>> COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON, A FEDERAL APPEALS COURT HAS MOVED TO WEAKEN THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT.

ALSO TONIGHT, HOW A RISE IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURES COULD HAVE A CAST STROFIC EFFECT.

>> AND THIS IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THE CONTRIBUTORS FOR PBS AND MEMBERS OF THE STATION, THANK YOU.

>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON, I'M STEVE GOLDSTEIN IN FOR TED SIMONS TODAY.

THE TRUCE IN HAMAS HAS EXTENDED TO DAY SEVEN AND WITH THE RELEASE OF TWO ISRAELI WOMEN.

AND MORE RELEASES COULD BE DIFFICULT AS HAMAS IS SET TO SET A HIGHER PRICE FOR REMAINING CAPTIVES.

AND MOUNTING PRESSURE FOR THE TRUCE TO CONTINUE FOR AS LONG AS POSSIBLE.

HE'S THE FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE WHOSE POWER TRANSCENDED MORE THAN ANY OTHER, HENRY KISSINGER DIED AT AGE 100.

HIS MANIPULATION OF POWER MADE HIM A PIVOTAL PLAYER AND DURING WATERGATE, AND HE TOOK ON THE ROLE OF CO-PRESIDENT.

AND CRITICS ARGUED HE SHOULD BE CALLED FOR ACCOUNT FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA AND REPRESSIVE REGIMES IN LATIN AMERICA.

ARIZONA SUPREME COURT BILL MONTGOMERY RECUSED HIMSELF ON NEAR BAN OF ABORTION FOR TERRITORIAL DAYS, IN 2017, MONTHLY SAID ON FACEBOOK THAT PLANNED PARENTHOOD WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR A GENERATIONAL HE GENOCIDE.

AT FIRST HE WAS NOT GOING TO RECUSE HIMSELF, BUT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CAME TO HIS ATTENTION AND CHANGED HIS MIND.

AND KARI LAKE TODAY, A SUPERIOR COURT JUDGE DENIED HER REQUEST FOR LOOKING AT BALLOTS.

AND KEEPING THOSE SECRET WOULD PREVENT HARASSMENT OF VOTERS.

A FEDERAL APPEALS COURT RULING HANDED DOWN ON MONDAY COULD THREATEN THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT, A LANDMARK CIVIL RIGHTS LAW, HERE TO DISCUSS WHAT THAT COULD MEAN IS STEPHEN MONTOYA FROM MONTOYA LUCERA AND PASTOR.

WELCOME BACK.

THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT, WHAT DOES IT SAY.

>> SECTION TWO OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE MODERN VOTING RIGHTS ACT AND IT PROHIBITS THE GOVERNMENT FROM CREATING ANY RULE THAT RESULTS IN A MINORITY VOTE BEING COUNTED LESS THAN SOMEBODY ELSE'S VOTE.

SO IT PROTECTS THE RIGHT TO VOTE, SPECIFICALLY THE RIGHT TO VOTE OF MINORITIES, WHICH IS IN THIS COUNTRY BASED ON OUR HISTORY, IS PRIMARILY AFRICAN-AMERICANS, BUT IT ALSO APPLIES TO NATIVE AMERICANS, HISPANIC AMERICANS AND OTHER MINORITIES.

>> WHAT DID THIS 8TH CIRCUIT RULING SAY AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT SECTION TWO.

>> THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT HAS BEEN AROUND SINCE 1965, IT WAS THE PINNACLE OF THE VICTORIES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE MARCH ON SELMA WAS THE GREATEST PUSH IN FAVOR OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT, BUT THIS OPINION IS VERY, VERY BIZARRE.

IT'S A VERY RADICAL OPINION BECAUSE FOR AS LONG AS THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT HAS EXISTED, INDIVIDUALS HAVE HAD THE RIGHT TO ENFORCE THE ACT BECAUSE IT'S INDIVIDUALS WHO EXERCISE THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND THE LANGUAGE OF SECTION TWO ITSELF SAYS THAT THE RIGHT TO VOTE CANNOT BE INFRINGED AND THAT ANY RULE RESULTING, WHETHER INTENTIONALLY OR OTHERWISE, RESULTING IN THE DEPRIVATION OF THAT RIGHT VIOLATES THE ACT.

