HIS CLOSING WORDS WERE, I WOULD TELL MINNESOTANS THAT YOU HAVE LOST A GOOD FRIEND TODAY.

>> Mary: SENATOR LEWIS WILL GO DOWN IN HISTORY, LIKELY, AS THE FIRST PERSON OF COLOR TO HAVE LANE IN STATE AT THE MINNESOTA CAPITOL.

HE HAD TO BE THE FIRST PERSON OF COLOR TO RECEIVE THAT HONOR.

>> I WOULD GUESS SO.

THAT WAS VERY VERY RARE BECAUSE THE ONLY OTHER PERSON I'VE KNOWN IN THE 25 OR 30 YEARS I SPENT OVER THERE THAT LIED IN STATE WAS HUBERT HUMPHREY.

>> IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE THIS IS 1973, WHEN HE GOT ELECTED.

FROM A SUBURBAN DISTRICT HERE IN THE TWIN CITIES.

HE MADE HIS MARK.

>> I BELIEVE IT WAS 1899 OR SOMEWHERE IN THE LATE 1800s IS WHEN THE FIRST HOUSE MEMBER WAS ELECTED.

AND THAT'S INTERESTING BECAUSE THERE'S NO JUSTIFICATION AS TO WHY, YOU KNOW, THERE WAS THAT LAG IN TIME.

♪♪♪ >> ROSES ARE RED, VIOLETS ARE BLUE, MY NEWLY MINTED TEENAGER WON'T KISS ME ANYMORE AND I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.

IT MUST HAVE JUST HAPPENED HERE LATELY BECAUSE WHEN HE WAS A BABY, HE LOVED LOCKIN' LIPS WITH HIS MAMA.

NOW TO GET THAT CHILD ANYWHERE CLOSE TO ME IS JUST TOO MUCH DRAMA.

IN ORDER TO SMOOCH WITH MY FIRST-BORN SON, I HAVE TO MAKE PROMISES AND BRIBE HIM WITH EVERYTHING UNDER THE SUN.

BOX COMBOS FROM RAISIN' CANES GETS ME FIVE SECONDS OF LOVE.

A NEW GAME FOR HIS XBOX, YEAH, THAT ONE RIGHT THERE, MIGHT EVEN COME WITH A HUG.

I TRY TO REMIND HIM OF ALL THE SACRIFICES I'VE MADE OVER THE YEARS.

HOW I PRAYED AND CRIED AND HELD HIM TO GROW INTO THE AWESOME YOUNG MAN THAT HE IS.

I MEAN, SHOOT, BEFORE HE WAS BORN, I PAID FOR A CLASS SO THAT I COULD LEARN HOW TO BREASTFEED THIS BOY!

BUT NOW, EVEN A PECK ON MY CHEEK BRINGS HIM NO JOY.

I JUST WANT TO KNOW, CAN A MAMA GET A LITTLE BIT OF GRACE?

SO THAT ANDREW'S KISSES CAN AGAIN BECOME COMMONPLACE.

BECAUSE LORD KNOWS I'M SMUGGLING WITH MY LITTLE BABY.

BUT NOW THAT ITS VALENTINE'S DAY, I'M HOPING THAT JUST MAYBE WE CAN START A NEW FAMILY TRADITION, I'M GOING TO PROPOSE A NEW DEAL AND HOPEFULLY IT WON'T BE TOO HARD FOR ANDREW TO SWALLOW THIS PILL.

WHERE I'LL TAKE CARE OF ALL HIS CHORES AND EVEN CLEAN UP THE KITCHEN IN EXCHANGE FOR A DAY OF UNLIMITED HUGS AND LOTS OF KISSES.

NOW, HEY, IF HE SAYS NO, AND GIVES ME ANY GRIEF, I'LL JUST HAVE TO SNEAK IN HIS ROOM AT NIGHT AND DO IT WHILE HE'S ASLEEP.

♪♪♪ >> 18 MONTHS AGO YOU MAY REMEMBER THAT WE DEVOTED THE LAST HALF OF "ALMANAC" TO A MINI DOCUMENTARY ON THE COPPER NICKEL MINING CONTROVERSY IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA.

DOING A LONG STORY LIKE THAT WAS A BIT OF AN EXPERIMENT AND WE ASKED YOU IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE US DO IT AGAIN.

