>> TO APPRECIATE THE STORY OF THE SANDFORD DUNCAN INN, ONE MUST UNDERSTAND HISTORY ISN'T ALWAYS A STRAIGHTFORWARD STORY.

THIS EARLY NINETIETH CENTURY INN IS INTRICATELY CONNECTED TO ONE OF THE BEST EXAMPLES OF UN-STRAIGHTFORWARDNESS YOU'LL FIND IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE HISTORY.

WITH A QUICK LOOK AT A MAP ONE CAN EASILY SEE HOW THE BORDER BETWEEN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE GRADUALLY VEERS OFF COURSE NORTHWARD BEFORE ABRUPTLY TURNING SOUTHWARD INTO TENNESSEE AND THEN BACK AGAIN TOWARD KENTUCKY TO FORM A TRIANGLE.

AND THE EXPLANATION FOR WHY THIS UNUSUAL BOUNDARY FORMATION BETWEEN THESE TWO STATES GOT THERE IN THE FIRST PLACE - AND WHY IT'S STILL THERE TODAY - IS ANYTHING BUT STRAIGHTFORWARD.

IN NOVEMBER OF 1779, SURVEYORS WERE LAYING OUT THE BORDER IN WHAT IS NOW NORTHERN TENNESSEE AND SOUTHERN KENTUCKY.

ONE VERSION OF THE STORY IS THE INSTRUMENTS USED BY SURVEYORS WERE THROWN OFF BY CLOUDY WEATHER.

ANOTHER IDEA IS THAT THEIR COMPASS WENT HAYWIRE BECAUSE OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS.

INSTEAD OF CONTINUING A STRAIGHT LINE, THEY DREW A SOUTHWARD TRIANGLE OR JOG.

WHATEVER THE REASON, THE TRIANGLE REMAINED.

BY THE TIME ANYONE GOT AROUND TO RE-SURVEYING THE BORDER IN THE 1800S IT WAS CLEAR MANY CITIZENS OF TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY DID NOT WANT TO SWITCH STATES.

IT IS EVEN RUMORED THAT A PROPERTY OWNER OFFERED THE SURVEYORS A BARREL OF WHISKEY TO INFLUENCE WHERE THEY RAN THE LINE.

BUT THE JOG AT THE BORDER OF TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY CREATED A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR MANY INDIVIDUALS.

FOR ONE THING IT WAS RIGHT ON THE MAIN ROAD BETWEEN KENTUCKY AND NASHVILLE - THE CUMBERLAND TRACE - SO THERE WERE LOTS OF TRAVELERS FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE PASSING THROUGH THE AREA.

THE TRIANGULAR JOG WAS JUST ENOUGH KENTUCKY AND JUST ENOUGH TENNESSEE FOR ITS LEGAL STATUS TO OFTEN BE IN DISPUTE.

PERFECT, FOR ONE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY'S MOST POPULAR GENTLEMANLY AND ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES: DUELING.

AND THAT'S JUST THE BEGINNING OF SO MANY GREAT EPISODES OF THE PAST THAT RESONATE IN THIS PART OF KENTUCKY AND NEAR THE SANFORD DUNCAN INN.

DON'T BE DECEIVED BY ITS HUMBLE APPEARANCE - GET TO KNOW THE PEOPLE WHO PASSED THROUGH ITS DOORS, LEARN ABOUT THE CULTURES THAT CAME TOGETHER HERE, AND IMAGINE THE DRAMA AND INTRIGUE OF A WILD AND EXUBERANT TIME IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

>> FUNDING FOR THIS PROGRAM IS MADE POSSIBLE BY: SIMPSON COUNTY TOURISM COMMISSION KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM CITY OF FRANKLIN, KENTUCKY SIMPSON COUNTY FISCAL COURT FRANKLIN-SIMPSON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FRANKLIN-SIMPSON COMMUNITY ARTS COUNCIL GOODNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY SIMPSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEW SALEM MASONIC LODGE 462 - ORDER OF EASTERN STAR #38 AND BY, NATIONAL DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, SIMPSON COUNTY CHAPTER.

>> MANY OF KENTUCKY'S EARLY ROADS CONSISTED OF WELL-WORN BUFFALO TRACES, USED BY ANIMALS AND NATIVE AMERICANS.

THESE PATHS WERE DIRT COVERED, MAINTAINED ONLY THROUGH USE, AND IMPASSABLE IN INCLEMENT WEATHER.

AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN THE LATE 18TH CENTURY, POST ROADS WERE DESIGNATED TO PROVIDE MAIL DELIVERY UNDER A FEDERAL LICENSE, THOUGH NO MONIES WERE SET ASIDE FOR ROAD DEVELOPMENT.

TURNPIKES WERE AUTHORIZED ON THE STATE LEVEL TO ASSIST FARMERS IN GETTING THEIR GOODS TO MARKET AND FOR TRAVELERS TO REACH THEIR DESTINATIONS IN BETTER TIME.

DURING THE KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE SETTLEMENT ERA, THE CUMBERLAND TRACE WAS A CRUDE BUT BUSY ROAD CONNECTING NASHVILLE, TN AND POINTS NORTH IN KENTUCKY.

IT WASN'T AN EASY ROAD TO TRAVERSE.

IT WAS A PRIMITIVE CRUDE TRAIL.

MUDDY AFTER A RAIN AND FILLED WITH POTHOLES, TREE STUMPS, ROOTS AND BIG ROCKS.

BUT, AN IMPORTANT AND BUSY ROUTE.

MANY DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRAVELERS - FARMERS TAKING PRODUCE AND ANIMALS TO MARKET AND MERCHANTS AND PEDDLERS MOVED THROUGH THE AREA.

AS EARLY AS 1819, SANDFORD AND NANCY DUNCAN BEGAN BUYING PROPERTY NEAR THE CUMBERLAND TRACE IN WHAT IS TODAY, SIMPSON COUNTY.

BORN IN LOUDOUN COUNTY, VIRGINIA, IN 1786, SANDFORD DUNCAN MOVED TO NELSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY, WITH HIS PARENTS.

HE MARRIED NANCY ANN HAMMOND IN 1806.

>> SUSAN HUGHES: MR. DUNCAN AND I BROUGHT 13 CHILDREN INTO THIS WORLD - FOUR GIRLS AND NINE BOYS.

SEVERAL OF THEM PASSED AWAY VERY YOUNG.

BUT BETHIA, HENRY, SANDFORD, REBECCA, GEORGE AND THOMAS, ARE DOING JUST FINE.

>> NARRATOR: SANDFORD DUNCAN HAD QUICKLY BECOME A LEADER IN KENTUCKY.

HE WAS A MEMBER OF THE MASONIC LODGE AND AMONG THOSE SUCCESSFULLY PETITIONING STATE LEADERS IN FRANKFORT TO CREATE SIMPSON COUNTY OUT OF PARTS OF ALLEN, LOGAN AND WARREN COUNTIES.

>> SUSAN HUGHES: HE'S A PROUD MAN, AND HE DESERVES TO BE.

HE HAS PLAYED A BIG PART IN CIVILIZING THIS CORNER OF THE WILDERNESS.

WHILE HE WAS DOING ALL THOSE GRAND THINGS, I WAS BUSY RAISING CHILDREN.

>> THE SLAVE CENSUS SAYS THERE WERE FOUR MEN, AND SIX WOMEN ENSLAVED ON THE DUNCAN FARM.

LITTLE INFORMATION SURVIVES ABOUT THESE INDIVIDUALS, BUT WE KNOW THEIR AGES VARIED FROM NINE TO FIFTY-EIGHT.

THEY WORKED ON THE FARM AND HELPED MAINTAIN THE INN AND PERFORMED ALL MANNER OF HOUSEHOLD CHORES.

>> VIRGIL COVINGTON: YOU'VE GOT TO KNOW WHO DOES THE WORK AROUND HERE.

THAT'S US.

THE PEOPLE, MASTER DUNCAN CLAIMS TO OWN.

THERE'RE USUALLY EIGHT OR TEN SLAVES LIVING HERE.

MEN, WOMEN, BOYS, GIRLS AND WE ARE THE ONES WHO DO THE WORK.

>> NARRATOR: THE DUNCANS BUILT A HOUSE TYPICAL OF THE PERIOD - A LOG STRUCTURE IN THE POPULAR "DOGTROT" STYLE OF THE DAY - TWO LIVING AREAS CONNECTED BY AN OPEN BREEZEWAY.

SOON AFTER CONSTRUCTION, THE EXTERIOR LOGS WERE COVERED WITH WEATHERBOARD PLANKS.