INDIVIDUALS HAVE SUED REPEATEDLY TO ENFORCE THE ACT AND IN FACT, THE CASE LAW SURROUNDING SECTION TWO IS BASICALLY REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INDIVIDUAL'S RIGHT TO SUE UNDER THE ACT.

THE 8TH CIRCUIT RULED THAT THE INDIVIDUALS CANNOT SUE, ONLY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES CAN.

>> SO WE'RE IN A SITUATION NOW WE'VE SEEN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT SORT OF CHIP AWAY AT THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT IN RECENT YEARS.

>> TO CHIP AWAY, THAT'S AN UNDERSTATEMENT, TO HACK AWAY.

>> INDICATED THE SAME DIRECTION WITH THE 8TH CIRCUIT RULING?

>> I DON'T THINK SO, I'LL TELL YOU WHY.

EVEN THE 5TH CIRCUIT THE MOST CONSERVATIVE CIRCUIT COURT IN THE UNITED STATES HAS SAID THERE'S A PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION UNDER SECTION TWO FOR INDIVIDUALS TO ENFORCE THEIR RIGHTS UNDER THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT.

MOREOVER, THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES INDICTA, IT HASN'T BEEN FULLY LITIGATED, BUT REPEATEDLY ACKNOWLEDGED FOR THE PAST 30 YEARS THAT IN FACT THERE IS SUCH A RIGHT AND THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, YOU HEAR ABOUT THE CONSERVATIVES SAYING THE ORIGIN TENT IS WHAT GOVERNS.

WELL, IT'S CLEAR THAT THE ORIGINAL INTENT OF SECTION TWO CONTEMPLATED THAT INDIVIDUALS WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO ENFORCE SECTION TWO SO I'M BELIEVING THAT WE ARE GOING TO GET A 5-2, MAYBE A 6-3, OR A 5-4 OPINION REVERSING THE 8TH CIRCUIT'S OPINION.

>> INTERESTING, SO IN A PRACTICAL SENSE YOU THINK THAT THIS IS SOMETHING THAT EVEN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT HAS GONE TOO FAR?

>> YES, AND I THINK THAT THE U.S. SUPREME COURT HAS THOUGHT THAT SOME OF THE CIRCUIT COURTS HAVE GONE TOO FAR.

THE RECENT CASE INVOLVING A CIRCUIT COURT SAYING THAT PEOPLE GUILTY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COULD STILL HAVE A GUN.

THEY HAD A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO A GUN.

THE SUPREME COURT DIDN'T FIND THAT VERY PLAUSIBLE.

>> LET'S SAY THE U.S. SUPREME COURT DOES NOT DO WHAT YOU THINK THEY WILL.

LET'S SAY IT SUPPORTS OR REINFORCES WHAT THE 8TH CIRCUIT DID.

PRACTICEAL ON UPCOMING IMPACTS ON 24, 26, 28?

>> IT'S A BIG PRACTICEAL IMPACT, AND THE AG CAN ONLY BRING SO MANY CASES AND THE AG IS A POLITICAL APPOINTEE.

IF THE REPUBLICANS GET BACK INTO OFFICE THE AG WON'T EP FORCE THE RIGHTS ACT.

AND UNDER THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION THE ATTORNEY BROUGHT ONE CASE.

>> LET'S LOOK AT THIS AND YOU HAVE A GREAT HISTORY WHEN IT COMES TO THIS SORT OF THING.

THERE HAVE BEEN PEOPLE THAT SAID IT'S NOT THE 1960'S ANYMORE, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT WAS PASSED IN ADDITION TO THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT.

>> WE NEED IT MORE THAN EVER BEFORE.

