>> THE RISE OF THE MODERATES.

A CONTROVERSIAL MOVE TO CANCEL STUDENT DEBT.

AND IS THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE ALREADY UNDERWAY?

STAY TUNED, IVORY TOWER IS NEXT.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ GOOD EVENING.

WELCOME TO IVORY TOWER.

I'M DAVID CHANATRY, FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY.

I'M JOINED AROUND THE TABLE TONIGHT BY KRISTI ANDERSON FROM THE MAXWELL SCHOOL AT SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, ANIRBAN ACHARYA FROM LEMOYNE COLLEGE, TARA ROSS FROM ONONDAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND LUKE PERRY FROM UTICA UNIVERSITY.

THIS WEEK'S PRIMARY ELECTIONS PRODUCED SOME SURPRISES AND SHED SOME LIGHT ON WHICH ISSUES ARE RESONATING WITH VOTERS.

ABORTION BEAT INFLATION IN NY-19.

MODERATES PREVAILED OVER PROGRESSIVES, AND CARL PALADINO WILL NOT BE GOING TO WASHINGTON.

SOME OF THE BIG NEWS CAME RIGHT HERE IN CENTRAL NEW YORK WHERE BRANDON WILLIAMS NOT ONLY WON THE GOP PRIMARY, BUT WON BIG.

WHAT DOES THAT RACE TELL US?

OVERALL TAKEAWAYS?

WHAT DOES THE RACE TELL US ABOUT THE UPCOMING MID TERMS?

>> WELL, FIRST OFF, I THINK WE'VE GOT NEW BOUNDARIES IN NY 22 FOR THE NEXT 10 YEARS AND SYRACUSE WILL BE THE CENTER OF THE DISTRICT.

ON THE DEMOCRATIC SIDE WE HAVE FOUR CANDIDATES ALL FROM SYRACUSE, FRANCIS CONOLE WAS PROPELLED TO VICTORY WITH HIS STRENGTH IN OCTOBER, SARAH HOOD WON MADISON COUNTY.

BRANDON WILLIAMS UPENDED THE GENERAL ELECTION BECAUSE HE IS A POLITICAL NOVICE.

HE DOESN'T LIVE IN THE DISTRICT.

HE ONLY RAISED ABOUT $200,000.

AT THE TIME HE ONLY HAD ABOUT 200 SOCIAL MEDIA FOLLOWERS.

ALL THAT WILL CHANGE.

NY-2 2-S GOING TO BE A NATIONALLY COMPETITIVE RACE THAT WILL BE WATCHED EXTENSIVELY AND HAVING A CANDIDATE LIKE WILLIAMS, NOT TO DISCREDIT HIS PRIMARY VICTORY WILL MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR THE REPUBLICAN TO WIN THE SEAT.

>> WILLIAMS HAD SOMETHING GOING ON.

HE DIDN'T HAVE MUCH MONEY BUT YET HE WON BIG.

>> I THINK IT MAY BE IN PART DUE TO THE WEAKNESS OF HIS OPPONENT, WHO IS STEVE WELLS, WHO IS, YOU KNOW, HAD BEEN, I THINK, WORKED FOR KATKO PREVIOUSLY OR HELPED HIM FUNDRAISE AND HE WAS SEEN AS A MODERATE ESTABLISHMENT REPUBLICAN.

AND I THINK HE THOUGHT HE HAD THIS DOWN.

HE COULD WIN.

MY SENSE IS THAT HIS DECISIONS, WHICH I THINK HELPED TO DO HIM IN, NOT TO GO, NOT TO HAVE INTERVIEWS, NOT TO PARTICIPATE IN DEBATES, WAS SOME OF THE REASON HE LOST.

SO I THINK THAT YOU ARE RIGHT, IT MAKES IT A VERY DIFFERENT RACE, I THINK, THAN IT WOULD HAVE BEEN HAD WELLS WON.

BUT IT WILL BE INTERESTING TO SEE AND I THINK WELLS DID THIS, PERHAPS, BECAUSE HE IS TRYING TO PLAY BOTH SIDES.

HE WAS TRYING TO PORTRAY HIMSELF AS AN ESTABLISHMENT REASONABLE DEMOCRAT.

BUT ALSO APPEAL TO THE REPUBLICAN-- REPUBLICANS, BUT ALSO APPEAL TO THE ELECTION DENIERS AND THE TRUMP SUPPORTERS.