THE 1822 TAX LIST IN SIMPSON COUNTY SHOWED DUNCAN HAD RECEIVED A LICENSE TO OPEN A ROADSIDE INN TO PROVIDE "WHOLESOME, CLEAN LODGING, AND DIET FOR TRAVELERS."

THE LOCATION OF THE DUNCAN FARM HAD A LOT GOING FOR IT.

IT WAS RIGHT ON THE MAIN ROAD SO THERE WERE LOTS OF TRAVELERS.

SOME OF THE EARLY VISITORS VIEWED LINKUMPINCH AND THE TRIANGULAR JOG AS THE PERFECT LOCATION TO DEFEND THEIR HONOR BY SETTLING A SCORE WITH AN OPPONENT IN THE MOST GENTLEMANLY WAY OF THE DAY: DUELING.

WHY THE DUELING GROUND WAS CALLED LINKUMPINCH, NO ONE SEEMS TO KNOW.

ALSO KNOWN AS "NO MAN'S LAND," AS MANY AS 40 DUELS ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE TAKEN PLACE THERE.

THOSE WHO MIGHT BE CHARGED WITH DUELING COULD DISPUTE WHICH STATE THE DUEL ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE IN AND AVOID ARREST.

AND KENTUCKY SHERIFFS COULD NOT PURSUE DUELISTS INTO TENNESSEE AFTER THEY STEPPED ACROSS THE STATE LINE A FEW PACES AWAY FROM THE DUELING GROUND.

>> MYERS: WE PASSED THE LINKUMPINCH DUELING GROUNDS ABOUT A MILE BACK.

I FOUGHT A DUEL THERE ONCE AND COULD HAVE DIED.

AN ACQUAINTANCE INSULTED MY WIFE, AND I THOUGHT HONOR REQUIRED THAT I CALL HIM OUT.

I SPENT THE NIGHT BEFORE THE DUEL RIGHT HERE WITH THE DUNCANS.

>> NARRATOR: IN EUROPE, DUELS EMERGED AS A METHOD FOR GENTLEMEN TO RESOLVE DISPUTES, FIRST WITH SWORDS AND THEN WITH PISTOLS.

DECRIED BY GEORGE WASHINGTON AND EVENTUALLY MADE ILLEGAL IN MANY STATES, THE ART OF THE DUEL REMAINED POPULAR WELL INTO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY - ESPECIALLY WITH POLITICIANS.

VICE PRESIDENT AARON BURR KILLED ALEXANDER HAMILTON IN A DUEL IN WEEHAWKEN, NEW JERSEY IN 1826, SECRETARY OF STATE HENRY CLAY FOUGHT A DUEL WITH SENATOR JOHN RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE, VIRGINIA.

RANDOLPH, KNOWN FOR HIS HOT TEMPER, ACCUSED CLAY OF CHEATING AT CARDS AND "CRUCIFYING THE CONSTITUTION" IN A SPEECH ON THE SENATE FLOOR.

THE FIERY EMANCIPATIONIST CASSIUS MARCELLUS CLAY WAS KNOWN FOR HIS MANY INVOLVEMENTS IN DUELS, PHYSICAL CONFRONTATIONS AND STREET FIGHTS WITH PRO-SLAVERY ADVOCATES.

ANOTHER FAMOUS DUELIST WAS FUTURE PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON, WHOSE LONGTIME DISPUTE WITH TENNESSEE ATTORNEY CHARLES DICKINSON OVER A HORSE RACE TURNED VIOLENT WHEN DICKINSON MADE DEROGATORY COMMENTS ABOUT THE CHARACTER OF JACKSON'S WIFE.

IN KEEPING WITH HIS REPUTATION AS BEING HOT-TEMPERED, JACKSON CHALLENGED DICKINSON TO A DUEL TO SETTLE THE MATTER ON THE JEFF BURR FARM NEAR ADAIRVILLE, KENTUCKY.

>> RHONDA: FRANKLY, I DON'T BLAME MR. JACKSON.

THE INSULTS TOWARDS MR. JACKSON'S LOVELY WIFE WERE SIMPLY HORRID.

IT WAS NOT HER FAULT SHE WAS NOT DIVORCED FROM HER FIRST HUSBAND BEFORE MARRYING AGAIN.

>> LIZ: I'VE BEEN TOLD HER FIRST HUSBAND WAS A WRETCHED AND ABUSIVE MAN.

>> EUGENE BELL: I WAS THERE ON THAT DREADFUL DAY.

