♪♪ -In June 1942, Hitler traveled to Finland to have talks with the Finnish leader, Mannerheim, in a railway carriage.

The talks were being recorded by the Finns for posterity.

-The formal part of the discussion comes to an end, but the sound engineers let the recording device carry on recording.

We hear for the only time Hitler speaking privately.

♪♪ [ Hitler speaking German ] ♪♪ ♪♪ -What is fascinating is the tone and tenor of Hitler's voice.

This is not prepared.

This is almost stream-of-consciousness stuff.

-He reveals how his meeting with the Soviet foreign minister made up his mind to invade.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -And then an SS man notices that the recording is still going, and he goes like that.

♪♪ -This is the story of the Eastern Front of the Second World War, which many see as its defining conflict.

It was a campaign that saw some of the most brutal and inhumane warfare in all of history.

Our interest is the psychology of that war... -What is the enemy up to?

Can you deceive him?

-...the minds of dictators, and the morality of those around them.

-Hitler always needed people around him saying, "You are a genius.

You are our leader.

You are the fuehrer."

-To tell this story, we've asked some of the world's most eminent historians and experts with different kinds of insight to each take us inside the mind of one of the key protagonists.

-He wants to be the architect of Germany's reality.

In some ways, the only truth teller.

♪♪ [ Choir vocalizing in German ] -Nazi rule relies on quiet complicity.

[ Choir vocalizing in German ] -Ultimately, it's a study of why dictatorships are flawed.

And how those who rule through fear and terror can never trust even the people closest to them.

[ Choir vocalizing in German ] -He's in charge again, so it's, "Don't cry over spilled milk, it's behind me, yes, we failed, now let's see what we can do."

[ Choir vocalizing in German ] ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -It's January 1942.

Hitler has launched Operation Barbarossa... ♪♪ ...invading the Soviet Union in the north, south, and center, but he's just lost the Battle of Moscow.

And all three of the armies are now bogged down in the Russian winter.

The German army desperately needs fuel and resources.

Furious with this failure, Hitler has sacked or sidelined his top generals and appointed himself head of the German army.

-Hitler feels that he has the willpower and the genius, frankly, to turn the tide and defeat the Soviets.

Hitler wants war without end.

Continual warfare was the only way in which a race, as he thought of the Germans, could survive.

Without war, they would be weak.

So there's no prospect of the war ending.

He believes it's all or nothing, and 1942 is the year where it's going to be all.

-Hitler decides on a bold new plan -- to focus all his attack in the south.

The aim?

To take the Soviets' oil fields, stealing the fuel from Stalin's army and supplying his own.

But before he can do that, the German forces need to be rearmed.

As formal head of the war economy, this would usually fall to Hermann Goering.

But he's fallen out of favor.

♪♪ -The general view of Goering is that he was a bit of a maverick, that he liked dressing up, he took drugs, that he indulged himself a great deal, and so on.

I think for Hitler one of the main considerations in early '42 is that Goering's been given a lot of power and responsibility.

I mean, he has half a dozen offices.

I mean, there were so many things that Goering does, so many pies he had his finger in.

You know, Hitler has come to understand I think, that, you know, there is a limit to Goering.

And the habit in the Third Reich, of course, was for Hitler to give power and to take it away.

It's to raise people up and drop them away.

-And there's a new man rising in Hitler's inner circle who has been designing the monuments of the Third Reich -- Hitler's favorite architect, 36-year-old Albert Speer.

-Hitler was notorious for appointing apparently unqualified people to do important jobs.

You have Ribbentrop as foreign minister, who was actually a wine merchant.

You have Goering, who is a pilot, running the economy.

And Speer fits the bill perfectly.

♪♪ -The vision of Hitler and Speer is to build monumental buildings, like in ancient Rome, like in ancient Athens.

Berlin will be the world's biggest and most famous capital.

For him, no building is high enough, and no hall is long enough.

And this is exactly what Hitler wanted.

♪♪ -There's gonna be a triumphal arch bigger than the one in Paris, a great hall with a dome bigger than that of St. Peter's, and it was gargantuan.

Speer recorded in his memoirs that his father, who was also an architect, came and saw these plans.

He just tapped his head and said, "You've all gone mad."

♪♪ -Now Speer has an opportunity.