>> YOUR TAKEAWAY?

>> MY TAKEAWAY HAD MORE DO WITH THE RACE HERE IN THE 22nd WHERE YOU HAD SOMEONE PROBABLY THE MOST EXPERIENCED OF ALL THE CANDIDATES, WAS SAM ROBERTS AND HE DID, YOU KNOW, ALL DEPENDING WHICH COUNTY YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT, HE EITHER CAME IN THIRD OR LAST.

AND TO ME, IT SIGNIFIES THE END OF THAT GENERATION OF POLITICIANS WHO WERE, WHAT I CALL SORT OF THE LEGATEES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

IN A SENSE, YOU HAVE A CHANGING OF THE GUARD THERE.

AND I HOPE I'M SAYING HIS NAME RIGHT.

HE IS AN UPAND COMER AND REFLECTS THE MOVEMENT OF THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION INTO POLITICS AND THAT'S A GREAT THING TO SEE.

PERHAPS HE NEEDED TO BE MORE CENTRIST IN TERMS OF HAVING A BROADER ARRAY OF TOPICS, BUT IT DOES PORTEND SORT OF THE NEW POLITICIAN.

AND SO THAT WAS ONE OF THE BIG TAKEAWAYS.

THE OTHER THING, I THINK, IN TERMS OF CLEE HOOD WAS THAT SHE APPEALED TO CERTAIN VOTERS, BUT DIDN'T SPEND ENOUGH TIME, I THINK, TRYING TO PULL IN A BROADER BASE OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY.

SO I LOOK FOR HER TO COME BACK AGAIN.

>> CONOLE DID HAVE THE SUPPORT OF THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATS.

>> ANIRBAN?

>> I THINK YOU SAID THE RISE OF THE MODERATES BUT IF WE CONCENTRATE ON BRANDON WILLIAMS.

HE NOW TURNS OUT TO BE MORE LIKE A TRUMPLICAN THAN REPUBLICAN.

ONE OF MY OTHER FAVORITE SHOWS IS THE CAMPBELL CONVERSATIONS AND THERE ASKING SEVERAL QUESTIONS, HE WAS DOING FINE IN THE INTERVIEW EXCEPT WHEN HE CAME TO SAY AND I QUOTE HIM "CERTAINLY THERE WERE A LOT OF IRREGULARITIES IN THE 2020 ELECTION. "

IT'S A COMPLETE LIE.

THERE WERE NO IRREGULARITIES IN THE 2020 ELECTION, SO HE IS LYING.

SECOND WHEN HE WAS ASKED ABOUT JANUARY 6 INSURRECTION WHICH I LIKE TO CALL THE DOMESTIC TERRORISM, HE STARTS CREATING THIS KIND OF ANALOGY BETWEEN BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTESTORS AND THE INSURRECTIONISTS AND HE SAYS, YOU KNOW, EITHER THEY WERE INVITED OR THEY BROKE THROUGH THE WINDOWS CAUSED SOME VABLISM.

VANDALISM.

THIS IS A GROUP OF WHITE SUPREMACISTS TRYING TO KILL THE VICE PRESIDENT OPENLY TALKING OF HANGING HIM AND HERE IS ANOTHER LARGELY NON-VIOLENT PROTEST OF AMERICANS AGAINST CENTURIES OF POLICE BRUTALITY AND HE IS COMPARING THIS, TOO.

IN MY WORDS AS A POLITICAL SCIENTIST, HE DOESN'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT THIS.

AND AT BEST HE IS CYNICAL, AT WORST RACIST.

I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO SAY.

>> IT WILL BE A VERY TOUGH TELL IN SYRACUSE WHERE YOU HAVE AFGHANS, SYRIANS, SUDAN EASE, INDIANS, AND HE'S IS GOING TO SELL THIS LIE IN FRONT OF THEM.

I DOUBT IT BUT GOOD LUCK TO HIM.

>> WHEN I SAID THE RISE OF THE MODERATES, I WASN'T REFERRING TO THAT PARTICULAR RACE, BUT WHAT ABOUT IN GENERAL, THE REST OF THE PRIMARIES WE SAW IN NEW YORK?

THERE WERE SOME VERY INTERESTING THINGS GOING ON.