SADLY, MY FRIEND MR. DICKINSON WAS KILLED, AND MR. JACKSON TOOK A BULLET TO THE CHEST.

>> NARRATOR: ACCORDING TO HISTORICAL RECORDS, ONE OF THE FIRST NOTABLE DUELS AT LINKUMPINCH, TOOK PLACE ON SEPTEMBER 22, 1826, BETWEEN GENERAL SAM HOUSTON AND GENERAL WILLIAM WHITE, BOTH OF TENNESSEE.

>> BELL: GENERAL WHITE WAS ONE OF THE MOST GALLANT MEN I EVER KNEW AND WAS THE VERY SOUL OF HONOR.

BUT HE DID BECOME ENTANGLED WITH SAM HOUSTON.

>> NARRATOR: THE SANFORD DUNCAN INN WAS AN IDEAL STAGING AREA FOR THE DUELISTS BEFORE THE BIG EVENT AT LINKUMPINCH.

>> NICK: WE JUST ARRIVED AT THE SANDFORD DUNCAN INN NEAR FRANKLIN.

TOOK A LITTLE MORE THAN TEN HOURS FOR OUR JOURNEY.

AS THE DOCTOR, I HOPE THAT NO ONE IS WOUNDED OR KILLED TOMORROW.

>> VIRGIL: I WATCHED WITH INTEREST AS MR. HOUSTON FORMED HIS BULLETS IN THE INN AND THEN PRACTICING WITH HIS PISTOLS OUTSIDE THE BARN.

>> NARRATOR: DUELS WEREN'T JUST A MATTER OF SHOWING UP, PISTOLS IN HAND.

THEY WERE FORMAL AFFAIRS GOVERNED BY A CODE DUELLO, A SET OF STRICT RULES AND REGULATIONS.

WHEN SOMEONE'S HONOR WAS CHALLENGED, A DUEL WAS OFTEN THE EXPECTED WAY TO SETTLE THE DISPUTE.

>> ROGER: I TRIED TO SETTLE THE DISAGREEMENT WITHOUT VIOLENCE, BUT NO APOLOGY WAS MADE.

THE DUEL WAS CERTAIN TO TAKE PLACE.

THE RULES OF ORDER FOR THE DUEL ARE AS FOLLOWS: YOUR SECONDS WILL PLACE THE STAKES AND MARK OFF TEN PACES.

I WILL ASK YOU TO COCK YOUR PISTOLS DOWN BY YOUR SIDE.

WHILE I COUNT TO THREE, YOU WILL RAISE THEM, AND YOU WILL FIRE ON THREE.

>> NARRATOR: AS DIRECTED BY THE DUELING MANAGER MR. DUNCAN, THE SECONDS PLACED THE FIRST STAKE.

AS TENSIONS GREW, GENERAL WHITE WAS ENCOURAGED TO APOLOGIZE TO GENERAL HOUSTON.

MEANWHILE, THE SECOND STAKE WAS PLACED INTO POSITION.

THE WINNER OF THE COIN TOSS WILL DETERMINE WHERE THE DUELISTS WILL STAND, FOR NO DUELIST WANTED TO FACE THE GLARING SUN.

A DOCTOR FROM NASHVILLE WAS PRESENT SHOULD HOUSTON OR WHITE BE WOUNDED.

GENTLEMEN, I SHALL TOSS THE COIN.

GENERAL HOUSTON, CALL IT.

HEADS PLEASE.

HEADS IT IS.

ONE LAST ATTEMPT TO CALL OFF THE DUEL WAS MADE BY MR. DUNCAN.

>> MR. DUNCAN: "GENERAL HOUSTON.

HAS JUSTICE BEEN SERVED?"

>> HOUSTON: "NO SIR, IT HAS NOT."

>> MR. DUNCAN: PROCEED.

>> NARRATOR: THE SECONDS WERE NOW INSTRUCTED TO LOAD THE PISTOLS.

MATCHING PISTOLS WERE USED AND PRESENTED TO THE DUELISTS.

>> MR. DUNCAN: GENTLEMEN, COCK YOUR PISTOLS PLEASE AND RETURN THEM TO YOUR SIDE.

AS I COUNT TO THREE, RAISE YOUR PISTOLS AND FIRE ON THREE.

ONE, TWO, (A PAUSE) THREE.

>> NARRATOR: HOUSTON'S BULLET STRUCK WHITE IN THE GROIN AND WHITE CALLED OUT, "YOU HAVE KILLED ME!"