If he can solve Hitler's problem and successfully resupply the German army, he will become even more powerful.

But there is one person in his way -- Hermann Goering.

♪♪ He goes for a meeting to try and gain access to Goering's ministries.

-Well, Goering, I think is horrified by the appointment of Speer and really doesn't understand it.

You know, he's had years of experience running areas of the economy.

Here's Albert Speer, who really knows nothing about armaments, knows nothing about the war economy.

-Goering keeps Speer waiting for over an hour.

-He knows he is close to Hitler.

He walks in and out of Hitler's flat, and not Goering.

♪♪ ♪♪ -Speer understands that Goering is motivated by the prestige of power, but doesn't actually want to do the work.

So he offers to do Goering's job for him whilst Goering remains the figurehead.

♪♪ And so Germany has a new armaments minister -- architect Albert Speer.

-He talks Hitler into winning -- "We can win the war.

I will more than double the war production."

-Hitler loves Speer's confidence, so begins preparations for his huge attack in the south.

♪♪ At the Kremlin, the map looks very different for Stalin.

He's won the Battle of Moscow, but millions of German troops are still all over the country, from Leningrad in the north, to Rostov in the south.

♪♪ ♪♪ -Oh, my goodness.

Pravda.

"Glorious victory at Moscow."

[ Speaking Russian ] And in prime position, Zhukov.

Saved Leningrad, saved Moscow, the two leading cities of the Soviet Union.

Perhaps for Stalin, a slightly bigger worry that this army officer is getting rather big for his boots, and, "I must watch him."

-Stalin views Zhukov as his most capable general, but a potential threat... ♪♪ ...because Zhukov could be a dictator.

Stalin doesn't make these kind of mistakes.

He could smell Zhukov's strengths.

Zhukov's ruthless.

Zhukov's highly popular.

And Stalin knows that he needs Zhukov, but he has to distance Zhukov from himself.

-Determined to prove that he's the one in charge, Stalin unveils his own plan to drive the Germans out of the Soviet Union, launching a huge offensive from Leningrad to the Black Sea.

But Zhukov can see Stalin's plan is doomed.

He warns Stalin that after the Battle of Moscow, the Red Army are in no shape to attack so soon.

-Stalin has shown time and time again -- "If you get in my way, I will get in yours terminally."

But Zhukov had the courage, when necessary -- I'm sure he chose his moments carefully, but when necessary -- to say to Stalin, "Comrade Stalin, yes, but..." -While Zhukov is warning, correctly warning, Stalin doesn't want to hear that.

Stalin is confident now.

He is in the driving seat, he is the big boss.

It's not just about winning the war -- It's about making sure he was in charge.

-So Zhukov's reward for the success of the Battle of Moscow is that he is sidelined and sent to the front.

-Something that's always happened to dictators -- By cleaning their paths to power, they have no choice but to eliminate the most capable and most skillful executives.

The moment Stalin or Hitler tried to take over the command, it led to a disaster.

-Hitler has already made a similar mistake, replacing or firing his top generals.

♪♪ And now the man in charge of the 6th Army, who will play a key role in the attack on the south... ...is a man who has never commanded troops in the field before -- the recently appointed General Paulus.

♪♪ ♪♪ [ Train whistle blows ] ♪♪ -Paulus' leadership qualities were, frankly, rather weak, to put it mildly.

He probably felt a slight feeling of imposter syndrome.

At the same time, feeling thrilled and happy at this remarkable piece of luck.

♪♪ -Paulus is immediately thrust into difficulty when his troops are attacked by the Red Army at the city of Kharkov.

♪♪ [ Explosions in distance ] ♪♪ -Paulus was under tremendous strain.

He had this nervous tic reveal quite how much pressure he was under.

Paulus was nicknamed "The Delayer."

This was partly because he did not like to take a decision.

He was always rather frightened of taking the wrong decision.

♪♪ -Paulus asks permission to hold off on attacking.

But Hitler is now in control of the battlefield.

He instructs Paulus to smash through Red Army lines.

Following Hitler's orders, Paulus and his army annihilate Soviet troops.

Stalin loses nearly 300,000 soldiers.

Hitler personally thanks Paulus for the victory and awards him the Knight's Cross.