HUNDREDS OF YOU TOLD US YOU WOULD LIKE THAT.

TONIGHT, WE'RE WE'RE DOING IT AGAIN.

THE LAST HALF OF THIS WEEK'S SHOW WILL TAKE A LOOK AT THE ISSUE OF STRUCTURAL RACISM.

WE'LL SHOW YOU A 17-MINUTE DOCUMENTARY ON THE TOPIC THAT WAS CREATED BY A FAMILAR FACE TO "ALMANAC" VIEWERS, J.D.

STEELE OF THE STEELE FAMILY SINGERS.

BEFORE WE SHOW THE FILM THAT'S CALLED "LISTEN!

PLEASE!"

WE'RE GOING TO TALK TO J.D.

ABOUT WHY HE MADE IT.

GOOD TO SEE YOU, MY FRIEND, HOW ARE YOU?

>> GOOD TO SEE YOU GUYS.

IT'S GREAT TO SEE YOU GUYS.

I'M DOING GREAT.

>> Cathy: THANKS FOR BEING HERE.

WE ALL KNOW YOU'RE A WONDERFUL MUSICIAN.

NOW YOU'VE KIND OF TURNED AND YOU HAVE A NEW ROLE HERE AS A FILMMAKER.

WHAT SPURRED YOU TO MAKE THIS FILM?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, I GOT A PHONE CALL FROM A DEAR FRIEND OF MINE ONE DAY, HER NAME IS PENNY WINTON, AND SHE'S A GREAT ARTS PATRON HERE IN THIS COMMUNITY, HAS BEEN AN ACTIVIST HERSELF FOR MANY MANY DECADES.

AND AFTER THE GEORGE FLOYD MURDER, SHE CALLED ME AND SHE SAID, YOU KNOW WHAT, J.D.?

YOU SHOULD DO A FILM ON SYSTEMIC RACISM.

AND I THOUGHT, I HAVE NEVER DONE A FILM.

AND MY FIRST THOUGHT WAS, I HAVE SOME FRIENDS OF MINE WHO ARE WONDERFUL FILMMAKERS.

AND I COULD REFER THEM TO HER.

BUT AFTER I WENT TO BED THAT NIGHT, I WOKE UP WITH AN EPIPHANY.

AND I THOUGHT, I THINK I CAN PUT THIS TOGETHER.

SO I HAD THIS IDEA TO INTERVIEW FOUR OCTOBER GENARIANS BECAUSE WHEN YOU'RE IN YOUR 80s, YOU'VE SEEN IT AND YOU'VE DONE IT AND YOU'VE LIVED THROUGH IT.

AND, SO, I PUT A SHORT LIST TOGETHER OF OCTA GENARIANS THAT I ADMIRE, ADORE AND RESPECT, INCLUDING MY MOTHER.

BILL ENGLISH IS A DEAR FRIEND OF MINE, Dr. JOSIE JOHNSON IS AN INCREDIBLE WOMAN WHO'S DONE SO MUCH FOR THIS COMMUNITY AND ELDER MAHMOUD IS STEEPED IN BLACK HISTORY AND THEY ALL HAD SOMEWHAT WONDERFUL THINGS TO SAY, INCLUDING MY MOTHER.

>> Eric: J.D., YOU DEAL A LOT WITH YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY THROUGH MUSIC AND SO FORTH.

AND I'M WONDERING IF THIS WOULD BE A VALUE TO SOME OF THE YOUNGER HE -- FOLKS IN THE COMMUNITY TO KIND OF HEAR FROM THE ELDERS?

>> YOU KNOW, I ALWAYS THINK IT'S A VALUE TO LISTEN TO THE ELDERS.

AND WE DON'T DO THAT AND RESPECT THAT ENOUGH IN OUR CULTURES HERE IN AMERICA.

SO I DO GET A CHANCE TO WORK WITH THESE WONDERFUL YOUNG PEOPLE THROUGH MY WORK WITH McPHAIL CENTER FOR MUSIC AND MY COMMUNITY CHOIRS.

SO I'VE TALKED TO A COUPLE OF SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS WHO ARE INTERESTED IN SHARING IT WITH SOME OF THE KIDS IN HIGH SCHOOL.

