>> Braude: TONIGHT ON "GREATER BOSTON" FROM THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE U.S. MOVES AHEAD TO THE NEXT STAGE OF THE WORLD CUP IN THE FACE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN HOST QATAR.

WHAT DO WE LOSE, WHEN WE JUST SHUT UP AND PLAY?

AND WATCH!

THE "BOSTON GLOBE'S" MARCELA GARCIA AND INTERIM DARTMOUTH THEN, A NEW CANCER SCREENING PROCESS PROMISES TO REDUCE CANCER DEATHS BY DETECTING TUMORS WHEN THEY'RE STILL SMALL AND CURABLE.

I'LL TALK TO TWO PEOPLE WHO'VE TAKEN THE TEST AND ARE BEHIND THE EFFORT TO BRING IT TO THE REST OF US.

>> Braude: EVERY FOUR YEARS, THE WORLD CUP UNITES BILLIONS OF FANS AROUND THE GLOBE IN A CELEBRATION OF THE PLANET'S MOST POPULAR SPORT.

BUT WHEN THE HOST COUNTRY HAS HUGE STADIUMS ALONG WITH HUGE HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES, WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE BETWEEN SPORTSMANSHIP AND SPORTS-WASHING?

THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING THIS YEAR'S WORLD CUP BEGAN MORE THAN A DECADE AGO, WHEN THE ORGANIZATION BEHIND THE CUP, FIFA, FIRST ANNOUNCED QATAR WOULD BE THE HOST, PROMPTING ALLEGATIONS OF CORRUPTION AND OUTRAGE OVER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN THE COUNTRY.

THAT INCLUDES THE TREATMENT OF MIGRANT WORKERS WHO BUILT THE STADIUMS, FOUR TO 500 OF WHOM QATAR OFFICIALS HAVE FINALLY ADMITTED DIED IN THE PROCESS, AFTER ORIGINALLY PUTTING THE NUMBER AT JUST THREE.

QATAR IS ALSO KNOWN FOR ITS LAWS CRIMINALIZING HOMOSEXUALITY AND THE L.G.B.T.Q.

COMMUNITY, WHICH MANY TEAMS PLANNED TO PROTEST WITH PRIDE-THEMED ARMBANDS, UNTIL FIFA BANNED THEM BOTH ON THE FIELD AND OFF.

AND IT'S NOT JUST QATAR.

FIFA HAS ALSO MOVED TO BLOCK PROTESTS AGAINST IRAN AS THE U.N. INVESTIGATES THE COUNTRY'S DEADLY CRACKDOWN ON PROTESTERS, AS MANY AS 500 OF WHOM HAVE BEEN KILLED, OVER DEMONSTRATIONS PROMPTED BY THE DEATH OF A 22-YEAR OLD WOMAN, MAHSA AMINI, WHO DIED IN CUSTODY OF THE SO-CALLED "MORALITY POLICE."

STILL, THE GAMES HAVE GONE ON AS SCHEDULED, WITH MINIMAL PUSHBACK, AND FULL PARTICIPATION FROM EVERY NATIONAL TEAM THAT QUALIFIED, INCLUDING THE U.S., WHICH KNOCKED IRAN OUT OF THE COMPETITION TODAY, WITH A ONE TO ZERO WIN.

SO WHERE'S THE OUTRAGE?

WHERE SHOULD IT BE?

AS THE "BOSTON GLOBE'S" MARCELA GARCIA PUT IT IN HER LATEST COLUMN, "SOCCER, ESPECIALLY THE WORLD CUP, HAS A WAY OF INDUCING TEMPORARY AMNESIA ABOUT ETHICAL DILEMMAS WHILE SUMMONING OUTSIZED NATIONALISM."

A A LOT OF US SUFFER FROM THAT DISEASE.

SHE JOINS ME NOW, ALONG WITH PETER ROBY, FORMER ATHLETIC DIRECTOR FOR NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY.

PETER, MARCELLA, THANKS FOR BEING HERE.

>> DID YOU WATCH TODAY?

>> YES, I DID.

FROM MY OFFICE.

>> Braude: DO YOU FEEL CONFLICTED DOING IT OR NO?

>> NO.

>> Braude: YOU'RE AN HONEST WOMAN.

HOW BUT, PETER, DID YOU WATCH?

>> YEAH, I WATCHED THE LAST PART OF IT.

I HAD BEEN OUT EARLIER IN THE DAY.

SO I WATCHED THE ENDING AND WAS ABLE TO SEE THE U.S.

WIN.

>> Braude: SO ARE HE ENABLING, AND I WATCHED PART OF IT TOO 3 FOR 3.

ARE WE ENABLING BAD BEHAVIOR.

THE GAME THE OTHER DAY AGAINST ENGLAND WAS THE MOST WATCHED SOCCER FOOTBALL MATCH IN U.S. HISTORY.

I'M SURE TODAY'S NUMBERS ARE EVEN HIGHER.

ARE WE ENABLERS WHEN WE WATCH?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK SO.

I DON'T THINK.

SO THE PEOPLE HAVE A PASSION FOR THE SPORT AND THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO WATCH IT.