THOUGH GENERAL WHITE WAS SEVERELY WOUNDED, HE LATER SAID, "I CONQUERED EVEN IN MY FALL, I FULLY RECOVERED."

BEFORE THE DUEL, SANDFORD DUNCAN MADE TWO COFFINS.

ULTIMATELY, NEITHER COFFIN WAS NEEDED.

BUT TENNESSEE'S GOV.

WILLIAM CARROLL REFUSED TO ARREST OR EXTRADITE HOUSTON, ARGUING THAT HE HAD ACTED IN SELF-DEFENSE.

HOUSTON WENT ON TO BE ELECTED GOVERNOR OF TENNESSEE, BECAME A WAR HERO IN LEADING THE TEXAS ARMY IN ITS SUCCESSFUL BATTLE TO GAIN INDEPENDENCE FROM MEXICO; SERVED AS TEXAS PRESIDENT UNTIL ITS ANNEXATION BY THE UNITED STATES, GOVERNOR OF TEXAS, AND CLOSED OUT HIS POLITICAL CAREER AS U.S.

SENATOR FROM TEXAS.

>> FROM THE 1790S UNTIL THE 1850S, HORSE-DRAWN CARRIAGES AND STAGECOACHES WERE THE MOST COMMON WAY TO GET FROM ONE PART OF KENTUCKY TO ANOTHER.

IT IS DIFFICULT TO ADEQUATELY PORTRAY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STAGECOACH DURING NINETEENTH CENTURY KENTUCKY.

IT WAS THE ONLY MEANS BY WHICH A LARGE PART OF THE POPULATION COULD ACCOMPLISH OVERLAND JOURNEYS.

>> MORGAN: THE LIVESTOCK DRIVEN OVER THE ROAD WAS A HUGE NUISANCE.

WE WAITED TO PASS BUT THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORTATION CONSUMED THE WHOLE MORNING.

>> NARRATOR: EARLY STAGECOACHES WERE RUGGED IN THEIR CONSTRUCTION.

THIS MADE THE RIDE DIFFICULT WHEN TRAVELING OVER BUMPY ROADS, AND ACCORDING TO THE SEASON, THE PASSENGERS CHOKED WITH DUST.

>> SALLY: THE LEATHER SHADES ON THE WINDOWS DID BLOCK THE SUNLIGHT, BUT THE DUST, AND THE HEAT MADE THE TRIP VERY UNPLEASANT.

>> PATRICK: BUT WE STOPPED EVERY 10 OR 15 MILES TO REFRESH THE HORSES.

>> TRENT: I DO DELIGHT IN THIS LITTLE INN.

AFTER SEVERAL MILES AND A FEW HOURS IN THE COACH, IT IS A RELIEF TO BRUSH OFF THE DUST, QUENCH THE THIRST AND GET A BATH.

>> BRIAN: THE DUNCAN'S HAVE THEIR BATHHOUSE IN GOOD ORDER AND IT IS NOW READY FOR BATHING.

>> PATRICK: THE WATER IS PLENTY.

THERE IS A LARGE CISTERN AND THERE'S PLENTY OF TOWELS.

>> NARRATOR: THERE WAS LITTLE COMFORT FOR THE PASSENGERS, WHO CONTINUALLY BUMPED AND JOLTED AGAINST EACH OTHER.

AS THEY WERE BUMPING ALONG, THE STAGECOACH RAN ON ITS WAY AT A RATE OF THREE OR FOUR MILES AN HOUR.

>> LEWIS/NICKY: THE COACH WAS SO CROWDED.

I DID MY BEST NOT IMPOSE MYSELF ON THE FAIR LADY NEXT TO ME.

>> GRETA: I COULD NOT BELIEVE WHAT WE HAD TO ENDURE!

THE COACH WAS LUMBERING AND JOLTING THROUGHOUT THE JOURNEY.

>> SALLY: OUR COACH SANK IN THE MUD CAUSING ALL THE STRONG MALE PASSENGERS TO GET OUT AND FREE THE WHEELS.

>> BRIAN: THE STAGECOACH WAS PAINTED IN BRILLIANT COLORS AND OUR DRIVER SAT UP HIGH IN FRONT, WITH A LONG WHIP WITH WHICH HE COULD EASILY REACH THE SPAN OF THE LEAD HORSES.