>> Cathy: SO ELDERS, OF COURSE, DO HAVE AMAZING STORIES, AND WE DO LEARN FROM THEMMENT.

I'M WONDERING, DID YOU LEARN SOMETHING NEW BY TALKING TO THESE ELDERS?

>> YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I LEARNED IS THAT I'M KIND OF AN ELDER MYSELF.

[ Laughter ] I THOUGHT, YOU KNOW, I'M NOT TOO FAR OFF FROM THIS AGE GROUP.

AND I JUST LEARNED SO MUCH BY LISTENING TO SOME OF THEIR STORIES.

MY MOTHER TOLD SOME STORIES THAT I HAD NOT HEARD BEFORE.

AND I REALIZED HOW SCARRED SHE WAS BY AN EVENT THAT YOU'LL SEE IN THE FILM.

IT STILL PAINS HER.

SO THAT WAS A LEARNING EXPERIENCE.

AND WORKING WITH THE EMMY AWARD WINNING VIDEOGRAPHER CARL DEEMER, I LEARNED A LOT ABOUT WHAT IT TAKES TO EDIT FIVE HOURS OF FILM DOWN TO 17, 18 MINUTES.

>> Eric: THIS WILL BE ON LATER THIS MONTH ON TPD AND WE ASK YOU TO CHECK YOUR LOCAL LISTINGS.

YOU'VE GOT A FUND-RAISING COMPONENT AT THE CAPRI THEATER IN NORTH MINNEAPOLIS.

>> AT THE END OF THE FILM, WE ASK PEOPLE IF THEY'RE WILLING AND CAN, IF THEY WOULD DONATE TO THE CAPRI THEATER, WHICH I'VE DONE A LOT OF WORK AT.

AND THEY ARE ONE OF THE QUINTESSENTIAL ARTS PROGRAMS IN OUR COMMUNITY.

THEY WORK WITH DISADVANTAGED YOUTH IN NORTH MINNEAPOLIS AND MY CHOIRS HAVE PERFORMED AND REHEARSED THERE.

AND THEY HAVE DEEP HISTORY THEMSELVES.

SO THEY'RE A WONDERFUL ORGANIZATION.

>> Cathy: BEFORE WE ROLL THE FILM HERE, J.D., WHAT DO YOU WANT FOLKS TO TAKE AWAY AFTER WATCHING IT?

>> YOU KNOW, I WANT PEOPLE TO HAVE A DIALOGUE ABOUT, YOU KNOW, SYSTEMIC RACISM.

I WANT TO HAVE A MULTICULTURAL DIALOGUE ABOUT SYSTEMIC RACISM.

I GET TO HAVE THAT MULTICULTURAL DIALOGUE WITH SOME OF MY COMMUNITY CHOIRS AND SOME FRIENDS OF MINE.

SO I REALLY WANT PEOPLE TO REALLY HAVE A DIALOGUE ABOUT IT AND HOW WE CAN START TO GET RID OF IT.

>> Cathy: ALL RIGHT, J.D., THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> CATHY: BEFORE WE ROLL THE FILM, WE WANT TO WARN YOU THAT IT CONTAINS FRANK CONVERSATIONS ABOUT RACIST INCIDENTS, INCLUDING USE OF RACIAL SLURS.

AND NOW FOR THE NEXT 17 MINUTES, WE PRESENT "LISTEN!

PLEASE!"

♪♪♪ >> INSTITUTIONAL RACISM, ALSO KNOWN AS SYSTEMIC RACISM, IS A FORM OF RACISM THAT IS EMBEDDED AS NORMAL PRACTICE WITHIN SOCIETY OR AN ORGANIZATION.

IT CAN LEAD TO SUCH ISSUES AS DISCRIMINATION IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE, EMPLOYMENT, HOUSING, HEALTHCARE, POLITICAL POWER, AND EDUCATION, AMONG OTHER ISSUES.

THE TESTIMONIALS FROM THESE FOUR ELITE OCTAGENARIANS, WILL CONVEY THEIR EXPERIENCES WITH SYSTEMIC RACISM FROM THEIR PAST TO THEIR PRESENT.

IF YOU'LL OPEN YOUR HEART AND LISTEN, "LISTEN!