-Paulus had tremendous admiration from that particular moment, thinking, "Well, Hitler must have had a better view from up there than I had down on the ground during the course of the battle."

-Hitler's put Paulus in his debt and binds Paulus to him personally.

Paulus then follows every command of Hitler's, believing totally in his military brilliance.

-So Hitler feels ready to launch his massive assault on the south.

♪♪ Just over a week before the operation begins, a German plane is shot out of the sky by the Red Army.

When they approach the wreckage, they find in the dead officer's satchel the German invasion plans.

The maps and documents are raced to the Kremlin.

♪♪ ♪♪ -The German airplane shot down, and the pilot accidentally has a map.

In Stalin's eyes, forgery, disinformation.

So you cannot trust it.

I don't think Stalin had even a second thought because it's accidental.

He doesn't believe in accidents.

So it's probably staged.

-Having sidelined his top general, Zhukov, Stalin has nobody to make him see sense.

-Stalin thought that Hitler would eventually attack Moscow.

Because taking over Moscow, that's the way to make the Soviet capitulate.

And while Germans were making their buildups in the south, Stalin couldn't think of anything else but Moscow, because he was there.

And that's why the real information from the dead pilot, that was all disregarded by Stalin because it did not fit his -- his ideas about the top targets in Hitler's mind.

♪♪ -So Stalin fails to defend the south, and the German army storms through.

Soon a million German soldiers are advancing on the oil fields.

They show no mercy towards Soviet civilians.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -There's a form of moral anesthetic.

Paulus probably feels that he's certainly not active in pushing Hitler's genocidal endeavors.

He was uneasy, but he certainly wasn't going to speak out in any way against it.

♪♪ -At this point, it is interesting to know what Hitler is thinking.

Because on one hand the war seems to be going well, but it's all taking so much longer than he thought.

How does he justify to himself the failures of the campaign so far?

In June 1942, he travels to Finland to meet the Finnish leader, Mannerheim.

And one can listen in to their conversation.

♪♪ [ Hitler speaking German ] -He's talking quite informally and quite openly about where things have gone wrong, excusing the failure of the German army to defeat the Red Army, the Soviet army in short order.

He's making excuses for his failures.

♪♪ -While Hitler complains that nobody told him how strong the Russian army was, he doesn't realize that there are other things that people still don't dare tell him.

In Berlin, the architect Speer is struggling.

-He does everything in his power to enforce war production and to get more and more people to work.

He doesn't care where these laborer come from.

-Desperate to give Hitler the armaments he has promised, he conscripts slave labor into the war effort.

-Speer is not only an able organizer, but he is ruthless.

He takes every worker he can get his hands on.

-Tens of thousands die as he tries to supply the Nazi war machine.

But it's still not enough.

So he decides to cook the books, faking the numbers to try and make it appear to Hitler like he is delivering.

♪♪ Hitler is so convinced that he will ultimately win the war, he takes another huge gamble.

He's going to capture not only the Soviet oil fields, but 300 miles of the Black Sea coast, as well as the city of Stalingrad.

In military terms, this is madness.

♪♪ -Hitler is desperately impatient.

Paulus, I think, had a mixed idea or a feeling about what was lying ahead.

He certainly was not going to openly reject the orders coming from Hitler's headquarters.

-By dividing the army group, Hitler is weakening each of the two parts.

-So while Paulus is sent to Stalingrad, the other half of the army sets off to capture the oil fields.

♪♪ But what looks straightforward on Hitler's map is different in reality.

♪♪ They soon find themselves traversing the colossal Caucasus Mountains.

Within weeks, they are low on fuel and supplies, and the army grinds to a halt.

♪♪ [ Man singing in German ] A general of the army high command returns from the Caucasus with the worst possible news.

The operation to capture Stalin's oil fields is failing.

[ Man singing in German ] But Hitler demands that the campaign continue at all costs.

-It's very unusual for a general to stand up to Hitler, but so serious is the situation that he does.

Unusually, he stands his ground, and he shouts back at Hitler -- "You gave the orders, you can't blame us, the generals.

It's all your fault."

♪♪ Things get very heated.

Hitler's not used to being informed by generals that his own strategy is not going to work.

-What happens next seems to be a turning point in Hitler's psychology.