>> I THINK WE ARE GOING TO SEE A TURNOVER.

THAT'S ONE THEME FROM THE PRIMARY.

THE RETIREMENTS AND REDISTRICTING, A QUARTER OF THE DELEGATION WILL BE DIFFERENT NEXT YEAR.

SO THAT'S ONE THING I'M LOOKING AT.

>> AND I'M NOT SURE IT'S THE RISE OF THE MODERATES IN THE NEW YORK CONTEXT BECAUSE A LOT OF IT WAS THE RESTRICTING, PEOPLE LOST-- REDISTRICTING.

PEOPLE LOST THEIR DISTRICTS.

THEY HAD TO MOVE INTO OTHER DISTRICTS IT IS THE CASE THAT SEVERAL LEFT WING DEMOCRATS LOST THEIR SEAT, BUT I THINK THAT WAS NOT NECESSARILY AN IDEOLOGICAL SORT OF OUTCOME.

>> NOW WHAT ABOUT NEW YORK-19 RACE BECAUSE THAT'S ONE A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE SAYING IS A BELLWEATHER FOR THE FALL, WHERE THE REPUBLICAN, MARK MOLINARO WHO IS A MODERATE REPUBLICAN, AND I THINK HE WAS THE DUTCHESS COUNTY EXECUTIVE... >> HE LOST TO THE ULSTER COUNTY EXECUTIVE, PAT RYAN, AND SO THAT WAS SURPRISING, THAT HE-- >> AND RYAN RAN ON THE ABORTION RIGHTS ISSUE.

>> DEFINITELY ON THE ABORTION RIGHTS ISSUE AND MOLINARO RAN ON INFLATION.

>> DELGADO CARRIED IT FOR SEVERAL CYCLES.

>> DEMAND DMS STILL HAD AN EDGE.

IN 23 DEMOCRATS LOST.

TOM REED CARRIED BY 16 POINTS.

>> NY-1 IS AT A PLUS 1 REPUBLICAN.

>> THE SPECIAL IS THE OLD BOUNDARIES.

>> SO CONFUSING WITH THAT.

>> TO EVEN GET TO THE NEW YORK CITY RACES, THAT WAS BECAUSE THOSE DISTRICTS WERE ALL >> MIXED UP... PRESIDENT BIDEN BOWED TO PRESSURE FROM HIS LEFT THIS WEEK AND SAID HE'S CANCELLING 10.000 DOLLARS IN STUDENT LOANS FOR QUALIFYING BORROWERS, UP TO 20.000 FOR RECIPIENTS OF PELL GRANTS.

THE RIGHT'S NOT HAPPY AND THE LEFT WANTED MORE.

IS THE EXECUTIVE ORDER BAD POLICY AND BAD POLITICS?

TARA?

>> YOU KNOW, I HATE TO SAY IT, BUT I THINK IT'S BAD POLITICS IN THE SENSE THAT THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN MUCH BETTER HAD IT COME VIA CONGRESSIONAL LEGISLATION INSTEAD OF EXECUTIVE ORDER BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, BY COMING VIA EXECUTIVE ORDINARY WITH THE BREATH OF IT, THERE ARE REPUBLICANS LINING UP TO CHALLENGE THIS.

THE OTHER PROBLEM WITH IT IS, AND I THINK PRESIDENT BIDEN DID ATTEMPT TO ADDRESS THIS, IS THERE IS A STRONG FEELING, CERTAINLY ON THE PART OF THE RIGHT AND ON THE PART OF MANY MODERATES, I THINK, THAT THIS BASICALLY BENEFITS PEOPLE WHO ARE ALREADY HIGHER EARNERS OR ARE GOING TO BE HIGHER EARNERS AND THE PRESIDENT DID ATTEMPT TO ADDRESS THAT BY SAYING THAT YOU COULD ONLY AVAIL YOURSELF OF THIS OR THIS WOULD ONLY BENEFIT YOU IF YOU EARNED LESS THAN I BELIEVE IT WAS 125,000 FOR AN INDIVIDUAL FILER.

IT WAS AN ATTEMPT TO ADDRESS THAT.

AND THERE ARE SOME GOOD THINGS HERE.

THE FACT THAT PEOPLE CAN LOOK AT THEIR LOANS AND WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE PRIVATE LOANS INTO FEDERAL LOANS THAT THERE ARE SOME GOOD THINGS THERE.