PLEASE!."

♪ IF YOU OPEN YOUR HEART, LISTEN PLEASE ♪ >> I'M MAHMOUD EL KATI, I WAS BORN LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE, CAME OUT OF THE WOMB, IN SAVANNAH, GEORGIA.

IN 1933.

OCTOBER.

>> MY NAME IS JOSIE ROBINSON JOHNSON.

I WILL BE 90 YEARS OLD OCTOBER 7, 2020.

I WAS BORN OCTOBER 7, 1930.

IN HOUSTON, TEXAS.

>> MY NAME IS WILLIAM IRVING ENGLISH.

BUT I PREFER BILL.

ONLY MY MOTHER WAS ALLOWED TO CALL ME WILLIAM, AND SHE ONLY CALLED ME THAT WHEN SHE WAS ANGRY.

OTHERWISE MY NICKNAME WAS FUNNY.

I WAS THE FIRST BORN OF 12 KIDS.

>> MY NAME IS SALLY E. STEELE, AND I HAVE SIX CHILDREN.

I WON'T TELL MY AGE BECAUSE I HOPE I DON'T LOOK IT.

HEY.

BUT, ANYWAY, I WAS BORN IN MISSISSIPPI.

AND I LEFT THERE AT THE AGE OF 14.

WHICH IS A GOOD PLACE TO BE FROM.

I HAVE 17 GRANDCHILDREN AND I HAVE 30 GREAT GRANDCHILDREN.

SO YOU CAN IMAGINE HOW GRATEFUL I AM AND HOW PROUD I AM.

>> SYSTEMIC RACISM IS INBRED IN THE WAY THIS UNITED STATES CAME INTO EXISTENCE.

NOW THE FRAMERS OF THIS CONSTITUTION WERE IDEALISTS.

AND THEY WROTE A BEAUTIFUL DOCUMENT, THE MOST PROFOUND DOCUMENT SINCE THE BIBLE.

IT STARTED THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL.

NOW, YOU CAN'T START OFF WITH THAT LINE AND JUSTIFY THE SLAVERY THAT OCCURRED AFTER THAT.

SLAVERY WAS AN ECONOMIC THING.

THEY COULDN'T ENSLAVE THE INDIANS BECAUSE THE INDIANS KNEW THE TERRITORY AND THEY FOUGHT.

SO THE NEXT BEST THING WAS TO GO TO AFRICA.

THOSE WHO WERE COLONIZED IN THE UNITED STATES.

FIND IT INTERESTING THAT THE FIRST MAN TO DIE IN THE WALK TO FREEDOM WAS A BLACK MAN.

>> SYSTEMIC RACISM IS ETCHED IN THE FABRIC OF AMERICAN LIFE.

IT IS BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT IN EVERY POSSIBLE INTERACTION OF HUMAN BEINGS.

IT'S A SYSTEM THAT CONTINUES TO REDEFINE WHO BLACK PEOPLE ARE AND IN THE LAWS, POLICIES, BEHAVIOR OF AMERICAN SOCIETY.

>> SYSTEMIC RACISM STILL EXISTS IN THIS COUNTRY TODAY.

VOTER OPPRESSION.

YOU WANT TO KEEP US FROM VOTING.

WE FINALLY GOT TO VOTE.

WE BEGAN TO CHANGE THE FACE OF AMERICA.

>> THANK GOD FOR THOSE WONDERFUL WOMEN FOR BLACK LIVES MATTER.

THAT'S THE GENIE THAT GOT OUT OF THE BOTTLE.

YOU DID IT RIGHT.

THESE ARE NOT RIOTS.

THESE ARE NOT RIOTS IN THE STREET.

THEY'RE NO MORE RIOTS THAN THE REBELLION OF BLACK PEOPLE.

OF NAT TURNER, OF CATO WHO BURNED DOWN NEW YORK.

THESE ARE SLAVES OF REBELLION.

THERE ARE OVER 250 RECORDED.

WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE STREETS OF AMERICA IS A NATIONAL PRODUCT OF HISTORICAL STRUGGLE, OF BLACK PEOPLE, THE SAME STRUGGLES, ANOTHER CHAPTER IN THE STRUGGLE FOR BLACK PEOPLE'S FREEDOM.