I THINK IF ANYTHING, FIFA ENABLED BY GIVING THE BID TO A COUNTRY THAT HAS THE KIND OF ABUSES AND PHILOSOPHIES THAT THEY HAVE ABOUT SUPPRESSION AND DISCRIMINATION AND OPPRESSION.

AND THAT IS REALLY MORE THE ISSUE.

AND FIFA FOR ALL OF ITS PROTESTATIONS ABOUT WANTING EQUALITY AND TRYING TO DO THE RIGHT THING IN TERMS OF INCLUSIVENESS, YOU KNOW, YOUR VALUES ARE ON DISPLAY WITH THE KINDS OF DECISIONS THAT YOU MAKE.

AND THIS IS ONE OF THOSE EXAMPLES.

>> Braude: WELL, THEY WANT THEIR POCKETS STUFFED.

WE'LL GET BACK TO FIFA IN A MINUTE.

I WANT TO SPEND A MINUTE IN TRYING TO MOVE EITHER OF WITH YOU BE THE INDIVIDUAL, CUZ I'M FRANKLY MUCH MORE TORN THAN MAYBE YOU ARE.

PETER, YOUR WONDERFUL COLUME, MARCELA, YOU TALK ABOUT YOU COME FROM A COUNTRY, MEXICO, WILD EXCITEMENT ABOUT THIS, INCLUDING YOU, EVEN THOUGH YOU HAVE NEVER BEEN TO A MATCH, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THE HUMAN RIGHT AS BEUSES, THE TREATMENT, MISTREATMENT OF MIGRANT WORKERS ON AND ON AND ON.

YOU EVEN ADMITTED SORT OF THAT YOU BOUGHT YOUR DOG, A MEXICO JERSEY.

HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH THAT?

DO YOU JUST BUY INTO THAT AMNESIA THING YOU WROTE ABOUT AND SAY IT IS WHAT IT IS, LET HIM PLAY THE GAME.

>> I THINK THE TRADE OFF FOR ME IS THAT IT MAKES ME FEEL SOMETHING.

IT'S NATIONAL PRIDE.

AND MAYBE THAT'S WHERE YOU AND I DIFFER BECAUSE YOU'RE NOT A SOCCER FAN.

AND EVEN I HAVEN'T BEEN TO A SOCCER MATCH, I DON'T REALLY CARE ABOUT SOCCER.

I ONLY CARE ABOUT SOCCER EVERY FOUR YEARS, BUT IT IS BECAUSE THERE IS NATIONAL PRIDE INVOLVED.

I MEAN I THINK TO PUT IT IN AN ANING THAT MAYBE AMERICANS CAN UNDERSTAND STRKS LIKE THE OLYMPICS.

YOU KNOW, YOU WANT, PEOPLE ARE WATCHING HOW MANY GOLD MEDALS THE U.S. IS WINNING OVER TIME.

THAT IS SORT OF LIKE A NATIONAL THING TO DO BECAUSE IT INVOLVES NATIONAL PRIDE IN YOUR COUNTRY.

AND SO THE TRADE OFF IS THAT YOU KNOW, YOU ARE ROOTING FOR YOUR TEAM, FOR YOUR SORT OF HOMELAND, ME AS AN IMMIGRANT IN A COUNTRY THAT DOESN'T REALLY CARE THAT MUCH ABOUT THE SPORT.

AND YOU CAN THINK THAT UNITES ALL MEXICANS, IT REALLY MEANS SOMETHING.

AND AT THE END OF THE DAY TO GO BACK TO YOUR POINT ABOUT FIFA, IT REALLY, NOT ONLY PUT THE BLAME ON FIFA BUT I WILL DO THAT, BECAUSE I DON'T THINK ANYBODY, THERE IS NO ONE ON THE PLANET THAT WOULD DEFEND FIFA AS AN ORGANIZATION.

IT IS ONE OF THE MOST CORRUPT INTERNATIONAL BODIES IN SPORTS.

SO-- .

>> Braude: WELL, THERE IS SERIOUS COMPETITION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE.

>> TRUE.

>> Braude: WE WILL GET TO FIFA AND THE IOC IN A SECOND.

BUT PETER, I HAVE KNOWN YOU FOR YEARS AND MUCH OF YOUR CAREER IS TALKING ABOUT WHAT ARE ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND OF ATHLETES THEMSELVES.

WE HAVE THE IRANIAN PLAYERS WHO LOST TODAY WHO IN THEIR FIRST MATCH SHOWED UNIMAGINABLE COURAGE BY NOT SINGING THE NATIONAL ANTHEM.

SUBSEQUENT TO THAT, THEIR FAMILIES BACK HOME WERE THREATENED WITH DEATH OR OR TORTURE AND THEY DISLT UNDERSTANDABLE THING.

BUT IS THERE AN OBLIGATION ON ATHLETES WHO COME FROM COUNTRIES THAT WON'T GO HOME TO THAT KIND OF THING, TO SHOW SUPPORT FOR THE WOMEN OF IRAN, FOR EXAMPLE, OR LGBTQ PEOPLE AND THE HOST COUNTRY.

OR DOES IT ALL FALL ON THE BIG BOYS, THE FIFAS AND IOC'S?