THE RIGHT TO VOTE IS FUNDAMENTAL, BUT BECAUSE THE RIGHT TO VOTE IS SO IMPORTANT, POLITICAL PARTIES AND OTHER POLITICAL FACTIONS ARE CONSTANTLY TRYING TO UNDERMINE IT, SO, BECAUSE THAT RIGHT IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ALL OTHER RIGHTS, IT NEEDS TO BE PROTECTED ABOVE ALL OTHER RIGHTS, SO, IT MUST BE PROTECTED VIGOROUSLY IN ORDER TO REALLY PERSPECTIVE THE FOUNDATION OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY.

>> SO THE CYNICAL POLITICAL QUESTION IS THEN, IS THIS BECAUSE OUR DEMOGRAPHICS HAVE CHANGED AND THERE ARE THOSE THAT WOULD LIKE TO WIPE OUT THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT BECAUSE THOSE WHO ARE BENEFITTED BY THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT ARE THOSE WHO WOULD NOT VOTE FOR THOSE PEOPLE?

>> ABSOLUTELY, IT'S A PARTISAN THING.

THE FAR RIGHT WHO ARE-- THEY'RE NOT THE CONSERVATIVES BECAUSE A CONSERVATIVE IS SOMEONE WHO WANTS TO PRESERVE THE STATUS QUO.

THEY'RE TRYING TO CHANGE THE STATUS QUO AND REALLY TAKE US BACK TO THE 50'S AND THE 40'S AND THE 30'S AND THAT'S NOT CONSERVATIVE, THAT'S RETRO GRES RETROGRESSIVE AND REACTIONARY.

>> THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

>> WITH EARTH'S TEMPERATURES CONTINUING TO RISE, WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE FUTURE.

>> THANKS TO VIEWERS LIKE YOU, WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO TELL AMERICA'S STORIES ON THIS PBS STATION.

HELP US CONTINUE TO TELL THESE STORIES NOW AND FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS BY INCLUDING THIS STATION IN YOUR CHARITABLE PLAN.

SUPPORTING THIS PBS STATION THROUGH A GIFT OF STOCK IS EASY.

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THANK YOU.

♪♪ >> FOR DECADES SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN WARNING ABOUT THE RISING GLOBAL TEMPERATURE.

THIS COULD HAVE IRREVERSIBLE IMPACTS ON THE PLANET.

LAST YEAR IT WAS TWO DEGREES CELSIUS HOTTER, AND JOINING US IS DAVE WHITE AND JENNIFER VANOS.

WELCOME.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THE BIGGEST PICTURE THAT WE HAVE TWO DEGREES GOING UP, HOW IS THAT AFFECTING THE WORLD AND HOW IS IT AFFECTING THE PLANET?

RECENTLY THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION HAS RELEASED INFORMATION AHEAD OF THE UNITED NATIONS COP 28 CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE THAT'S HAPPENING NOW IN DUBAI AND THE WMO SAID THAT THIS WILL BE THE HOTTEST YEAR ON AVERAGE IN HUMAN HISTORY.

WE ARE GOING TO END THIS YEAR WITH THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE BEING ABOUT 1.4 DEGREES CELSIUS ABOVE THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL ERA AND THE REASON THAT THAT IS SIGNIFICANT IS WE ARE NOW REACHING THE CRITICAL THRESHOLD OF 1.5 DEGREES CELSIUS OVER PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURES WHICH IS SET FORTH IN THE PARIS CLIMATE ACCORD AS A CRITICAL THRESHOLD BEYOND WHICH WE SEE THE ACCELERATION OF CLIMATE IMPACTS AND SOME OF THE WORST EFFECTS.

>> JENNIFER, IF WE WANT TO GO TO ARIZONA AND MORE LOCALLY, PHOENIX, ANYONE WHO SURVIVED OUR LATEST SUMMER WOULD SAY, WELL, DUH.

WHAT ARE THE PRACTICE PRACTICAL IMPACTS WE'RE SEEING?

>> THAT'S WHERE WE'RE SEEING THE LOCAL IMPACTS AND WE'LL MAKE THE CHANGES, BUT WE SAW A MONTH OF TEMPERATURES ABOVE 110 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND PART OF THAT EQUATION IS CLIMATE CHANGE AND WE CAN'T IGNORE THAT.