♪♪ With no one left to blame, he has some kind of mental collapse.

♪♪ -He withdraws, pulls back, won't talk to the generals again, eats on his own.

And there's a generally rather unpleasant, tense atmosphere in the headquarters.

-Convinced his generals must have misquoted his orders, he brings in a team of stenographers from Berlin to type out everything he says in meetings from now on.

-None of this shakes Hitler's belief that he will win the war.

Hitler begins to pin his hopes on Stalingrad.

It's the part of the operation that's still going forward.

And he now decides that that is the big objective -- conquering the city named after Stalin.

[ Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" plays ] ♪♪ -Dictators, they pay overwhelming attention to symbols.

It's all about symbols.

Dictator must prove time and again that he is -- he is worthy of this power that he somehow has been given, often grabbed.

But to hold his power, he needs victories, sometimes symbolic victories.

If the city was named whatever, Volgograd, Yekaterinoslav, whatever the name is, Tsaritzyn as the original name, I don't think Hitler would be so devoted to go against this.

But it was Stalingrad.

And I think the name on the map, you know, paralyzed Hitler.

He wanted to take Stalingrad.

And the German armies, instead of using their momentum, the advantage, the maneuvers, and looking for oil in Baku and Caucasus, he decides to bring his best troops into -- into -- into Stalingrad.

Stalin was quite pleased.

Deep in his soul, Stalin feels even happy.

He knows enough about war to recognize that Hitler is making a mistake.

That war in the city is going to wear out German troops.

Also I think in the back of his mind, he thinks about the great effect.

If Stalingrad survives, if this battle is won, that's him, Joseph Stalin, here in the city of Stalin, which has nothing to do with Stalin, but now it's the city that bears Stalin's name.

That's where the German army could meet its match.

[ Choir vocalizing in German ] -For both Hitler and Stalin, this becomes a symbol of their conflict.

For Hitler, it'd be a kind of symbolic victory over Stalin.

Stalin realizes this and throws everything he can into its defense.

-Stalin orders that every Russian man, woman, and child must stay and defend the city.

Any Russian soldiers seen retreating will be shot immediately.

♪♪ ♪♪ So both the Red Army and the German forces descend on Stalingrad.

♪♪ -Stalin knows that the professionals must carry the war.

Zhukov is Stalin's man now, not his pet, not his favorite, but this is the man Stalin needs.

-What's apparent to Zhukov is that the German army has a weak spot in Axis troops camped outside the city.

Romanian, Hungarian, and Italian forces are vulnerable to attack in the north and south.

Zhukov aims to launch a simultaneous attack on both these flanks.

-Zhukov came up with an ambitious plan to encircle Paulus' 6th Army of the Wehrmacht.

It is the great objective of any ambitious general because it gives you, if you get it right, an outstanding victory.

-Paulus is aware of exactly the same weakness.

Fearing his army is vulnerable to Soviet entrapment, he goes to ask Hitler for reinforcements.

At the same moment in Moscow, Zhukov asks for Stalin's approval to attack.

-This is the moment where both dictators, they change the course almost simultaneously.

While Stalin demonstrates that Zhukov has his full confidence, Hitler goes in the opposite direction.

♪♪ -Hitler refuses to listen to Paulus' concerns.

He's only interested in when Stalingrad will fall.

♪♪ -Hitler, once again consumed by impatience, wants to have something to announce back in Germany of a huge victory in the East, and so he is pushing Paulus to say when is the city gonna fall.

Paulus had already given an assessment of another two weeks at least.

But actually even Paulus didn't believe that figure at the time.

♪♪ ♪♪ -On the 30th of September, 1942, Hitler is in Berlin to make a speech.

He declares to the nation that victory at Stalingrad is imminent.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -Hitler's self-belief was absolute.

Success is what's gonna happen.

You can't even contemplate any kind of failure.

Hitler in his speech is really doing two things.

He's rallying the public around the belief that Stalingrad is finished, that the German troops are gonna occupy it in very short order.

But he's also saying to the German troops that that's what they've got to do.

They're gonna occupy Stalingrad.

They mustn't be deterred.

♪♪ [ Cheers and applause ] ♪♪ -Hitler has publicly tied his own fate to the conquest of Stalingrad.