>> NO, I THINK THE PLAYERS PROBABLY WANTED TO DO MORE.

I THINK THEIR GOARCHING BODIES PROBABLY RESTRICTED THEM FROM DOING WHATEVER.

AND THE RULES FROM FIFA AROUND WHAT WAS GOING TO BE ALLOWED AND WHATNOT WAS GOING TO BE ALLOWED WAS PROBABLY ON DISPLAY.

BUT YOU HAD PLAYERS THAT WERE TRYING TO WEAR THE RAINBOW ARM BANDS AND OTHER THINGS TO-- TO PERSONIFY THEIR SUPPORT FOR THE LGBTQ COMMUNITIES.

AND SO YOU KNOW, I THINK THOSE WERE SOME ATTEMPTS.

BUT YOU KNOW, THE PLAYERS HAVE WORKED FOUR YEARS TO TRY TO GET TO THIS POINT.

IT WOULD BE A HUGE SACRIFICE FOR PEOPLE TO ASK THEM TO DO SOMETHING THAT MIGHT PUT THEM AT RISK OF NOT BEING ABLE TO PARTICIPATE.

AND SO I GET THAT.

AND THAT IS WHY I COME BACK TO THE GOVERNING BODIES AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES.

>> ONE MORE THING ABOUT THAT.

I UNDERSTAND THE THING WITH SEVEN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, THE CAPTAINS OF THOSE TEAMS, THAT WERE GOING TO WEAR THAT ONE LOVE ARM BAND AND WHEN THEY WERE THREATENED WITH A YELLOW WARNING WHICH I GUESS IF YOU GET TWO OF THEM YOU GET KICKED OUT OF THE MATCH, THEY BACKED OFF.

BUT LOOK AT OUR OWN TEAM.

U.S. SOCCER ITSELF, THE INSTITUTION DID THAT THING WITH THE IRANIAN FLAG TO SHOW SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF IRAN, THE PROTESTORS.

AND THE COACH OF THE TEAM SAID WE HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THAT.

WE JUST WANT TO BE HERE TO PLAY THE GAME.

WHAT RISK WAS THE COACH AND U.S.

TEAM AT TO STAND SIDE-BY-SIDE WITH U.S. SOCCER AND SHOW SOME SOLIDARITY WITH PEOPLE OF IRAN?

>> PROBABLY NO RISK THAT WE WOULD SUGGEST BUT HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT THE CONVERSATIONS HAVE BEEN LIKE BEHIND THE SCENES WITH THE GOVERNING BODIES.

AND SO YOU KNOW, LOOK, I THINK COACHES AT THAT POINT, EVERY FOUR YEARS, IT IS THE BIGGEST DAY, YOU ARE TRYING TO PREPARE YOUR TEAM AND YOU WANT TO TRY TO MINIMIZE DISTRACTION SO THEY WERE PREPARED TO DO WHAT THEY COULD UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.

SO I, YOU ARE RIGHT, I SPENT MY WHOLE LIFE TRYING TO DO AND SAY THE RIGHT THINGS AND MAKE PEOPLE AWARE OF THE THINGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT.

AND I THINK THAT IS A RESPONSIBILITY LIE WITH OTHER PEOPLE IN THIS CASE.

>> SO LET'S GO BACK TO WHAT YOU BOTH SAID.

YOU TALKED ABOUT FIFA.

I'M NOT EVEN IN AGREEMENT WITH YOU THERE, EVEN THOUGH FIFA THROUGH THE YEARS HAS SHOWN SUCH GROTESQUE CORRUPTION, EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE BEEN ACQUITTED ON A NUMBER OF CRIMINAL CHARGES.

IT SEEMS TO ME IT FALLS TO THE DEMOCRACY, PARTICULARLY OF THE WEST.

IF THE UNITED STATES GROUPED TOGETHER WITH IT'S ALLIES AND SAID TO THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE OR FIFA IN THE CASE OF WORLD CUP, WE'RE NOT GOING TO PLACES LIKE QATAR, WE'RE NOT GOING TO CHINA, WE'RE NOT GOING TO RUSSIA, WE'RE NOT GOING TO PLACES THAT ARE GROTESQUE VIOLATERS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, THE MONEY DRIES UP AND THE GAMES DON'T HAPPEN.

SO DON'T WE HAVE MORE CONTROL THAN WE LET ON?

>> WE DO.

BUT IT IS IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.

I THINK PEOPLE WANT TO WATCH THE WORLD CUP.

AND TO PETER'S POINT BEFORE, IRANIANS PLAYERS WANTED TO PLAY.

THEY HAVE BEEN WORKING HARD TO GET HERE.

IT IS A HUGE, HUGE HONOR AS ATHLETES TO BE IN THE WORLD CUP.

AND SO I THINK THAT AGAIN THE TRADEOF, LOOK, DO YOU REMEMBER THE IRANIANS-- IRANIAN WHO WAS PRISONER, "THE WASHINGTON POST" COLUMNIST.

>> HE WROTE AN OP ED SAYING WHY HE WAS SUPPORTING IRAN IN THE WORLD CUP.