YOU GHIS THAT.

YOU -- YOU DISMISS IT.

YOU DEFAME IT AND SAY R.I.T.

NOT RIGHT.

WE KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON.

PEOPLE IN THINK TANKS, 2200 OF THEM IN THIS COUNTRY, KNOW THESE ARE NOT RIGHT.

THESE ARE LEGITIMATE VOTES AGAINST THE OPPRESSIVE SYSTEM, SYSTEMIC RACISM.

THAT'S A NICE NAME.

BLACK PEOPLE NAMED IT A LONG TIME AGO.

IT WAS CALLED THE WHITE POWER STRUCTURE, THAT'S WHAT YOU CALLED IT.

YOU KNOW, THE BROTHER ON THE STREET, YOU KNOW, WOULD CALL IT THE MAN.

IT'S NOT A MAN.

IT'S MEAN IT'S STRUCTURE OF AMERICA.

THE SCHOOLS, THE BANKS, ALL OF THE IMPORTANT CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS, THAT'S THE MAN.

>> THE FIRST HOME THAT WE WANTED TO BUILD WHEN THE MAN CAME OUT AND WAS TALKING TO US ABOUT IT, HE TOLD US, HE SAID, NOW, YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO PAY MORE, YOU KNOW, INTEREST RATE'S GOING TO BE MORE TO BUILD THIS HOUSE.

SO THERE WAS NO WAY IN THE WORLD WITH ONE PERSON WORKING AND AT THAT TIME WE HAD FOUR CHILDREN THAT WE COULD DO THAT, YOU KNOW.

WE HAD A SHORTER MORTGAGE AND EVERYTHING.

AND HE TOLD US, YOU KNOW, THAT WHITE PEOPLE GOT MORE MORTGAGES, LESS INTEREST AND EVERYTHING THAN WHAT WE WOULD GET.

SO IT DIDN'T FEEL GOOD TO HEAR THAT.

>> DRIVING HOME, LISTENING TO SOME COOL JAZZ, AS I NORMALLY DO, AND IT WAS A NICE APRIL DAY AND THERE WAS A LITTLE RAIN THAT NIGHT.

SO I HAD IT ON CRUISE.

AT 62 MILES AN HOUR.

THIS COP PULLS ME OVER AFTER I TURN ON ROCKFORD ROAD.

PULLED ME OVER TO THE SIDE AND SAID, YOU WERE DRIVING 70 MILES AN HOUR.

OKAY, YOU'RE GOING TO GIVE ME A TICKET, GO AHEAD.

SO I PULL OVER.

I PULL MY STUFF OUT.

LOOKED AT MY DRIVER'S LICENSE.

WENT BACK.

TO WRITE ME A TICKET.

HE CAME BACK AND HE SAID, I NEED TO SEE YOUR CAR REGISTRATION.

IT WAS A RENTAL CAR.

HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN PLYMOUTH?

I SAID, WHY?

IT'S ON MY ADDRESS, HOW I LIVE THERE IS NONE OF YOUR BUSINESS.

HE SAID, WHY ARE YOU DRIVING A RENTAL CAR?

I LOST IT.

I SAID, BECAUSE I CAN AFFORD IT MOTHER -- MY LEXUS IS IN THE SHOP.

HE LOOKED AT ME AND HE SAID, YOU DON'T NEED TO TALK TO ME LIKE THAT.

PROFANITY IS NOT AGAINST THE LAW.

YOU WANT TO GIVE ME A TICKET FOR CURSING, GO AHEAD, BECAUSE I SURE CURSED YOU.

AND HE WROTE ME THE TICKET.

HE GAVE ME THE TICKET ANYWAY.

AND I DROVE OFF AND NIGH KNEES STARTED -- MY KNEES STARTED TREMBLING LIKE A DOG.

I REALIZED I COULD HAVE DIED RIGHT THERE.

THAT WAS STUPID ON MY PART.

>> JEVETTA USED TO LIVE RIGHT HERE ON VINCENT.

AND HER ALARM WENT OFF, THIS GIRL THERE, SHE WAS KEEPING FOR HER TO GO TO SCHOOL HERE, TRIPPED THE ALARM AND SHE FORGOT THE PASSWORD.