But Stalin isn't going anywhere.

The Soviet people take up arms against the Germans, fighting house by house and street by street to defend the city.

[ Gunfire ] [ Machine-gun fire ] ♪♪ -Stalingrad degenerated into the most bitter gutter fighting amongst the ruined factories.

Very vicious, indeed.

♪♪ -With no space for tanks, savage urban combat breaks out in ruined homes, basements, and cellars across Stalingrad.

It's a fight to the death.

♪♪ With the Germans dug in inside the city, Stalingrad could fall.

Now Zhukov launches his attack.

He sends over a million of his troops in a surprise pincer movement, attacking the weak German flanks and trapping a quarter of a million enemy soldiers.

-Well, it showed great imagination, thinking out of the box and on the grand scale.

The distances and numbers involved in that encirclement operation are on the ambitious side, without doubt.

-Before Paulus can react, his army is almost entirely surrounded.

-Paulus is in fairly constant correspondence with Fuehrer headquarters to decide on what should be done.

♪♪ -Paulus asks permission from Hitler to break out.

-The German armies cannot withdraw, not least because he said that they've already won.

So it will be a serious loss of face for him.

Stalingrad has to be captured.

♪♪ -Autocratic leaders seem incapable of accepting that an army sometimes has to withdraw to more favorable ground in order better to defend.

For the dictator, every inch is a failure.

And by not allowing redeployment, they make the end worse than ever.

-But for one man, this is the opportunity he's been waiting for.

♪♪ ♪♪ Hermann Goering sees the situation in Stalingrad as a way to redeem himself with Hitler and gain the upper hand over his rival, Albert Speer.

-He's very aware that Germany is up against it.

He wants Germany to win.

Victory means Goering's still number two, Goering -- you know, even more resources, Goering with this big hunting forest in Russia.

You know, victory means a lot to Goering.

-Goering has a plan that he claims will miraculously turn the tide at Stalingrad.

He persuades Hitler that he can use the Luftwaffe to supply Paulus' trapped army with enough food and equipment to beat Stalin.

-This is an opportunity to demonstrate once again that he's in command.

There's no serious group of people sitting around and evaluating what's going on and saying, "This could be done," "That can't be done," and so on.

You've got Hitler and Goering, both of them inclined to be impulsive strategically.

You know, Hitler desperately needing a solution to a strategic disaster, which he's created.

Goering desperately wanting to get in with Hitler again and show him that, you know, he can deliver something that Hitler wants.

So the two of them are really colluding together to create what actually turns out to be a strategic fantasy.

-Just like Speer before him, Goering knows he can't deliver on his farfetched promise, but sends his Luftwaffe in anyway, carrying only a fraction of the supplies needed to sustain Hitler's army.

The Russian winter prevents most planes from landing.

Those that do are attacked by the Soviets.

Goering loses the lives of a thousand men, leaving Paulus and his army stranded in Stalingrad.

♪♪ Among those trapped is Albert Speer's brother Ernst.

His family members beg Speer to use his influence to get his brother out, but Speer claims he can't do anything to save him.

-Speer doesn't really feel guilt.

He is willing to sacrifice the lives of his family for this higher cause.

-It's Christmas Day, and for weeks, Paulus and his men have been trapped with virtually no supplies.

They're stuck in an area known as the Cauldron.

But instead of boiling alive, they are freezing to death.

-The suffering of the German troops was appalling.

The temperatures were often down to minus-20, even at one stage to minus-30.

Meant that the casualties from frostbite were simply terrifying.

♪♪ -From that point onwards, they are beginning to starve to death.

And they start eating the horses, they start eating animals.

And in the end, there's some evidence they started eating each other.

-Caught between the extreme suffering of his men and his duty to his commander in chief, Paulus is now in a state of mental and physical collapse.

-Paulus was suffering very badly from recurrent dysentery.

He was extremely thin and haggard.

His twitch was pretty manic, and one could tell that really he was only occasionally sort of in control of his own state and his own emotions.

And this is where Schmidt, his chief of staff, starts to take over.

-Paulus, he had no options basically.

That's his problem.

He had no option other than to disobey Hitler and start to withdraw or to surrender.

What else could he have done?