AND SO AGAIN, IT IS THIS, I GET THE COMPLEX.

BUT THE SPORT IS SO BIG AROUND THE WORLD AND THE FANS ARE SO INVESTED IN THIS INTERNATIONAL TOURNAMENT, EVERY FOUR YEARS, THAT I THINK YOU KNOW, THAT'S WHAT MAKES-- DENMARK AND GERMANY WERE GOING TO, OR WERE TRYING TO BOYCOTT THE WORLD CUP AND IT DIDN'T HAPPEN.

WHY DO YOU THINK IT DIDN'T HAPPEN?

BECAUSE ULTIMATELY I THINK THE FANS WANTED THEIR TEAM TO PLAY IN THE WORLD CUP.

AND GERMANY IS ONE OF THE BEST TEAMS.

>> THEY ARE.

PETER I WASN'T AWARE UNTIL A COUPLE OF DAYS AGO WHEN I WAS READING ABOUT THE AWARDING OF THE WORLD CUP, QATAR, I THINK IT WHAT IN 2010, THAT UNLIKE A LOT OF THE OTHER OLYMPIC DECISIONS WHERE THE IOY SAYS HEY, WE HAVE TO CHOICE BUT TO GO LET'S SAY TO RUSSIA, BECAUSE NOBODY ELSE IS IN THE BIDDING ORTHOS WHO WERE WITHDREW, MY UNDERSTANDING IS THE U.S., SOUTH KOREA, JAPAN, WAS IN THE MIX.

AM I BEING NAIVE WHEN I SAY IF THE U.S.

STOOD SHOULDER TO SHOULDER WITH A BUNCH OF OTHER WEALTHY COUNTRIES, AND SAID WE WANT IT IN SOUTH KOREA.

WE WANT IT IN JAPAN, WHATEVER IT IS, THEY CARRY THE DAY, WOULD THEY NOT?

>> I DON'T THINK SO.

YOU KNOW, I THINK THAT THERE ARE SO MANY COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD THAT CARE SO DEEPLY ABOUT FOOTBALL AS THEY SAY.

>> IN EUROPE.

>> YEAH.

>> THE POWERS ARE IN EUROPE.

>> THAT THEY WOULD NEVER ALLOW THE U.S. AND ITS ALLIES TO KIND OF FLEX THEIR MUSCLE, IF YOU WILL, ON A SPORT THAT WAS LATE IN COMING TO THE U.S.

COMPARED TO SOME OF THE OTHER COUNTRIES THAT HAVE BEEN PLAYING IT FOR, YOU KNOW, CENTURIES.

SO I HEAR WHAT ARE YOU SAYING.

BUT EVEN WITH THE TELEVISION MONEY THAT FIFA BENEFITS FROM FROM THE U.S.

NETWORKS, MY SENSE IS THAT OTHERS WOULD PREVAIL IN THAT SITUATION.

THAT IS JUST MY TAKE ON THE TYPE OF COMPLEXITY AND THE INFLUENCE THE OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE WHEN IT COMES TO A SPORT LIKE SOCCER OR FOOTBALL AS THEY CALL IT AROUND THE WORLD.

>> Braude: I HAVE GREAT RESPECT FOR BOTH OF YOU.

LET ME END WITH THIS, MARCELLA IF I CAN, HOW DID YOUR DOG LOOK IN THE MEXICO JERSEY.

>> A MADING, I POSTED A PICTURE ON INSTAGRAM.

HE LOOKED LIKE HE AGREED BECAUSE I THINK HE KNOWS IS HE MEXICAN AMERICAN, HE IS A BILINGUAL DOG.

>> I REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR THOUGHTS.

>> Braude: MARCELA GARCIA, PETER ROBY, THANKS.

THIS YEAR ALONE, NEARLY TWO MILLION PEOPLE WILL BE DIAGNOSED WITH SOME FORM OF CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES.

AND WHILE, OF COURSE, THE TREATMENT THAT FOLLOWS IS THE HARD PART, FOR MANY, JUST TRYING TO GET A DIAGNOSIS IN TIME IS A CHALLENGE.

RIGHT NOW, THERE ARE ROUTINE SCREENINGS FOR JUST FIVE TYPES OF CANCER: PROSTATE, COLON, CERVICAL, BREAST, AND IN SOME HIGH-RISK PATIENTS, LUNG CANCER.

FOR THE OTHER DOZENS OF FORMS OF CANCER, PATIENTS ARE OFTEN ON THEIR OWN WHEN IT COMES TO NOTICING SYMPTOMS, FINDING SPECIALISTS AND THEN UNDERGOING TESTING.

ALL OF THAT CAN TAKE MONTHS, OR EVEN YEARS; TIME THAT, WITHOUT TREATMENT, CAN DRASTICALLY WORSEN A CANCER PATIENT'S PROGNOSIS.

THAT'S THE PROBLEM MY NEXT GUESTS HOPE TO SOLVE.

SUSAN DOWNARD IS THE DIRECTOR OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AT POINT 32 HEALTH, THE PARENT COMPANY OF TUFTS HEALTH PLAN AND HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE.

AND PETER CHURCH, CHIEF PEOPLE OFFICER AT POINT 32 HEALTH.