AND SHE JEVETTA WAS IN CALIFORNIA.

SO, OF COURSE, I WAS THE CLOSEST ONE TO JEVETTA, SO I WAS THE FIRST ONE THE ALARM COMPANY WOULD CALL.

SO THEY CALLED ME.

SO WHEN I GOT DOWN THERE, I SAW, OKAY, SHE'S IN THE HOUSE.

SHE'S TRYING TO GET THE ALARM OFF.

OKAY.

SO I DIDN'T EVEN GO IN THE HOUSE.

AND STEPHANIE, THE GIRL NEXT DOOR TO JEVETTA, SHE WAS WORKING IN HER FRONT YARD.

I WAS STANDING THERE TALKING TO HER.

WELL, IN THE MEANTIME, THEY HAD CALLED THE POLICE.

I SAW THEM PASS.

AND THEN THEY WENT IN THE ALLEY AND CAME THROUGH BETWEEN THE HOUSE AND BOTH OF THEM PULLED A GUN ON ME.

AND TOLD ME TO PUT MY HANDS UP.

IN THE AIR.

NOW, HERE I AM, 65 YEARS OLD, AND THEY'RE TELLING ME TO PUT MY HANDS UP.

AND I'M TALKING TO THIS WHITE WOMAN RIGHT HERE.

AND I SAID TO STEPHANIE, I SAID, STEPHANIE, TELL THEM WHO I AM.

DO YOU THINK SHE TOLD THEM?

NEVER SAID IT.

SHE JUST SAID, OH, SHE DON'T LOOK LIKE A BURGLAR.

HE SAID, YOU CAN'T LOOK AT THEM AND TELL.

I FELT LIKE SOMEBODY HAD STRIPPED ME BUTT NAKED OUT THERE.

I WAS SO ANGRY.

AND I NEVER PUT MY HANDS UP.

SO WHEN I GOT HOME AND TOLD MY HUSBAND ABOUT IT, HE SAID, HONEY, THEY COULD HAVE KILLED YOU.

I DIDN'T CARE AT THE TIME.

I REALLY DIDN'T.

I DIDN'T CARE.

I JUST DID NOT CARE ANYMORE.

AND IT TOOK ME YEARS TO GET BEYOND THAT.

AND I DON'T TRUST POLICEMEN TODAY, NO, I DON'T.

BECAUSE WHAT I'VE BEEN THROUGH.

I DON'T CARE HOW EDUCATED YOU ARE.

I DON'T CARE HOW HARD YOU WORK.

IT DOESN'T MATTER.

NOT TO EVERYBODY BUT SOME.

EVERYBODY'S NOT THE SAME, I KNOW THAT.

BUT JUST TALKING ABOUT WHAT I'VE EXPERIENCED.

YOU KNOW?

AND I PRAY CONSTANTLY, I DON'T WANT WANT TO EVER HATE ANYBODY.

BECAUSE HATRED WILL DESTROY YOU.

SO I HAVE TO NOT DWELL ON THOSE TYPES OF THINGS.

YOU KNOW?

YEAH.

BUT IT -- BUT IT'S NOT LIKE IT DOESN'T HURT YOU.

BUT, NO, I CAN'T HATE THEM.

I HAVE TO CONTINUE TO MOVE FORWARD.

YEAH.

>> I CAN REMEMBER WHEN I WAS IN COLLEGE AND WENT HOME FOR THE FIRST SUMMER, AND MY MOTHER AND I WENT TO A DEPARTMENT STORE.

AND I REMEMBER THE SALES GIRL COMING UP TO US AND SAYING, WHAT CAN I DO FOR YOU GIRLS?

AND I REMEMBER SAYING TO HER, MY MOTHER IS A WOMAN, A GROWN WOMAN.

I MAY BE A GIRL, BUT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHO YOU'RE TALKING TO.

AND I REMEMBER JUST BEING IRATE THAT SHE HAD THE NERVE TO REFER TO MY MOTHER AS A GIRL.

IT WAS THAT KIND OF SELF-ASSUREDNESS THAT WE GREW UP BELIEVING.