BUT I DO THINK IN THE LONG-TERM THIS WAS BAD POLITICS.

>> KRISTI?

>> I'M NOT SURE.

I THINK IT'S GOOD POLITICS AND GOOD POLICY.

I MEAN I THINK WE FAIL SOMETIMES IN THINKING ABOUT THIS, TO REALIZE HOW MUCH COSTS OF COLLEGE HAVE INCREASED OVER THE LAST, CERTAINLY 40 YEARS BUT SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION IN 2007 OR 2008.

I MEAN MY PARENTS COULD AFFORD TO SEND ME TO AN EXPENSIVE PRIVATE COLLEGE, SMITH COLLEGE IN THE 60s.

IT WAS $3600 A YEAR FOR ROOM, BOARD AND TUITION.

I LOOKED IT UP.

AND AT INFLATION NOW THAT WOULD BE ABOUT $33,000 A YEAR.

BUT SMITH'S ACTUAL TUITION AND ROOM AND BOARD NOW IS $82,000.

THAT WOULD BE UNDOABLE FOR MOST PEOPLE.

AND MEANWHILE, THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT STATES ARE PUTTING INTO THEIR PUBLIC EDUCATION HAS DECREASED VERY STRONGLY, AND THOSE SCHOOLS HAVE INCREASED THEIR TUITIONS AS WELL.

IT'S REALLY DIFFICULT FOR PEOPLE.

>> ONE THING I THOUGHT WAS INTERESTING ABOUT THIS, AND SOMEWHAT OVERLOOKED IS THAT THERE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE LOANS WHO NEVER GRADUATED FROM COLLEGE.

THEY ARE NOT THE HIGHER EARNERS THAT YOU MENTIONED, TARA.

AND THIS WILL HELP THEM.

I WORRY ABOUT THAT IN CLASS WHEN I SEE STUDENTS WHO DROP OUT AFTER A YEAR OR TWO.

>> THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE DROPPED OUT OR NOT FUN ISSUED A DEGREE ARE ELIGIBLE FOR LOAN FORGIVENESS.

I JUST WANT TO LOOK AT THE DATA HERE.

FOR EXAMPLE, THE WHARTON SCHOOL DID A STUDY AND SHOWED THAT, YOU KNOW, THE MAIN BENEFITS OF THIS WOULD GO TO THE MIDDLE FIFTH INCOME, YOU KNOW, SPECTRUM, WHICH IS $51,000 TO $82,000 AND THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ESTIMATES THAT 90% OF AFFECTED BORROWERS HAD OTHER THAN EARNED $75,000 OR LESS.

SO IT'S TARGETED TOWARD THE MIDDLE-CLASS.

NOW THE REPUBLICANS START SCREAMING ABOUT THIS, I NEED TO REMIND THEM THAT 2017 TAX CUT OF $2 TRILLION WENT TO TWO-THIRDS OF THAT WENT TO THE TOP FIFTH OF THE INCOME EARNER.

WE NEED TO HAVE A REALITY CHECK.

BUT ONE INTERESTING THING IS THAT PRIVATE LOANS CANNOT BE WRITTEN OFF AS PER THIS RULE, BUT ALSO THERE IS A HUGE DEMOGRAPHIC OF OLDER CITIZENS AND THERE WAS ONE PERSON I WAS LOOKING AT, SHE IS 65 YEARS OLD AND HAS A $300,000 DEBT NOT BECAUSE OF HER OWN FAULT REALLY, BECAUSE OF ATTENDING A FOR-PROFIT UNIVERSITY AND CHANGED HER DOCTORAL PROGRAM INTO SIX YEARS AND STARTED CHARGING HER AND SHE ENDED UP WITH THIS DEBT.

THESE PEOPLE-- >> THERE HAVE BEEN OTHER PROGRAMS TO FORGIVE DEBT ACCRUED BECAUSE OF THOSE FOR-PROFITS IN SOME CASES, FOR-PROFIT UNIVERSITIES.

>> THERE ARE SOME LAWSUITS AND STUFF AND I'M NOT SURE EXACTLY THE LEGALITY OF THAT.

>> I KNOW WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT STUDENT DEBT BEFORE ON THIS PROGRAM AND I KNOW THAT GETS YOU GOING.

>> IT DOES.