>> NARRATOR: AS THE STAGECOACH EVOLVED, LEATHER STRAPS WERE ADDED TO SUSPEND THE COACH BODY, ACTING AS A SHOCK-ABSORBING SYSTEM, PROVIDING A ROCKING MOTION TO THE COACH MAKING THE RIDE EASIER AND MORE PLEASANT FOR ITS PASSENGERS.

>> MORGAN: A BEAUTIFUL COACH, DRAWN BY GORGEOUS HORSES ARRIVED IN FRANKLIN TODAY.

>> SHARON: I CONSIDER INNS LIKE THIS LITTLE MORE THAN A NECESSARY EVIL.

I UNDERSTAND THAT THE DRIVER MUST REST AND CHANGE HORSES, ESPECIALLY AFTER A LONG CLIMB BETWEEN NASHVILLE AND HERE - THIS INN IS LIKE MOST OTHERS - CROWDED.

>> RHONDA: AND THEN THERE IS THE STENCH OF TOBACCO.

YOU GENTLEMEN CAUSE EVERYTHING TO REEK WITH YOUR CIGARS AND PIPES.

NOT TO MENTION YOUR CHEWING TOBACCO.

>> GRETA: MOST OF YOU ARE FAR TOO INACCURATE WITH YOUR EXPECTORATIONS.

>> CHRIS: I DO LIKE DRIVING A STAGECOACH, BUT IT IS FRAUGHT WITH DANGER SOMETIMES LEADING TO INJURIES AND EVEN DEATH.

ACCIDENTS ARE COMMON.

WHEELS FALLING OFF AND BRAKES FAILING.

I ADMIT I AM GUILTY OF RACING MY STAGECOACH WHENEVER THE OPPORTUNITY ARISES.

>> MORGAN: OUR DRIVER DIED EARLY THIS MORNING.

TO OUR SURPRISE THE HORSES BROUGHT THE COACH IN THROUGH THE DARK.

>> NICK: ONCE A STAGECOACH TRIED TO CROSS A FLOODED CREEK WHEN ONE OF THE HORSES FELL AND WAS DROWNED.

DRIVER, PASSENGERS AND CARGO WERE WASHED DOWNSTREAM - UNTIL A BOY JUMPED IN AND SAVED THE DRIVER AND MAIL BAGS.

>> NARRATOR: SANDFORD DUNCAN'S LICENSE ALSO ALLOWED HIM TO SELL LIQUOR.

THE DUNCANS GREW CORN ON THEIR FARM, SO IT'S LIKELY THEY DISTILLED AND SOLD WHISKEY - THE CORN-BASED WHISKEY THAT HAD DEVELOPED IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY IN THE LATE 1700S.

>> LEWIS/NICKY: I FIND THE FRIED HAM HERE MOST SATISFACTORY.

AND THE WHISKEY IS A BIT ROUGH, IT DOES QUENCH THE THIRST, AND IF TAKEN IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY IT DOES EASE THE PAIN OF TRAVELLING ON THESE ROUGH ROADS.

>> BRIAN: THE INN IS A WELCOME REPRIEVE.

THE DRIVER WAS ABLE TO FEED HIS HORSES AND WATER HIS HORSES.

AT 4:00 AM TOMORROW, WE'LL BE OFF FOR LOUISVILLE.

>> NARRATOR: DESPITE ITS DRAWBACKS, THE STAGECOACH WAS STILL THE FASTEST AND BEST WAY TO TRAVEL IN THOSE DAYS AND STOPPING AT AN INN ALONG THE WAY ONE COULD FIND GOOD FOOD AND DRINK, FRESH HORSES, AND TRADE THE LATEST NEWS OF THE DAY.

>> SUSAN: I WANTED MY ACCOMMODATIONS TO REFLECT THE WARMTH AND CHARM SO DESIRED BY SO MANY OF OUR VISITORS.

MAINTAINING AN INN AND FARM WAS HARD WORK, BUT WE HAD HELP FROM OUR CHILDREN AND SERVANTS.

>> VIRGIL COVINGTON: YES, THE DUNCANS HAVE A LOT OF CHILDREN WHO WORK ON THE FARM AND IN THE INN.

BUT THEY GET SOMETHING OUT OF IT.

A SLAVE GETS NOTHING OUT FOR HIS LABOR.

THE DUNCANS GIVE US A ROOF, FOOD, AND CLOTHES, BUT NOTHING IS EVER REALLY OURS.

AND YOU MIGHT SAY WHY DON'T WE JUST RUN AWAY?