IT NEVER OCCURRED TO US THAT WE NEEDED TO FEEL INFERIOR BECAUSE SOMEHOW OUR FAMILY WAS ABLE TO KEEP US ABOVE THE FRAY OF WHITE SUPREMACY.

I THINK IT HELPED ME APPRECIATE MY SENSE OF VALUE.

I DID NOT HAVE TO FEEL THAT WE NEEDED TO HATE WHITE PEOPLE IN ORDER TO FEEL GOOD ABOUT WHO WE WERE.

>> I MENTION THAT WORD NIGGER, CAME FROM A 4-YEAR-OLD CHILD, HER MOTHER COACHED HER TO DO THAT AS WE'RE WALKING DOWN THE STREET.

AS TIME WENT ON, I LEARNED THAT NO WHITE PERSON COMES OUT OF THE WOMB SAYING NIGGER, THEY'RE TAUGHT THAT.

IT'S PART OF A CULTURAL NORM.

ANY MORE THAN YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE TO BE TAUGHT TO LOVE IN A CERTAIN WAY.

YOU KNOW?

CERTAIN WAY YOU HAVE TO TAUGHT, YOU HAVE TO BE TAUGHT TO HATE.

AND NO CHILD 4 YEARS OLD KNOW WHAT NIGGER IS, SHE WAS SAYING WHAT HER MOTHER TAUGHT HER.

HER RACIST HERITAGE.

EVERY BLACK PERSON HAS THINGS TO SAY.

THAT'S WHY YOU GOT TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF IT.

YOU KNOW, LITTLE INCIDENTS.

WHAT THEY CALL A SERIES OF LITTLE MEANNESS, THEY COME AT YOU EVERY DAY.

MY GRANDMOTHER AND I ARE GOING INTO A GROCERY STORE, THERE'S ALWAYS A FEW WHITE IN AN ALL-BLACK COMMUNITY, THAT YOU KNOW, THE STORE ON THE CORNER.

WE GO IN THERE, AND IT'S KNOWN WHAT BLACK PEOPLE ARE DOING.

WE WALK IN THE STORE, THE MAN HAS A PARROT.

AND GUESS WHAT THE PARROT SAYS?

NIGGER STEALING, NIGGER STEALING, WHO TAUGHT THE PARROT TO SAY THAT?

>> WHAT IS BEING SAID AND HOW DO YOU TRANSLATE IT AND HOW DO YOU CORRECT IT AND HOW DO YOU HELP YOUR CHILDREN NOT ACCEPT WHAT IS BEING SYSTEMATICALLY TAUGHT AND SAID ON A REGULAR BASIS?

THAT'S NOT EASY.

IT'S NOT EASY.

BECAUSE IT SHOWS UP IN SO MANY WAYS.

>> WE HAVE TO CONTINUE TO BE THE GOOD CITIZENS WE ARE.

WE HAVE TO OVERCOME SYSTEMIC POVERTY BY DEMANDING INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMUNITIES.

WHITE PEOPLE HAVE TO SOLVE RACISM.

WE CAN'T SOLVE THAT.

I'LL DIALOGUE ABOUT IT.

BUT THEY HAVE TO FILE THEIR OWN RACISM, THEY HAVE TO ACCEPT OUR HUMANITY, THAT WE ARE HUMAN BEINGS.

>> I'M NOT GREATER THAN YOU AND YOU'RE NOT GREATER THAN I AM.

YOU'RE NO BETTER THAN I AM.

BUT THERE'S SO MUCH HATRED BEING TAUGHT.

LIES BEING TOLD.

I'M SUPPOSED TO LOVE EVEN MY ENEMY.

AND THAT'S NOT EASY.

HATING SOMEBODY OR TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO GET SOMEBODY, YOU KNOW.

YOU KNOW, YOU DON'T HAVE THAT.

YOU HAVE PEACE.

AND PEACE IS ONE OF THE GREATEST THINGS YOU CAN HAVE.

ALONG WITH LOVE, MY GOD, YOU GOT IT.

YOU AIN'T GOT TO WORRY ABOUT NOTHIN'.

YEAH.

>> THE FUTURE OF THIS WORLD BELONGS TO EVERYONE.

AND THAT FUTURE DEPENDS ON TO WHAT EXTENT AND BY WHAT MEANS WE LIBERATE OURSELVES FROM A VOCABULARY WHICH CANNOT NOW BEAR THE WEIGHT OF REALITY.