THANK YOU SO 7 FOR JOINING ME, I APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

>> SUSAN, STARTING WITH YOU, I MENTIONED THE FIVE CANCERS FOR WHICH IN IS CURRENTLY SCREENINGS.

I WANT TO BE CLEAR, THE NOTION HERE IS THIS TEST HAS POTENTIAL TO DETECT SOME OF THE MOST DANGEROUS, OVARIAN, PANCREATIC, THAT SORT OF THING, AND OTHERS THAT WE COULDN'T DETECT THIS EARLY IN THE PAST, AM I RIGHT THERE?

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

>> Braude: ANDYOU HAVE A PERSONAL CONNECTION HERE, DO YOU NOT?

THIS IS NOT JUST PROFESSIONAL BUT VERY PERSONAL.

TELL US ABOUT THAT.

>> YES, I DO.

MY FATHER WAS DIAGNOSED WITH LUNG CANCER AND HE PASSED AWAY AFTER LIVING WITH IT FOR ABOUT 15 YEARS AFTER HAVING A LUNG REMOVED, BEING ON OXYGEN FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.

>> Braude: AND YOU TOOK THE TEST.

>> I DID.

>> Braude: DID YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS OR CONCERNS ABOUT DOING IT?

WERE YOU ANXIOUS?

>> I WAS ANXIOUS.

YOU FLOW, I ACTUALLY HAD AN INCIDENTAL FINDING SEVERAL YEARS AGO THAT I HAD A KNOWED ON MY LUNG.

AND I HAD AN ABDOMINAL CT.

THEY ACCIDENTALLY FOUND A KNOWED ON MY LUNG AND AND SAID HOW LONG DID YOU HAVE THIS KNOWED, AND I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT IT.

SO THAT MADE ME NERVOUS THAT I WAS AT RISK OF HAVING LUNG CANCER AND OBVIOUSLY MY DAD HAD HAD LUNG CANCER.

MY GRANDFATHER HAD BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH LUNG CANCER.

HE DID NOT PASS AWAY FROM IT.

SO I WAS CONCERNED.

AND INTERESTED IN BEING SCREENED.

>> Braude: AND OBVIOUSLY WHEN YOU GOT THE RESULTS WERE FEARS WERE ALLAYED.

>> YES.

>> Braude: SO PETER, YOU ARE QUOTED IN THE "BOSTON GLOBE" SAYING EMPLOYERS HAVE A GREATER RESPONSIBILITY TO WORRY ABOUT THE WELL-BEING OF EMPLOYEES IN THESE TIMES.

CAN YOU CONNECT THE DOTS FOR US A LITTLE BITS AND TELL US WHY?

>> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY.

SO I THINK EMPLOYERS OVER THE PAST 24, 36 MONTHS, I THINK WE'VE ALL BEEN CHALLENGED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH THE EVENTS OF COVID AND THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC AND ALL THAT IT HAS BROUGHT US.

BUT EVEN BEFORE THAT, SOCIAL ISSUES WERE TAKING GREATER PROM THENS IN THE WORKPLACE RANGING FROM THE ME TOO MOVEMENT AND OF COURSE WITH MURDER OF GEORGE FLOYD.

IT HAS HAD AN OVERWHELMING IMPACT ON THE PSYCHOLOGY OF OUR WORKERS.

HOW PEOPLE CARE FOR ONE ANOTHER, WHAT PEOPLE FEEL WHEN THEY COME TO WORK WHICH OF COURSE DURING THE PANDEMIC MANY COLLEAGUES WERE AT THEIR HOMES.

AND SO AS AN EMPLOYER, I BELIEVE THAT THERE IS, WERE IN THE MIDDLE OF A PERIOD OF TIME WHERE THERE IS A BIT OF A PAR DIME SHIFT WHERE THE CARE FOR COLLEAGUES, THAT CARE FOR EACH OTHER INSIDE OF AN ORGANIZATION, IS ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE RESPONSIBILITY TO DO TO ENSURE THAT PEOPLE CAN DO THEIR BEST WORK, PARTICULARLY FOR AN ORGANIZATION LIKE OURS THAT CARES FOR SO MANY IN OUR COMMUNITY.

>> I KNOW THE TEST THE, 949 BOOKS NOT COVERED BY INSURANCE.

WOULD THAT SITUATION CHANGE SHOULD THERE BE NTA FINAL APPROVAL HERE?

>> WELL, FOR POINT 32 HEALTH IN OUR PARTNERSHIP WHAT WE FEMENTS WAS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT WAS BEING ABLE TO OFFER THIS AS A NOVEL MEDICAL INVENTION SO TO SPEAK FOR OUR COLLEAGUES AT NO COST.

>> I MEANT BEYOND YOUR OPERATION.

>> I APOLOGIZE.

>> THAT'S OKAY.

NO, REGRETTABLY THAT SAY LITTLE BIT BEYOND MY SCOPE HOW WE WOULD THINK ABOUT THAT.

MY HOPE WOULD BE, AND I THINK IT WOULD BE THAT OF ALL COLLEAGUES TO BE SOME SORT OF BENEFIT OR ATTESTMENT THAT YOU WOULD HAVE ANY OTHER DIAGNOSTIC JRS I WILL GET BACK TO THAT IN A SECOND.