SO WE HAVE TO THINK WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT THAT?

WHAT ADAPTATION EFFORTS CAN HELP US PROTECT PEOPLE'S LIVES TODAY?

THIS ISN'T A FUTURE PROBLEM IT'S HERE TODAY.

IT'S BEEN HERE FOR A WHILE SO WE CAN'T LEAVE IT TO THE FUTURE TO MAKE SOLUTIONS HAPPEN, AND SO THERE'S A LOT OF ACTION ALREADY HAPPENING ON THE GROUND TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM THE HEAT AND OTHER CLIMATE HAZARDS THAT OUR REGION SEES.

>> WELL, THIS IS A PLACE WHEN PEOPLE SAY IT'S UNLIVABLE, HOW DO WE SURVIVE HERE?

IT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION AND FAIR AT TIMES, BUT, DAVE, I WONDER IF THERE ARE PLACES AROUND THE WORLD THAT COULD ACTUALLY LEARN FROM PHOENIX BECAUSE WE'VE HAD TO INNOVATE HERE?

>> ABSOLUTELY, SO WE SEE THIS AS AN INNOVATION OPPORTUNITY.

THE UNITED NATIONS HAS CALLED THE DECADE BETWEEN 2020 AND 2030 AS THE DECADE OF ACTION FOR CLIMATE.

AND THE PHOENIX AREA, ARIZONA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES HAS REALLY BEEN EXPERIENCING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS FOR A NUMBER OF DECADES AND WE ARE THEREFORE WHEN FOREFRONT OF THIS TO ADAPT CLIMATE CHANGE SOLUTIONS, AND CLIMATE ACTION NOT ONLY WHICH WILL ADDRESS THE RISKS, BUT INCREASE OUR RESILIENCE AND IMPORTANTLY, WE'LL IMPROVE ALL OTHER ASPECTS OF ARIZONIANS LIVES.

AND CLIMATE ACTION, GREATER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AND EQUITABLE, AND SHOULD BE SEEN AS SOMETHING THAT BENEFITS ALL AREAS OF OUR LIVES.

>> WHAT ARE SOME OF THE ACTIONS TAKEN AND SOME OF THE BIGGER ACTIONS THAT WILL NEED TO BE TAKEN IN THE NEXT FIVE TO SIX YEARS?

>> THERE'S A LOT THAT'S ALREADY TAKEN, BUT IT'S FIGURING OUT WHAT ARE THE BEST WAYS THAT WE CAN PUT INTO PRACTICE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AND LIKE YOU SAID, THERE'S OTHER PLACES GLOBALLY THAT ARE LOOKING TO PHOENIX AND WHAT ARE WE DOING?

WHAT'S WORKING?

WE'RE KIND OF THIS LIVING LABORATORY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF HEAT, THE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE HEAT OR OTHER CLIMATE HAZARDS THAT WE FACE HERE.

WHAT'S WORKING AND SO WE CAN THINK ABOUT JUST SOMETHING SIMPLE LIKE SOCIAL COHESION AND WORKING TOGETHER AND PROTECTING OUR NEIGHBORS WHEN THERE'S A HEATWAVE IN PLACE, OR OTHER STRATEGIES WITH RESPECT TO HEAT OUTREACH EFFORTS AND WHAT THE CITY IS DOING TO MITIGATE AND RESPOND TO THE INCREASINGLY NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF EXTREME HEAT.

>> MAKES ME THINK ABOUT HAVE'S AND HAVE NOT'S WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT COMMUNITY.

PEOPLE ARE REALLY GOING TO HAVE TO COME TOGETHER ON THIS BECAUSE THERE ARE FOLKS IN VERY NICE HOUSES CAN PAY AS MUCH FOR AIR CONDITIONING AS THEY WANT.

HOW MUCH DOES THERE HAVE TO BE A COMMUNITY FOCUS IT CAN'T JUST BE A HAVE'S AND HAVE NOT'S.

>> WE TALK ABOUT THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, WHAT CAPACITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL, OR HOUSEHOLD AND COMMUNITY TO RESPOND TO THESE TYPES OF RISKS.