WHERE ARE WE GONNA RUN TO?

WE WOULD HAVE TO GO OVER A HUNDRED MILES TO GET TO FREEDOM.

AND WE WOULD HAVE TO FIND FRIENDS ALONG THE WAY.

AND THERE ARE LAWS IN THE LAND THAT WILL ARREST SOMEBODY FOR HELPING US AND THEY'D BE PLACED IN JAIL FOR MANY YEARS.

>> VIRGIL COVINGTON: PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO RISK HELPING US.

AND PLUS THERE ARE THE PATROLS - WHITE FOLKS ON THE LOOKOUT FOR BLACK FOLKS BEING SOMEWHERE THEY NOT SUPPOSE TO BE.

HERE WE ARE.

WE WORK, WE EAT, WE SLEEP.

AND WE GO TO CHURCH.

WHITE FOLKS SAY WE ARE BETTER OFF HERE THAN IN AFRICA CAUSE WE CAN GO TO CHURCH.

SO, WE PRAY, AND MAYBE THE LORD WILL MAKE A CHANGE.

>> NARRATOR: LIKE MANY INNS OF THE DAY THAT GREW OUT OF PRIVATE HOMES, THE SANFORD DUNCAN INN WAS NOT VERY LARGE.

ONE ROOM ON THE FIRST FLOOR WAS FOR THE FAMILY.

GUESTS USED THE SECOND ROOM ON THE FIRST FLOOR FOR DINING, DRINKING AND CONVERSATION.

OVERNIGHT VISITORS STAYED UPSTAIRS WITH LIMITED SLEEPING SPACE.

WHEN THE INN WAS CROWDED, MANY GUESTS SLEPT IN ONE ROOM.

SOMETIMES ON THEIR OWN BLANKETS ON THE FLOOR.

>> NICK: FOR 25 CENTS A NIGHT WHICH INCLUDED MY MEAL, ACCESS TO THE WASHHOUSE, AND A ROARING FIRE TO WARM BY, THIS INN, THOUGH SIMPLE, IS PERFECTLY ACCEPTABLE LODGING.

>> MYERS: I FOUND THIS INN VERY PLEASING.

IT WAS A WELCOME RESPITE FROM OUR LONG TRIP FROM LOUISVILLE.

>> NARRATOR: THE DUNCAN HOME WAS HUMBLE BUT FILLED WITH MANY NECESSITIES AND REFINEMENTS OF LIFE PROVIDING COMFORT FOR THEIR FAMILY AND GUESTS.

WHILE IN FRANKLIN ON A SHOPPING TRIP, A BEAUTIFUL CHEST AND MORE CANDLES WERE PURCHASED.

>> TRISH: THE INGRAIN CARPETS AND FLOOR CLOTHS WERE LOVELY.

I COULDN'T HELP BUT NOTICE THE BANDBOXES FOR MRS. DUNCAN'S HATS AND BONNETS.

>> NARRATOR: A MIRROR SITS UPON A CHEST USED BY BOTH THE MEN AND LADY VISITORS.

A ROPE BED IS DRESSED WITH WOOL COVERLETS AND BLANKETS, AND IN THE CORNER, THERE IS A CHAMBER POT, A NECESSARY FIXTURE OF THE TIMES WHEN LITTLE EFFORT WAS GIVEN TO PRIVACY.

>> SHARON: AROUND MRS. DUNCAN'S TABLE, I FOUND THE PEOPLE VERY POLITE AND OBLIGING.

SOME TALK OF HORSES AND HORSE-RACING, AND NEWS OF THE RAILROAD COMING TO THIS PART OF KENTUCKY, BUT FOR OTHERS THE DISCOURSE IS THE TROUBLING NEWS OF THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC.

>> CHRIS: I FLED WITH MY COACH FROM LEXINGTON, THE CHOLERA WAS SPREADING FAST.

500 PEOPLE DIED THERE.

MY PASSENGERS WERE SO VERY AFRAID.

>> SALLY: MANY HAVE GONE TO THEIR BEDS WELL AND HAVE BEEN IN THEIR GRAVES BEFORE THE NEXT MORNING.

>> NARRATOR: OCCASIONALLY A CELEBRITY CAME THROUGH.

IN 1851, ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR ENTERTAINERS OF THE DAY, SWEDISH SOPRANO JENNY LIND CAME TO KENTUCKY AS PART OF A TOUR OF AMERICA.