SUSAN, WITH GREAT TREPIDATION I WILL ASK YOU THE FOLLOWING QUESTION.

YOU CAN EXPLAIN, I TOLD YOU BEFORE WE WENT ON MY SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE COULD FIT IN A VERY SMALL THIMBLE.

YOU CAN EXPLAIN HOW THIS WORKS IN LAYPERSON'S LANGUAGE?

>> SURE.

SO I REALLY TOOK THIS AS A PATIENT BUT IT REALLY SCREAMS FOR MANY SCREENS FOR MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCER AND IT DOES IN THE END, IT IS A BLOOD TEST, NONINVASIVE.

AND THE TEST CAN TELL YOU WHAT TYPE OF CANCER.

SO YOU DO COME OUT TELLING THAT YOU EITHER HAVE A KNOWING TIFF CANCER SIGNAL DETECTED OR A POSITIVE CANCER SIGNAL.

AND THE POSITIVE CANCER SIGNAL WOULD TELL YOU WHAT TYPE OF CANCER.

ST NOT JUST YOU HAVE CANCER.

IT SAYS, IT SELLS YOU WHAT TYPE.

AND THEN WOULD YOU GO FOR A FURTHER TESTING TO VALIDATE THAT.

AND TO ACTUALLY CONFIRM SOME SORT OF DIAGNOSIS.

>> Braude: AND FURTHER TESTING IS KEY BECAUSE THERE OBVIOUSLY CAN BE AND I ASSUME ARE FALSE POLLS TIFFS, CORRECT.

>> I THINK WITH ANY TYPE OF TESTING THERE CERTAINLY COULD BE SOME KIND OF FALSE POSES TIFF.

>> Braude: I WANT TO RETURN TO THE COSTS FOR A SECOND AND MAYBE IF THIS IS OUTSIDE YOUR BAILEY WICK FEEL FREE TO SAY IT.

THERE ARE 254 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, A BIPARTISAN GROUP WHO ARE SPONSORING A BILL THAT WOULD CAUSE MEDICARE TO COVER THIS TEST.

AND I THINK IT MAY BE IN PART BECAUSE I THINK PROBABLY SOME VIEWERS KNOW, THIS KIND OF TEST IS SOMETHING THAT PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS EMBRACED AS PART OF THE CANCER MOON SHOT HE HAS BEEN DOING FOR YEARS AND YEARS AS BOTH VICE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT OF THE THE UNITED STATES.

BUT THERE WAS AN ANALYSIS DONE IN THE NEW YORK TIMES THAT SAID IF THIS BILL WERE TO BECOME LAW AND THE 60 MILLION, I THINK, MEDICARE RECIPIENTS WOULD HAVE ACCESS TO THIS TEST, IT HAS POTENTIAL TO RAISE THE OVERALL COST OF MEDICARE PROGRAM BY 7 PERCENT.

THAT IS A HUGE KIND OF NUMBER.

SO IN YOUR POSITION, WHILE I TOTALLY RESPECT THE NOTION YOU WANT TO ALLAY A LOT OF THE CONCERNS THAT EMPLOYEES OF YOURS AND OTHERS HAVE, DO YOU NOT WORRY ABOUT OVERUTILIZATION?

>> I APPRECIATE HOW YOU PREFACE IT.

I THINK THAT THE TOTALLY THE GENERAL THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE IS OUTSIDE OF MY BAILEY WICK, WHAT I WOULD OFFER THOUGH IS THIS.

THAT WHEN US A AS AN EMPLOYER, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT OFFERING BENEFITS TO OUR COLLEAGUES, ONE OF THE THINGS WE TRY AND BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT IS THE IMPACT IT HAS ON THEIR LIVELIHOOD AND THEIR LIVERS AND THAT OF THEIR FAMILIES.

SO WHEN WE HAVE OPPORTUNITIES LIKE THIS THAT HAVE PERHAPS A FRONT END INVESTMENT BUT A HUGE OPPORTUNITY TO AVOID ADDITIONAL COSTS OR ADDITIONAL MEDICAL EXPENSE DOWN THE ROAD, THERE IS REAL THOUGHT THAT HAS TO GO FLOO THAT.

SO YOU KNOW, I STEER CLEAR OF POLITICS, MOST OF MY ADULT LIFE BUT I DO THINK IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR US ALL TO UNDERSTAND THAT FRONT END INVESTMENT OF ANY AMOUNT THAT YIELDS HUGE BENEFITS LONG TERM, THAT IS THE EYE WE NEED TO HAVE.

>> Braude: EARLY DETECTION OF THESE SMALL TUMORS OBVIOUSLY, IS GOING TO-- BUT CAN WE TALK, THIS IS PART OF YOUR BAILEY WICK.

I WOULDN'T SAY CRIT SISES AMS BUT CONCERNS.

I THINK MOST WATCHING KNOW ABOUT THE DEAL OF THE PSA TEST FOR PROSTATE CAN SERKS HISTORICALLY STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, I THINK FOR 55 TO 69 YEAR OLD MEN.