AND WE KNOW THAT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS HAVE GREATER EFFECTS ON OVERBURDENED AND UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE, OUTDOOR WORKERS.

SO THINK ABOUT AGRICULTURAL FARM WORKERS IN ARIZONA HAVING TO PROVIDE FOOD AND FIBER TO SUPPORT SOCIETY AND THEY'RE WORKING IN INCREASINGLY EXTREME TEMPERATURES.

SO THINKING ABOUT PROTECTING THOSE WHO ARE OVERBURDENED AND UNDERSERVED IS A REALLY IMPORTANT COMPONENT ABOUT OUR CLIMATE ACTION STRATEGIES.

>> DON'T WANT TO ASK THE POLITICAL QUESTION, BUT I WILL.

I'D LOVE TO HAVE YOU BOTH SORT OF COMMENT ON IT.

WHETHER CLIMATE CHANGE IS HUMAN CAUSED OR NOT AT THIS POINT, BUT DOES IT MAKE IT ANY HARDER TO CRAFT THE SOLUTIONS TO HAVE MORE PEOPLE ACCEPT THEM IF THERE ARE CERTAIN PEOPLE WHO SAY, WELL, THIS IS CYCLICAL AND IT WILL GO AWAY IN A FEW YEARS?

>> I DON'T -- IT'S A GOOD QUESTION, KIND OF A HARD QUESTION TO ANSWER BECAUSE I DON'T QUITE FIND MYSELF IN THAT SPACE BECAUSE I TRY TO LOOK AT VALUES.

WHAT DO PEOPLE VALUE.

I WORK ON HOW HEAT AND AIR POLLUTION AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH.

EVERYBODY CARES ABOUT THEIR HEALTH AND HEALTH OF THEIR LOVED ONES AND THEIR KIDS, SO IF WE FOCUS ON KIDS IT DOESN'T MATTER WHO YOU'RE TALKING TO.

WE LIVE IN THE DESERT AND CHOSEN TO LIVE IN A HOT PLACE AND WE'RE JUST SEEING INCREASING TEMPERATURES AND SO, BY RECOGNIZING IT THAT WAY, I THINK, AND THEN FOCUSING ON WHAT ALL OF US VALUE 100% OF THE POPULATION VALUES HEALTH THEN WE CAN FIND THE EVEN PLAYING FIELD AND FIGURING OUT WAYS TO REDUCE THE IMPACTS AND FIND CO-BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES, WHETHER IT'S MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION.

>> DAVE, FINAL THOUGHTS ON THAT?

>> I'LL JUST SAY THAT WE RECENTLY, JENNIFER AND I BOTH HAD A CHANCE TO WORK ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT AND IN THAT ASSESSMENT THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE BASE IS CLEAR AND SPELLING, THAT HUMAN-CAUSED CLIMATE CHANGE IS DRIVING THE CHANGES THAT WE'RE SEEING, THE SCIENCE IS UNEQUIVOCAL AND CLEAR, BUT WE HAVE ALSO IDENTIFIED A WHOLE RANGE OF ACTIONS THAT ARE HAPPENING HERE AND NOW AND THAT IF WE SCALE UP THIS ACTION, WE HAVE TO ACT AT THE SAME PACE THAT THE CHANGES ARE OCCURRING TO BE ABLE TO RESPOND.

>> OKAY, THAT SOUNDS OPTIMISTIC, HAPPY TO HEAR THAT.

THANKS FOR BEING MERE.

>> THANKS, STEVE.

>> LAST MONTH TEMPE-- ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> LAST MONTH THE TEMPE CITY COUNCIL APPROVED AN ORDINANCE THAT WOULD RAISE THE AGE REQUIREMENT FOR PURCHASING TOBACCO PRODUCTS TO 21 OR OLDER.

HERE TO SPEAK MORE ABOUT THIS IMPACT IS PEDIATRICIAN DR. GARY KIRKILAS.

.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE DECISION.

>> I THINK IT'S A DECISION BY TEMPE, BACK IN 2019 FEDERALLY AGE TO PURCHASE IS 21.