THOUGH SHE STOPPED AT SANDFORD DUNCAN INN, SHE DID NOT SPEND THE NIGHT.

SHE MAY HAVE HAD TEA WITH MRS. DUNCAN AND PERHAPS SANG A FEW TUNES.

"A BIT OF A SONG."

SANDFORD DUNCAN DIED ON APRIL 26, 1854.

AT HIS DEATH, HE OWNED 593 ACRES, 11 SLAVES, THREE HORSES, SIX MULES, FIVE HEAD OF CATTLE, TWENTY-FIVE HOGS AND A CARRIAGE.

MRS. DUNCAN DIED EIGHT YEARS LATER IN 1862.

SHE LIVED TO WITNESS THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR.

>> MORGAN: WE MAY NOT HAVE TO ENDURE COACHES AND BAD ROADS FOR MUCH LONGER.

JUST LOOK ACROSS THAT FIELD YONDER - THE RAILWAY LINE IS BEING BUILT.

THEY SAY WHEN IT IS FINISHED, WE'LL BE ABLE TO GO BY RAIL FROM NASHVILLE TO LOUISVILLE - ALL THE WAY.

>> LACEY: MOTHER AND FATHER WOULD HAVE BEEN IN SO MUCH DISTRESSED TO SEE SO MANY SOLDIERS MARCHING UP AND DOWN THE TURNPIKE.

STAGECOACHES DON'T COME HERE AS MUCH ANYMORE.

THE CEMETERY IS FULL OF OUR FAMILY.

I FEAR WE WILL HAVE TO SELL THE PROPERTY.

>> NARRATOR: THE INN REMAINED IN THE DUNCAN FAMILY UNTIL THE 1860S, WHEN IT WAS SOLD AND THE ARRIVAL OF INTERSTATE 65 IN THE LATE 1960S TOOK AWAY MUCH OF THE NON-LOCAL TRAFFIC.

YET THE BUILDING THAT HAD SEEN SO MUCH HISTORY SOMEHOW REMAINED.

>> NARRATOR: MODERN TRAVELERS CONTINUED TO MOVE ALONG THE BUSY HIGHWAY AND PROBABLY GAVE LITTLE THOUGHT TO THE STRUCTURE LOCATED JUST A FEW FEET AWAY FROM THE ROAD.

IN 1991, THE SIMPSON COUNTY HISTORIC PROPERTIES TRUST PURCHASED THE HOUSE AND BEGAN WORK RESTORING IT TO ITS EARLY APPEARANCE AND TO RE-DISCOVER ITS FASCINATING HISTORY.

THE ERA OF DUELING HAS DRAWN TO A CLOSE BUT THE LANGUAGE TO REQUIRE OFFICE HOLDERS AND MEMBERS OF THE BAR SWEAR THEY HAVE NOT FOUGHT A DUEL WITH DEADLY WEAPONS, ISSUED OR ACCEPTED A CHALLENGE TO FIGHT A DUEL, OR SERVED AS A SECOND TO A DUEL IS STILL REQUIRED.

>> POLITICIANS: I, BEING A CITIZEN OF THE STATE, HAVE NOT FOUGHT A DUEL WITH DEADLY WEAPONS WITHIN THE STATE NOR OUT OF IT, NOR HAVE I SENT OR ACCEPTED A CHALLENGE NOR HAVE I ACTED AS A SECOND NOR AIDED OR ASSISTED ANY PERSON THUS OFFENDING, SO HELP ME GOD.

>> NARRATOR: DUELING AT LINKUMPINCH IS NO LONGER PRACTICED, BUT THE SANDFORD DUNCAN INN SURVIVED AND HAS THE POWER TO STIR OUR IMAGINATIONS AND GIVE US UNFORGETTABLE INSIGHT INTO WHO WE ARE AS A STATE, A REGION, AND A NATION.

FUNDING FOR THIS PROGRAM IS MADE POSSIBLE BY: SIMPSON COUNTY TOURISM COMMISSION KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM CITY OF FRANKLIN, KENTUCKY SIMPSON COUNTY FISCAL COURT FRANKLIN-SIMPSON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FRANKLIN-SIMPSON COMMUNITY ARTS COUNCIL GOODNIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY SIMPSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEW SALEM MASONIC LODGE 462 - ORDER OF EASTERN STAR #38 AND BY, NATIONAL DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, SIMPSON COUNTY CHAPTER.