AND THEN THE FEAR, THE CONTROVERSY ROSE WHEN THE NOTION WAS THAT IT WAS DETECTING SLOW GROWING TUMORS THAT IN MANY CASES WERE HARMLESS.

AND THERE WAS A BACKING OFF.

DO YOU NOT WORRY ABOUT SIMILAR CONCERNS HERE?

>> YEAH, I THINK AS A PHARMACIST THAT IS A BILT OUT OF MY SCOPE BECAUSE I'M NOT A PHYSICIAN.

>> O'Connell: HOWEVER.

>> RIGHT, HOWEVER, I THINK IN TESTING WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT TEST THE RIGHT 307LATION-- POPULATION OF PEOPLE.

AND AND AND THE RESULTS WE GET.

>> Braude: WHAT IS THE RIGHT POPULATION OF PEOPLE BECAUSE THERE IS ALSO ANOTHER ISSUE IF WHICH CAN STAY WITH YOU OR PETTER, I ASSUME SINCE THERE ARE FALSE POSITIVES AS YOU SAID BEFORE, SUSAN, WITH VIRTUALLY ANYTHING, YOU THEN DOT FURTHER TESTING OR IMAGING AS YOU WERE SUGGESTING, IS REQUIRED, IF YOU GET THAT FIRST POSITIVE AND THEN YOU SUBSEQUENTLY FIND YOU DON'T HAVE CANCER, IT DOESN'T MEAN THE ANXIETY GOES AWAY.

I CAN IMAGINE IN MYSELF IT WOULD SORT OF STAY IN MY BODY, SO SUSAN, STARTING WITH YOU, WHO IS THIS RECOMMENDED FOR, WHAT IS THE POPULATION THAT SHOULD BE THINKING SERIOUSLY ABOUT TAKING THIS WHEN IT IS AVAILABLE?

>> MAYBE PETE COULD TALK ABOUT THE POPULATION THAT THIS WAS OFFERED TO AT POINT 32 HEALTH.

>> Braude: OKAY, FINE, HOW ABOUT IT, PETER.

>> SURE, SO OUR MUTUAL PASS WAS TO OFFER THIS TO OUR COLLEAGUES AGE 50 AND OLDER, WHO MET CERTAIN ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.

ONE OF THE THINGS WE FELT WAS IMPORTANT, EXACTLY AS YOU SAY, ALTHOUGH NOT SO FOCUSED ON FALSE POSITIVES BUT JUST THE POSSIBILITY THAT YOU MAY GET A RESULT THAT IS POSITIVE.

AND SO WHEN WE INTRODUCE THIS WE ALSO PROVIDED COUNSELING TO THOSE INDIVIDUALS THAT SHOULD YOU RECEIVE POSITIVE RESULTS, YOU HAVE THE OPTION TO REACH OUT AND HAVE SOME ADDITIONAL SUPPORT AND WORK THROUGH WHATEVER ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS YOU MIGHT HAVE.

WE HAVE SINCE THAT TIME EXTENDED OUR POPULATION TO AGE 40 AND OLDER WHO MEET CERTAIN CRITERIA SO AGE 40 AND OLDER ARE ELIGIBLE TO HAVE ACCESS TO THIS.

>> Braude: DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA ABOUT WHAT IS THE LIKE LIKELY TIME TABLE FOR THIS TO BE MORE GENERALLY AVAILABLE TO THE BROADER POPULATION?

>> SO I KNOW THAT OUR COMMERCIAL MARKET TEAM AND OUR MEDICAL TEAM ARE COORDINATING WHAT THE TIME LINE WOULD BE FOR THAT.

BUT I DON'T HAVE THE SPECIFIC DATES.

>> Braude: DO YOU HAVE ANY THOUGHTS ON THAT OR NO?

>> NO, MY INVOLVEMENT REALLY HAS BEEN AS A PATIENT WHO HAS TAKEN IT.

>> Braude: HAVE I TO SAY ST VERY EXCITING AND HAS HUGE POSITIVE POTENTIAL.

>> Braude: SUSAN DOWNARD, PETER CHURCH, THANKS.

THAT'S IT FOR TONIGHT.

WE'LL BE BACK TOMORROW.

THANKS FOR WATCHING, AND PLEASE DON'T FORGET UKRAINE.

Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org >> HEY FOLKS, EDGAR B. HERWICK III HERE FROM GBH'S 'CURIOSITY DESK," WHERE YOU ASK QUESTIONS AND I FIND ANSWERS.

TODAY'S QUESTION CAME OUR WAY ON TWITTER FROM EMILY WORDEN.

NOW, WHEN I FIRST SAW THIS QUESTION, I WAS LIKE, "YES, THAT IS SO GOOD.

MICROWAVES DO ALL SOUND THE SAME."

AND THEN I WAS LIKE, "WAIT A MINUTE.

DO THEY SOUND EXACTLY THE SAME?

AND I KNOW THEY SOUND ALIKE, BUT LIKE EXACTLY THE SAME?"

LET'S PUT IT TO THE TEST.

(UPBEAT MUSIC) OKAY, SO I QUICKLY GOT MY HANDS ON EVERY MICROWAVE I COULD FIND HERE AT WGBH.