IT'S NICE TO SEE THAT TEMPE HAS TAKEN IT ON.

AND ARIZONA HAS NOT TAKEN A STATEWIDE APPROACH, BUT-- >> IN 21, TALKED WITH OTHER THINGS, PEOPLE CAN DO THIS OR THAT, WHY 21 INSTEAD OF 18?

>> AGE OF 18 CRITICAL PERIOD KIDS GO FROM EXPERIMENTAL USE TO DAILY USE.

SO IF WE CAN DELAY THAT ONSET BY THREE YEARS AND HOPEFULLY KIDS WILL BE LESS PRONE TO PEER PRESSURE AND THEIR BRAIN HAS DEVELOPED MORE, IT'S A REALLY GOOD DECISION.

ADDITIONALLY, WHEN YOU SEE BACK TO HIGH SCHOOL SOME SENIORS ARE 18 YEARS OLD.

ALL IT TAKES IS A JUNIOR OR A SOPHOMORE TO ASK A SENIOR TO GET THEM TO BUY THE PRODUCTS AND EFFECTIVE MOVING TO AGE OF 21 THERE'S NO MORE TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS.

>> HOW MUCH IS CONVENTIONAL TOBACCO USE ONGOING RIGHT NOW?

REDUCED FROM THE TIME WHEN YOU AND I WERE KIDS, BUT HAS IT REDUCED TO THAT DIRECTION OR VAPING CHANGED THE MOMENTUM ON THAT?

>> YOU NAILED IT EXACTLY.

THE '70S WE'VE BEEN SEEING A SLOW DECREASE IN TRADITIONAL CIGARETTES.

A BUMP IN THE LATE '90S, BUT VAPING HAS TAKEN OVER AND IN FACT, 8TH AND 10TH GRADERS THE MOST COMMON SUBSTANCE THEY'LL USE IS VAPING.

12TH GRADERS ONLY SECOND TO ALCOHOL.

>> HOW MUCH OF A CONCERN IS IT FOR VAPING MARKETING WHEN IT COMES TO HAVING FUN FLAVORS OR THINGS THAT MAKE IT SOUND LIKE THESE ARE GOING TO BE COOL AS OPPOSED TO HERE AGAIN, YOU'RE HAVING TOBACCO?

>> YEAH, RIGHT, SO 90% OF KIDS WHEN THEY CHOOSE TO VAPE THEY'RE GOING TO CHOOSE FLAVORS, JUST MAKES SENSE.

AND THERE ARE EGREGIOUS FLAVORS, CANDY APPLE AND SOME ARE MIMICKING CHILDREN'S CEREAL, FRUIT LOOPS.

IT'S IN OUR BEST INTEREST AS A SOCIETY, HEY, LET'S NOT TARGET KIDS WITH KIDS' FLAVORS.

>> HOW MUCH TARGETED EFFORT TO THIS POINT WHEN IT TRIES TO ELIMINATE THE USE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS.

DOES THERE NEED TO BE THAT MUCH MORE?

I REMEMBER GO BACK 10, 20 YEARS, THERE WERE THESE PRETTY COMPELLING COMMERCIALS WE'D SEE OR ADS AND OBVIOUSLY, YOUNGER PEOPLE ARE USING MEDIA IN A VERY DIFFERENT WAY.

ARE THERE CAMPAIGNS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE?

SHOULD WE HAVE MORE OF THOSE?

>> IN THE '7# 0S, THE LAST TIME ANYBODY WOULD HAVE SEEN A TOBACCO AD ON TV OR RADIO AND TOOK CALL OF US 28 YEARS TO PASS THE SETTLEMENT, THE LAWSUIT THAT PREVENTED CARTOONS AND THINGS GOING ON.

IT'S KIND OF SAD THAT IT TOOK 28 YEARS, BUT I THINK WE'RE IN A PRETTY GOOD SPACE PREVENTING THAT TYPE OF MARKETING AND IT WILL BE INTERESTING IN THE YEARS TO COME WHEN WE KEEP UP WITH CANNABIS.