THAT'S THIS MOMENT.

WE ALL SPEAK THE VOCABULARY OF WHITE SUPREMACY.

WHITE, BLACK, AND EVERYBODY IN BETWEEN.

YOU GOT TO DESTROY THAT.

BEFORE ANYBODY IS FREE.

WE'RE TRYING TO SPEAK TO PRINCIPALITIES AND POWERS.

ASK YOU TO STOP THE MADNESS.

STOP THE BLEEDING.

I CAN'T.

ONLY WHITE PEOPLE CAN DO THIS.

>> CATHY: MAHMOUD EL KATI'S FINAL THOUGHTS ABOUT HOW WE ALL SPEAK THE VOCABULARY OF WHITE SUPREMCY.

IN HIS WORDS "WHITE, BLACK AND EVERYBODY IN BETWEEN."

DID THIS DOCUMENTARY MOVE YOU?

MAKE YOU THINK?

MAKE YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?

WE WANT TO HEAR YOUR ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS.

SEND YOUR THOUGHTS TO OUR VOICEMAIL AT 651-229-1430.

THAT NUMBER AGAIN IS 651-229-1430.

EMAIL IS ANOTHER WAY YOU CAN REACH US.

ALMANAC@TPT.ORG.

WE'LL REPORT BACK TO YOU NEXT WEEK ABOUT WHAT WE'VE HEARD.

THANKS AGAIN, AS ALWAYS, FOR SPENDING YOUR TIME FRIDAY NIGHT JOINING US.

WE APPRECIATE THAT.

AS WE GET READY TO ROLL THE CREDITS, WE HAVE A TUNE FOR YOU.

THIS WEEK IN 2010 THOMASINA PETRUS, T. MYCHAEL RAMBO, AND REGINA WILLIAMS JOINED US TO PLAY THE OLD FATS WALLER STANDARD "AIN'T MISBEHAVIN."

THANKS FOR WATCHING.

GOOD NIGHT.

♪ SENATOR ONE TO TALK WITH, ALL BY MYSELF, NO ONE TO WALK WITH, BUT I'M HAPPY ON THE SHELF ♪ ♪ AIN'T MISBEHAVEIN', I'M SAVIN' MY LOVE FOR YOU ♪ I.

♪ AIN'T MISBEHAVEIN', I'M SAVIN' MY LOVE FOR YOU ♪ ♪ LITTLE JACK HORNER IN THE CORNER, DON'T GO NOWHERE, WHAT DO I CARE ♪ Captioned by: Paradigm Reporting & Captioning www.paradigmreporting.com ♪ AIN'T MISBEHAVEIN', I'M SAVIN' MY LOVE FOR YOU ♪ >> COME ON, TOM, GIVE US HEY.

♪ PIANO SOLO ♪ >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

SUPPORT IS ALSO PROVIDED BY· GREAT RIVER ENERGY: PROVIDING ELECTRICITY AND RELATED SERVICES TO 28 CO-OPS IN MINNESOTA.

A TOUCHSTONE ENERGY COOPERATIVE.

DELTA DENTAL OF MINNESOTA FOUNDATION: INVESTING $25 MILLION TO IMPROVE DENTAL CARE FOR MINNESOTANS IN NEED.

DELTADENTALMN.ORG/TPT.

THE SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY: A TRIBAL NATION FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY AND COLLABORATION - ESPECIALLY IN TIMES LIKE TODAY.

ENBRIDGE: CONNECTING MINNESOTANS WITH ENERGY FOR OVER 70 YEARS.

MORE AT ENBRIDGE.COM/LINETHREEUS.

AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

MORE AT EDUCATIONMINNESOTA.ORG.

"ONE GREATER MINNESOTA" REPORTING ON "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART BY THE OTTO BREMER TRUST, WHOSE MISSION IS INVESTING IN PEOPLE, PLACES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE UPPER MIDWEST.

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT COMES FROM THE MINNEAPOLIS FOUNDATION, INSPIRING AND ENGAGING IN ACTION TO REALIZE STRONG, VIBRANT COMMUNITIES, AND FROM THE BLANDIN FOUNDATION.

>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.