MY APOLOGIES TO JAMES IN ACCOUNTING.

I'M GOING TO SET THEM ALL TO FIVE SECONDS, AND THEN I'M GOING TO PUT THEM ON IN SUCCESSION.

WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO HEAR A BUNCH OF TONES AT THE SAME TIME.

THAT SHOULD REALLY GIVE US A SENSE OF IF THEY ARE EXACTLY THE SAME OR NOT.

(UPBEAT MUSIC) (BEEPS) (BEEPS) (NOTES PLAYED ON KEYBOARD) YUP, YUP, SO THEY'RE ALL RIGHT THERE BETWEEN A B AND A B SHARP, NOT EXACTLY THE SAME, BUT PRETTY DARN SIMILAR.

AND IT TURNS OUT, THERE IS A REASON FOR THAT.

POPCORN.

FOR DECADES, THE SAME PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY WAS USED IN NEARLY ALL MICROWAVES TO GENERATE THAT CLASSIC MICROWAVE SOUND, A LITTLE DEVICE CALLED A PIEZOELECTRIC BUZZER.

>> IT'S ESSENTIALLY A MEMBRANE THAT VIBRATES AND IS ELECTRICALLY CHARGED, AND VIBRATES TO CREATE A SOUND, VERY SIMILAR TO THE WAY A SPEAKER WORKS.

>> PIEZOELECTRICITY WAS FIRST DESCRIBED BY PIERRE AND JACQUES CURIE, WAY BACK IN 1880.

IT IS ESSENTIALLY AN ELECTRIC CHARGE THAT CAN ACCUMULATE IN CERTAIN MATERIALS WHEN PHYSICAL PRESSURE IS APPLIED.

THAT PART, PIEZO, COMES FROM A GREEK WORD THAT MEANS PRESS OR SQUEEZE.

NOW THE PIEZOELECTRIC BUZZER HARNESSES THAT CHARGE TO GENERATE THAT SIMPLE (BEEP) BEEP.

IT WAS FIRST BROUGHT TO MARKET BY JAPANESE MANUFACTURERS IN THE 1950S, AND QUICKLY PROVED TO BE A WORLDWIDE HIT.

NOW ON THE ONE HAND, THEY'RE PRETTY VERSATILE, USED NOT JUST IN MICROWAVES, BUT ALSO SMOKE ALARMS AND TIMERS AND ALL SORTS OF GADGETS.

ON THE OTHER HAND, THEY ARE EXTREMELY LIMITED IN WHAT THEY CAN DO.

>> WE COULD SET THE FREQUENCY, BUT WE COULDN'T DO MUCH MORE THAN THAT.

THE FREQUENCY AND THE LENGTH OF THAT NOTE WAS ABOUT ALL WE HAD AVAILABLE TO US.

(BEEPS) >> THIS IS WHY, FOR DECADES, NEARLY ALL MICROWAVES HAVE SOUNED THE SAME.

(BEEPS) BUT TODAY, IT IS A WHOLE DIFFERENT BALLGAME, THANKS TO DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED MAINLY FOR MOBILE PHONES, A VERITABLE SYMPHONY OF SOUNDS IS NOW AVAILABLE, LITERALLY AT THE TOUCH OF A BUTTON.

(ELECTRONIC TONES) >> THERE, SO YOU HEARD THAT LITTLE BEEP AT THE END OF IT, BUT IT'S A LOT MORE ORGANIC, IT'S A LOT MORE MUSICAL, AND IT'S A LOT MORE SUBTLE AND NUANCED.

>> THIS NEW WORLD ORDER DOES PRESENT SOME CHALLENGES.

AFTER ALL, THAT ICONIC MICROWAVE BEEP MIGHT NOT BE SPELLBINDING, BUT IT IS DEEPLY FAMILIAR.

DESIGNERS LIKE HUGHES HAVE TO COME UP WITH JUST THE RIGHT COMBINATION OF BLEEPS AND BLURPS THAT SAYS, "HEY, THE POPCORN IS READY" JUST AS EFFECTIVELY.

>> THAT'S THE MAIN OBJECTIVE WE'RE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH, IS COMMUNICATE TO YOU IN A MEANINGFUL WAY AND A THOUGHTFUL WAY THAT YOUR TASK'S COMPLETE.

(BEEP) >> DON'T FORGET TO LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE.

AND PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANTLY, LET ME KNOW WHAT YOU ARE CURIOUS ABOUT, BECAUSE AS YOU CAN SEE, I MIGHT JUST LOOK INTO IT FOR YOU.

I'M EDGAR B. HERWICK III.

STAY CURIOUS OUT THERE.

(UPBEAT MUSIC) OH, THAT WAS IT, THOUGH, SEE, THAT WAS IT THOUGH.

ALL RIGHT.

YOU GOT TO GO BACK.

YOU GOT TO THROW IT A LITTLE BIT BACK.

THAT'S THE TECHNIQUE.

>> THE "CURIOSITY DESK" IS SPONSORED BY EMERSON COLLEGE, INSPIRING CURIOSITY AND CREATIVE EXPRESSION IN ALL OF US.