♪♪ ♪♪ -At the start of 1943, the Russians dropped thousands of leaflets over the Cauldron, wishing the 6th Army a happy new year.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -To the officers and soldiers of the Wehrmacht, your hopes to get help -- as of nothing.

You've had it, so the best thing you can do is basically come out with your hands up, or you'll die.

♪♪ ♪♪ -Paulus tries one last roll of the dice.

He chooses a most unlikely messenger to go and reason with Hitler -- a 23-year-old called Winrich Behr.

-Hitler was not listening to any generals.

And so that's why they chose Winrich Behr, who was there, a young 23-year-old captain in his black Panzer uniform with the Knight's Cross at the throat who would speak to him almost soldier to soldier.

-Under artillery fire, he is smuggled out and flown to the Wolf's Lair, where he is given an audience with Hitler.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -Behr basically was not allowed to speak.

Hitler basically was telling him what a wonderful situation it was, they would have an opportunity of inflicting a vast defeat on the Red Army, and all the rest of it.

Now, Behr knew perfectly well that this was untrue.

And he waited until Hitler had finished.

And then he said, you know, "Mein Fuehrer, will I please now have your permission to tell you exactly what I was ordered to tell you by my commander in chief?"

And in front of all of the others present, Hitler could not say no.

-Behr tells Hitler that the situation before Stalingrad is desperate.

That the troops are starving, that their morale and their physical strength is so low it's increasingly difficult for them to fight.

Then Hitler just thinks that Behr's talking nonsense.

So he takes him to the situation map and shows him all these massive German forces, all these divisions.

And Behr realizes these divisions are now reduced to just a few hundred men each.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -Stalin is now on the brink of victory in the city that bears his name.

But so far, he's lost the lives of almost half a million soldiers and 40,000 civilians.

-Stalin didn't care about human lives.

It was all about winning, it's all about surviving.

When we say "brutality," we believe that there's certain values, like human life, that, you know, could stand in the way of us achieving our goals.

Stalin, Stalin was a classical dictator.

If you should get from A to B or A to Z, you know, it doesn't matter, you know, how many people will die in the middle.

♪♪ ♪♪ -Hitler now becomes fixated on the idea that whatever happens in Stalingrad, his troops must not surrender.

Sensing Hitler's wishes, Goering gives a speech on the radio that even the soldiers in Stalingrad will be able to hear.

-What he's telling his audience is that the men in Stalingrad are like the 300 in Thermopylae, the Greeks, the Spartans who sacrifice themselves to save Sparta.

And it's a bizarre message, because it means that all the people in Stalingrad are to going to die.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ -Those few who actually heard the speech, they knew that this was their funeral oration, implying that they were there to die, to create this great legend.

-Paulus is holed up in the basement of a bombed-out department store in Stalingrad when he finally gets word from Hitler himself.

He receives a telegram announcing that he's been promoted to field marshal.

♪♪ -Paulus knew instantly what it indicated.

No German field marshal had ever surrendered.

He knew perfectly well that Hitler expected him to commit suicide.

-Die an honorable soldier's death, like Roman generals falling on their swords when they were defeated.

It shows the fanaticism of the Nazi Party.

It shows Hitler's all-or-nothing mentality.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ [ Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" plays ] ♪♪ ♪♪ -On the 31st of January, 1943, Paulus surrenders what is left of his army to the Russians.

♪♪ ♪♪ -I think the most obvious lesson from Paulus' experiences and his life as the pawn of a dictator shows that if you do not have the courage to stand up to a dictator, you will be left to suffer.

The lack of moral courage which Paulus showed was actually going to do for him in the end, and it did.

♪♪ -The Soviet victory at Stalingrad marks a crucial turning point in the war.

-Stalin knows that it's a big defeat for German military machine, but also it's a spiritual victory for him, because it's Stalingrad.

His stock goes up.

Not just Soviet Union -- Stalin.

He is potentially viewed as a liberator.

And many of the past crimes could be simply, you know, wiped out from history.

♪♪ -Memories fade.

I was born in 1944, a wartime baby.

My father was away fighting.

We forget just how primeval a situation it was.

♪♪ The weakness of dictatorship is, you get one man who thinks he is infallible, who will not brook debate or dissension, very dismissive of the value of human life.

And in the end, I'm glad to say they don't really work.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