I READ THROUGH ALL THE CRITIQUES OF THIS POLICY AND NONE OF THEM DISCUSS INTEREST.

I THINK FROM A POLICY PERSPECTIVE, IT'S AMORAL FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND BIG BANKS TO PROFIT OFF PEOPLE WHO CAN'T PAY FOR COLLEGE OUTRIGHT, PARTICULARLY AS KRISTI MENTIONED WHEN PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN UNDERFUND AND I'VE WORKED IN THEM IN NEBRASKA AND UTAH.

WHEN I WAS PAYING BACK MY STUDENT LOAN BEFORE THEY WERE ELIMINATED, UNDER THE PUBLIC SERVICE FORGIVENESS PROGRAM, I WAS PAYING $250 A MONTH TO PRINCIPAL AND $250 A MONTH TO INTEREST AND WHEN PEOPLE ARE TALKING ABOUT THIS DISTRIBUTING TO THE DEFICIT, IT'S BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT GOING TO PROFIT OFF PEOPLE LIKE ME AND OTHERS WHO CAN'T PAY FOR COLLEGE OUTRIGHT.

I WOULD BE OKAY WITH JUST, YOU KNOW,INTEREST-FREE LOANS OR ELIMINATING THE INTEREST PAYMENTS AND MAKING PEOPLE PAY BACK THE PRINCIPAL.

THAT WOULD BE A COMPROMISE BUT NOBODY IS EVEN TALKING ABOUT THAT.

>> I THOUGHT ABOUT THAT, TOO.

I DON'T KNOW Y.

THE INTEREST THING MAKES ME CRAZY.

>> WHAT ABOUT THE CRITICISM THAT THIS IS INFLATIONARY?

WE ARE HEARING A LOT ABOUT THAT?

>> WHAT I READ VERY BRIEFLY IS THAT THE ANALYSTS SAY NO, IT IS NOT GOING TO CONTRIBUTE MUCH TO INFLATION AT ALL.

>> IT SEEMS LIKE IT'S NEXT.

SOME PEOPLE THINK IT WILL BE BECAUSE OF THE INFLUX OF MONEY AND OTHERS THINK WHEN THE REPAYMENT PROCESS IS RESTARTED NEXT CALENDAR YEAR, THAT THAT WILL OFFSET THAT.

IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS.

>> SOME OF THE PEOPLE WHO WILL BE BENEFITING FROM THIS, WERE GOING INTO DEFAULT ANYWAY SO THEY WEREN'T PAYING THE LOAN BACK IN THE FIRST PLACE.

SO WHATEVER THAT NUMBER IS, IT'S GOING TO BE SOMEWHAT LOWER THAN WAS WE ARE ACTUALLY SEEING IN TERMS OF THE INFLATION.

THE INFLATION IMPACT.

>> WHEN WE DISCUSSED THIS AND I REMEMBER TALKING ABOUT AND I AGREE WITH YOU, I LOOK AT MY AMERICAN COLLEAGUES AND THEY'RE LIKE SADDLED WITH THESE LOANS AND I GREW UP IN INDIA AND I WENT TO A PUBLIC EDUCATION.

MINE WAS LIKE $17 WAS MY UNDERGRAD AND POST GRAD WAS LIKE $40 AND MY PROFESSORS ALL STUDIED IN THE UNITED STATES AND DIDN'T PAY THAT MUCH MONEY FOR THEIR DOCTORATE PROGRAMS.

SO I THINK IT IS A CRISIS.

IF SOMEBODY HAS TO GO THROUGH LIFE LONG DEBT TO GAIN CULTURAL CAPITAL THAT WAS NOT THERE BEFORE, IT'S REALLY DISSATISFYING.

I CAN'T IMAGINE IT.

I WOULDN'T HAVE EVER HAD AN EDUCATION IF THESE WERE THE STAKES.

SO I FEEL FOR IT AND BIDEN DID A GOOD THING HERE.

>> NOW A VIEWER WROTE IN TO REMIND US THAT LATE IN THE SUPREME COURT'S LAST TERM, THE JUSTICES ISSUED A DECISION THAT HAS BEEN A GOAL OF CONSERVATIVES FOR DECADES IN WEST VIRGINIA VERSUS EPA THE COURT RULED THAT CONGRESS CANNOT DELEGATE AUTHORITY ON "MAJOR QUESTIONS" TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH.