WE'RE SEEING THE SAME THING.

BUT MARKETING WE'RE DOING A PRETTY GOOD JOB.

>> AND BACK TO THE TEMPE ORDINANCE, PUNISHMENTS.

WOULD THE BUSINESS OWNERS HAVE THE POSSIBILITY OF BUILDING THIS INTO THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS, A $500 FINE, I CAN HANDLE THAT.

DOES THAT BOTHER YOU AT ALL?

>> IT DOES IN A WAY, WE DO OUR DUE DILIGENCE AND PASS THE LAWS, THE PRICE OF DOING BUSINESS I'LL PAY THAT FINE BECAUSE I KNOW I'M GOING TO MAKE THAT MUCH MORE DOING THIS.

IT DOES CONCERN ME, BUT ONLY SO MUCH WE CAN DO AND I APPLAUD THE CITY FOR WHAT THEY DID.

>> ARE YOU HOPING TO SEE OTHER CITIES DO THE SAME.

YOU MENTION THE STATE HAS NOT TAKEN OFFICIAL ACTION.

IS THERE SOMETHING LIKE THAT IN THE FUTURE?

>> IT'S GREAT THAT TEMPE DID IT BECAUSE I THINK THE AVERAGE AGE HERE IS 28, A LOT OF UNIVERSITIES, I THINK THAT TEMPE IS REALLY GOOD.

BUT IN THEORY SOMEONE COULD GO TO PHOENIX, THE CITY OVER, AND BE ABLE TO PURCHASE.

NOW, FEDERALLY THE AGE IS 21 SO THE CONVENIENCE STORES SHOULD NOT BE SELLING LESS THAN 21, BUT, YEAH, WE DO NEED A STATEWIDE MANDATE.

>> IN THE LAST MINUTE OR SO, AS A PEDIATRICIAN, HOW MUCH COULD THIS EITHER SAVE LIVES OR EXTEND LIVES TO NOT HAVE YOUNG PEOPLE AT 18, 19, 20, GETTING ADDICTED TO TOBACCO?

>> THERE WAS A REALLY GOOD STUDY THAT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE DID, IN 2019 WHEN WE INCREASED TO AGE 21 THEY ESTIMATED A QUARTER MILLION LIVES WOULD BE SAVED AND PREVENTED FROM DEATH KIDS BORN FROM 2000 TO 2019 WHEN THEY INCREASED.

SO IF WE DELAYED THAT ONSET OF SMOKING, WE'RE GOING TO DO A LONG WAY TO SAVE LIVES AND I THINK THAT'S THE BEST NEWS YOU CAN GET.

>> TERRIFIC, DOCTOR, THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

>> IT'S A PLEASURE.

>> THAT'S ALL FOR TONIGHT HE'S DIGS OF ARIZONA HORIZON, I'M STEVE GOLDSTEIN IN FOR TED SIMONS.

HAVE A GREAT REST OF YOUR NIGHT.

♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ For 40 years, viewers in Arizona have relied >> HELLO, WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED ARIZONA HORIZON, FOR YEARS VIEWERS HAVE RELIED ON ARIZONA HORIZON FOR IN DEPTH COVERAGE.

AND HOSTED SIMONS HAD RANGING TOPICS FROM POLITICS TO NATIONAL POLICIES AND NOW WE'RE ASKING YOU TO INVEST IN THIS VITAL COMMUNITY RESOURCE THAT HELPS EACH OF US UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND US AND HOW IT AFFECTS THE GRAND CANYON STATE.

WHAT SETS ARIZONA HORIZON APART, UNLIKE CONVENTIONAL NEWSCAST, ARIZONA HORIZON GOES PAST THE SOUND BITES.

OFFERING OPPORTUNITIES TO EXPLORE ALL SIDES, INCLUDING POLITICS, CONSUMER AFFAIRS, THE ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND LEGAL ISSUES.

WITH SO MUCH GOING ON IN OUR WORLD, ARIZONA HORIZON IS LIKE HAVING A USERS GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANT ISSUES FACING US ALL.

WHO KNOWS WHAT THE FUTUR