THIS SO-CALLED "NON-DELEGATION" RULING COULD HAVE PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WAY MODERN GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS.

FEDERAL AGENCIES LIKE THE EPA ROUTINELY MAKE RULES SUCH AS REGULATING CARBON EMISSIONS FROM POWER PLANTS.

DOES THE COURT'S RULING PAVE THE WAY FOR WHAT STEVE BANNON CALLED "THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE?"

>> I MEAN MANY OBSERVERS ARE SAYING THAT IS THE CASE.

SO WHAT WAS IN CONTENTION WAS THAT THE CLEAN POWER PLANTS AND IT WANTED TO SHIFT POWER GENERATION FROM, YOU KNOW, COAL TO NATURAL GAT AND ENERGY AND COURT CAME OUT AND SAID IN THIS SECTION 111D CLEAN AIR ACT, THE WORD SYSTEM.

AND I DON'T WANT TO GET INTO THE JUDICIAL RIGMAROLE ABOUT THAT, BUT AT THE END OF THE STORY, THE AGENCY WAS CLEAR THAT E.P.A.

IS NOT ALLOWED TO RESOLVE MAJOR QUESTIONS WITHOUT EXPRESSED APPROVAL FROM CONGRESS SO THERE CAN BE NO CLIMATE LEGISLATION THAT AFFECTS UNITED STATES ECONOMY IN A VERY SIGNIFICANT WAY.

SO THIS BASICALLY BLOCKS EVERYTHING.

ONE CAN MAKE ANY ARGUMENT ABOUT BIG POLICY CHANGES THAT THEY WILL AFFECT THE ECONOMY AND SO ON.

I WAS THINKING ABOUT WHETHER THIS SHOULD BE USED TO LITIGATE AGAINST, YOU KNOW, THE DEBT FORGIVENESS OR NOT.

BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, ELEANOR KAGAN SAID IN A DISSENTING OPINION, SHE SAID THE CLEAN AIR ACT HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS REGULATION BUT THAT OPINION LOST OUT IN THE COURT.

SO THIS WOULD HAVE A CHILLING EFFECT OF WHAT THE EXECUTIVE... >> ACCORDING TO THE RULING, THE AGENCIES CAN MAKE RULES BUT NOT IF IT IS A QUOTE UNQUOTE MAJOR QUESTION, RIGHT?

SO WHO GETS TO DECIDE WHAT IS A MAJOR QUESTION?

>> THAT'S THE PROBLEM.

THE SUPREME COURT HERE IN A VERY REAL SENSE IS EXPANDING ITS OWN AUTHORITY BECAUSE IN ESSENCE, IT'S ASSAYING THAT THE FEDERAL COURTS HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO DECIDE WHAT IS A MAJOR.

AND I WANT TO EMPHASIZE HERE, A MAJOR ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL QUESTION, NOT A SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL QUESTION.

IT SEEMS VERY CLEAR THEY WERE PURPOSELY PULLING OUT ANYTHING THAT WAS OF A MAJOR SOCIAL CONCERN AND NARROWING IT TO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONCERN, WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT CONSERVATIVES AND REPUBLICANS TEND TO BE MUCH MORE FOCUSED ON RATHER THAN THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT.

>> HOW DO CATEGORIZE WHAT THEY'RE AFTER NOW, WHICH IS KIND OF SURVIVAL OF THE NATION IN THE SENSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, YOU KNOW,.

>> WHAT A CRAZY DISTINCTION TO MAKE.

ALL OF THESE BIG PIECES OF LEGISLATION WILL HAVE IMPACTS ACROSS THE BOARD.

>> THESE BIG ISSUES ARE OFTEN GOING TO BE VERY TECHNICAL, FOOD AND DRUG ACT, FOR INSTANCE, THE FDA IS GOING TO HAVE MAKE SOME PRETTY TECHNICAL DECISIONS WHICH REQUIRE EXPERTISE.

I MEAN THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY AGENCY, FOR INSTANCE, WHEN THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT NUCLEAR WASTE, SO DO WE EXPECT TOO MUCH OF CONGRESS TO TAKE ON THESE KIND OF TECHNICAL QUESTIONS?

>> YES, I THINK YOU WANT YOUR EXECUTIVE AGENCIES AT ANY LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT TO BE ABLE TO EXERCISE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF DISCRETION WITHIN THEIR BROAD STATUTORY AUTHORITY.

THAT'S JUST THE WAY GOVERNMENT WORKS.

SO THE SUPREME COURT HAS ISSUED A VERY UNORTHODOX RULING.

GOING BACK TO 1825, THE COURT HAD RULED THAT CONGRESS CAN DELEGATE ITS POWERS TO OTHER ENTITIES IN A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES AND THAT HAS BEEN THE NORM FOR MOST OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

I UNDERSTAND WHY A CONSERVATIVE COURT WANTS TO REIN BACK THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THINKING IT IS FRIGHTENING INDIVIDUAL GOVERNMENT BUT TOO LITTLE GOVERNMENT IS AS DANGEROUS AS TOO MUCH GOVERNMENT ESPECIALLY WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT PUBLIC HEALTH AND OTHER CRISIS THAT THESE PUBLIC AGENT SITS ARE ON THE FRONT LINES TRYING TO ADDRESS.

>> YOU SAID LUKE THAT'S THE WAY GOVERNMENT WORKS.

BUT TARA, CAN YOU GIVE US A HISTORY LESSON HERE?

WE DIDN'T USED TO HAVE ALL THESE AGENCIES.

YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT IN THE 1820s THERE WERE NO FEDERAL AGENCIES NOW WE HAVE 100 FEDERAL AGENCIES OF VARIOUS SIZES.

WHEN DID THAT HAPPEN?

>> THE MAJOR EVOLUTION OF THAT DEVELOPED IN THE 1930S AS PART OF THE NEW DEAL.

AND WHAT YOU HAD WAS F.D.R., WITH THE SUPPORT AND WE SORT OF FORGET THAT NOW, BUT WITH THE SUPPORT OF CONGRESS, COMING UP WITH ALL OF THESE FEDERAL AGENCIES, TO IMPLEMENT VARIOUS LEGISLATIVE ACTS ESTABLISHING THE FIRST 100 DAYS AND THE AGENCIES TO DEAL WITH A CRISIS THAT THE NATION WAS IN, WERE GIVEN BROAD AUTHORITY, BUT CLEAR AUTHORITY, FOR THE MOST PART, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE NIRA, THE NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT, THEY WERE GIVEN THE AUTHORITY TO IMPLEMENT THESE VARIOUS RULES IN ORDER TO TRY AND BRING THE COUNTRY OUT OF THE DEPRESSION.

AND SO THAT SORT OF STARTED THE EVOLUTION OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.

AND THOSE AGENCIES, BEING GIVEN A GENERAL BUT CLEAR DIRECTIVE, THIS IS THE AREA THAT YOU DEAL WITH, AND WE RECOGNIZE THESE ARE THE EXZ PERTS, THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WAS A GOOD EXAMPLE.

THIS IS WHERE YOUR EXPERTISE IS.

WE EXPECT YOU TO GO FORWARD AND LEGISLATE.

AND FOR THE MOST PART, THE COURTS, WHETHER MORE CONSERVATIVE OR MORE LIBERAL, HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT THOSE AGENCIES NEED TO BE ABLE TO DO THE THAT.

>> ALL RIGHT.

AND WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO LEAVE IT RIGHT THERE.

THANK YOU FOR THAT HISTORY LESSON.

WE NEED TO GO TO OUR AS AND Fs.

KRISTI YOUR F. >> CONSOLIDATED EDISON, CON ED, SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN USING WATER FROM THE HUDSON RIVER TO FILL AND FLUSH GIANT BOILERS AND COOL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC CABLES AND DUMPING IT BACK INTO THE RIVER AT TEMPERATURES OVER 100 DEGREES WHICH CAN BE HARMFUL TO FISH N. ADDITION THE WASTE WATER APPARENTLY THAT THEY DUMP BACK SOMETIMES CONTAINS TOXIC METALS.

IT SEEMS THERE HAS BEEN RESPONSIBLE PEOPLE TURNING A BLIND EYE TO THIS SO STAY TUNED.

>> ANIRBAN, YOUR F. >> TO U.S. AND YOU CAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WHICH ARE NOW THE LEADING INVESTORS IN RUSSIAN CARBON BOMBS AND FOSSIL FUEL PROJECTS.

SO LET'S GET THIS STRAIGHT.

ON ONE HAND, U.S. TAXPAYERS MONEY ARE PAYING TO BANK ROLL THE UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCE.

ON THE OTHER HAND, U.S. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ARE PAYING MONEY TO RUSSIA AND OUR POLITICAL CANDIDATES.

SO FOR THE VIEWERS, A CLEAR PICTURE EMERGES, A NEWSMAKERS EATING-- A SNAKE EATING ITS TAIL.

>> TARA YOUR F. >> TO THE CONSERVATIVE SUPER PAC, PEOPLE WHO PLAY BUY THE RULES.

AND THIS IS FOR ITS CAMPAIGN AD AGAINST ILLINOIS GOVERNOR.

THE AD HAD THREE PROBLEMS.

IT INTENTIONALLY DARKENED HER SKIN TONE.

FOCUSED ON HER AND CHICAGO'S CRIME PROBLEMS AND THE FEAR IT MIGHT SPREAD TO THE SUBURBS AND IT ONLY DEALT WITH PRITZKER ABOUT WHOM THE AD WAS SUPPOSED TO BE, FOR THE LAST FIVE SECONDS OF THE AD.

>> AND LUKE.

>> MY F GOES TO MONDIR JONES BEING FORCED FROM CONGRESS AFTER REDISTRICTING.

SEAN PATRICK MALONEY TOOK HIS SEAT ELIMINATING THE FIRST OPENLY GAY BLACK CONGRESSMAN AFTER JUST ONE TERM.

>> AND NOW OUR AS.

KRISTI.

>> MY A GOES TO REBECCA JONES, GRADUATE OF THE NEWHOUSE SCHOOL OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY WHO JUST WON A DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY AND WILL CHALLENGE FLORIDA REPUBLICAN CONGRESSMAN MATT GATES IN NOVEMBER.

REBECCA HAD DEMONSTRATED HER BRAVERY A FEW YEARS AGO WHEN SHE FILED A WHISTLEBLOWER COMPLAINT AGAINST THE STATE AND GOVERNOR DETAN SIS WHERE SHE WAS EMPLOYED AS A DATA ANALYST CLAIMING SHE WAS ASKED TO SUPPRESS DATA ABOUT COVID INFECTIONS IN FLORIDA.

>> ANIRBAN, YOUR A.

>> MY A GOES TO ALL THE AIR GUITAR ENTHUSIASTS AROUND THE WORLD CONVERGING IN FINLAND TODAY FOR THE AIR GUITAR WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP.

THEIR SLOGAN IS MAKE AIR, NOT WAR.

I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE THINKING.

WHY IS THIS EVEN A THING?

WELL, DON'T FRET ABOUT IT.

AFTER WATCHING THE ELECTRIC PERFORMANCES OF THE U.S. REGIONALS, I HAVE BEEN SHREDDING MY MISCONCEPTIONS.

>> OH BOY.

TARA.

>> MY A GOES TO THE UTAH STATE LEGISLATURE.

IN ORDER TO INCREASE CHILD SUPPORT COMPLIANCE, THE LEGISLATURE PASSED THE LAW DENYING DEAD BEAT PARENTS A HUNTING OR FISHING LICENSE UNTIL THE DELINQUENCY IS PAID.

SINCE THE LAW TOOK EFFECT, THE STATE HAS OBTAINED $9.9 MILLION IN DELINQUENT PAYMENTS.

>> LUKE, YOUR A.

>> MY A RECOGNIZES UKRAINE'S NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE DAY THIS WEDNESDAY.

THE HOLIDAY, WHICH IS A MAJOR NATIONAL HOLIDAY COMMEMORATES THEIR INDEPENDENT IN THE SOAFT IN 1991.

FROM THE SOVIET UNION.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

THAT'S AN IMPORTANT DAY TO REMEMBER.

AND CERTAINLY IS A LOT GOING ON ON THAT DAY IN U CRAWN.

-- IN UKRAINE.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US THIS EVENING.

FOR COMMENTS YOU CAN WRITE TO THE ADDRESS ON YOUR SCREEN.

IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO VIEW THE SHOW AGAIN YOU CAN VIEW IT ONLINE AT WCNY.ORG.

I'M DAVID CHANATRY, FOR ALL OF US AT IVORY TOWER, HAVE A GOOD NIGHT.